Support for young talents. Helping young sports talents. Universities and Olympiads
RMS implements various programs aimed at supporting musicians and the development of Russian musical art.
Musical Veterans Assistance Program
First of all, the Union's help is necessary for veterans of the musical art - composers, performers, musicologists, accompanists and other cultural figures who have devoted their entire lives to music and are now retired. They have a wealth of experience behind them - creative take-offs, victories in competitions, concerts. Our task is to give them the opportunity to continue to communicate with colleagues, share their experience with young musicians. It is also important not to leave in trouble those who find themselves in a difficult life situation.
Young Talent Support Program
Young people who have decided to connect their lives with music also need support. At the beginning of their careers, they face a number of difficulties, and it is in our power to help them overcome them. With the assistance of the Union, albums of gifted performers are recorded, concerts are organized with the participation of students and graduates of music universities. The approval of senior colleagues, the recognition of talent inspire novice artists to new achievements. Supporting young talents is a contribution to the future of Russian musical culture.
Support program for music festivals and competitions
The Union holds creative contests and meetings, participates in organizing concerts, and issues grants for the development of projects in the field of culture and art.
Festivals of student creativity help to identify talented composers and performers. The Union awards prizes to the winners of youth music festivals and promotes events to support music schools.
With the support of the Union, the festivals "Petersburg Musical Spring" and "Moscow Meets Friends", the festival of contemporary music "Moscow Autumn", the festival of chamber performances "Silver Lyre", the International Day of Jazz, the festivals "Jazz in the Hermitage Garden" and "Tsar Jazz" named after Georgy Garanyan, the youth festival "Festos", the television competition for young musicians "The Nutcracker", the festival "Composers of Russia for the Children of the Moscow Region".
Program for the popularization of the achievements of Russian musical culture
The names of the great Russian musicians are known far beyond the borders of our country. Their work has had a tremendous impact on the development of not only domestic, but also world musical culture. The Union pays great attention to the dissemination and popularization of the music of Russian authors and performers, both classical and modern.
The Union closely cooperates with FGUP Firma Melodiya and other major music publishing houses. Relying on the professional support of partners, the Union publishes albums and collections with recordings of works by prominent Russian musicians. The Union also helps its members in publishing albums and promoting their creative projects.
RMS is actively working to expand international relations. The Union plans to participate in the music festival in Cannes (France), Edinburgh (Great Britain), the Music Fair in Frankfurt (Germany), creative exchanges of delegations with similar unions of the leading countries of the world.
Also among the priority tasks of the state youth policy on the present stage is the improvement of the system of encouragement and motivation of talented youth, which is a strategic resource for the country's development.
The establishment of this system was positively influenced by the measures implemented at the federal and regional levels. First of all - Presidential Decree Russian Federation dated April 06, 2006 №325 "On measures of state support for talented youth."
In accordance with the Decree, 5,350 young talents will be selected annually in all regions of Russia. Of these - 1 250 people. (winners of All-Russian Olympiads, winners and prize-winners of international Olympiads and other events held at competitive basis) receive bonuses in the amount of 60 thousand rubles. and 4,100 young people (winners of regional and interregional Olympiads, prize-winners of All-Russian Olympiads and other events held on a competitive basis) - in the amount of 30 thousand rubles.
In 2015, another form of support for talented youth will be developed: from September 1, for 5 thousand school graduates who have demonstrated the highest level of training, a special academic scholarship is introduced for the entire period of study at universities in the amount of 20 thousand rubles.
Regional competitions aimed at identifying and supporting talented youth are held in 78 constituent entities of Russia. The total number of competitions is 634.
The largest number of them is noted in the Tomsk region (44), the Tambov region (43), the Moscow region (40), Kaliningrad region (37), Chelyabinsk region(31). In total, more than 200 thousand young people took part in the regional stages. The number of winners in 2014 compared to 2012 increased by 25%.
Among the interregional competitions to identify and support talented youth, the following can be noted: contests of projects and programs to support talented youth, art festivals, KVN games, photo contests, pop song contests, festivals of contemporary art, exhibitions of creative works.
According to the data of a monitoring study on young people taking part in competitions, festivals, olympiads and other events of an interregional, all-Russian and international scale to identify and support talented youth, in 2014 compared to 2012 the number of participants increased by 10%.
Various competitions in the vocational education system are also aimed at identifying and supporting talented youth.
So, in the All-Russian Olympiads professional excellence more than 2 thousand students from 71 constituent entities of the Russian Federation of all federal districts took part.
It should be noted that there is a steady trend in the formation of a support system for talented and initiative youth at the regional level. Support measures have a positive resonance and help to increase the interest of young people in scientific and research activities in the country.
In 2013/14 academic year over 7.4 million students took part in all stages of the All-Russian Olympiad, including 1.77 million students in the municipal, regional and federal stage, which is 25% more than a year earlier.
