Socially cultural institution. Complex of socio-cultural industries. Socio-consumer complex. The defense is taken out

Legal entitiesthat are commercialorganizations, as the main goal of their activities pursue the profit. They can be created in the form of economic partnerships and societies, production cooperatives, state and municipal unitary enterprises.

Legal entities that are non-commercialorganizations can be created in the form of consumer cooperatives, public or religious organizations (associations) funded by the owner of institutions, charitable and other funds, as well as in other forms stipulated by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Non-commercial organizations can carry out entrepreneurial activities only inspired, as this serves as the goals for which they are created, and the corresponding goals.

Listed as an example types of business activitieswho are entitled to lead the St. Petersburg State University of Culture and Arts without prejudice to the main appointment of one of the oldest humanitarian universities in Russia:

♦ Preparation of specialists on a contractual basis
an order funded from the budget;

♦ Production and mediation activities in the area of \u200b\u200bthe cult
, education, information;

♦ editorial publishing activities;

Accommodation in the hostel on a compensation basis;

♦ provision of services related to a socio-cultural figure
;

♦ Implementation and rental of fixed assets and property, including those belonging to the right of operational management.

It is allowed to create associations of commercial and (or) non-profit organizations in the form of associations and unions.

Should be warned from such types of organization as offensive and destructive, dramatic, depressive, schizoid, paranoidand forced,defined as pathological typewhich are transferred psychopathological criteria applied to individual personalities (34;114-120).

Offensive-destructivethe type of organization rests on ethics of strength, on a guide, based part on fear, part - on egoistic interests. The enterprises of this organizational type are characteristic of such characteristics as an irresponsible personal arbitrariness from above, usurped or confusing power in the middle and anarchy throughout the structure.

Dramatic organizamprschuchihyperactivity, impulsiveness, ease, for them, playback of activity, courage, risk, independence is more important than the result. Moral norms are artificial and are designed for an external impression, as well as a halo of a person standing at the head that acting the title role in the enterprise, as on the scene. There are no systematic and dimension in the work, medium - and long-term strategy of the enterprise, sooner or later doomed to bankruptcy.

Depressive organizationsthe desire to keep in today's market due to yesterday's goods and services, in the rolled river, to preserve the status quo in vacuum of cardinal solutions, in the absence of a conscious strategy and confidence in the future, simultaneously with the illusions somehow hold out in the conditions of the regulated market, without significant Competition.

Shizoid organizationsin the future, they are doomed in place, for their leaders, like a "man in a case", are deprived of contacts, helpless in everyday issues, closed. In the absence of clear instructions, the breech in the management of the company is filled with middle managers, haunting personal goals; Created zealous protected "specific principalities", information becomes a tool of power.

Paranoid organizationsit is characterized by cold, deprived of emotions, rational climate of excessive control and distrust. It is dominated by reactive strategies, people show conservatism from fear to seem too much on fudge. Reality is perceived often in a distorted form, the calculation is made mainly on protection, the strategic style of control is reduced to the formula: somehow yelling.

IN forced organizationseverything is prescribed, systematized, approved, nothing is surrendered to the deposit case or foreseen. The unwillingness to be dependent on the circumstances or whose mercy is the driving force of the manual and causes the need for deep control. It is almost impossible to move away from one day the plan. The decisive role is played by the hierarchy and, as a result, the relationship of subordination on the service staircase. From fear to make a mistake of decisions are taken hard, however, with a big hunting is postponed, as a result of which the dominant idea is often lost in such firms.

Entrepreneurial success is provided not only by the refusal of the pathological type of organizations, but also the development of the average and long-term prospects for the development of production, value ideas and considerations that ideally have been implemented in everyday practice. Success is accompanied by factors such as the development of positive standards of entrepreneurial culture, strengthened cooperation, multilateral support, the development of programs and projects of new working methods that can improve such indicators as profits, turnover, quality, production scale.

High Organizational Cultural Enterprise is an organization productive w crement.It is characteristic of the following principles:

1) exactly supplied ideals or goals;

2) common sense;

3) competent advice;

4) discipline;

5) fair attitude towards staff;

6) Fast, reliable, complete, accurate and constant accounting of market
conjuncture;

7) Remuneration for creative and financial performance.

