General characteristics of electronic desktop scales of different types. Scales desktop dials. Weighing rules
Libra - Measuring instrument designed to measure body weight by comparing it with a mass of conditionally adopted units (grams, kilograms, tons). Scales must meet the following basic metrological requirements: to provide a certain weighing accuracy, i.e. the ability to determine the weight of the cargo with deviations from true weight (permissible error) by a value that does not exceed established by the relevant rules; have a certain sensitivity, i.e. the ability to detect even minor load changes; have constancy of testimony, i.e. With repeated weighing of the same cargo to give the same readings. Scales have so far been used in trade practically unchanged. We sometimes use past time, and sometimes real, because You can not decide what is more appropriate.
According to the principle of operation, scales are divided into lever and spring. In the USSR, the trade was used exclusively lever (fysive) scales. They served for weighing various goods with all sorts of trading operations.
According to the principle of weight definition, scales were divided into girny, savages and cyberblast. The names of the scales were established in the main method of balancing goods on the data of the scales: the combined balancing devices were used on most types of scales, for example: scales with a hypographer and an additional scale or scales with a dial and a cup for weights. According to the standard in the fifties, the standard, GOST 798-53, the scales were classified according to the greatest permissible loads from 1 mg to 200 tons. The trade was used with the highest permissible loads from 2 kg (desktop ordinary and dial scales) to 25 tons (automotive scales) . The exception was analytical and technical scales used in trade when weighing jewelry goods. The same GOST classified scales by accuracy classes, and each class of accuracy corresponded to a permissible error in percentage of the greatest permissible load. Automotive scales, carriage for normal gauge 1524 mm, platform mobile, platform stationary, tabletop ordinary with open mechanism, table ordinary closed type and desktop dials should be not lower than class 1a, i.e. their permissible error in the greatest permissible load should be laid in ± 0.1%.
By the ratio of the shoulder rocker, scales are: equalion (for example, table-tailed scales, dial-top dial-dial) and napaneseless (for example, the scales of hundredsually mobile commodity, tabletop dial-up cliffs).
By the mutual arrangement of the rocker and the load-receiving devices, the scales were: with driving devices placed over Koromysl (for example, desktop closed scales), with a lifting device placed under Koromysl (for example, technical scales).
Trading scales are divided into scales designed mainly for weighing individual purchases in stores in the presence of buyers or when accepting goods in warehouses, etc., and automatic weights and semi-automatic portions for hanging goods during their packing.
In addition to the basic properties of weights - certain accuracy, sensitivity and constancy of testimony - trading scales must meet the following requirements: loyalty (accuracy) of measurements for a certain period of time (for example, 6 months or 1 year); simplicity and ease of handling; the ability to install on the load-receiving part (cup, platform) of goods of various configurations; the ability to overload up to 25% of the maximum load; perhaps less own weight and dimensions; the ability to repair and the convenience of replacing the wireless parts; resistance to external influences, including weighed materials and products; The possibility of verification is the easiest and most accessible methods; Finally, the scales should have a good transportation.
Widescreen from the middle of the fifties, scales with a dial-based weight lift pad. These scales have the following advantages: convenience and simplicity of indicators; automation and acceleration of the weighing process; The ability to install a special device for balancing the container and an additional device for automatically fixing the weight, the possibility of complete mechanization and automation of the weighing process when using loading and unloading devices.
Device of the most common types of trading weights
In accordance with the extent of the 50s, the beginning of the 60s GOST 574-49, the desktop scales were produced with limit loads in 2, 5, 10, 20 kg and had conditional designations: VNO-2, VNO-5, VNO-10 And VNO-20.
Desktop Scales Scheme (VNO)
Scales board ordinary Consist of equal return rocker 1 with five prisms, of which the average 2 is supporting, two end, 3 - load-receiving and two connecting 4. Prism 2 and 3 pass through the body of the rocker and tightly fastened in it. The rocker relies on the pillows 5 placed in the frame of the scales. Cups (platforms) 6 are located above the rocker on the crosses, which are based on one side through the brackets 7 on the load prisms, and on the other hand, with the face of 8 to earrings 9 levers 10. These levers are associated with a rocker with the help of connecting prisms 11. Each lever It has three prisms: one, extreme, is a digital, second load-receiving (perceptive load from foot 8), and the average connective. The support prisms of the levers are associated with seryo 12 with fixed ears 13, which are attached to the planks 14 connecting the side walls of the frames of the scales. Earrings 11 and 12 are based on prism through pillows. To determine equilibrium, serve pointers 15, located one against the other.
On the camp of the scales, the greatest load was designated. In addition, the rocker was indicated: the greatest and lowest load of the scales, the name or brand of the manufacturer, the scale number and the year of their release. On the stopper of the rocker and on the removable metal cups of the scales, state-owned stamps were applied. NOO (open-stop scales) were produced with a paired load-receiving device - cups, venues, with a combined load device, as well as with special load-receiving devices, such as a bowl or a bucket for vegetable weighing or potatoes.
Desktop Scales Closed (PMZ)
Desktop scales closed In contrast to the weighs of the desktop open closed with a casing.
Such weights with limit loads of 2 kg (PMZ-2) and 5 kg (PMZ-5) were produced. The mechanism of these scales was mounted on the support plate, to which two racks and two support brackets were welded. The middle prism of the rocker is based on the racks, and the terminal prisms are on the brackets. The ears of small seryo are welded to the brackets. Weighing platforms are located on the crosses, attached by screws to the target cameras, rigidly connected with horizontal straps of the legs. Scales had four fixed installation legs
The weight casing was designated: on one side, the name or brand of the manufacturer, and on the other - the type of weights, the greatest and lowest load, as well as the stamp of state check.
Desktop Dial Scales (VET)
Scales Desktop Dial (HDF) Scheme
Desktop scales. In contrast to the scales of ordinary, the main reference mechanism is the dial and index arrows. Scales have two dials: one is located on the side facing the seller, the other - on the side facing the buyer. Both indicative arrows are rigidly interconnected and moved along the dials under the action of the load. The dial scale has various divisions. The device of dial scales with two platforms is seen from the scheme. Weight pads rest on the load-acting prism 1 of the dual equal depreciation of the main lever 2 and on the other side on the legs 3 and 4, held by the strings 5 \u200b\u200band 6. The foot 3 is connected to the quadrant (counterweight) 8, to which the index arrows of the dial is attached. Under the load-receiving area is placed by the reassureer 9. It is a piston, which, moving in a cylinder filled with oil, slows down the movement of the arrow and reduces the amount of its oscillations. The inhibitory effect of the sedator is adjusted using a cylinder, which is screwed into its socket. Under the girical platform there is a target chamber 10, into which the ballast is poured when adjusting unloaded scales to bring them into balance. Such adjustment is called Tarisation. Screw legs 11 serve to horizontal weighting of the scales. The correct installation is judged by the level of 12 attached to the body. The main lever rests on the pillows located at the rack 13. The scales mechanism is enclosed in a metal casing having glazed windows in the location of the scale. In the preparation of weights to transport, all prisments are derived from contact with pillows with a special insulating screw (stopper). Before the venues there are two ones on one to another clutches that protect the scales from pollution.