In 8 international Olympiads in general education subjects, Russian schoolchildren won 19 gold, 16 silver and 3 bronze medals. For the first time in the history of international Olympiads, Russia took the 1st team place in the number of medals at the International Chemistry Olympiad. Also, for the first time in 2014, all members of the national geography team won international awards. In the team tests in mathematics, computer science, physics, astronomy, the combined teams of schoolchildren of the Russian Federation entered the top five strongest teams in the world.
It should be emphasized that a stimulating factor for young people was the creation in most constituent entities of the Russian Federation, in accordance with the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of July 30, 2008 No. 1144 "On the Prize of the President of the Russian Federation in the field of science and innovation for young scientists", councils of young scientists and specialists (hereinafter - SMUS).
SMUS is a permanent collegial, advisory body under the head of the highest executive body state power of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation and is a youth meeting of representatives of scientific and educational institutions located on the territory of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation.
The Council performs expert and advisory functions in matters of youth policy and the scientific and educational sphere, staffing, development of an innovative economy, represents the interests of young scientists and specialists. Currently, within the framework of supporting innovations and scientific and technical creativity (according to monitoring data), there are about 2.0 thousand student scientific societies, which employ about 200.0 thousand people.
In Russia, a system of communication platforms has been created, the purpose of which is to summarize the experience and develop the skills and competence of young people - a system of youth forums. In 2014, more than two-thirds of the regions of the Russian Federation held their own youth forums in the main directions of the state youth policy.
In pursuance of the instruction of the President of the Russian Federation of August 20, 2012 No. Pr-2218, youth forums are held in all federal districts under the auspices of plenipotentiaries. The federal youth forums “Seliger” and “Territory of Meanings” hosted about 16 thousand young activists in 2014. In total, about 50 thousand people took part in the forum campaign.
Employment of youth.
The complication of the position of young people in the labor market is associated, first of all, with the global financial crisis and recession, which in one way or another affected all countries in the world. According to the report of the International Labor Organization (hereinafter - ILO) "Global Employment Trends in 2014" in 2013 there were about 202 million unemployed worldwide, of which about 74.5 million people. were young people under the age of 25. The youth unemployment rate was twice the global unemployment rate at over 13%.
According to the ILO's Global Employment and Social Outlook: Trends 2015 report, the number of unemployed is expected to increase by 3 million in 2015 and another 8 million. in the next four years. The global youth unemployment rate is expected to rise to 13.1% in 2015 and then remain unchanged until 2018. The largest increase in youth unemployment in 2015 will be observed in East Asia and in the Middle East with expected further growth over the coming years.
United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon called youth unemployment an “epidemic” of today and “one of the biggest challenges of our time”: “In both poor and rich countries, youth unemployment is much higher than that of adults. And of course, lack of work is just the tip of the iceberg. Many receive paltry wages and cannot count on social protection in the informal economy. Others find that their education prevents them from finding work in today's labor market. ”
In this situation, most of the activities within the framework of national youth policies in most countries of the world are related to youth employment.
And even more: youth employment in a number of countries has become a national priority. This seems logical: the level of crime and migration among working youth is close to zero, working youth are ready to create a family and offspring, continue their education, and are loyal to the authorities.
Undoubtedly, the main responsibility for expanding youth employment lies with the state. Funding for youth employment within the framework of youth policy is almost entirely funded from state budgets, but there are also programs funded jointly by the state and private capital. international organizations(World Bank, ILO, UN) and other donor organizations. The implementation of educational programs, programs for the development of entrepreneurship in developing countries significantly depend on the resources of international partners and non-governmental organizations.
For example, in 2011, the European Commission launched the Opportunities for Youth Initiative, asking governments and social partners to make efforts to combat early school dropout and help young people to acquire the necessary professional qualifications, skills and work experience, and also looking for a first job.
Linked to this initiative is the EU employment package adopted in April 2012, which complements the employment priorities. These include a range of policy targets: 75 per cent employment rate for workers aged 20–64 by 2020; the early dropout rate is below 10%; at least 40% of young people with higher education.
The aim of the project "Your first job" is to support the labor mobility of young people within the framework of the common European labor market, namely, to promote the employment (work, internship or apprenticeship) of young people in the EU member states. The project started in 2012. The project should result in the employment of 5 thousand citizens.
In 2012, the European Commission formulated a proposal to expand the Youth Employment Package. This included, inter alia, a proposal to Member States to adopt a Youth Guarantee, which was made in 2013.
The essence of the initiative is for Member States to ensure that all young people under the age of 25 receive a quality job, education, apprenticeship or internship offer within four months of graduation or last employment. The International Labor Organization has estimated the cost of creating youth guarantees in Europe at 21 billion euros per year. At the same time, the economic loss from unemployment of 7.5 million young people was estimated at more than 150 billion euros, taking into account the benefits paid to these young people and other long-term unemployment costs.