There are some options for classifying characters that are originally designed for economics purposes. (36;33-41). According to one of the gradations, styles of leadershipcan be divided into three options (autocratic; democratic; liberal), and leadership styles -two types (focused on work and focused on man).

In real socio-cultural reality can be used classification of charactersproposed by the French psychologist Le Sennne and representing the combination of the following basic parameters -Emotionality (E), activity (a), primacy (P)and secondarystone (B)."Primacy" and "secondary" show how long the employee is able to feel, worry this or that psychological state, to keep the impression from the experience (secondary)or to the momentary perception of life ( primacy).

Combination set out parameters E, a, p, inprovides (according to researchers), the presence of eight variants of character, and therefore types of behavior (36;39):

Social and cultural activities are such activities that aims to preserve and transfer cultural values, as well as the development, self-affirmation and self-realization of the individual and the Group through their attachment to these values. Usually this activity is associated with leisure. Experts work on the organization cultural events, help in the case of the difficulties of family and any other communication precisely through the organization of free-time children and adults.

Such activities are very important, because it is aimed at solving individual social problems and satisfying the cultural needs of society. The CCD is diverse, it has a large number of different options and institutions, has exceptional voluntariness and freedom of choice. Social and cultural activity performs recreational and wellness, cultural and creative, developing and informational and educational functions.

Where and how do it teach

In Russia, more than 60 universities who offer their programs to teach students social cultural activity. The leading are Moscow universities, for example, Moscow State University of Culture and Arts, Moscow City Pedagogical University and others. Students study culture and art in all their diversity, their theory and historical development, Applied disciplines and humanitarian sciences are practiced in various cultural and produce centers.

Graduates of universities in this specialty work in and show business, they are mainly organizing activities, negotiate with the agencies, agree on the activities, as well as the promotion of stars on the career stairs. Experts work with actors, singers, circus artists, organize exhibitions in galleries and so on. Many students of this department emphasize the desire and the opportunity after the release to work in the specialty, the high probability of obtaining a profitable earnings, which grows together with the experience and skillfulness of the specialist, as well as a whole range of classes that can be combined with learning. This is one of the most popular activities in the modern world, with a competent approach, bringing real benefit to society and culture.

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State budgetary educational institution higher education

"South Ural State Institute of Arts named after I.P. Tchaikovsky"

Faculty of socio-cultural activity

Coemwork

" Public organizations and movements as subjects withsocial and cultural activity"

Performed: Zablivskaya Polina Yurevna

Chelyabinsk 2016.

Introduction

The relevance of the topic is due to the socio-cultural specificity of the activities of public organizations. In the course of social, economic, cultural changes in our city, a unique experience of socio-cultural development has been accumulated, and the model of effective regulation of socio-cultural interactions implemented in practice has become public associations.

The scientific relevance of the study of public associations in the perspective of socio-cultural activity is determined by the need to deep understanding of funds, satisfying the socio-cultural requests of the population in a polycultural context.

Public organizations - membership-based public associations created to protect common interests and achieve the statutory goals of united citizens.

Social movements - not having membership mass community associations, pursuer social, political and other social useful goalsSupported by the participants of the social movement.

The area of \u200b\u200bculture, leisure and creativity is a permanent sphere of social participation and social leadership of citizens in the form of formal, semi-formal and informal communities.

That is why it is extremely necessary for the development of the individual, the formation of its subjective position is to create conditions under which a person or community of people will be able to fully show fully and satisfy their needs and interests in the field of culture, education, arts, sports, tourism and recreation. One of the forms of implementing these needs and interests are socio-cultural generality and formation. Social cultural public

Public organizations and movements act as expressiveness of the interests of individual social layers and groups, as well as as a subject of the reform process. They are able to represent the interests of the population, interact with the authorities, in certain cases to put pressure on it. Social movements, speaking as one of the most dynamic organizational forms, are faster than others adapt to new social conditions, new ideas are accumulated, adapt to the changed rules. A peculiarity of modern society is the emergence of flexible social structures, which are in favor of public organizations and movements, allowing to combine freedom and interests of individuals with general principles regulating their joint activities.