On the dial of weights, the highest and lowest load, the name or brand of the manufacturer, the scale number and year of release are indicated.
Two-minded dial scales were the greatest distribution in Soviet trading within the weighing of 2 kg (HDC-2) and 10 kg (HDC-10).
Desktop Country Country Scales
Desktop Country Country Scales differ from the weights of desktop dial with two cargo e.meal devices (two-stage) by the fact that the load exceeding the total value of the dial scale is equalized not only by quadrants of the scales, but also built-in weights superimposed on the hijling shoulder of the rocker by turning the special handle, located outside the scales. Single-faceted desktop dial scales are especially convenient when weighing goods without packaging (fruits, vegetables, etc.), for which there are removable driving devices in the form of a tray. Trays and dials on these weights are advisable to have perpendicular to the rocker.
Desktop scales with a circular dial
Desktop scales with a circular dial. Compared with the weights of the LC type, the scales with a circular dial have operational advantages. The circular dial has several times more general value than the fan-shaped (sector), as a result of which the amount of cargo weighing without the use of weights is proportionally more. The dial index device is the same as in the dial mobile commodity scales.
Desktop scales with a circular dial with a maximum load of 5 kg. The total value of the scale of weights is 1,000 g, the division of 2 g. When weighing the cargo weighing more than 1 kg in special windows, numbers appear "1", when weighing the cargo weighing more than 2 kg numbers appear "2" and so on. Weight value of cargo Determined by the number that appears in the windows and the reading of the arrow on the dial. Scales do not require giri.
Desktop scales with a circular dial with a maximum load of 10 kg. The weight of goods within 10 kg is shown by the arrow of the scales on the scale of the dial. The division of 10 g. There are weights with a circular dial without a weight with a larger load, for example 50 kg. This is carried out by increasing the price of fission. Scales Desktop Dial "Double" are equipped with two venues for overlapping goods and two reference scales applied on one dial. On the "small" scale of the dial designated divisions with a shared value equal to about 1/10 of the total "large" scale. The cargo equal to the weight of no more than 1/10 of the total value of the "large" scale is superimposed on a small scale of the scales, and the value of its weight is displayed by reading the arrow on the corresponding scale of the dial with the price of dividing 1 g. The cargo exceeding 1/10 of the greatest value "large "Dial scales, superimposed on a large scale of the scales, and the value of its weight is displayed on the second scale with a division value of 10 g. The load value exceeds the total value of the" large "scale of the dial, is determined by the number in the dial window and the arrows testimony. These scales replace two scales with various limits of weighing, since it allows you to weigh cargo weighing equal to about 1/200 total "large" dial scales. Scales have built-in overhead weights.
Desktop scales with index scale (without arrows)
Desktop scales with scales, without arrows. A reference index part of the scales is a drum, rotating depending on the weight of the cargo imposed on the scale of the scales. For better review of the digits on the drum, an optical device is used, brightly illuminating the numbers with a special lamp embedded in the scales.
Desktop scales with vertical scale. The scale increases with the optical instrument and has local lighting. The weight is indicated by a red line passing on the scale. The site and the index device of the scales are on the same level, as a result of which they fall simultaneously in the field of view both the seller and the buyer.
Libra dial suspension
Libra dial suspension Convenient on vacation of vegetables, fish and other prod. Goods without packaging. Carrying e.a cup is located below the weight mechanism. Dial bilateral, circular, with uniform divisions. In the USSR, scales were used with the value of the dial scale to 10 kg. The smallest permissible load of 500 g. The price of division of 10 g. Scales are equipped with the sedative of the oscillations of the arrow. The mechanism is closed with a casing, dial glazed. Weighing is made without a weight. Dial index device Similar to the same device of dial mobile weights.
Technical scales
The technical scales according to their device are equal depreciation of fysive scales with suspended cups. Scales of this type are the most accurate of all trading scales. The medium (reference) rocker prism relies on the pillow, reinforced on the column or in a small foundation. At the ends of the rocker, the load-acting prisms are fixed, to which the cups are suspended with gray - one for the weights, and the other for the cargo. The arrow is attached to the rocker, the edge of which is used to indicate equilibrium.
Scales Technical I and II classes with a maximum load over 100 g have a column installed on the supporting board. The column has a plumb in the form of a loader suspended on a lace and an employee to verify the correctness of the weighting of the scales. The position of the scales column is regulated by the rotation of the two front legs of the reference board. The column has a scale, the average division of which indicates the balance of scales, other divisions indicate a deviation from equilibrium. At the ends of the rocker - calibration weightsThrough threads and employees for balancing unloaded scales. In the columns of weights arranged fixture to stop oscillations (arrethir), accelerating the weighing process, as well as preventing scales from fast wear. When weighing on the scales of technical use the weights of the corresponding classes.
Scales Technical I Class I Usually, in order to preserve greater accuracy, it is enclosed in a glazed showcase, protecting them from dust, the effects of temperature changes and air movement. They are used in trade enterprises for weighing gold, platinum, platinum group metals and their alloys, as well as silver in ingots and products. Scales I class I produced with limit loads 20 g, 200 g, 1 kg, 5 kg, 20 kg and 50 kg. The smallest loads for weights I classs are determined depending on the sensitivity of the data of the scales and the required weighing accuracy.
Technical II Scales II
Technical II Scales II Less accurate than technical class I scales. Used to weigh the scrap of products from gold and platinum; silver in products and semi-finished products; semi-precious stones. The technical scales of the technical class II were produced with the highest loads 1 g, 5 g, 20 g, 100 g, 1 kg, 5 kg, 20 kg and 50 kg and with respective low loads 20 mg, 100 mg, 1 g, 5 g, 50 g , 200 g, 1 kg and 2 kg. Scales of technical II classes with limit loads up to 100 g were usually handled: when weighing them, they are kept for the ring of the clock. Such scales are often called pharmacarian. They are equipped with horny or porcelain cups that are sometimes suspended on silk laces. On the rocker, the scales of the technical II classes were applied: a believer mark, the designations of the greatest and lowest limit loads, the manufacturer brand and the factory number. In the grade I grade, the specified designations were applied on a separate plate, reinforced on the support column.
Scales Technical III Class
Analytical scales - The most accurate of technical scales. Applied in trade for weighing precious stones. Made with the highest load until 200 g. These scales mainly correspond to the weights of the technical I class.
Analytical scales
Analytical Weight Scales
Shootlessness
Shootlessness - Unexpose scale manual scales. Shimples are comfortable, easy, do not require weight when weighing. Apply mainly when delivering trading and in trade and procurement operations. Indications are read directly on the scale. When using denunciations usually keep them in hand. Alerts with the highest loads at 10, 20 and 30 kg are available (the latter are designed for weighing leather).
