The treatment of which organs is the urologist. What does the urologist treat men and women? What is the female specialist

Surely every representative of the strong floor at least once in his life was at the urologist. However, far from everyone knows, how long does the urrogs do? This question is definitely requires detailed consideration.

Doctor - urologist: what he does

If you ask a simple alignment: "What are urologists treat?", Of course, he can give such an answer: "Men's diseases". For the sake of justice, it should be noted that the point of view is so common today is erroneous. The patients of the above specialists may not be men, but also women, as well as children.

And yet, what do urology treat? In its "interests" - a whole range of diseases of the organs of the urogenital and reproductive systems of the human body.

If we talk about urology as a whole, this area of \u200b\u200bmedicine is aimed at studying the pathogenesis of the disorders of the organs of the urinary and sexual system of men and women, diseases of the kidney, adrenal glands, as well as other pathologies that have a place to be in the field of small pelvis.

How is the inspection of men

So, we decided that they treat urologists. No less interesting is the question of how to inspect male patients. A urologist on the primary technique examines the history of the disease, visually explores the "problem" place and finds out, with which complaints to him came to him.

Naturally, the last analyzes will be appointed, which will help properly diagnose the disease and determine the optimal methods of treatment, which include: ultrasound, instrumental and endoscopic.

It should be noted that the urologist will primarily test the condition of the genital organs, scrotics and inguinal lymph nodes. It also produces an inspection of the prostate gland using the palpation method. What treats a urologist in men? It is prostatitis, and diseases of the sexual organ, urethra, eggs, bladder, kidneys and much more.

It should be noted that every representative of the strong sex, who overcomed to the age border of 40 years, must at least 2 times a year to attend the prevention of the urologist.

Rectal inspection

This procedure is mandatory, since it can only be determined by the state of the prostate. If its dimensions are increased, and she herself has a uniform and dense structure, it is likely that it is about the adenoma. A urologist also explores lymph nodes for the presence of oncological diseases. Rectal inspection refers to painless diagnostic species.

Of course, in order for the treatment to be correct, the patient needs to undergo an ultrasound study. Experienced specialist urologists also discharge directions for urine analysis, kidney x-ray, urestroscopy, spermogram, intravenous urography.

From what ails is the urologist of representatives of weak gender

Of course, many are interested in the question of what the urologist is treated in women. It diagnoses and eliminates various kinds of inner and outdoor genitals. In addition, he struggles with urinary disorders in women. Also included in the sphere of the competence of a doctor-urologist.

Inspection of a woman produced into a specialist should analyze the state of the ureter and bladder. In addition, with the help of gynecological equipment, it is possible to reveal a prolapse (omissions) or dryness of the vagina.

What does the urologist-andrologist

Specialist of this qualification is engaged in the treatment, diagnosis and prevention of sexual disorders.

For successful treatment, it must be a professional in several areas of medicine: urology, sexopathology, microsurgery with elements of plastic and vascular surgery. It is necessary to emphasize that an urologist-anrogologist is engaged in the "male" problems - such as erectile dysfunction, infertility, prostatitis. With venereal diseases also turn to it.

In some cases, children also need a urologist. What he treats? Naturally, the diseases of the urinary organs. It should be noted that the processes flowing in the body of the child are individual in their anatomy-physiological characteristics, and they proceed not as in adults. Doctors have already provided evidence that most of the pathologies in childhood is easier not only to reveal, but also cure.

Diseases in the child

In this case, it is necessary to investigate its content in this case, it is necessary to investigate its content in this case, it is only possible to carry out the correct diagnosis of violations that take place in the children's body.

The first symptom when urinary incontinence is pain in urination. It can be both too frequent and rare. It is necessary in cases where urination disappears at all.

Once again, we emphasize that for proper diagnosis, a children's urologist is obliged to carefully examine all the tests and only after that appoint treatment.

It happens that the child complains about the pain in the kidneys, and he does not always have to say for sure, in which the place is present "unpleasant" sensations. In this case, the specialist must analyze all the symptoms and listen to all complaints. Often pain in the kidneys are accompanied by the bloating and vomiting. In the treatment of this pathology, drugs are used, which stimulate the working capacity of the kidneys, as well as therapeutic agents aimed at restoring the urethra system.

Parents of those children who have formed a tumor in the area of \u200b\u200bthe belt or abdomen formed also appeal to the urologist. In some cases, this is due to the improper arrangement of the kidneys or the fact that the bladder is overwhelmed. The help of a specialist in the above situation is obligatory. In case of incorrect care of the child, he can develop an infection that can grow into Balantostitis. Immediately after delivery, you need to visit the urologist and be convinced of the absence of such a disease as the eggs of the testicles. If you cannot notice it in a timely manner, the baby will increase in the sizes of the scrotum, and the surgical operation may be required. Varicacele, cryptorchism, hypospadia - a children's urologist will help with all these disorders.

Geriatric urology

The patients of the above specialist in the field of medicine are not only children, but also the people of old age.

It should be noted the importance of this area of \u200b\u200bprofessional activity, which is carried out by a urologist. What he treats yet? Naturally, urinary disorders, which are often observed in the human body of the retirement age. It should be emphasized that over the years our body is subject to negative changes that most of them are irreversible. As a result, immunity to urological diseases is significantly reduced. One of the common ailments in the elderly is, again, the incontinence of urine. The reasons are quite simple: the mitigation of the muscles of the small pelvis after exercise.

Diagnostics

In order not to make a mistake in the diagnosis of the ailment, the urologist in his professional activity uses radiology, endoscopy, ultrasound and MRI.

If we talk about the instrumental methods of the study, biopsy is considered to be the most important procedures and the urination channel, the installation of the catheter is considered.