The social significance of the problem posed in the work is due to the following factors: the emergence of a large number of public associations, the long silence and reluctance of the state to pay attention to existing problems In social and meaningful relations, ignoring frequent contradictions in matters of socio-cultural ties.

Against this background, the role of voluntary public associations in the life of the country increases noticeably, but at the same time the negative consequences of the loss of experience of independent social activities are clearly traced. Therefore, the study of the history of the emergence and activities of public associations acting as a socialization agent for various categories of the population will allow not only to fill the gaps in the knowledge of the history of public associations, but also identify effective technologies for the provisions to meet the emerging needs for identity self-identification in the process of civil identity growth. .

purpose : Explore and make an analysis of the socio-cultural activities of public organizations and movements.

Tasks :

1. Investigate the historical origins of socio-cultural activities of public organizations and movements.

2. To explore the technology of socio-cultural activities of public organizations.

3. Make the analysis of the work of public organizations and movements Chelyabinsk region.

4. Make a conclusion in the course work.

Thing : study, study of history, theoretical foundations and modern technologies socio-cultural activities of public organizations and movements.

An object Research : The process of activity of public associations in the Chelyabinsk region.

The problems of studying the technologies of socio-cultural activities of public associations have long attracted the attention of scientists, but here there are difficulties related to the fact that public associations have intensified their activities in the field of culture only in the 20th century. Nevertheless, literature on the problem under study can be divided into the following groups: historical literature (the first mention of social movements and associations); Fundamental studies of the theory and methodology of socio-cultural activities; Periodic publications in which the problems of socio-cultural activities of public associations are directly covered.

Historical literature: Isaev I.A. History of the state and law in Russia, Karamzin N.M. The history of the Russian state, Klyuchevsky V.O. A brief allowance for Russian history.

Theory and Methodology: Kiselevova T.G., Krasilnikov Y.D. "Socio-cultural activity", Sokolov A.V. "Phenomenon of socio-cultural activity", Zharkov A.D. "Theory and technology of cultural and leisure activities", Zharkov A.D. "Organization of cultural and educational work", Zharkova L.S., Zharkov A.D., Chizhikov V.M. "Cultural and leisure activities: theory, practice and methods of scientific research", Yaroshenko N.N. "Pedagogical Paradigms of Social and Cultural Activities", Strelnikova Yu.A. "Development of the theoretical foundations of the educational activities of Soviet clubs", Sorokin P.A. "Social and cultural dynamics."

Historical origins of socio-cultural activities of public organizations in Russia.

Various associations of people with shared views on nature, art, with common type Behaviors are known with deep antiquity. It is enough to remember the numerous philosophical schools of antiquity, knightly orders, literary and art schools of the Middle Ages, clubs of the new time, etc. People have always been typical of the intersection. "Only in the team," wrote K. Marx and F. Engels, "the individual receives funds giving him the opportunity to comprehensively develop his mysteries, and, therefore, personal freedom is possible only in the team."

A comprehensive nature acquires transformations in Russia of the first quarter of the XVIII century. They made a lot of changes in the content of life and leisure of various estates. The necessary prerequisites for out-of-school education arise, organized leisure of the popular masses. The first Slavic alphabet is reformed. A new civil alphabet is created, secular entertainment, cognitive and scientific literature produced.

In the XVIII century, there is an attempt to create a folk education system; Plans to update Russia, the projects of education of young people, the creation of a "new breed of people" are born. The ideas of humanist philosophers of the Renaissance, European enlighteners find their development and application.

The Russian schools of this period were under the auspices of the state and the church, who performed as a customer interested in the upbringing of not "harmonious" people, and competent and God-fearing parishioners.

XIX century. The cultural and educational idea of \u200b\u200bXVIII largely enriched educational ideas of the first half of the XIX century. The new century, in historical science, is associated with intensive overcoming thesis narrow and limitations in education and education: it was put to feminine education. The new wave of cultural and educational activities of the Russian intelligentsia is associated with the noble period of the liberation movement, which is enormous influenced by sociocultural, educational ideas and activities of the Decembrists.