Champion
The shimmers are the first kind lever, the support for which the burr is served, suspended to the handle for which the shoulders are kept when weighing. The hook suspended with the earrings to the load prize is used to hang the cargo, the balancing of which is performed by a mobile weight moved along the scale; Equilibrium is determined by the vertical position of the arrow in the closuit. In some uniforms, instead of a hook on the chain there is a cup. Reliable stigs are applied on a rocker and mobile weight. In addition, the smallest load, the name or brand of the manufacturer and the sequence number is denoted at the rocker.
Commodity scales
Scales Commodity Mobile Neighnings Use when weighing large quantities of goods. In most cases, they have a large, low-positioned platform for weighing cargo and highly located for the convenience of fermenting the rocker with a scale and hyperrilla device.
Scales Commodity Girefish Caps
For the balance of goods on the scales of commercials, overheads of weights or scales with mobile weights are used, as well as dials.
In most parts of the commodity, combined balancing devices are used, such as weights with a hypographer and an additional scale or with a dial and overhead weights. Weight trading scales are arranged in such a way that it is necessary to put smaller weights for the balance of goods on them in weight than the weight of the cargo. This is achieved by the ratio of arm arm and rocker. Mobile stands were produced mainly with utmost loads of 500 and 1000 kg, as well as in 2000 and 3000 kg.
Commodity scales with a hyrioveller. From the non-equal balance with the Hyperager, two types of hundreds of weights had the greatest distribution in the trade (with the ratio of arm arm and rocker 1: 100):
1) with swinging levers and a rocker, suspended on the earrings (WRC);
2) with a swinging platform and a rocker, based on the rack (VSP).
Scheme of commodity scales with a hypographer
Scales of the type type Consist of a wooden or metal frame with swinging pillows at its corners. The cushions are based on the prisms of the levers (usually steel) - large 1 and small 2. The small lever is connected to a large earrings 3. The platform is based on the driving prisms of the levers using pig-iron or steel racks and swinging seagles 4 having cubs. The terminal prism of a large lever is connected by a rocker 5. The latter rests on the prism on the pillow of the fork reinforced on the column. To calibrate unloaded scales, the cargo moved by carving. Scales have arration 6 to stop the rocker fluctuations after weighing. On the rocker, the scale is applied; A mobile weight gain is moved along the rocker, replacing the set of small weights. On the column there is a plumb 8, which serves to verify the correctness of the weighting of the scales. Conditional weights in the form of cylinders with a slot are used for weighing on the hundredthly scales to install them on a hypographer, which has a chamber, which also serves for paying scales. For the storage of weights on the scales, a bracket is arranged, on which the weights are put on with their cutouts. The scope of the weights are applied to the scale of weighing, the ratio of the arm of the levers and the rocker (1: 100), the name or brand of the manufacturer, the scale number and year of release, as well as the test stamp. The limit loads of mobile stands can be viewed in the "Technical characteristics of the most common scales" in this article below.
Safety scales
Safety scales They differ from the drives that the load placed on the platform is balanced by the driving weights moved by rockers.
Scales have two scales: the main one - applied on the surface of the rocker, and additional ones on a special line, rigidly connected with a rocker. An additional scale also has a mobile weight. The top limit of the main scale usually corresponds to the greatest weighing limit set for weight data. The total weight value of the additional scale is equal to the weight value of one division of the main scale. The USSR industry produced several types of product scales. Weight scales with the weighing limit of up to 500 kg and the smallest permissible load of 25 kg. Price division of the main scale of 20 kg, and additional - 100 g.
Scales scale small-sized
Scales are small-sized Have the limits of weighing from 10 to 150 kg. The main scale is up to 140 kg with the price of dividing 10 kg and an additional up to 10 kg with the price of dividing 50 g. Scales and a ruler with an additional scale are located on the front wall of the frame. Scales do not have a column than also differ from the weights of commercial ordinary-mobile. Small-sized scales were convenient for transportation and use during procurement operations.
Salary scales small
Small products small There are weighing limits from 2.5 to 50.0 kg, the device does not differ from the scales of trading scales with a larger load. Due to small sizes, these scales for ease of use were installed on the table or counter. The main scale is up to 50 kg with a division of 2 kg, an additional scale of up to 2 kg with a division of 10 g. Web successfully could be used in stores when checking the weight of goods coming from the warehouse, as well as when removing trade residues.
Country scales
Cyberbate mobile scales VTSP-500 and WCP-3. Laid loads are shown in the table below. Weight value of the price of division of WCP-500 scales - 0.5 kg. The weight of the cargo is determined by the readings of the arrow on the dial, without the use of weights. Weight value of the price of division of WCP-3 scales - 1 kg. The weight of the cargo to 1000 kg is determined by the readings of the arrow on the dial. When weighing the cargo over 1000 kg, its weight is determined using the weights imposed on the intermediate mechanism lever, and the arrows readings. The scales of the ICP-500 consist of three main mechanisms: a dial sample device, an intermediate lever and a load-recepary part. A circular dial-dial device is based on the use of two symmetrically arranged levers of the first kind - quadrants, each of which on one of the shoulders has a permanent cargo-counterweight, deviating from the vertical position under the action of an effort from the weighed cargo applied to another lever shoulder. The driving thrust is suspended with two symmetrically located pendulums using metal ribbons that envelm airfractors of counterweights. Pendulists are attached to the head housing also with ribbons that are fixed in the support sectors of the counterweights. The reference sectors are based on ribbons to vertical guides. A frame of the pendulum counterweight is hingedly attached a frame at which the rail is fixed with a lamellar spring, linked with a gear planted on the axis of the index arrow. The dial countdown is a weight measuring device with a maximum load of 10 kg. Load weights causes a deviation of pendulum counterweights, rolling along vertical guides. The movement of pendulum counterweight is converted by rail and gears to the angular movement of the index arrow. The intermediate lever mechanism is used to create the required relationship: it consists of two second-sort levers. The lower lever is connected with the end prism of a large load-receiving (subtraftform) lever. The upper lever is associated with the cargo handy of the head and is used to mount the cargo - the container regulator of the weight mechanism; The lever through the stem is connected to the piston of liquid sedative. In addition, a ruler of the device for balancing the container is attached to the top lever.
The driving part is a platform based on subdraft (load acceptance) levers suspended to the scales with seg. The housing consists of a frame and a column, the upper part of which serves as a casing of the intermediate lever mechanism. Scales are equipped arretar, locking the upper lever of the intermediate mechanism, and arrethirs, employees to secure pendulum counterweights in order to protect the dial head from damage when weighing weights. To control the correct installation of the scales on them, a cylindrical level is strengthened. The VLP can be equipped with a printing mechanism, as well as conveyors. The dial is denoted by the name or brand of the manufacturer, utmost loads, the price of division, the type of weights, the factory number of the scales and the year of release.