If any symptoms should contact urologist

The doctor's help is needed necessarily if pain in the kidneys, the lower back and at the bottom of the abdomen. If you are experiencing difficulties with the emptying of the bladder - it is also a weighty argument in order to refer to the urologist. Well, of course, it should be remembered that the best protection against diseases is their prevention.

Thank you

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Who is a urologist?

Urologist - This is a doctor who is engaged in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases of the genitourinary system, as well as other bodies related to it.

The area of \u200b\u200burologist includes:

• Diseases of the urinary system in men and women. This group of pathologies includes disorders of kidney functions, ureterals ( for which watering from the kidneys enters the bladder), bladder and urethra ( ureyeing Canal).
• Pigeon disorders in men. This group includes diseases of the testicles and their appendages, prostate, as well as a penis.
• Diseases of adrenal glands. Adrenal glands are special glands that allocate various hormones. These hormones regulate the activities of many systems in the body ( including sexual system).

It is worth noting that urology is a surgical specialty. The urologist works primarily in the special urological department of the hospital. At the same time, in many polyclinics there is a Cabinet of the urologist, where the doctor advises patients about various issues, conducts a clinical examination and, if necessary, assign additional analyzes or instrumental research. In the case of identifying pathology requiring surgical treatment, the doctor may recommend the patient hospitalization.

Interesting Facts

• The first "urologists" appeared in the 5th century to our era. Then they were called "Kinekami" for the fact that they knew how to remove stones from the bladder surgically. It is worth noting that in those days the concept of medicine was very scarce, therefore the operations were carried out without anesthesia and in unsanitary conditions. More than half of the patients died.
• The first specialized branch of urology was open in Paris in 1830.
• International urologist celebrated on October 2.

Today, urology as a specialty has become very developed, and therefore smaller species associated with the treatment of certain pathological conditions appeared in it.

Children's urologist

The need to allocate children's urology into a separate specialty is due to the fact that the anatomy and physiology of the children's urogenital system differ from those in an adult. A children's urologist is engaged in the diagnosis and treatment of congenital malformations of the bladder, urinary tract or exterior genital organs ( in boys). This doctor can also perform various urological operations in children.

Urologist-sexologist ( sexopathologist)

This is a doctor engaged in learning sexual ( family) human behavior, as well as the diagnosis and treatment of various pathologies in this area. Sexology is inextricably linked with urology, due to an anatomical and functional communication between sexual activation and sexual intercoms ( in men). At the same time, it is worth noting that in order to become a sexologist, the urologist must pass additional training.

Urologist-oncologist.

Doctors of this specialty are studying, the diagnosis and treatment of tumor diseases of the genitourinary system. The need for allocating oncurology in a separate specialty is due to the fact that the removal of benign and ( special) Malignant tumors require a surgeon of certain theoretical knowledge and practical skills that are not possessed by simple urologists.

Urologist-oncologist is treating:

• tumors ( cancec) kidney;
• prostate cancer;
• tumors eggs;
• tumors of the penis and so on.

What is the difference between the urologist from the reproductologist?

Reproductist is a doctor who is involved in infertility in men and infertility in women. Reproductology is a fairly narrow specialty that can master both urologists and doctors of other professions ( for example, gynecologists). Unlike the reproductologist, the urologist concentrates its attention not only on the issue of infertility, but also on other problems of the patient's urogenital system.

What does a urologist-andrologist treat?

A urologist-anrogologist specializes in learning issues related to the male sexual system, and also treats diseases or malfunctions of the development of men's genital organs.

The field of activity of Andrologist includes:

• Problems of male infertility - They may be due to the anatomical features of the genital organs or violation of the hormonal activity of the testicles ( male genital glands).
• Questions male contraception - Methods that allow preventing pregnancy from a sexual partner.
• Issues of reducing sexual activity of men - Including in the elderly and old age.

What does surgeon do the surgeon?

As mentioned earlier, urology is predominantly surgical specialty. The surgeon urologist works in a special urological department of the hospital, where he is treated with patients with various diseases requiring surgical ( operational) intervention.

The duties of the surgeon urologist include:

• examination of the patient;
• appointment of additional laboratory and instrumental research;
• identifying the testimony to the operation;
• preparation of the patient to the operation;
• performing surgical treatment;
• postoperative patient maintenance ( prevention of possible complications, identification of side effects, appointing drug treatment after surgery and so on).

What is the difference between the urologist from the gynecologist?

As mentioned earlier, the urologist deals with the treatment of sexual system in men. The gynecologist is engaged in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases of the female sexual and reproductive system. If in the process of survey the gynecologist will reveal any problems with the blade ( diseases of the kidneys, bladder and so on), He must send a patient for consultation to the urologist.

What is the difference between the urologist and nephrologist?

Nephrologist is a doctor involving functions, as well as diagnosis, treatment and prevention of kidney disease. On the one hand, nephrology is closely related to urology. At the same time, nephrology considers kidney defeat as a consequence of diseases of other organs and systems, and also assesses the influence of the affected body on the entire body as a whole.

Disturbance of the kidney function can be a consequence of diseases of the cardiovascular, nervous, endocrine, urinary and many other organism systems. Nephrologist examines all of the above systems, evaluates their effect on the kidney function, reveals the existing disorders and assigns appropriate treatment. The urologist concentrates its attention only on those issues that are associated with a violation of the urinary renal function.

What is the difference between the urologist from the venereologist?

Venereology - the area of \u200b\u200bmedicine that studies infectious diseases transmitted by sexual.

The competence of the urologist includes treatment:

• prostate adenoma;
• infections of the urogenital system;
• diseases of the testicles;

• bladder diseases;
• kidney diseases;
• erectile dysfunction;
• male infertility.