In the first half of the XIX century, ideological and socio-political struggle aggravated all over the world. Russia was no exception. However, if in a number of countries this struggle ended in the victory of bourgeois revolutions and national liberation movements, then in Russia the ruling Tip managed to preserve the existing economic and socio-political system. The main reason for the rise of the social movement was a growing understanding of Russia's backwardness of Russia from more advanced Western countries. Not only progressively thinking representatives of the nobility and the intelligentsia emerging from the all-strokes, but also serve landlords felt the need for cardinal change.

However, in the public movement of Russia there was its own specificity. She expressed that in Russia there was actually no bourgeoisie, capable of fighting for their interests and for democratic transformations. Wide masses were dark, uneducated and clogged. They still retained monarchical illusions and political inertness. Therefore, the revolutionary ideology, the understanding of the need to modernize the country was in early XIX. century, exclusively at the front of the nobility, speaking against the interests of his estate. The circle of revolutionaries was extremely limited - mostly representatives of the informant nobility and a privileged officer corps.

Club institutions. The history of the origin and development of publicly available (not elite-type English clubs) of club institutions suggests that they arose in the second half of the XIX century, as public educational institutions. A number of forms of such institutions have been known, which by their nature performed the functions of a public club or club-type combining. These are the commitments of literacy, society to promote people's education, the Society for the Promotion of Education, the Company's Dissemination Society, society of reasonable entertainment, guardianship of folk sobriety, society of doctors, local history, theater and literary figures.

The rapid expansion of the network of various associations in the first after revolutionary years made it possible to hope for their further rapid development. However, the path that the amateur public formations passed was not cloudless.

In the 50s, the period of the so-called "Khrushchev thaw" occurred. So in 1956 such public organizations were created as the Association for the UN Security Association in the USSR, the Committee of Youth Organizations of the USSR, the Committee of secular women, etc. The years of stagnation were stagnant and for public associations. Then there were only three public organizations: the Soviet Committee for European Security and Cooperation. (1971), All-Union Agency for Copyright (1973) and All-Union Voluntary Society of Book Lovers (1974).

The Soviet Society of the second half of the 20th century was a complex system with a variety of currents and structures, many of which were not controlled by the communist regime. The most notable movement was dissident. But the dissident was only part of broader discussions and social initiatives. Despite the apoliticality of the majority of the population, there was a significant layer of people who defended various ideological positions. Formation civil society In the Soviet Union continued in the second half of the 60s - first half of the 80s. The relatively wide layer of the intelligentsia continued to discuss the most acute problems of history and modernity. In many ways, the disputes of the 70s of the 1980s anticipated the reform of the 80-90s.

In the Soviet Union there were mass independent of totalitarian institutions informal organizations. They interacted with the authorities and its "drive belts", but in their actions were guided by their own logic. This phenomenon can be described as informal movements - subcultures, combined by a common business - social creativity, the creation of new "unofficial", unusual forms of life.

The collapse of the USSR and the "shock therapy" started the 90s, led to significant changes in the structure of civil society. It was professionalized, noticeably lost in numbers, and at the beginning of the XXI century - and in influence. Under the pressure of social difficulties, the old field of informal movements actually broke up.

As a result, it should be noted that the rapid development of various associations coincides with the periods of expanding democracy. It follows the principal conclusion that the level of democratization of society is lowly determined by the number of voluntary formations, the degree of activity of their participants. In turn, the other conclusion follows from here: the appearance of modern public figures There is no result of someone's evil will, it is quite natural. Moreover, we can safely assume that as democracy further expands the number of informal social entities and their participants will increase.

Technologies of socio-cultural activitiespublic organizations and movements.

This paragraph addresses various types of socio-cultural technologies, their main patterns, and the existing practice of applying these technologies with public organizations in our city.

Both around the world and in Russia and in the city of Chelyabinsk, non-profit organizations have more than 700. Some of them are more developed, some - less. Organizations as people: born and die, activate and fall asleep.