Dial trading scales (some kind of double system nevertheless)
Automobile and car scales
Automobile scales
Automobile scales
Automotive scales and age Applied in trading databases. On these weights, loads are weighed with a car or with a wagon. Scales can be portable and stationary. Automotive scales are usually fixed. Installing them is made on a solid foundation in specially dilated pitchers. Stationary scales are manufactured by sets and are collected at the installation site. In such weights, several platform levers are connected to each other and transmit the load with a special gear lever connected to the load. Total ratio The shoulders are taken equal to 1: 200, 1: 500, 1: 1000, etc. Scales are supplied with arration, less often is arab. On the rocker of weights with a hypographer is indicated by the ratio of shoulders, the limits of weighing, the name or brand of the manufacturer, the ordinal name and year of release. The branding of the scales is made on the spot after their testing and verification.
Libra Automotive stationary since the fifties produced three types: a-10 with limit loads 250 kg and 10 tons, with the price of dividing the main scale of 500 kg and an additional scale of 2 kg; A-25 with a maximum load of 25 tons, with the price of dividing 500 kg and 5 kg; A-25K with a maximum load of 25 tons, with the price of dividing 1 t and 5 kg. Indexing devices on the scales A-10, A-25 and A-25K - the rocker of the scale. Industry in the fighting half of the fifties is prepared for serial release Type of automotive mobile scales, moving by the auto motor or tractor-tractor. Automotive scales were supplied with a dial reference device and a printing mechanism.
Wagon scales (locomotive)
Wagon scales. Double wagon scales BB-100 are designed for weighing J.-D. carriages of normal rut. Applied on J.-D. paths and branches of industrial and trading enterprises. The limit load is 100 tons. Stationary scales are installed on the foundation, have two consistently located platforms. The index device-breeding device of the scale with the price of dividing the main scale 1 ton and an additional 5 kg or the dial countdown.
Farm Stationary Scales (Scheme)
The system of state supervision for the correct use of weights
For the purposes of uniformity, loyalty and proper use of weighing instruments, Soviet legislation has created a special procedure for their production. The system of state, departmental and public surveillance was also established for the correctness of the use of scales. State supervision of weights metering devices was entrusted to the standards committee, measures and measuring instruments at the Council of Ministers of the USSR. The Committee had authorized under the Council of Ministers of Union and Autonomous Repubies, regional and regional executive committees of the Councils of Workers Deputies. In the conduct of the Commissioners consisted of special state beliefs, which carried out compulsory government calibises and the branding of the weights meters.
Departmental supervision in the system of the USSR Ministry of Commerce was entrusted to the relevant management and departments of the central office of the Ministry, its main departments and the All-Union Office, on the Office and Departments of the Ministry of the Trade of the Federal Republic of Allied Republics; In trade organizations - on specially dedicated persons, in commerce and catering enterprises - by directors or their deputies.
The correctness of use by weight measuring devices in trading enterprises, as well as their health, in addition to the bodies of the Committee and authorized employees of trade organizations, had the right to check the police, the State Trade Inspectorate of the USSR Ministry of Commerce and Public Controls.
Technical characteristics of the most common trading scales
Weighing instruments used in trade were subject to mandatory state calibration and crossing once every 2 years, as well as after capital and mid-repair, regardless of the period of state calibration. The commercial enterprise was obliged to conduct operational passports for every weight experienced by him. Passports in the fifties were conducted in shape number 11, introduced by order of the USSR Ministry of Commerce No. 991 from 1 / XII 1950 in coordination with the Committee of Standards, measures and measuring instruments at the Council of Ministers of the USSR.
funtofil. In the scales of desktop dials (HDC), trading scales (WTC)The most common trading scales in the USSR
Gorsky-Chernyshev Nikolai Andreevich (Russia, 1964) "It was recent - it was a long time ago" 1990.jpg 
Photo from Ineta.
A.Lobov. Photo from Ineta.
Scales "Tyumen". Photo from Ineta.
The scales made on the Tyumen instrument-making plant became one of the symbols of the USSR. They were released since 1959. The last copy was collected only a few years ago - in 2012. On this half a century era of the scales "Tyumen" ended. Today they can only be found in small shops and rare institutions.
The history of the scales "Tyumen" originates since 1959. In the first year, the local instrument-making plant has released 2160 copies. The scales from the first days began to be very popular - they were practical, stable design, kept the heat and frosts (worked at a temperature of -20 degrees to +50). Legends can be seen on the quality of weights: some copies released in the middle of the last century still work.
Balabin Alexander Fedorovich (Russia, 1922-1977) "Kurskiy Antonovka" 1963
In 1978, the plant released the first million scales, in 1994 - the second million. On the this moment There are more than 2.2 million copies throughout Russia (and not only - scales exported even to Africa).
Saifutdinov Anvar Kamilevich (Russia, 1962) "In the kiosk. Great Ustyug "1987
On this era of legendary scales ended. But, despite the widespread electronic devices, the scales "Tyumen" can still be seen in hospitals: they weigh portions for patients.
Kor Aba Maksovich (Russia, 1923-2007) "Leningrad. Street trade »1970s
Moiseenko Evsey Evseevich (Russia, 1916-1988) "For the Council"
Roginsky Mikhail Alexandrovich (Russia, 1931-2004) "In the meat department" 1981
Zharivova Eleonora Alexandrovna (Russia, .1934) "Meat sellers" 1960
Sawfertis Leonid Vladimirovich (Russia, 1911 - 1996) "Sale of Apples" 1971
Bob Scott North Kerry
Scales desktop dials. Weight. VN-10Ц13U (Fig. 155), lever-mechanical desktop, dial with visual local readings are intended for weighing goods weighing from 100 g to 10 kg. The mass of the anti-one acting on one shoulder of the rocker is determined by the angle of deflection of the rocker from the position of the initial equilibrium. The weighing results of up to 1 kg are determined by the expirations of the arrow on the dial and above - according to the expirations of the arrow on the dial and weight of the weight of the girome.
. Fig 155. General view and structure of the weight structure of desktop dials. VN-IOCOMIUM: 1 - Platform for Giri 2 - Most Drive Platform 3 - Platform Barrier;
4 - Pillows 5-rocke B - rods; 7-Planks 8 - quadrant traction, 9 - quadrant, 10 - arrows dial, 11 - dial, 12 - dial scale, 13 - Oil brake, 14 - Camera Camera RNA Prism, 16 - Pillow pillow Prism, 17 - Screw legs 18 - level
The lever mechanism of weight consists of the main lever, two upper levers (guided and cargo) and quadrant. The upper levers are contained in the desired position is slender (parallel traction). Weighs are connected to each other. The dial has a two-way sector scale. Two paired arrows are fixed to quadrant, which serve to refer to readings on the dial scales facing the seller and this purchase. Scales have a calm of the oscillations of the arrow contained under the commodity platform. The rod of the piston of the oscillations is hinged with the driving lever.
The campaign is a target chamber for taking unloaded scales after their horizontal installation. For the horizontal installation of the scales, the level and legs are served, rotating fixing the lock nuts.