Prostatitis

Prostate ( prostate) - the body of the men's sexual system, which is located below the bladder and surrounds the upper unit of the urinary channel ( which passes in the thickness of the gland). In normal conditions, the prostate produces a special substance necessary for the normal functioning of spermatozoa ( male genital cells). Another function is to overlap the removal from the bladder during the erection ( by increasing the volume and squeezing of the urinary channel) What is necessary to protect spermatozoa from accidentally entering acid urine.

When developing prostatitis ( inflammation of prostate) It may increase in size, as a result of which it will also comprehend the urethra, disturbing the urinary selection process. The treatment of prostatitis is engaged in a urologist, which prescribes anti-inflammatory and antibacterial drugs ( in the event that the cause of the disease was infection). Surgical treatment with uncomplicated prostatitis is not required.

BPH

Prostate adenoma is a benign tumor characterized by the growth of cells of this organ. In this case, the gradual squeezing of the urethra can occur, which over time leads to a violation of the process of urination.

This disease is developing mainly after 45 years, which is associated with a violation of hormonal activity in the male body. At the initial stages of the development of the urologist, drug treatment may be prescribed ( antiandogenic drugs are used to reduce the influence of men's sex hormones on the growth of the prostate gland). In emerging cases, when the bounded fabric of the prostate is almost completely overlapping the urinary channel, resort to surgical removal of the organ.

Infection

A urologist is treating bacterial infections of external genital organs or urinary system organs. When identifying such diseases, drug treatment is prescribed ( various antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and other drugs are used.), And with their ineffectiveness, surgical treatment can be carried out if it is possible.

A urologist can do treatment:

• Infectious cystitis - inflammation of the bladder caused by pathogenic microorganisms.
• Balanita - Inflammation of the head of the penis.
• Balanopostita - Inflammation of the skin of the head, as well as the extreme flesh in the field of penis.
• Ureterita - inflammation of the urethra ( urban canal, through which watering is distinguished from the bladder).
• Ureterita - Inflammation of ureters.

It is worth noting that, if necessary, a urologist can cause an infectious examiner - a doctor who specializes in the treatment of infectious diseases.

Diseases of eggs

The testicles are organs of the men's sexual system in which men's sexes are formed ( spermatozoa) and male sex hormone ( testosterone). The development of various pathological processes in the testicles can reduce the sexual attraction of a man or even lead to male infertility. That is why, when painting pain or other strange sensations in the scrotum area, a man should consult as soon as possible with a urologist. The doctor will be able to carry out full diagnostics, identify possible violations and timely start treatment ( drug or surgical).

The urologist is engaged in diagnosis and treatment:

• Orchita. Egg inflammation developing with bacterial or viral infections ( for example, with gonor, steam). Treatment is predominantly drug ( antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs are used). Surgical treatment is required extremely rarely ( in the launched, unnecessary drug therapy cases).
• Epididiment. Inflammation of the appendage of eggs caused by infections. Treatment is also medicated.
• Hydrocel. With this pathology, there is a cluster of fluid between the egg shells, which leads to an increase in its size. Treatment depends on the cause of the disease and can be medicated ( antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs are used.) or surgical ( egg shells dissect and pathological fluid is removed).
• Spermotocele. Characterized by the formation of cysts ( filled with liquid cavity) In the appendage of eggs. Treatment is predominantly surgical ( removal of cysts).
• Varicocele. With this pathology, the pathological expansion of the veins of the seed canopa occurs, in which the vessels, nerves and the seed-free duct are passing. Surgical treatment ( the affected veins are bandaged and removed).
• Twist eggs. With this pathology, the testicle twisted around its axis, as a result of which the nerves and vessels passing in seed rope are clarified. The consequence of this is the development of ischemia ( violations of blood supply) The Egg itself, that without treatment, inevitably lead to his necrosis ( sacrifice) For 5 to 6 hours. Treatment of the disease can be conservative ( an attempt to spin the eggs outside). With the ineffectiveness of this method, as well as in the case of the late arrival of the patient ( 3 - 4 hours after the start of the disease) Surgical treatment is shown - opening the scrotum, spinning of the egg and its fixation.
• Egg injuries. With traumatic damage to eggs ( accompanied by violation of its integrity) The surgical operation is usually performed ( removal of eggs).

Urinary bubble diseases

The bladder is a kind of reservoir in which the urine accumulates, constantly coming from the kidneys along the ureters. Urinary bubble diseases can significantly disrupt the work of the human urogenital system.

The urologist is treating:

• Cystitis. Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bladder, most often caused by infection. Medication treatment ( antibiotics are used).
• Congenital anomalies of development. There may be a violation of the shape, size or structure of the bladder. If these violations do not affect the quality of the child's life, no treatment is required. At the same time, in violation of the process of urination, the surgical correction of the defect may be required.
• The diverticule of the bladder. The diverticulus is a pathological protrusion of the wall of the bladder. In this "protrusion" can be delayed urine, which contributes to the formation of stones and the development of infection. Surgical treatment ( removal of the diverticule and stitching the wall of the bladder).
• The stenosis of the bladder neck. In the area of \u200b\u200bthe bladder neck, the hole of the urethra canal, through which urine is distinguished. The presence of stenosis ( pathological narrowing) This site may disrupt the process of urination and cause the development of infectious and other complications. In the initial stages of the disease, conservative treatment is possible, while the operation is shown in future cases.
• Tumors. When the tumor is detected in the wall of the bladder, therapeutic tactics is determined by an oncologist urologist ( chemotherapy, radiotherapy or operational treatment can be used).