The € 6 Billion Youth Employment Initiative was proposed by the European Council in 2013. Its goal is to help Member States improve national policies in the field of combating youth unemployment in countries where it exceeds 25%. And pay special attention to young people who do not study and do not work. Funding for the initiative is planned from the EU budget in the amount of 3 billion euros for youth employment and another 3 billion euros from the European Social Fund. Additional funds can be contributed by countries. The initiative will support and accelerate measures for the Youth Employment Package and Youth Guarantee.
National plans for the implementation of the Youth Guarantee Initiative were presented by 18 EU Member States. National plans define the role government agencies authorities and other responsible organizations, funding and monitoring mechanisms, timing of activities. For example, in France in 2006, the law "On equal chances" was adopted, which obliged companies of all forms of ownership to hire annually in proportion to the number of staff under 25 years old, even if the latter did not have work experience in their specialty.
The Youth Guarantee initiative is complemented by three other EU initiatives: the European Internship Alliance, Internship Quality Standards and the Public Employment Network.
The European Internship Alliance initiative aims to improve the quality of internships and introduce an apprenticeship system throughout Europe. In 2014, 19 people took part in this initiative. European countries, about 30 organizations and 15 companies.
The Internship Quality Standards Initiative, adopted in 2014, aims to ensure high quality learning during internships and fair working conditions for interns.
Thus, according to the data of the European Trade Union Confederation, currently 59% of trainees are not paid wages, and 38% of trainees do not have an internship contract with an employer. Various youth organizations have also criticized the weakness and non-binding nature of the EU initiative.
The Public Employment Network initiative is one of the youngest and was launched in September 2014 by the decision of the European Council and the European Parliament. One of its tasks is the exchange of knowledge and successful experience in the implementation of the Youth Guarantee initiative. Network participation is optional for European countries.
The Erasmus European Exchange Program for Young Entrepreneurs provides an opportunity for aspiring entrepreneurs to learn from established experienced entrepreneurs in different countries the world. In the program from 2009 to 2013. was attended by 5 thousand entrepreneurs.
Of all startups in the EU, about 87% were founded by entrepreneurs who participated in the Erasmus program. Funding for the program will continue, and by 2020 it is planned to provide at least 10 thousand exchanges of young entrepreneurs.
The analysis showed that the coordination of youth employment programs and plans in countries can be carried out through various organizational models with the participation of the Ministry of Employment and / or Labor, the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Youth Affairs.
Thus, the main principle of China's youth policy is work ethics, which is based on the involvement of young people in economic and labor activities. A special role here is assigned to the participation of students in labor camps, specially created for the period of summer vacations.
Among the measures taken by the leadership of the PRC to stimulate the employment of young people, the following should be noted: expanding employment channels, including encouraging and attracting university graduates to work in rural organizations; the creation of their own business by university graduates (for the implementation of low-profit projects, it is possible to get a loan of up to 100 thousand yuan); university graduates who are engaged in small business are exempted from paying administrative fees for three years; establishing links between universities and enterprises (state order).
As a result of this policy in the PRC, despite the consequences of the global financial crisis, general level employment of graduates six months after graduation from higher educational institutions in the country is about 90.2%,
In most countries, the most popular interventions for youth employment opportunities programs are: skills training (in particular vocational training and apprenticeship systems) and integrated programs (work / learning, work experience and other support activities), wage subsidies , public Works, vocational guidance and employment, entrepreneurship training.
The main problem in the development and implementation of such measures is the assessment of their socio-economic efficiency for the labor market, specific beneficiaries of programs (young people), and the state.
Most of the programs have been implemented in developed and middle-income countries, with only a small proportion in developing regions such as Africa.
Youth support measures depend on the income level of the countries. OECD countries tend to have a diverse portfolio of programs, with comprehensive curricula popular with them, while middle-income countries tend to focus on building and improving education and training systems.
The objectives of the programs are highly dependent on the level economic development countries. In developing countries, there are more programs to help young people from low-income families, as they have relatively high unemployment rates and are often at risk. V Latin America where young people are most economically disadvantaged, comprehensive programs such as the Youth program and targeted educational programs funded by local governments, international organizations and the private sector have been supported and funded by the government.
Programs in countries with economies in transition target unemployed youth with low educational attainment or out of school. About two thirds of all programs in these countries focus on high school graduates and students who have already completed their studies, or will complete it in the near future.
Most of these programs focus on skills training and wage subsidies. Data on programs for young women, young people with disabilities, and youth from ethnic or minority groups are scarce.
In Russia, youth unemployment also exceeds the average unemployment rate of the population. According to the results of surveys of the population on employment problems "Employment and unemployment in the Russian Federation in February 2015" by Rosstat, the average unemployment rate among young people under the age of 24 in February 2015 was 15.8%, including among the urban population - 15 , 0%, among the rural population - 18.0%.