The weight mechanism is closed with a metal casing, which is pulled by the control screw, and the window of the dial is glazed. During transportation and transfer, the weight mechanism is fixed by a locking screw
Weighing goods within the testimony of the scale of the dial is provided by the first kind of crankshaft, which has a permanent cargo on one shoulder - counterweight, deviates under the action of gravity, an example. Deno to the second short shoulder. The deviation of the crankshaft does not go beyond the borders of the quarter of the circle and therefore called the quadrant.
The greatest weighing limit is 10, the smallest - 0.1 kg. The price of the smallest division is 5 g. The largest value of the dial scale is 1 kg. Cargo sizes: 265 x 280 mm. Overall weight sizes: 580 x 28 80 x 680 mm, weight - 22 K2 kg.
Weight. VN-ZTS13U Desktop lever cartial with single-widdle balasting device The trocomesector is designed for weighing goods mass from 40 to 3000 g. The principle of operation of the weight is based on a automatic balancing of the quadrant cargo mass meter on a cargo platform, which relies on the loading lever, lies at one end of the main lever . The second end of the head of the oily lever with the cargo balances the weight system into the original position.
The weight consists of a load-receiving platform, load-receiving and intermediate lever mechanisms, a dial pointer, arrethir, a tariff-compensation device with a handle, level and oil in the sedator. The quadrant is connected to the arrows not rigidly, but through the gear gear. Thanks to this, the arrow fixes the weight of the cargo on the circular scale, which allows you to accurately carry out measurements. Tarot compensation attor weight consists of a spiral spring, which is connected to the driving lever. With the help of a tatar compensator from the testimony of weights, the mass of containers is removed (up to 400 g). To lock the lever systems and is applied during transport. Alenetreter.
The highest weighing limit is 3, the smallest - 0.04 kg. The number of divisions of the Taroto compensator scale - 80, the division price - 5 g. Overall weight sizes: 580 x 290 x 710 mm, weight - 25 kg
. Fig 156. General view and structure of the structure of the dial tray weight:
a-general view, circuit diagram of a dial page-showing device: 1 - hull, 2 - frame, 3 - cargo-receiving steel tape; 4-9 - quadrant, 5 - support steel tape B - Dial scale, 7 - - Arrow, 8 - Planck, 10 - gear, 11 - Rake, 12 - Soothing of oscillations; 13-cray
Weight. VTCL-10 (Fig. 156) The lever-mechanical dial tray with visual local readings can be suspended or installed on the counter. It is intended for weighing vegetables and fruit weighing from 500 g to 10 kg. It consists of a load-drawn tray, a dial quadrant pointer, a double-sided circular scale and arrows from the seller and the buyer, lever, racks and suspension with a tray to conclude goods. Before conclusion of goods in the weight tray, turn the arretic handle counterclockwise. After concluding the goods, the arretir is discovered and determine the mass of the goods will be released by the tray from the goods because of its slice of Nakhil.
The largest weighing limit is 10, the smallest - 0.5 kg. Dial diameter - 400 mm. The number of division divisions of the dial - 1000, the division price is 0.01 kg. Overall weight sizes: 810 x 420 x 1010 mm, weight - - 50 kg.
Desktop electronic scales (Fig. 157, 158). Weight 1261. VN-ZTST (Fig. 157) Electronic desktop dials with visual local readings are intended for automatic determination of the mass and value of the outskirts. Weight can be used at preliminary packaging of products, for trade in goods that are sold individually (bird, rabbits) both independently and in a complex with a block of information and bleko-printing devices.
. Fig 157. General weight type 1261. VN-ZTST
1 - Loading and reception area 2 - base 3 - installation leg 4 - level, 5 - adjustment legs, 6 - cable; 7-console, 8 - case, 9 - table prices, 10 - scoreboard, 11 Avici input price, 13 - Price reset keys; 14 - Kor Key, 15 - Key "On"
The main assemblies of weight 1261. VN-ZTST is a lever weight mechanism with vibrobrian power converter (sensor), a load-receiving area, a block of stabilization, a price input mechanism, bilateral in line. Tablo prices, mass, cost.
The lever mechanism consists of the main and two auxiliary non-rigorous levers, which, with the help of the legs, relieve a commodity area. The main lever is connected to the vibrobrian sensor. On the right on the gravity housing is the key removable remote. It contains the price input keys (Capacity from 0 to 9), the "C" key to reset the price testimony, the "On" key to turn on the weight into operation and turn off the "Cor" key for tarot compensation. Taro-compensator is used if it is necessary to obtain a clean mass of the Celebration.
The body weight relies on three legs, two of which are screw and serve to establish gravity in a horizontal position (by level)
The principle of weight is consigned to automatically convert the force of the weighed goods into the number-pulse signal and transmission of digital mass values \u200b\u200band the cost of obtained in the electronic unit, on the Tab BLO digital pointer.
. Fig 158. Scales:
a, B - with the seal of labels for packing products (printing of the mass of the mass, prices, etc.) in _ laboratory (overall dimensions of 235 x 250) M - trade (s. Calculation and programming, summation of variety of purchase, calculation of delivery)
The electronic weight circuit is made on the integral elements, the use of the strength converter in combination with vibrochasts and using the price of sealed contacts to the input device (Wine A) provides compactness, high performance and reliability of scales.
The highest weighing limit is 3, the smallest - 0.04 kg. Tara mass compensation range - up to 0.5 kg, mass discreteness - 1 g, cost - 1 kopecks. The measurement time of the mass and calculation of the cost is 1 C, vein veined from a single-phase alternating current network with a frequency of 50. Hz voltage 220. B. Overall dimensions: 505 x 405 x 605, mass 40. KG.
Mobile trade scales. Weight. VP-500G13 (Fig. 159) A lever-mechanical mobile scale-grease with visual local readings with a platform swinging, and a rink fistened. The weight is designed for weighing goods in warehouses and in stores weighing up to 500 kg and built on the principle of use of the system of non-iristent levers. Scales have the ratio of the shoulders of the levers 1: 100 and T M are called hundredths.
. Fig 159. Circuit breach of commodity weight:
1 - Large Pidlatformoviy lever 2 - Small Pidlalatformovye lever:. C - connecting earring 4 - suspension, 5 - traction, 6 - rocker, 7 - arrethir, 8 - mobile weight, 9 - target device, 10 -. Giri Etymach, 11 - support prism, 12 - plank with a hole for the finger of weights of weights
The weight mechanism consists of the following main parts: frame and platform; big and small load-receiving levers; rocker with a scale, guitarim, arrethir; Speakers and thrust connecting to the platform of the Ove levers with a rocker.
The weight of the cargo is determined by the addition of the weight of the weight of the hyretropics and the scales. The greatest limit of weighing is 500, the smallest - 25 kg. The greatest value of the scale of the rocker is 10 kg, the price of dividing the scale is 0.1 to kg. Overall weight sizes: 1045x828x1375 mm, weight - 129 kg.
Automotive scales. Weight. SU-30TS24As (Fig. 1510) The lever-mechanical stationary dial with a documented remote reference registration is designed for weighing cargo weighing from 1.5 to 30 tons, which is transported by vehicles with stopping on Vanzhoprhimalin Plaofforms.