Many ideas, projects and proposals put forward by public organizations are implemented in the city. The formation of structures and an increase in the potential of non-profit organizations will allow to switch to a new qualitative level - a comprehensive social partnership policy.

This is not only mutually useful for residents of the city of the case, the creation of a normal stable living situation in the city, but also another step towards the formation of a democratic society, which develops relations between mutual responsibility and mutual depending on the results of joint actions of the public, power and business.

More than 700 public organizations operate in our city, which can be divided into the following types: veteran, military-patriotic, children's, female, in the field of housing relations, in the field of health care, the association of people with disabilities, in the field of culture, youth, scientific Educational, in the field of education, ethnocultural, in sphere international cooperation, interest associations, territorial bodies public self-government, in support of non-state associations, human rights, professional associations, in the field of family support, in sphere social protection, physical protective, tourist, ecological, etc.

1. Cultuous and cultural technologies.

Cultuous, developing technologies are widespread at all stages of personality socialization. The practical development of these technologies begins in the period of early socialization when the child stands before the need to acquire socially compulsory general cultural knowledge, skills and skills, when through a family, a network of institutions of preschool, school and additional education And other social institutions, he consciously attachs to a whole constellation of subcultures, including the youth.

Different types of creative formative, developing technologies in the field of professional and amateur socio-political, artistic, scientific, technical, applied creativity and amateur movement are becoming the property of every person, both due to subcultural mechanisms when the personality is as it were within one or another subculture and Due to the general social, government programs.

Serious changes occur in the method of cultural and creative activity. In the new socio-cultural situation, the range of creative activity of the masses is significantly expanding. As well as further development ARTISTICAL MEASUREMENTS New impulses receive scientific and technical and applied creativity, and above all, various types of socio-political activities.

2. Technologies of artistic and creative activity.

Collect-collecting, analytical and research work in the field of culture and art are developed. Increasing interest in creativity, first of all to the author. The prestige of theater studios, theaters of journalistic, pop, miniatures working on local material increases. In the field of musical amateur, an interest in the author's song, rock-creativity, collecting, processing and recreating the musical folklore is manifested.

Work is activated on the revival of lost artistic and household traditions. One of the directions of such activities is the development of applied culture of creative handicraft technologies, thanks to which the traditions of household and artistic craft are preserved, the status of crafts is maintained as historical and cultural value.

In our city, the traditional folk craft fair has become in the exhibition center, which presents products from various materials made according to old technologies.

The importance of amateur art in the development of various subcultures increases. Under this, the process is actively formed by a stable local culture, differentiated in accordance with the presence of certain groups of the population of the region.

Significantly changing the form of manual amateur creativity. The natural mechanisms of its development are introduced. The factors of its self-regulation are activated. The nature of planning, accounting and reporting is simplified. Cruel control over repertoire, exhibition and concert activities is canceled. The system of registration of amateur associations and clubs is simplified. Cultural and leisure centers are beginning to pay much attention to non-institutional forms of amateur activities at the place of residence. Extensions are expanding, developing outside the framework of cultural institutions.

3. Cultural technologies.

The main installation of cultural technologies is the preservation of the cultural and historical environment with the help of modern security and restoration events. The essence of this installation is to save, if possible, visible signs and the iconic values \u200b\u200bof each individual, and the age, social, professional, ethnic cultural - communities, turn them into the actively functioning elements of modern educational, artistic and creative, entertainment processes.

To this end, technology is attracted to the creation of territorial local lore encyclopedias and reference books; technology of organizing local history work; Technologies for the development of tourist-sightseeing routes based on historical and cultural and historical and industrial facilities; technology reviving traditional forms of sociocultural activities; folk crafts, crafts, rites.

4. Rereactive technologies.

Rerelative (restoration) and sports technologies are designed to ensure and preserve human viability. They are universal in their use. In the process of socio-cultural activity.

Modern recreational techniques are based on psychological and pedagogical patterns of entertainment and entertainment, physical culture and wellness, artistic and entertainment activities. In the process of developing the majority of recreational projects, focused on improving the quality of living and improvement of life, the ongoing attention of specialists is concentrated on the introduction of the latest achievements of biology, physiology, psychology, medicine into the practice of mass and specialized leisure.