The excess rate of unemployment among young people on average for the age group 15-24 compared to the unemployment rate of the population aged 30-49 is 3.3 times, including among the urban population - 3.8 times, the rural population - 2, 4 times.
In general, the economically active population aged 15–72 (employed + unemployed) in February 2015 amounted to 75.8 million people, or 52% of the total population of the country. The economically active population includes 71.4 million people. classified as employed economic activity and 4.4 million people. - as unemployed using the ILO criteria (that is, they did not have a job or profitable occupation, were looking for a job and were ready to start it in the surveyed week).
Comparative sociological studies conducted by the Department of Youth Sociology of ISPI RAS show that, in general, work still remains a significant factor in the personal self-determination of the majority of young people. A significant part of young people associate their present and future life with him. At the same time, every fourth person has a different orientation, not related to labor. Among them, about one in seven young people would definitely not work if they were financially secure. This group has been steadily reproduced over the past decade.
Analysis of the data also shows that, firstly, opportunities for the integration of youth into the world of work and the formation of labor potential different groups young people often take shape spontaneously and chaotically, under the influence of random factors; secondly, involvement in informal and corporate relations is a factor in social and professional advancement. All this deforms the labor mobility of young people and introduces uncertainty into the conditions of their social and professional development. This is especially acute in the current conditions of the implementation of the import substitution program and further modernization of the economy. Solving these problems requires not only the active involvement of young people in the labor process, but also new knowledge, qualifications, the ability to solve problems of growing complexity, and the formation of modern labor ethics in young people.
Distinctive feature the motivation of youth labor is its instrumentalization. In relation to work and profession, the majority of young people are dominated by pragmatic values. A strong connection between work and earnings has formed in the minds of the majority (three quarters) of Russian youth (59.6% of young people aged 18-24 and 65% - aged 25-29).
The profession is also perceived as instrumental. A sense of usefulness, that is, the social significance of work, is inherent in a little more than a quarter of young people. Even fewer (12.1%) see the meaning of work in the implementation of the internal need to work, as well as in the implementation creativity(9.2%). For everyone else, the profession is a tool for achieving material well-being.
At the age of 25-29, only a third of young people associate the expectation of an interesting job, their usefulness and the development of professional qualities with work. And only 12.1% of young people see work as a way of realizing their entrepreneurial potential.
The overwhelming majority of young people declare their refusal to realize their interest in entrepreneurial activity through work. This indicates the imperfection of the existing market relations in Russia.
The labor potential of young people is determined by the coincidence of their expectations in the world of work with the possibilities of their satisfaction. The baseline indicators of opportunity are the following: finding a job, training, promotion, protection of labor rights. Comparative analysis over the past 12 years indicates, in general, a significant increase in the listed opportunities.
At the same time, only half of young people nominally rate them above average. And the possibility of creating or expanding your own business is even less and amounts to 26.1%. This means that for half of young people, opportunities have not become a reality. Existing more in a declarative form, they do not activate interest in work, undermining the labor potential of young people. As a consequence, the labor sphere is giving way to more efficient non-labor mechanisms.
One of the forms of temporary employment of young people is work in student teams.
The Ministry of Education and Science of Russia interacts with the Youth All-Russian Public Organization "Russian Student Detachments" (hereinafter - MOOO "RSO"), which unites more than 240 thousand participants from 72 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, working in 6 main areas of activity: construction, pedagogical, agricultural, service , profile, as well as detachments of conductors.
In the summer labor semester of 2014, representatives of student teams took part in the construction of the Plesetsk and Vostochny cosmodromes; residential district "Academic" (Yekaterinburg); nuclear facilities (Leningrad NPP, Rostov NPP, Novovoronezh NPP-2); upgrading the Cenomanian-Aptian deposits of the Bovanenskoye oil and gas condensate field in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.
Also, within the framework of interaction with JSC Federal Passenger Company, 7,800 students were employed in 10 branches of the company - representatives of student guides' teams. One of priority projects 2014 was the formation of specialized energy student teams of JSC Russian Grids; a detachment with a total of 1,500 students from 76 specialized professional educational organizations and educational institutions of higher education was formed.
In 2014, work continued on training volunteers to work at the XXII Olympic winter games and the XI Paralympic Winter Games 2014 in the city of Sochi (hereinafter referred to as the Games). To train volunteers on the basis of educational institutions of higher education, 26 volunteer centers were created, which trained 25,000 volunteers of the Games.
In 2014, the Federal Agency for Youth Affairs collected and summarized more than 900 practices and projects that contribute to the professional self-determination of youth, implemented in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
Ministry of Education and Science of Russia together with The International Association corporate education (hereinafter - IACS) held the I All-Russian competition of the best practices of employers in working with children, youth and personnel reserve (hereinafter - the Competition), aimed at creating a positive image of industries and professions, educating a new generation of citizens with the necessary professional and social competencies, the formation of innovative methods of interaction between public authorities, organizations and public associations in the field of supporting children and youth. 49 companies operating in the Russian Federation took part in the Competition.