Urolithiasis disease

With this pathology, the formation of solid, dense stones in various sections of the urinary system ( in the kidneys, in ureters, in the bladder). At the initial stage of development, the stones do not affect the processes of urinations and urination, in connection with which people for a long time do not even suspect their availability. In progression of the disease, stones increase in size and can overlap various areas of urinary tract, which is usually accompanied by the development of renal colic ( pronounced pain syndrome).

In the treatment of urolithiasis, the urologist can use non-surgical ( crushing stones with ultrasound) or surgical methods ( removal of stones during surgery). Diet therapy and other methods of treatment and prevention of stone formation are also of particular importance, which will tell the patient in detail.

Urinary incontinence ( enuresis)

This disease is characterized by involuntary urination, which is observed mainly at night. Most often ( more than 95% of cases) Enuresis occurs in children, which is associated with the imperfection of their central nervous system. Contribute to the development of pathology can neurosis, nervous overvoltages and other stress factors.

Since this disease is more connected with the child's nervous system, neurologists and neuropathologists are engaged in its treatment. If urinary incontinence is due to the anatomical defects of the urinary system ( what can be observed with congenital anomalies of the bladder), the treatment of illness is engaged in a urologist.

Kidney disease

The kidney is the main organ of the excretory system in which urine is formed. The list of kidney disease is large enough, and in the treatment of most of them, the participation of the nephron, a urologist and other specialists at the same time is necessary.

The urologist can take part in the treatment:

• inflammatory kidney diseases ( glomerulonephritis, Pielonephritis);
• infectious diseases of the kidneys;
• kidney lesions during diabetes;
• kidney damage when receiving some medicines;
• with kidney tumors;
• when stones are found in the kidneys and so on.

Phimoz

This disease is characterized by the pathological narrowing of the extreme flesh covering the head of the penis. The extreme flesh at the same time is so narrowed that the head cannot be completely naked. This can create certain difficulties in human sexual life, and is also the cause of the development of infectious and noncommunicable complications ( in particular difficulty when urination).

The cause of phimosis may be injured or inflammatory lesion of extreme flesh under various infectious diseases. Also, the phyms may be congenital, however it is worth remembering that only half of children aged 1 year the extreme flesh is easily shifted, sharing the head of the penis.

Treatment of the disease can be conservative or surgical. In the first case, special methods of stretching the extreme flesh can be used, which will tell the urologist in more detail, assessing the state of this skin area. As practice shows, conservative methods can be very effective and allow to avoid surgical interference in more than 50% of cases. At the same time, with a pronounced phimosis, in which the process of urination is disturbed and the risk of rupture of the extreme flesh is created, surgical treatment is shown.

Reduced potency and erectile dysfunction ( impotence)

Potency is the ability of a man to make sexual intercourse. Violation of this function can develop with different pathological conditions both by the urogenital system and from other organs.

It should be immediately noted that for the full and adequate treatment of potency disorders, first of all, you need to accurately identify the cause of the disease and eliminate it. To solve this issue of the urologist ( to which men are most often treated with similar problems) can involve specialists from other areas of medicine.

The reason for the reduction of potency can be:

• Reducing the concentration of male sex hormone ( testosterone) in blood. The treatment of this pathology should be engaged in an endocrinologist.
• Consumption of some toxic substances ( marijuana, alcohol). When identifying alcohol or narcotic dependence, it is recommended to consult a narcologist.
• Stress. It has been scientifically proven that chronic overvoltage, lack of sleep and stay in stressful situations significantly weakens the sexual attraction of a man, leading to the development of erectile dysfunction. In this case, consultation and treatment of a psychotherapist, a neurologist or a neuropathologist is recommended.
• Obesity. Lifelong lifestyle, long stay in a sitting position and excess body weight also contribute to the development of impotence.
• Infectious diseases of the genitourinary system. With untreated prostatitis ( inflammation of prostate), urethritis ( ) or cystitis ( inflammation of the bladderIt may develop complications from the testicles, which can lead to a violation of testosterone products.

Frequent urination

Student urination can be a sign of cystitis ( this disease was described earlier.) or neurogenic bladder. This pathology is characterized by a violation of the nervous regulation of the activity of the bladder, which can manifest itself with frequent and painful urination urination, during which a small amount of urine is distinguished. Treatment of disease conservative ( medicate) and is carried out jointly with a neurologist and a urologist.

Premature ejaculation ( seedsman)

The causes of this pathology can be psychological disorders or violations of the central nervous system ( including the diseases of the spine and spinal cord). In this case, psychotherapists, psychiatrists, neurologists and neuropathologists should be engaged in issues of diagnosis and treatment. At the same time, the disease can develop due to the organic lesion of the organs of the urogenital system ( with untreated prostatitis, urethritis and so on). The treatment of these pathologies is carried out by a urologist according to the previously described principles.

Does the urologist perform the circumcision of the extreme flesh ( circumcia)?

The practicing urologist-surgeon can circumcise the extreme flesh in medical testimony ( in the presence of pronounced phimosis, with frequent infections). It was also found that circumcision helps in the treatment of premature seeds. The fact is that after performing the procedure, the skin in the field of the penis head is somewhat thicken, and its sensitivity decreases, which has "therapeutic" action.

The operation itself is relatively safe and is usually performed under local anesthesia, but at the request of the patient can be carried out under general anesthesia ( when a person falls asleep and remember nothing).

Does the urologist treat hemorrhoids?

Hemorrhoids is characterized by the lesion of hemorrhoids in the rectum and anal hole. A proctologist is engaged in the treatment of this pathology, and the urologist has nothing to do with it.

Does the urologist treat infertility?

Affairs of female infertility are mainly engaged in gynecologists. At the same time, urologists ( andrology) can take an active part in the treatment of male infertility, which can be due to both a violation ( decline) sexual entry and organic lesions of various organs of the sexual system.