. Fig 1510. Automotive scales. Sun-30ts24As:
1 - load-receiving device 2 - Showing device with a scale of 3 - Handle for imposing weights
When weighing goods weighing above 10 tons, two built-in overhead hyris are used. When weighing the cargo from 10 to 20 T, one weighting is superimposed, and more than 20 tons - both Giri. Giri are superimposed. Turn the handle. As a result of the imposition or removal of the weight in the scale of the scale, the number is set to the conditional mass of the hygir.
The main weights of the weight is the weighting device of the Showers and the Record. The composition of the weight device includes a load-receiving device and the weighting mechanism of the load-receiving device of the javal blame with a steel structure with wooden flooring and asphalt plates.
The weight lever mechanism consists of interconnected among the levers of the first and second kind, we rest on the pillows of the racks. The weighty lever mechanism is connected to the Showers of the prol.
Showers The device serves to automatically balancing the cargo placed on the load-receiving device, determining its mass on the dial scale and issuing signals to the registration console
The principle of the scale of the scale is based on the use of two quadrants, which are symmetrically susceptible on the tape supports of the moment, is created by the weight of the weight of the cargo, is balanced by the moment from the counterbalance of the quadrants. Each load corresponds to a certain position of the quadrants, and consequently, the position of the arrow of the scale of the scale.
The case from the front side is closed with glass, and with a reverse - lid. On the same axis with the arrow of the scale of the scale, the disk with twelve tracks is fixed. On each track in a certain order, PA Ase (transparent sites) and performances (opaque sites) are placed, and the groove is the unit code, the speech is zero. Thus, the disk contains the number in a special cyclic code, corresponding to the numbers of the tons of a tonne system from 0 to 1000. The thirteenth, extreme, the disk track is used to control the moment the transfer of information (soothe) of the movable system of weighing.
the read sensor is the photodiodes located along the disc, which form a photo sensor unit. The latter is designed to convert the light signal of the coded element to electrical and transmit it to the encoder.
The encoder serves to convert conversion signals of photodiodes into certain combinations, convenient for further operating them. The information on the encoder is transmitted to the decoder into the reading scheme and the email of the recording machine, which also receive additional data (date, vehicle number).
In the event of a weight malfunction or its overload turns on sound alarm
The greatest weighing limit is. ZO, the smallest - 1.5 tons. Price division scale -10 kg. A device for reading the results of weighing photoelectric, non-contact. Encoder and decoder - relay type of power supply from a single-phase alternating current network with a frequency of 50. Hz voltage 220.V. Dimensions of a load-receiving device 12 x 3 m, weight weight - 3558 k58 kg.
Install the scales in a horizontal position on a durable, unusability surface. Direct air flows from fans should not fall on the scales. The room temperature should be from 10 to 40 ° C, relative humidity no more than 80%.
Scales consist of a load receipted platform 1, weight device 2, two blocks of display with fluorescent lamps 3, electronic unit 4, three adjusting legs 5, level 6 (right from weights), casmodes price 7, buttons "Tara" 8, Network Tumbler 9, connectors 10, 11 to connect the registering device of the RU-ZC, the remote control panel.
The principle of scales is the automatic transformation of the gravity of the load into electrical signals, proportional mass of the cargo. The weight device varies the measured cargo mass at the specified price. The measurement and calculation result is displayed on the digital display board and the output connector to the RU-ZC.
The indication unit can be installed at different angles, multiple 90 °, with respect to the weighting device. The "container" button serves to correct the mass of the packaging with an unloaded groa-zoom site or if there is containers on it.
Preparation for work is as follows. Weighing scales using screw legs in terms of level. Connect the scales to the power grid, include the "Network" toggle switch, press the "Tara" button and are convinced of the presence of zero mass indicators. Press the "Tara" button again.
Before weighing, the price is set, starting with the older discharge. Place the cargo and count the mass and cost. When weighing the cargo in the container, the mass of the container is pre-compensated. The scoreboard should be zeros. When removing from the load-receiving area, the container on the scoreboard is highlighted by the value of its mass with a minus sign.
Before weighing each new product, you must press the "C" button ("Reset") and install new price. At the end of the shift, it is necessary to turn off the scales of the "Network" toggle switch and remove the plug from the outlet.
Scales shopping tensal strain gauges VTNT (Fig. 4.11) are intended for weighing various food and non-food products. Scales can be operated both autonomously and as part of automated trading and industrial systems. High reliability and maintainability is maintained by an automatic testing system that diagnoses weight gains when power is turned on.
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Tensometric measurement principle, use of microprocessor equipment for information processing and flexible software guarantee high weighing accuracy and a large set of user functions, in particular: input and memorization of up to 40 prices, which are stored in memory for up to 2 years; any of the prices is called by pressing one or two keys; There is a built-in calculator; accumulation and storage of purchases at each price of sold goods and, if necessary, their output to the scoreboard or to print; Weighing in pieces; Determination of the number of identical piece goods.
Scales have the ability to work together with a computer, cash register, printer. The main technical characteristics of TNT weights are shown in Table 4.1.
Table 4.1. Specifications Weighs VTNT
Scales consist of the following main nodes: a power measuring, including an elastic element with a strain gauge sensor, a controller card, keyboard, power cards, a level ampoules (under the casing) and 2 indication boards.
The principle of scales is based on the transformation of the mass of the weight of the weighed cargo to the suslation of the sensor into an electrical signal, proportional to the measured mass. The controller board is used to enhance and convert an analog signal generated by the sensor into digital form, conducting computing operations associated with weighing and managing the operation of all major assemblies.
The body of the scales consists of cast bases and covers. On the two screws of the top cover set fillings of the manufacturer and the dospital. At the bottom of the cast base of the case there is an emphasis that limits the deflection of the elastic element with the sensor.
Display fees have two liquid crystal indicators that serve to indicate the mass, price and cost of goods. The keyboard board contains 30 keys and is conditionally divided into 3 functional fields (Table 4.2): the base field, the digital keyboard and the service keyfield. On the service keyboard, the weighing process control keys are located. The digital keyboard field is intended for a set of prices of goods, the field of basic goods - for operations with base goods.
Table 4.2 The main keys and the functions of strain gauges
Key designation |
Title key |
Functions performed when pressing |
Sampling Tara mass |
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Zeroing |
Correction of unloaded weights |
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Log in to memorize the price of basic goods |
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Reset price goods |
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Summation |
Summation of the cost of goods |
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Output amount |
Withdrawal of the total value of goods on indicators |
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Introduction of the type of base goods in memory of the scales |
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Transition to another basic goods register |
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Basic product number |
Conclusion to indicator Price price base goods |
When preparing for work, it is necessary to conduct an external examination of the scales: to be visually verified in the absence of external damage to the housing, keyboard, level ampoules, indicators. Install them on a flat horizontal surface and exemplary with the help of rotating legs, after removing the casing from the load-receiving device. Turn on the switch on the left side of the scales or DC sources. After passing the test on the indicator, the mass will be indicated by the zero point of mass.