The main and historically established type of recreation was always sport. Currently, there are more than 70 sports organizations in Chelyabinsk, mostly federations different species Sports, wellness clubs and sections.

5. Animation sociocultural technologies.

The purpose of animation technologies has a pronounced humanitarian orientation - to prevent the alienation of the individual in the culture of society, in the structure of social relations.

There are two types among professional animators: heads of coordinators and specialists of teachers, heading mugs and studios who teach in courses engaged in social and cultural activities at the place of residence that provide psychological support in the structure of everyday public relations. In the content of animation technologies included comprehensive assessment The crisis situation, assisting in the definition and consciousness of which methods in this situation are suitable for the effective achievement of the goal, awareness of the real possibilities and their choice, awareness of the likely consequences of a particular solution.

The organization of recreation and entertainment carries a significant social, educational, psychological, rehabilitation load. The meaningful side of recreational technologies is constantly expanding and enriched due to the involvement of traditions of people's leisure culture, the revival of the former and cultivation of new folk holidays, rites and rituals - blessings and humorine, days of laughter and carnavalov, literary and artistic, sports and tourist and family holidays, holiday flowers and the holiday of Russian tea, days of cities and other events.

A distinctive feature of leisure activities in sports and charming and tourist-sightseeing centers is the integration of recreation, health, spiritual enrichment and versatile personal development.

In this difficult period, in which our country is located now, many psychological and crisis centers appear, whose activities are aimed at psychological assistance of the population.

6. Pedagogical gaming technologies.

In a number of recreational and wellness technologies, a significant place occupies an extensive gaming activity.

Of all famous species Social and cultural activities The game appears the most free activities. Gaming technologies demonstrate the productive social and cultural activities of independent subjects, which is carried out within the framework of voluntarily assigned conventional rules and has many attractive qualities - socio-psychological, aesthetic, hedonistic, moral and ethical.

As a recreational technology, the game has well-known pedagogical and organizational and methodological advantages. It allows you to significantly reduce the time to accumulate the necessary information, the acquisition of certain skills and skills; It contributes to the imitation of various types of social activities, expands the scope of personal contact with various social groups, organizations and movements, familiarization with many genres of art and literature. Intensifying the person's reflexion itself, the game is an effective tool for deepening democratic communication, cooperation, social dialogue.

S.A. Schmakov allocates the following main methods for organizing children's leisure activities:

Method of game and game training. The game is an independent and very important type of activity of children, equal with all other. The game can perform a form of non-game activities, an element of a non-chamber.

Theatricalization method. Leisure children has an infinite multiple plot and social roles.

According to the classification of A.V. Sokolova, depending on the target and psychological context, the game technologies can be divided into several behavioral types.

The most common in gaming technologies is a competitive method. Its essence is in the struggle for superiority in sports competitions, gambling, lotteries, contests providing opportunities for their chance. The main game gain here is the feeling of victory and self-affirmation. The contest applies to all areas of creative activity, except moral.

A peculiar technology represents a fairy tale game. In this technology, the main emphasis is transferred to psychological unloading, care to the illusion, the hedonistic sensations, which is in a certain extent bordered by the self-nomination. On the "fabulous gaming" technologies are built both primitive and modern folklore.

Very notable are entertaining and game technologies such as Masquerade Game.

These technologies apply in almost all organizations working with children and adolescents: Raduga Children's Public Association, Rifey Children and Youth Center, Public Organization "Ural Compound". Also, the methods of theatricalization are used by many organizations that are engaged in spectacular and theater activities: Municipal Institution Cultures "Youth Theater".

7. Socio-protective and rehabilitation technologies.

The sphere of culture, art, education, sports is characterized by the presence of various socio-protective, rehabilitation technologies in the content and direction.

It is, firstly, the main, basic technologies of the type of specialized gaming, culturalotherapeutic, artheterapeutic and others. These technologies are not accidentally designated as basic. They are primary in essence, do not depend on the influence of external socio-economic, political, cultural and other factors, differ in certain stability, the constancy of the components of their elements.