The causes of male infertility can be:

• reduction potency;
• erectile dysfunction;
• ejaculation violation ( seedsPuscania);
• anomalies of the development of genital organs;
• genetic anomalies ( violations of the development of sex cells);
• inflammatory diseases of the genital organs;
• immunological lesions of the testicles ( may be observed after injury);
• violations of genital cell formation processes ( spermatozoov).

Many of the listed pathologies cannot be cured with a urologist alone, so quite often a doctor, after a preliminary examination, sends a patient to consult other specialists.

Should a urologist examine pregnant women?

In the absence of any diseases from the urogenital system, to visit the urologist to pregnant women is not necessarily. At the same time, it is worth remembering that during pregnancy in the body of a woman there are a number of changes, in particular the restructuring of a hormonal background and squeezing internal organs ( growing fruit). All this predisposes the urine in the bladder and the development of various diseases.

During pregnancy, the risk of development increases:

• Pyelonephritis - inflammatory disease of the kidneys caused by pathogenic microorganisms.
• Glomerulonephritis - infectious inflammatory disease, in which the urine-forming kidney function is disturbed.
• Urolithiasis.

If you identify or exacerbate any of these pathologies during pregnancy, you should immediately consult with a urologist. Only he will be able to set an accurate diagnosis and, if necessary, assign optimal treatment, which will help to cope with the disease, at the same time, without hurting the mother or developing the fetus.

Which symptoms should be contacted to urologist?

Indications for the consultation of the urologist may be violations of the functions of the urogenital system, as well as any unusual sensations in organs relating to this system.

Indications for the consultation of the urologist are:

• frequent urination;
• rare urination ( 1 - 2 times a day);
• urinary incontinence;
• pump in the urine;
• reduced sexual entry ( in men);
• the inability to make sexual intercourse ( for men).

What is waiting for a patient at the reception at the urologist?

A visit to the urologist, like any other specialist, is accompanied by a number of standard procedures ( survey, inspection, examination and so on), on the basis of which the doctor puts a preliminary diagnosis, and, if necessary, appoints additional surveys.

Preparation Before going to the urologist

There are several simple recommendations to be performed before visiting the urologist. It will consult the most productive consultation and will help the doctor to expose a more accurate diagnosis.

Before going to the urologist, it is recommended:

• Refrain from sex contacts. The fact is that after the examination, the doctor may need certain analyzes ( for example, urine analysis or sperm analysis). If the patient had sexual contact on the eve of the patient, it could significantly make it difficult to make it possible to make it impossible, which would increase the duration of the diagnostic process.
• Empty bladder. It is not necessary to do this right before visiting the doctor, and for 1 to 2 hours. In this case, at the time of consultation in the bladder, a certain amount of urine is checked, which may be required for some surveys or analyzes.
• Empty the intestines. This procedure is necessary if the reason for the appeal to the doctor was the problems with the prostate ( the doctor can produce a rectal study of the body).
• Observe personal hygiene rules. In the morning, before visiting the doctor, you need to take a shower and wear clean underwear.
• Tune morally. During consultation, the doctor may ask questions to which some people will be ashamed or awkwardly respond. It is important to remember that the formulation of the diagnosis and adequacy of treatment depends on the reliability and accuracy of the information obtained, so all the questions of the doctor should be honored to be honest and fully.

Before visiting the doctor, you should not use any antibacterial or antiseptic solutions for washing out the external genital organs, as this may distort the data of laboratory tests and make it difficult to make a diagnosis process.

What questions can ask a urologist for consultation?

During consultation, the doctor may ask a patient about the circumstances of the disease, about its manifestations and so on.

At the first consultation, the urologist can ask:

• How long did the disease begot?
• How does the disease manifest?
• Are there problems with urination?
• What leads to the emergence / strengthening of symptoms?
• Does the patient suffer from any diseases of the urogenital system?
• Have such diseases have such diseases or the closest relatives ( native brothers or sisters)?
• Does the patient have chronic diseases of other organs and systems ( hearts, liver and so on)?
• Does the patient have a permanent sexual partner?
• What methods of contraception ( prehips) Does the patient use?
• Is the patient with sexually transmitted diseases?
• Does the patient have children?
• Does the patient take drug addicts?
• Is the patient with alcohol abuse?
• Does the patient smoke?

It is worth noting that the list of questions can differ significantly depending on which organ and how strongly amazed.

How is the inspection of men from the urologist?

After a survey of the patient, the doctor necessarily conducts an inspection of external genital organs.

During the examination, the doctor estimates:

• Form of penis - Its excessive curvature may be the cause of infertility, as well as indicate a high probability of the presence of other developmental abnormalities.
• Sizes of penis - Its underdevelopment is possible with a reduced concentration of male sex hormone in the blood.
• Condition of skin in the field of genital organs - In order to identify foci of inflammation, ulcers, cracks or other deformations.
• Penis (for this, the doctor shaves her) - To identify phimosis or inflammatory processes in this area.
• State of the testicles - the doctor palphens ( takes up) Eggs and appendages, assessing their shape, size and consistency.
• The state of the scrotum - In order to identify varicocele or infectious-inflammatory process.
• The condition of the bladderi - for this, the doctor can ask the patient to lie down, and then starts slightly pressed on the bladder area ( just above Lobka).
• State of kidneys - the urologist can slightly tapping the palm edge of the patient's lumbar region ( on which the kidneys are projected), assessing his reaction ( the occurrence of pain may indicate the presence of an inflammatory process.).

Also, the obligatory stage of the survey is the finger rectal study of the prostate. The essence of the method is as follows. The patient lies on the side and tries to press his knees to the chest. The doctor puts on a sterile glove, lubricates it with a special oil and introduces the index finger into the anal hole of the patient. At the depth of several centimeters, it defines an prostate that is located between the bladder and intestines ( the doctor proves it through the wall of the rectum). The doctor further estimates the size, consistency and form of prostate. If, during the examination, the patient will feel sharp stuck pain, he must inform the doctor about it ( this symptom may indicate the presence of prostatitis).