Scales shopping tables VE-15T (Fig. 4.12). High technical and operational characteristics provide a built-in microprocessor with specially developed programs. Scales consist of a weighing device and an indication device. The weighing device includes: platform with a fencing, housing, a power switch, an output interface connector, legs for controlling the level of scales, an ampoule of a level, a socket for connecting the display device.
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The principle of operation of the scales is based on the transformation of the deformation of the sensitive element arising from the weight of the weight of weighing cargo into an analog electrical signal, transforming it into a digital form and the subsequent digital processing on a single-chip compartment with the resulting result on the "mass", "price", "cost "And on the output connector of the interface.
Scales allow: weigh the goods weighing up to 15 kg; Determine the cost of goods to 9999 rubles. 99 kopecks. (6 characters); memorize the price for seven types of goods; compensate for a mass of containers up to 6 kg; determine the cost of piece goods; identify the total value of goods; calculate the surrender; Work together with the cashier.
The indication device includes: Keyboard, structurally equally executed by the scoreboard shoppers, including the indicators "Mass", "price", "cost". The keyboard is divided into the main (located under the "cost" indicator) and an additional (under the "price" indicator).
Keyboard and indicators (Fig. 4.13):
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The "Mass" indicator shows a mass or number of piece goods or surrender;
The "price" indicator shows the price or amount obtained from the buyer;
The "Cost" indicator shows the cost of goods;
The "Communication Memory" indicator is located at the first discharge of the "cost" indicator in the form of a point. Begins to flash when the "Plus" key is pressed, which means the introduction of information from the "Cost" indicator into the memory register;
Key "M". Memory mode is used to log in to the storage mode of one of the seven memory cells;
Memory keys from 1 to 7 are used to enter the memory and output to the price indicator;
Input keys are used to enter: prices, number of piece goods; Amounts received from the buyer. The "Double zero" key is used to enter two zeros at the same time, which speeds up a set of numeric values;
The Reset key is used to reset the indications on the "price" and "cost" indicators;
The "Pieces" key is used to enter the cost of calculating the cost of piece goods;
The "amount" key is used to summarize and simultaneously to enter the calculation mode;
The Plus key is used to addition the cost of purchases and at the same time entering this cost into the memory register;
The "Tara" key is used to compensate for the mass of containers and reset the testimony on the "Mass" indicator.
Electronic trading scales LP Designed for use on trading and catering facilities, as well as for manual packaging of products. Scales can also be applied in other sectors of the national economy. Scales platform made of stainless steel for food products. Figure 4.14. A general type of LP-06, LP-15, LP-30 models are presented.
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Scales have the following basic functions:
The price keys allow you to call frequently used information from the scales;
Scales can be used to print or without barcode labels, as well as as countable scales (summation of the cost of purchasing from weight and piece goods);
There is a dock with a computer;
Programmable Product Information: Product Name, price, Shelf life, Product weight, Number and code, Product type, Group code, Additional posts;
Scales are used to take into account the goods in the store, it is planned to summarize selling in various goods and in all together;
Direct and address memory for storing product data;
Calculation of the delivery, summing up sales of goods per day, for each type of goods on the display or in printed form;
Payment compensation containers from weighing range;
Automatic Calibration of the gain and automatic zero setting.
Table 4.3. The technical characteristics of LP scales are given.
Scales should be installed on a flat fixed surface, without making it difficult to buyers from the display and platform. They are connected to the network, followed by turning on the toggler, while they are tested with sequential search on all discharge indicators from 0 to 9. The test is terminated by a sound signal.
Table 4.3 Technical characteristics of LP scales
Scales shopping desktop types PV Constructively consist of a weighing device, a load receipted platform, control panel. At the base of the scales there is a rolled cord, a network layer button, a fuse holder, a dummy seal and a manufacturer seal, a connector for connecting external devices and installation legs. The scales control panel includes: a level indicator, the "T" button (packag), the "O" button, a six-digit digital indicator, additional indicators of zero load on scales and calibration mode.
Scales are installed on a steady base that is not subject to vibrations, the platform and weighed goods should not touch the network cord or other foreign objects. The horizontal position of the scales is checked through the ampoule of the level, and their alignment is performed by adjusting legs. The order of weighing and the nature of the working operations performed on electronic scales depends on the type of their use (packing of goods, work with the dispenser, selling goods from a push, working with an external device or without it, etc.).
The technical characteristics of PV scales are shown in Table 4.4.
Trading scales Table BP-1038 Can be used for weighing goods and automatic determination when weighing their mass and cost, with a printing of a check and an indication of the following details: price per 1 kg, the mass of goods, the cost of a plumb. Modern integrated circuits are used in the design of the scales, contactless switches that ensure high weight reliability and weighing speed.
Scales consist of: a load-receiving device (commodity platform based on the lever mechanism) consisting of the main and two auxiliary non-equal control levers. The main lever is connected to a vibrofal sensor transforming an effort from weighing the goods into an electric signal. The indication unit is a double-sided indicator consisting of digital scoreboards: cost, weight, price per 1 kg.
The remote control (keyboard) with digital keys from 0 to 9, designed to set the price per 1 kg, and the "C" key to reset the recruit price. Using adjusting legs, installation of weights in terms of level is made. The "Tara" button is used to set up zero testimony with an empty load receipt platform and tara weight compensation.
When preparing for work, it is necessary to check the installation of weights in terms of level. If necessary, the rotation of the adjusting legs to set the scales so that the air bubble is located in the center of the level ampoule. Switch "Network" (toggle switch) Install in the off position, insert the power plug into the power outlet. Turn on the toggle switch, the reading devices of the observation unit on both sides are started on the indicator. If the weight readings are different from zero, press the "Tara" button.
Electronic trading scales with autonomous food are designed to provide exit trade, as well as in places where there is no continuous supply of electricity. Bilateral digital indication of the mass, price and value of the weighed goods are provided. Specially designed liquid crystal indicators are used, providing the ability to work from -10 to +40 ° C.
The largest weighing limit is 6 kg, the smallest weighing limit is 0.04 kg, the discreteness of the reference is 2 g, the overall dimensions - 320x440x 125 mm. A specially built-in autonomous power supply provides uninterrupted operation within 40 hours without connecting to the power grid.
The classification of weights is carried out on various features, but the most common of them are:
· Place and method for installing scales;
· View of the index device;
· View of readings;
· Method of removal of readings;
· Construction of a weighing device.
At the place and method of installation Scales are divided into desktop, mobile and stationary.
To desktop Painfacing scales are ordinary, closed, dial, tray and electronic. They are installed on the counter or desktop. These scales are designed for weighing goods from 20 g to 20 kg. Desktop scales are mainly used in stores for pre-facility or goods buyers.
To mobile Refines platform scales. They are intended for weighing large cargo. Install them on the floor, and if necessary, move to places of reception and vacation of goods.