Based on the qualitative analysis of measures (activities) and quantitative analysis by country and youth employment programs, the following main conclusions can be drawn, namely:
1. Education and training is the dominant measure (activity) in youth employment programs.
2. Programs for the integration of young people into the labor market in the developing world are aimed at young people with low income or poorly educated.
3. Information on youth employment activities is better reported in the industrialized countries of the world.
4. In general, the degree of socio-economic efficiency of measures (measures) to ensure youth employment is assessed as weak, while these measures are more successful in developing countries and countries with economies in transition than in industrialized countries.
The meeting was extremely representative; experts in the field of education rarely gather in such a composition. And although the audience was dominated by rectors - Viktor Sadovnichy, Mikhail Strikhanov, Nikolai Kudryavtsev, Vitaly Rubtsov, Anatoly Alexandrov, Yaroslav Kuzminov and others, there were also State Duma deputies (Alexander Degtyarev, Oleg Smolin, Irina Rodnina), and the leaders public organizations... The Ministry of Education and Science was represented by Deputy Minister Igor Remorenko, who oversees school education and youth policy.At the very beginning of the meeting, Olga Golodets recalled that in the spring of last year, a set of measures was adopted to implement the Concept of a nationwide system for identifying and developing young talents, but many of the tasks set have not yet been resolved - for example, requirements for pre-professional education programs in the field of arts have not been developed. However, at the meeting of the National Coordinating Council, the emphasis was placed on other issues: what needs to be done nationwide to identify gifted children, including how to improve the system of intellectual competitions for schoolchildren and students.
Are children from wealthy families the most gifted?
At the meeting, the results of the first all-Russian study of the attitude of citizens to talents were presented - on the initiative of the HSE, fieldwork was carried out by the Foundation " Public opinion". The results, according to the managing director of the fund, Elena Petrenko, were surprising even for sociologists.
Among the main conclusions - the end of the myth of the "leveling consciousness". When asked if you agree with the fact that only a few, the most talented people develop culture, 56% of the respondents answered in the affirmative. “This means that society has left the Soviet greatcoat, we have practically parted with equalizing values,” says Elena Petrenko. "Our consciousness is not egalitarian." And 36% of respondents agree that economic growth (and ultimately the well-being of each of us) is determined by the contribution of 3-5% of talented and energetic people.
The next section of the survey - who should pay for the development of the abilities of gifted children, to what extent are co-payments from parents necessary. Less than a third of the respondents in the population sample and a quarter in the parents sample are sure that the development of a child's talents should be dealt with by the family, and not by the state. The importance of the role of the state in the development of talents is mentioned by 67% in the population sample and 73% in the parents sample. However, parents can take on the maximum responsibility: 75% of the respondents are ready to give up important life benefits for them in order to develop the child's talent.
When asked if you are willing to pay for additional education developing the abilities of your child, 33% of the most affluent part of the population (the top of the five quintiles) answer "yes, we are already paying", the same answer is given by 37% of the slightly less affluent part (the second quintile). According to HSE Rector Yaroslav Kuzminov, this important indicator: representatives of the first quintile pay less than representatives of the second. That is, social benefits go to the owners of large incomes - the children of very wealthy parents mostly get into the free talent support sector.
Another topic that was considered within the framework of the study is which school you need to study in for the development of giftedness. Most of the respondents talk about the need to expand opportunities comprehensive school, less than a third - on the development of a network of specialized schools and the provision of a transparent selection system in them. There is a contradiction: the majority wants their children to go to a regular school, but skeptical about its possibilities for the development of giftedness. And, as Elena Petrenko noted, the respondents' answers reflect the current practice. The higher the income level of the respondents, the more often they say that special schools are needed for gifted children.
However, when asked how children are recruited to such schools, the majority of respondents answered that they can get there not only thanks to their abilities, but also for a fee, by acquaintance. In the top quintile, 14% say that they are selected to special schools mainly according to their ability, which means that children from such families are really learning. The wealthier the family, the more often children study in lyceums and gymnasiums - and strictly the opposite: the lower the level of family income, the less often the child ends up there.
Universities and Olympiads
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Yaroslav Kuzminov and the rector of Moscow state university named after M.V. Lomonosov Victor Sadovnichy.
Yaroslav Kuzminov spoke about the area of responsibility of universities in the search and cultivation of talents in the scientific and professional spheres (sports and art were left out of the discussion). There are several problems here: the school is focused on mastering the general education program and does not stimulate the acquisition of additional knowledge, the Olympiads are held only in school subjects, and children do not have the opportunity to try on professional roles. At the faculties of psychology, sociology or soil science, from a third to half of the students, even the strong ones, come by accident - they did not study the corresponding subjects at school.