It is worth noting that all of the above studies are carried out only if there is indications.

How is the inspection of women from the urologist?

The examination of women is carried out in a special gynecological chair, also after a detailed survey. The doctor examines the external genital organs and the urethra ( if necessary). Also, the doctor is mandatory finishes ( takes up) The area of \u200b\u200bthe bladder and kidneys, assessing the patient's reaction. The occurrence of soreness in the field of small pelvis or in the lumbar region may indicate the presence of inflammatory processes and usually requires additional instrumental research.

Does the urologist massage prostate?

A urologist can perform a finger massage of the prostate with various forms of prostatitis ( inflammation of prostate gland) when the usual treatments ( antibiotic therapy, anti-inflammatory drugs) Not enough effective. Therapeutic effect of this procedure is to improve microcirculation in the prostate, which improves the access of antibacterial drugs to it. Also during the massage is stimulated by the output of the installation from the gland, which contributes to the restoration of the passability of its ducts and also favorably affects the course of the disease.

Preparation for the massage of the prostate is to empty the intestines ( sometimes this may require a cleansing enema that should be performed in the morning before going to the doctor). The procedure itself is as follows. The patient falls on the couch and presses his knees to the chest ( collapsed by "glider"). The doctor puts on a sterile glove, processes the index finger with a vaseline and introduces it to the patient's posterproof hole. At a depth of about 5 cm, he grips the prostate, after which it starts to massage it, slightly pressed on the gland fabric. If at any stage of the procedure, the patient will feel pain, he must immediately report this to the doctor.

The massage duration is about 1 to 2 minutes, after which the patient can go home. The course of treatment is 10 - 15 procedures performed with a break in 1 - 2 days.

Prostate massage contraindicated:

• In the acute phase of prostatitis - In this case, the procedure will be extremely painful.
• With prostate cancer suspected - possible damage to the tumor and the appearance of metastases ( remote tumor foci).
• In the presence of stones in the prostate - It is possible to damage during the implementation of the procedure.
• With prostate adenoma.
• With prostate tuberculosis.
• In the presence of an infectious inflammatory process in the anal area - The procedure will be very painful, and the dissemination of infection is possible.

Is it possible to call a urologist to the house?

If for one reason or another the patient can not ( or does not want) Attend the urologist, the doctor can be called to the house. Immediately it is worth noting that this service is most often found by private clinics and medical centers, and therefore is paid.

When visiting the patient at home, the urologist can:

• Collect anamnesis. In detail asking the patient about his problems, the doctor may assume the presence of a particular disease.
• Conduct an objective examination. At home, the doctor can inspect the external genital organs, to try to try the patient's bladder and belly, explore the lumbar region and so on. In the case of a man's examination, the prostate finger study is also carried out ( if necessary). All this allows you to set a preliminary diagnosis.
• Perform ultrasound research ( Ultrasound). The doctor can take a small portable apparatus with him, which will allow you to perform a study right near the bed of the patient.

If, after the examination, the doctor is not confident in the diagnosis, it can recommend a patient to visit the hospital, pass tests and pass additional surveys. In lighter cases, the doctor can give recommendations regarding the treatment of a disease in a patient.

How often do you need to attend a prevention urologist?

Young people who do not experience any problems with the genitourinary system, preventive consultations of the urologist are not needed. At the same time, with age in men, the risk of developing such a disease as prostate adenoma increases. This is a benign tumor, which, however, can disrupt the process of urination, and when exposed to adverse factors, it can be reborn in cancer. That is why all men over 45 years old are recommended to attend the urologist annually with the aim of holding a finger research of the prostate. This simplest procedure will allow you to reveal pathological changes in the gland and timely begin treatment, which can save the life to the patient.

What tests and research can appoint a urologist?

After the patient's survey and clinical examination, the doctor may assign additional laboratory or instrumental studies that will make more accurate to evaluate the functions of the urogenital system organs and set the correct diagnosis.

A urologist can assign:

• general urine analysis ;
• general blood analysis ;
• sperm analysis ( spermogram);

• analyzes for identifying the infection of the urogenital system;
• ultrasound procedure ( Ultrasound).

Analysis of urine

This is a simple and cheap study that allows you to estimate the excretory function of the kidneys, to identify the infections of the urinary tract and so on.

Collection of material for research The patient spends himself, gaining a certain number of morning urine in a special sterile jar. On the eve of the study, it is recommended to carry out a hygienic toilet of the genital organs, since otherwise you can get distorted results. During morning urination, the first portion of urine ( which stands out for the first 1 - 2 seconds) It should be released in the toilet, after which you need to substitute a jar and fill it about 50 ml. Then her ( jar) You need to immediately close and attribute to the laboratory for research.