As a permanent resource holder of basic socio-protective and rehabilitation technologies, states of state and non-governmental structures, including the bodies of the municipal administration, government agencies of the socio-cultural sphere, the public sector and commercial organizations. In the daily practice of social and cultural activities, there are still priority traditions of enlightenment, patronage, guardianship, charity, social mediation, and, and public organizations and movements are aspass as expressive of the interests of individual social layers and groups, as well as subjects of the reform process. They are able to represent the interests of the population, interact with the authorities, in certain cases to put pressure on it. Public movements, acting as one of the most dynamic organizational forms, the faster of others is adapted to other social conditions, accumulate new ideas, adapt to the changed rules. A peculiarity of modern society is the emergence of flexible social structures, which are in favor of public organizations and movements, allowing to combine freedom and interests of individuals with general principles regulating their joint activities.

Public associations ahead have a lot of work. It is necessary to develop the natural balance of all possible forms of interaction between the state, public and commercial sector, to look for new forms of social partnerships.

It is confident not to say that the activities of public associations accelerates the development of democratic processes in the region. Reality confirms that experience social communicationsThe Civil Sector accumulated successfully transforms into new effective forms of public life management.

conclusions

Analyzing the state and trends in the development of the socio-cultural and political life of Russia over the course of several centuries, it can be concluded that it is precisely with the emergence of public movements that the deep transformations of society and its socio-cultural structures are often beginning.

The Bolshevik revolution of 1917 was preceded by a whole wave of socialist movements. But from these small circles in the following years, the wide and quite mass movement of socialist populists was developed. Next, it split and gave rise to new waves of public movements, which, after passing the stage of the circles, already Marxist, led to the creation of the Bolshevik party, and then to the revolution and the creation of one of the two over the powers of the 20th century - the USSR, already a full-fledged global project. The party was well aware of the beginning of this new era, where the initial genesis of the socialist project actually passed.

Even looking back for several decades ago, we see a pedestal picture of public movements, whose representatives are not yet difficult to meet in life and learn the details of the origin and development of movement of first-mouth. In particular, those of public movements are interesting, which appeared from the bottom, and developed often not only without state support, but sometimes even overcoming government pressure.

Currently, there is a wide range of public interests of people: from political and economic to leisure, from national and nationalist to cosmopolitan, from problematic (for example, environmental) to amateur associations in interest.

What is characteristic of these movements and organizations?

First, they revealed the diversity of people's installations on solving certain social problems. Over them ceased to be bought for data, various restrictions and official regulations. Created a real opportunity to realize their goals, combine similar and fight for survival in this changing world.

Secondly, new public movements They entered into a fairly hard confrontation with the old existing structures, and they greatly showed their fighting qualities, loyalty to the idea and, which is especially important, the effectiveness of their work, the ability to entangle people.

Thirdly, among the part of public formations, organizations appeared, risk groups, which are characterized not only by positive goals, but also by asocial, criminogenic aspirations. There are also the organization of the opposite, nationalist, which, of course, cannot be attributed to the establishment of a favorable public atmosphere.

Finally, there is a deep transformation of existing social structures. The update time made it possible to clearly verify the vitality of many of them, their ability to develop in new conditions.

In other words, the emergence and functioning of new associations, the transformation of old public organizations symbolize the approach that has justified itself in history: the more opinions, the more or rather the decision. but creative potential People by improvement political system The new society is far from being implemented. People's capabilities are still basically manifested by spontaneously and not always in the optimal version, because there is no mechanism for supporting social initiatives.

The most common types of public organizations and movements are:

Providing social services (40%)

Education (26%)

healthcare (6%)

Work of professional associations and unions, management real estate (HOA).

According to the survey of organizations of organizations, 33% of registered organizations do not have paid employees, 35% have no more than 5 employees, 23% have from 6 to 10 employees. The share of relatively large organizations is thus small. Volunteers are absent in 28% of non-profit organizations, and another 25% of organizations have from 10 volunteers. At the same time, 10% of organizations, according to their leaders, have more than 100 regular volunteers. One of the reasons for the relatively low involvement of citizens in the "third sector" consists in their rather weak awareness of the activities of non-profit and public organizations, the business and the state are gradually becoming the "third sector" significant resources. There are also truly independent, large and civilized charity organizations of the Russian business.