Universities are interested in strong students, and this interest will be stimulated by the competition for state assignments in terms of admission quality, which will be introduced by the Ministry of Education and Science this year. New law"On Education in the Russian Federation" for the first time allowed universities to engage in general education - to open their own lyceums and lyceum classes. However, the system of work with schoolchildren in specific universities is more focused on preparing applicants for themselves (mainly on paid preparatory courses) than on finding talented schoolchildren. And for effective work with gifted children, universities have no base, no skills, no incentives, no resources. “We must try to change this behavior model of universities,” the HSE rector believes.
The work of universities with gifted students is the selection of "ready" talents and the "cultivation" of talents, and the main form of this work today is the Olympiads. However, there are problems in the Olympiad movement: the society doubts the objectivity of the Olympiads (this is evidenced by regular appeals to the Public Chamber), but at the same time itself strives to use the Olympiads as a way of out-of-competition admission to a university. This should be countered by other actions, ensuring the interest in participating in the Olympiads, starting with the elementary grades.
What are the directions for the development of the Olympiad movement?
It is necessary to improve the system of Olympiads: to strengthen control, ensure transparency, develop uniform rules that would not hamper the initiative. It is necessary to expand the practice of competitions for projects in applied areas - analogs of the all-Russian competition "Step into the Future", which is organized by the Moscow State Technical University named after N.E. Bauman (MSTU). Project competitions can be held in other areas as well - agriculture, social work, management. In the same way, Olympiads can be held in pre-profile subjects - from philosophy to medicine (today only engineering, economics and law are represented), moreover, the “experience” of new Olympiads and competitions, which allows the winners to receive benefits when entering universities, should be reduced to one of the year.
The coverage of schoolchildren with Olympiad competitions should be much greater - to attract children younger age, with disabilities health, from low-income families, remote areas. The most obvious way is to introduce quotas for different categories of children, involving the public chambers of the regions in control over their use. Concerning All-Russian Olympiad schoolchildren, then leading universities could participate in its conduct - today a number of areas of the "all-Russia" are not very well organized: for example, on regional stage sometimes children who did not participate in school stage... Public and methodological control by universities would help solve many problems.
As for the Olympiads held by Russian Council Olympiads for schoolchildren, then over the past three years the share of their participants from non-graduated classes has tripled. It is necessary to further increase this share, also by increasing the number of schoolchildren from different regions... One of the radical proposals is to publish on the Internet the works of all the winners of the Olympiads: despite the fact that this information can be considered personal, a person on its basis claims for a budget place in the university and therefore will hardly object to its disclosure.
In 2014, the practice of financing and methodological control of the lyceum and lyceum classes at the capital's universities will be worked out. The Moscow government will transfer the standard for one student to universities, and the rest of the costs will be borne by the universities themselves. The experiment will involve Moscow State University, HSE and Russian University Friendship of Peoples (RUDN University), and this will be an attempt to create an alternative to elite schools. It is important that lyceums as part of leading universities remain free of charge, so that quotas are allocated there for children from low-income families and families with a low level of parental education. Thus, social mixing will be carried out - a function that education performs in society.
"Avoid Competitive Individualism"
Viktor Sadovnichy, in turn, made a presentation on university Olympiads and other intellectual competitions. However, according to his own assessment, this task turned out to be more difficult, because the tracking systems talented people in universities, in fact, no, and now we are at the origins of its formation. We need a trajectory to support talents, from school to work, and for its creation - "system integration of the school, university and employer." There are examples of participation in supporting the talents of public organizations, such as the Russkiy Mir Foundation or the Russian Geographical Society.
There are different forms of work with gifted students - a science festival (the latter was attended by 400 thousand young people), Olympiads, Universiades, scientific conferences, summer and winter schools and others, universities have an endless field of work here. However, by the fifth year students' motivation to participate in such events fades away, because they think about work. Although, for example, in international student programming contests, our teams constantly win prizes. There are many other examples, but they cannot be considered systemic work... There is not even grant support for the participation of young people in the Olympiads - everything is limited to diplomas and one-time prizes. “We have conducted a study of successful practices of intra-university support for gifted youth. The picture doesn’t make me happy, ”said Viktor Sadovnichy.
During the discussion of the reports, different points views and suggestions.
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So, Anatoly Aleksandrov, rector of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University, said that if the Olympiads cause criticism, then only people who did not participate in them and cannot participate due to their limited intellectual capabilities. Thanks to the "Step into the Future" competition, it is possible to find children with a special mindset, and then they need to be accompanied, develop individual development maps for them, send them to practice in the best universities in Russia and abroad.
Alexander Degtyarev, Chairman of the Education Committee of the State Duma, proposed to discuss the problem of competitive selection for high school students. V higher education a group of leading universities has been singled out, why is it impossible to single out elite schools in general education? The law gives the school the right to create lyceum and gymnasium classes, but the issue of selection for these classes is not stipulated, and this is not the prerogative of the law, but the normative acts of the educational authorities. And if the enrollment in the first grade, of course, should be carried out on a general basis, then in grades 10-11 it is quite possible to select by competition, that is, "rank children according to the degree of giftedness." And such classes will definitely become suppliers of applicants to the country's leading universities.