During the analysis of urine, it is estimated:

• Urine color. Normally urine has straw-yellow color. The appearance of a red shade may indicate the presence of blood in the urine, while the appearance of a brown shade may indicate the diseases of the liver or blood.
• Urine transparency. Narocrous. The appearance of clouding is possible if there are any extraneous inclusions ( blood cells, protein, bacteria, pussy, salt).
• Urine density. Normally, this indicator ranges from 1010 to 1022 g / liter. Increased or decreased urine density can be observed in disruption of the concentration function of the kidneys.
• Urine acidity. This indicator may vary widely, which depends on the type of power, lifestyle and the functional state of the kidneys.
• The presence of protein in the urine. Normally, the protein concentration in the urine should not exceed 0.033 g / liter. The increase in this indicator may be observed in the diseases of the kidneys, heart, immune system, and so on.
• The presence of glucose ( sahara) In the urine. Non-sugar in the urine is missing. His appearance usually indicates that blood glucose level is significantly increased.
• The presence of pathological inclusions. In various diseases and metabolic disorders, substances may appear in the urine, which are not defined in it ( ketone bodies, bilirubin, hemoglobin and so on). When identifying these items, additional studies are required.
• The presence of blood cells in the urine. Under normal conditions, a small number of leukocytes can be detected in the urine ( cells of the immune system) and red blood cells ( blood cells). However, a significant increase in the concentration of cell data indicates the presence of a pathological process in the organs of the urogenital system.
• The presence of bacteria in the urine. They can appear in infectious inflammatory diseases of the kidneys, bladder, urethra, prostate or exterior genital organs.

Blood test

General blood analysis ( OakIt is a routine study method, which is prescribed to patients with hospitalization, when preparing for an operation or in some other situations. In urological practice, an indication for the appointment of the UAC may also be suspicable for the presence of an infection of the genitourinary system.

For infection may indicate:

• Increasing the total number of leukocytes (more than 9 x 10 9 / liter). Leukocytes are cells of an immune system that ensure the fight against infection. With the infection of any organ of the human body, their amount in the blood increases.
• Increasing the rate of settlement of red blood cells ( Soe). This laboratory indicator also allows you to identify signs of infection in the body. In the development of an infectious inflammatory process in any organ in the blood, the so-called proteins of the acute phase of inflammation are distinguished. They interact with red blood cells ( erythrocytes), increasing the speed of their sediment on the bottom of the test tube during the study ( more than 10 mm per hour in men and more than 15 mm per hour in women).

Other indicators of general blood test ( concentration of blood cells, hemoglobin levels and so on) It is possible only in preparation for surgical interventions or if there are other diseases in a patient.

Sperm analysis ( spermogram)

This study is appointed if the man has problems with the conception of children ( for example, in case of fruitless marriage in order to identify possible causes of male infertility). The essence of the study lies in the fact that the cum obtained from the man is examined under the microscope, assessing its quantitative and qualitative characteristics.

The preparation for the study is to abstain from sex contacts within 4 - 5 days. At this time, it is also recommended to eliminate alcohol, narcotic drugs, smoking, visiting a bath or sauna.

The analysis of the analysis is made on the day of the study by the patient himself ( by means of masturbation). The material obtained must be placed in a special sterile test tube in full ( loss of sperm parts can distort the results of the study).

The main parameters of the spermogram

Indicator	Normal values
Number of sperm	Not less than 2 ml
Consistency
Color	White or gray
Smell	Specific
Acidity(pH)
Viscosity(it is measured along the length of the thread stretching behind the sperm drop released from a special syringe)
Life time(this refers to the displacement of the ejaculate under the action of prostate enzymes, as a result of which its viscosity becomes less than 2 cm)	10 - 40 minutes
Number of spermatozoa(in 1 ml)	20 - 120 million
The total number of spermatozoa in the material under study	40 - 500 million
Active moving spermatozoa	Not less than 25%
Weakly moving spermatozoa	At least 50%
Fixed spermatozoa	No more than 50%
Spergglutination(bonding spermatozoa)	Absent
Leukocytes	3 - 5 in sight

Cystoscopy

The essence of this study is as follows. Through urethra ( urethra) A special flexible tube is introduced into the bladder ( cistoscope), equipped with an optical system. This allows you to visually explore the walls of the urethra, bladder and finite ureteral departments ( at the place of signage them in the bladder). This is necessary to identify the source of bleeding, poverty, tumors, break or other damage listed organs.

The study itself is carried out under local or general anesthesia, so the patient practically does not experience pain. After the study and termination of anesthesia ( alestruction) The appearance of moderate pains in the course of the urethra, which can enhance during urination.

Cistoscopy is contraindicated:

• With urethritis ( inflammation of the urethra) - rises the risk of additional damage to the walls of the urethra.
• With prostatitis ( inflammation of prostate) - There may be difficulty during the introduction of the device.
• With violation of the passability of urethra - For example, with prostate adenoma or cancer, which can squeeze the urethra, preventing the promotion of a cystoscope.
;
• candidiasis;
• gonococcal infection and so on.

If a bacterial infection has been suspected of a patient, the material obtained falls on special nutrient media. On these environments, bacteria are growing and multiplying, forming large colonies. Examining these colonies, the doctor can determine the accurate type of causative agent of infection, as well as establish which antibiotics it ( pathogen) Sensitive as possible ( it will help appoint the most effective treatment.).

If the purpose of the study is to identify viral infection, sowing to nutrients will be ineffective ( viruses do not grow on them). In this case, a special method of polymerase chain reaction can be used ( PCR), With the help of which in the material under study you can reveal the microparticles of viral tissue, thereby confirming the diagnosis.

Ultrasound ( ultrasound procedure) kidneys, eggs, prostate, bladder

Ultrasound is a cheap research method, which allows learning the structure of the internal organs. The essence of the method is as follows. The special sensor applied to the human body sends incubating ultrasonic waves of a certain length. These waves are reflected from the tissues and internal organs, then entering the special receiver located near the sensor. Based on the data on the reflected waves, the computer forms an image of organs located on the Ultrasound path.

In ultrasound practices, ultrasound examination may be needed in cases where clinical methods do not allow an accurate diagnosis.