Thus, public organizations and movements carry out social and cultural activities with the aim of common cultural lifting of the population of Russia. In particular, in the Chelyabinsk region, a sufficient innovation of volunteers from public organizations and movements is actively showing socially-cultural activities.

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Typology of objects of the socio-cultural sphere

The modern world is widely used by a matrix that compares the socio-economic situation of cultural objects and the mechanisms of deploying profile and commercial activities. The matrix allows you to create typology of objects sociocultural spheredepending on their economic status:

Objects of the social and cultural activities of federal and public administration (museums, theaters, creative teams, reserves, etc.) representing a national cultural heritage. Enjoy financial support for both government and non-state organizations can provide high-cost services.
Objects of the social and cultural activity of regional appointments, which are on budget financing (full or partial). Characteristic: an unstable economic and economic situation, a weak material and technical base, a formally existing (or missing) billing account in a bank, an unstable position, personnel turnover.
Institutions and organizations that need large investments by resources (municipal bodies, donors, sponsors and patrons) in their programs and projects. Characteristic: the use of various forms of ownership, freedom of choosing financing, types of cultural activities.
Industry institutions and organizations that are in full or partial self-sufficiency. Characteristic: Active economic position, independence in the selection of cultural activities and leisure service, investing in their development, external programs and projects.

Note 1.

The socio-economic status of the object of culture, art, education, leisure, sports is the result of the interpenetration and intersection of a number of characteristic parameters that expand the idea of \u200b\u200bthe facility as a specific social institution of culture of the modern region.

Classification of social and cultural institutions based on the features of their resource base

Depending on the nature of the use and purpose of the resource base, socio-cultural institutions are divided into:

single-profile, providing a variety of cultural activities based on one species, genre, directions, forms of culture, art, leisure, sports, etc.;
multi-profile, providing for the development of different areas of activity at the same time - sociocultural, leisure, educational;
rolled, or mediation, providing on their basis of public-political and cultural activities.

According to the program-target principle of logistical and financial support, the target use of the resource base of the institutions of the socio-cultural sphere is provided.

Philosophy under the Institute understands the element of the social structure, historical forms of organization and settlement public Life, the transfer of cultural experience, the development of cultural forms of social life. Acquisition of cultural knowledge.

The term "social and cultural institution" is indicated:

State and municipal structures

Production associations and enterprises

Non-state public organizations

Systems national Education

Media

Special institutions of socio-cultural profile: theaters, museums, libraries.

The Social and Cultural Institute unites people for joint activities to meet the socio-cultural needs of a person or solving specific socio-cultural tasks.

Network of cultural and leisure institutions.

Under the network it is understood by the association (network of libraries, network of clubs ...), which is based on a territorial or departmental sign.

The territorial sign takes into account the number of institutions at their location in the scale of the area, city, region, edges.

The departmental sign takes into account the number of institutions for their subordination, on financing:

State

Municipal (local budget)

Public (trade union, different societies).

Commercial.

Departmental.

Until 1917. The CDU network has been developed weakly. It was not a government, but the Russian enlighteners (Radishchev, Fonvizin end 18th century). These were libraries, museums, theaters as forms of extracurricular education:

1830 public libraries

1834 libraries in 18 cities of Russia

the mid-19th century - Sunday schools, folk theaters were created on the initiative of revolutionary intelligentsia.

70s - rural, city libraries and publicly available professional theaters.

The 80s - Sunday evening schools for workers.

The 90s - Folk Houses and the People's Theater, the network of schools for adults is growing.

Folk houses were built at the funds of plant owners and factories and contained a library, reading room, a visual hall and tea.

By 1903, there were about 10 thousand free libraries in rural areas.

Thus, by 1917, a network of school institutions and adult courses, folk universities, public libraries were created. The network was small, the KPU was in major cities to the Urals.

Socially cultural institution. Complex of socio-cultural industries. Socio-consumer complex. The defense is taken out

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