Stationary scales Install on a permanent place in a special recess. Weighing platform must be at the floor level, which facilitates the weighing process. On these weights, you can weigh the cargo along with the cart. Mobile stationary scales call more trade. Stationary also include automotive and wagon scales.
By type of index (countable) device Tar, wardrobe, dial and digital electronic scales are distinguished. On the weightless weights, a mass of suspended goods is determined by calculating the mass of imposed Giri; on the scales - folding the values \u200b\u200bof the scale at the location of the moving built-in weights; On the scale-girome - by the value of the weight, located on the honey-holder, and the scale of the rocker, according to which a mobile weight gyry is moved to achieve equilibrium. On the dial scales on a scale determine the mass of goods when weighing within the scale. If the weight of the goods exceeds the value of the scale, it is determined by summing up the total weight of the weight of the garrium and the testimony of the dial scale. On electronic scales, when placing a product on a lifting device on a digital scoreboard, the numbers showing the price of 1 kg, its mass and cost.
By species of reference testing of weighing :
1. Visual count;
2. Documentary countdown.
With a visual countdown, the employee reads the testimony with the scoreboard scoreboard or calculates weight weight. On scales with documentary registration, the mass value and the cost of goods are printed on checks and ribbons.
By way of removing the testimony:
1. Scales with a local way of removing the testimony (the employee is at the scales);
2. Remote (the employee is at a distance) with the way of removing the testimony.
By the design of the weighing device Split lever and electronic scales.
Lever arm- This is a hard rod having a plot point and the point of the application of the forces. The levers are equal and inequencing. At the equal departure lever, the application points are at an equal distance from the point of the support. To achieve equilibrium on both shoulders, you need to act the same mass of the weight and cargo. Such levers are used in scales with a small weighing limit.
For every scales and a set of weights there is a passport, which indicates the system of scales, factory number, carrying capacity, commissioning date, mention date (if they were repaired) and the number of accompanying weights.
According to the current standard, the life of lever scales is 15 years old, optical - 10, electronic - 6 years.
To characterize the main technical and operational features of various types and models of scales. alphanumedigital indexation with the following notation:
· Device of weights: T - electron-strain gauge, p - lever;
· Method of installation on site: H - desktop, C - stationary, n - mobile;
· The highest weighing limit: 2, 10, 150, 500, etc. up to 1000 - in kilograms, and over - in tons;
· Type of an index reading device: g - girny, W - walkers, C - dial;
· View of the reference and method of removing weighing testimony: 1 - visual, 2 - documented, 3 - local, 4 - remote;
· Property area: A - automotive, in - carriage.
Requirements for weights.
Supervision and control over the right use of measures and measuring instruments are carried out by state and departmental services endowed with relevant rights and obligations.
The state supervision of the weight-measuring equipment is carried out by standardization centers, metrology and certification of the State Committee on Standardization of the Republic of Belarus, operating on the basis of the laws of the Republic of Belarus "On Standardization", "On Consumer Rights Protection", "On Certification of Products and Services", "On ensuring the unity of measurements "
Metrological, trade and operational, aesthetic, economic and sanitary and hygiene requirements are imposed on the weighting devices.
Basic metrological requirements are the accuracy of weighing, stability, sensitivity and constancy.
Accuracy weighing - This is a property of weights to test the mass with a deviation from the actual value within the permissible error. The magnitude of the permissible errors depends on the largest weighing limit and on the weighing intervals. The permissible errors are set when the weights are calibrated, i.e. When comparing the testimony of the resulting scales with the testimony of exemplary scales, and not when weighing goods.
Sustainability - The property of weights when you derive from equilibrium states yourself after some oscillations return to the original position.
Sensitivity - The property of the scales to leave the state of equilibrium with a minor change in the mass of goods located at points of the application of forces. Scales are considered sensitive if this difference does not exceed the permissible error.
The sensitivity of the dial weights on the entire weight weighing range should be such that the change in the mass of the weight of the weight of the load by value equal to the division of the dial pointer caused the arrow offset to one division of the scale.
The sensitivity of electronic scales is equal to their discreteness of the mass indication - 1g.
Constancy of testimony - Property of weights with multiple weighing of the same cargo (regardless of location on the load-receiving device) to give the same indications. The resulting deviation of the testimony is called variation, the value of which should be within the permissible error.
TO trade and operational and sanitary and hygienic requirements The strength of the scales, the maximum weighing speed, clarity of the testimony, the correspondence of the appointment of the weights weighing the weighable goods, ease of care for weights and so on.
Strength weights - Their ability to maintain all metrological requirements for a long time. Strength, i.e. reliability and durability depends on the quality of the material from which scales are made.
The maximum weighing rate is achieved by their corresponding design. The faster the scales come to balance after laying the cargo, the greater the speed of weighing.
Visuality of the testimony is provided by the design of indicative devices that allow the seller and the buyer to see the result of weighing. E-scales have high speed and good idea of \u200b\u200bweighing.
Sanitary-hygienic requirements provide for the manufacture of scales from neutral with respect to weighed goods and environment Materials. The design of the scales and finishing of the surfaces of parts should allow them to be easily clean and washed.
Mechanical scales
Desktop scales produced with the greatest limits of weighing 2; 3 and 10 kg. Such scales are widely used at catering and trading enterprises, since when weighing goods within the scale, there are no weights, they quickly come to the equilibrium state, and the two-way dial allows the seller and to see the result of weighing.
Currently common scales pH-10c1 3.
Scales consist of a lifting device with two platforms - small girny and large cargo. The main part of the scales is chief Equipment Leverconsisting of two identical arcuate bands. In the center of the main lever there are two support prismsWith the help of which it relies on the pillows mounted in the body of the scales. At the ends of the lever are located four load receipts prismsFor which the larger lever is based on one side, and on the other hand, the cargo lever. Girk and cargo levers are held from tipping with parallel strips - strips, hinged attached to the body of the scales. Cargo lever with thrust is connected to a quadrant. Quadrantit is a non-equal control of the crankshaft, which, using a support prism and pillows, mounted in the bracket, rotates freely. Two strictly parallel arrows are attached to the quadrant, located opposite the scale. Under the weighting platform there is a target camera with multiple (fraction, sawdust), which serves to install the arrows in the zero position. Under the cargo platform there is an oil sedator to regulate the number of oscillations of the arrow. To control the accuracy of the horizontal installation, the scales are equipped with a liquid level, which is a hermetic ampoule, in which an alcohol with an air bubble is located. The level is closed by the window, on the surface of which a circle is located. With a strictly horizontal installation of weights, the air bubble must be located in the center of the circle. The body of the scales is installed on four screw legs with lock nuts. On the dial of weights caused a scale with divisions, as well as the limits of weighing, the price of division, type of weights, the name of the manufacturer, trademark, the standard number, the factory number and year of release. The scales of pH-10c13 have a scale with divisions from 0 to 1000 g, the price of division is 5 g, the upper limit of weighing is 10 kg.