First Deputy Chairman of the Education Committee Oleg Smolin emphasized that in the pursuit of achievements, children often become victims of the so-called “competitive individualism”, when “a person feels joy from his own success associated with the defeat of another”. The deputy believes that social solidarity for the development of talent and creativity is no less important than a person's striving for achievements: “I would venture to assert that the experience of the USSR, Japan, South Korea, Finland shows that the general high level of education of the population is not less, or maybe is even more important for the modernization of the country than individual outstanding achievements. " Of course, you need to select talented people and create them good conditions, but within the framework of this strategy, it is necessary to achieve equality of opportunity - in particular, by allocating quotas for participation in Olympiads or studying in free gymnasiums at leading universities. Oleg Smolin proposed to spread the best practices of working with gifted children to the maximum number of schools - for example, to devote one of the next meetings of the Coordination Council to the achievements of creative pedagogy, inviting such well-known innovative educators as Yamburg or Shchetinin.
Oleg Smolin was supported by the rector of the Moscow City Psychological and Pedagogical University, Vitaly Rubtsov, who also offered to disseminate the experience of the best teachers and schools: “Our teachers do not know how to work with gifted children, they do not know how to create conditions for them. Technologies and methods of working with giftedness in Russia are poorly set. " And Yaroslav Kuzminov agreed that a program is needed to overcome the “disease of competitive individualism and loneliness”: “This is very important, and I am pleased that my traditional opponent Oleg Smolin and I think the same way. I would go further and suggest specific tools and measures - not only the dissemination of the experience of creative pedagogy, but also other steps: for example, to legitimize competitions for teams and collective projects, which are now denied by the entire regulatory system for encouraging and evaluating results, competitions for social projects, and the development of school self-government. ... Young people do not have the skills of coordination, solving problems for others or in favor of others - let's think about this too, it fits into the framework of our activities to identify talent. We need the talents of not only engineers, but also social organizers. "
"It is necessary, in principle, to change the education system"
The results of the meeting were summed up by Olga Golodets, who stated that in order to identify talents and giftedness in children, we need, in principle, to change the education system. Some types of giftedness are "we just skip, we don't see them." The Deputy Prime Minister said that she recently traveled to Finland with a large delegation - “I thought we had a big gap, but I didn’t think it was that big”. To ensure the quality of life of their nation, people have a different attitude to the education system, do not hesitate to deliver a three-year home economics course or a music course in high school, when playing in a vocal and instrumental ensemble is a compulsory discipline. After all, if a person has never played a musical instrument, if his mother has not brought him, we do not know whether he is talented or not. Therefore, a child, studying at school, should good level try yourself in music, and in sports, and in many other things, and then say that he likes this or that.
It is clear that children can be talented in something, but talents sometimes combine in unexpected ways. Steve Jobs was not only a talented engineer, but also a designer. However, if a person has the talent of an engineer and he studies at the appropriate school, then he will not be able to show his design skills - and vice versa. But it is a unique combination of talents that can give a creative splash. In such cases, it is necessary not only not to interfere with the development of various talents, but also to be able to highlight abilities that the child, perhaps, is not aware of in himself.
Olga Golodets suggested moving from words to deeds in addressing the issue of geographical and social accessibility - in particular, this year already to instruct the federal ministries, which are the founders of universities, to ensure the availability of admission for talented children from the provinces. Each institution must show that it has made every effort to gather children from all regions of Russia: that representatives of these institutions went to the regions, looked at the children, saw the best and they were invited. The Deputy Prime Minister believes that universities have the resources to organize such work.
Another conclusion is about the need to organize interaction between employers and talented students, as mentioned by Viktor Sadovnichy. There are examples of employers trying to involve students in their research and development. It is necessary to create a databank of such interaction, identify employers who provide systematic support to talented students, and include the activities they conduct in the attention of the National Coordinating Council.
Boris Startsev, specially for the news service of the HSE portal
Photo by Nikita Benzoruk
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Today the Russian President spent the whole day at the theater. An international cultural forum is being held in the building of the Mariinsky in St. Petersburg, and the head of state discussed the most pressing problems with representatives of this sphere. Hosting a theatrical Olympiad, financing culture, helping young talents, and the president has promised to allocate an additional one billion rubles annually for this support.
Matilda Kshesinskaya herself once shone in the ballet Fairy of the Dolls. Today, a toy fairy tale, albeit not always confidently, is presented by future prima. After all, these are their very first steps on stage.
To support, help and teach, because the competitiveness in the field of culture will be as high as, for example, in the exact sciences, the President emphasized, opening the meetings on the identification and training of talented youth.
“Now we are forming a whole system aimed at finding and discovering young talents. We must focus our attention on their support at the first, sometimes the most difficult stages of a career. It is obvious that working with gifted creative youth, especially in such an area as culture, requires special flexibility and non-standard solutions, rejection of the templates of mechanistic unifications, and so on, ”said Vladimir Putin.
But the question is - how can a child find himself, if today even music is a compulsory subject only in elementary school?
“I really love physical education, I'm a terrible athlete and a football player too. But, in my opinion, a child, along with a letter and a number, should learn a note, ”says the pianist, People's Artist of the Russian Federation Denis Matsuev.
He recalls how, not without the help of a charitable foundation, he himself once moved from Irkutsk to Moscow. Patrons help children today. But the system of training such talents in specialized schools and universities changed in 2012. Now they are under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Education, and not the Ministry of Culture, which means that they must work according to general educational standards. But creativity cannot be framed.
“When we were accredited several years ago, the Academy of Russian Ballet, and this is the oldest educational institution in our country, we are the oldest, then I joked, of course, saying to Rosobrnadzor:“ You know, first they invented us, then all education in the country, and then you. " I want to be accredited honestly, I want all our points to meet your requirements, but this is impossible - then we must destroy the ballet, ”said the rector of the Academy of Russian Ballet. AND I. Vaganova, People's Artist of the Russian Federation Nikolai Tsiskaridze.
“Maybe it is worth considering the issue of returning art education to the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Culture of Russia? In the end, the Ministry of Culture is then asked for the theater, for the ballet, and for the naked on stage too, ”the rector suggested. Russian Institute theatrical art - GITIS Grigory Zaslavsky.
“Everyone is proposing to return to what happened. You know, I remembered the phrase of Alexander the First, who ascended to the throne and said: “Everything will be like under my grandmother.” As for the belonging of the education system in the field of art and culture to some department, I believe that you are largely right I just don’t want to solve such issues right now, but we will move in this direction, ”said Vladimir Putin.
Sergei Bezrukov drew the head of state's attention to supporting children's theaters. The Ministry of Culture allocates 220 million rubles for four dozen youth theaters and educational scenes in the country. But young directors also need grants for new, Russian cinema. Moreover, getting a creative profession should be as accessible as possible.
“I propose to supplement the president's grants system with a new direction - support for young talented people so that they could take their first steps, not think about where to get money. This is the first part. And the second part of this grant should be aimed at finding young talented people. We will make this addition to the presidential grants annually in the amount of one billion rubles, ”the president promised.
They also spoke about the lack of funding in the field of culture. In most music schools, the instruments are still of Soviet production. The salaries of teachers, perhaps, are not too high, but young specialists enter the industry, and the problem of staff aging is gone.
The President held this meeting in the building of the second stage of the Mariinsky Theater, which annually receives hundreds of thousands of spectators, dozens of premieres and always sold out. Today, with the participation of Vladimir Putin, the Board of Trustees also sits here, which includes not only officials and cultural and art workers, but also large businessmen, patrons and sponsors.
They discussed the development of the theater as one of the main pillars of Russian culture. The theater already has branches in Vladivostok and Vladikavkaz. But even this is not enough for the viewer. The President said that another stage of the famous Mariinsky Theater and an educational center will definitely appear in Primorye.
“I do not yet know about the sources of funding and I don’t know the final amount yet, but I want to assure you: we will definitely do it. The only request is to you, to the representatives of your workshop, about the teaching staff, about the level of training. This level should be high, it should not be inferior to the capital cities of Russia, ”- said Vladimir Putin.
“I hope that what we have just heard will help us turn Vladivostok into one of the pivotal centers somewhere beyond Novosibirsk, maybe it will be, most likely, the leading cultural complex, which can be a very strong support center both for Russian young resources and for our colleagues in Japan, China and South Korea, ”said Valery Gergiev, artistic director, director of the Mariinsky Theater, People's Artist of Russia.
Immediately after working meetings - a gala concert of the cultural forum. Masterpieces of world classics - recognized in the world. The congress itself this year broke all records - seven dozen delegations from all over the world. Exhibitions, plays, performances and discussions - culture knows no boundaries.
“Culture, art, education are a response to the challenges of barbarism, intolerance, aggressive radicalism that threaten our civilization. This is the way to overcome dividing lines and barriers, various kinds of prejudices that prevent us from moving forward, ”said Vladimir Putin, speaking at the gala opening of the VI St. Petersburg International Cultural Forum.
A glass of champagne and thanks to foreign guests from the USA, Great Britain, France, Japan and other countries. For heated discussions, practical solutions and new projects.
“It is especially gratifying that you do not lock yourself in your national apartments, but work as people of the world in the broadest sense of the word,” said Vladimir Putin.
In 2019, St. Petersburg is waiting for another large-scale cultural event - the Theater Olympics. The President supported the idea.