A urologist can assign:

• Ultrasound kidneys. It allows you to assess the structure of the body, as well as its shape and location that may vary with different pathologies. Also, with the help of ultrasound, you can reveal the kidney stones or in ureters, which helps to confirm the diagnosis of urolithiasis.
• Ultrasound bladder. Allows you to identify stones or tumors in the bladder. Also, studying after urination allows you to identify the residual urine, which is delayed in the bladder in various pathologies ( for example, with prostate adenoma or cancer, when the urinary bubble diverticule and so on).
• Ultrasound prostate. It makes it possible to estimate the structure of the gland and to identify pathological changes in time characteristic of adenoma or cancer.
• Ultrasound eggs. It helps to confirm the diagnosis of inflammation of the egg or its appendage, varicocele, hydrocel, egg cysts, and so on.

It is worth noting that the ultrasound is an absolutely safe and painless study, so if necessary, it can be performed several times.

Anecdotes about urologists

Plate on the doors of the urologist: "Just to go and brag it should not be brazed."
Enters the Cabinet of the urologist a man.
- Hello Dr., I ...
The doctor fills the documentation and, without raising his head, says:
- Understand!
- Doctor, but I ...
- Remove your pants, I said!
The patient is undressed, standing, shifts from foot to foot. The doctor finished writing, raises his head and says:
- I listen to you.
- I'm plumbing, came the crane to repair ...


A man runs into the office to the urologist and says:
- Doctor, quickly make me castration!
- What are you, dear, why do you need it ...
- Doctor, Make Quickly, I pay any money!
The doctor has nowhere to go, since the patient demands - made him castration, standing, washing his hands and asks:
- And after all, dear, why did you need it?
- You see the doctor, I get married to the Jewish, and they are so accepted.
- So, maybe you wanted to make circumcision?
- Well, yes, how did I say?

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A very shy guy comes to the urologist and, blushing, says:
"You see, the doctor, one of my friend seems to be infected with a venereal disease and asked me to know what to do now ...
The doctor replies:
- I got it. Remove pants and show your friend.

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In the clinic:
- Hello, I need to consult the urologist and to the eyepiece.
- It is necessary, and why suddenly to such different specialists?
- Yes, I can not understand - or I am a dongeon, or I have a green water ...

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An old man is 95 years old to the urologist and says:
- Doctor, I have some kind of noise in my head after sex, you do not know what it is?
- This is the applause, grandfather!

There are contraindications. Before use, you must consult with a specialist.

When a man begins to hurt her throat, he goes to the therapist, if he becomes bothering his leg - turns to the surgeon.

And if more specific malaise is worried, for example, problems with urination or kidney pain, confusion comes - to which doctor to be recorded at the reception?

general characteristics

For the diagnosis and treatment of all diseases associated with the organs of the genitourinary system, including adrenal glands and some organs in the cavity of the peritoneum, a separate area of \u200b\u200bmedicine is provided - urology.

And the specialist in this area is called, respectively, the urologist. A urologist provides assistance not only to male patients, as some believes. There are such subspecies and categories of urology:

• andrology - for men;
• urvinecology - for women;
• children's urology;
• geriatric urology;
• urgent urology;
• oncourology.

It should be noted that most of the total specialists also have a sufficiently deep knowledge of urology and, if necessary, can give a patient a preliminary consultation. But a full-fledged, competent assistance to patients with diseases of urinary bodies is exclusively urologist.

What diseases treats a doctor urologist

A list of diseases, with complaints to which you can contact the physician of such a profile, is extensive. Many pathologies also apply to other medical industries - for example, in infertility in men are often caused by inflammation of prostate and neighboring organs of the urogenital system, pyelonephritis often occurs in women during pregnancy.

In such cases, a urologist with the additional participation of the gynecologist, Andrologist, is examined by the examination and treatment of the patient.

The most common urology diseases:

• ureterites and cystitis of various shapes and etiology;
• , hemoglobinuria, any kind;
• and children;
• stones in the bladder or kidney;
• various congenital pathology of the urogenital system and oncological education;
• infertility, reduced libido, sexual dysfunction.

The urologist also assists in congenital pathologies acquired or injuries after accidents.

Men's urology

The main task of a male urologist is to detect, cure and prevent any problems with the patient's urinary and reproductive organs to restore fully their functions, prevent complications and relapses. Noticing suspicious symptoms and suspecting prostatitis, many men fear to contact the doctor, believing that they would immediately appear on the operating table.

This is not at all. Often, problems that have arisen are associated with age-related changes or incorrect lifestyles and require minor adjustments and conservative treatment methods.

On the other hand, a timely identified small problem can prevent the appearance of large ones. For example, cystitis in men is rare and occurs in a hidden form, without pronounced symptoms. But in the struck form, the chronic inflammation of the bladder leads to infertility no less often than the inflammation of the prostate.

The most common problems that patients appear with the urologist:

• urination disorders -, rare, difficult;
• sexual disorders - impotence, uncontrolled erection, premature eruption of seed, reduced sexual attraction, etc.;
• male infertility;
• , prostatites, cystitis, etc.;
• curvature of penis, painful sexual acts;
• pyelonephritis;
• oncological diseases of the organs of the urogenital system.

A urologist also participates in the treatment of venereological infections that can be transmitted through the genitals.

Female urology

The yard is engaged in the diagnosis, treatment and control of all pathologies associated with the bladder, ureters, urethra, outdoor genuine organs, kidneys, adrenal glands and some other bodies of small pelvis and sexual system.

A urologist for women solves all the same problems as with a male, with the only difference that it operates, taking into account the anatomical features of the female organism.

What symptoms should be applied to urologist

Direction to narrow specialists, if the patient does not have any accounts with them, usually gives a family doctor, because in any case, in the first ailments, it should be addressed to it. The basis of urgent visit to the urologist may be such symptoms:

• pain in urination, both sharp and minor, but regular, over a long period of time;
• discomfort and burning up, on time or after emptying the bladder, at rest in the field of external genital organs;
• pain of any nature at the bottom of the abdomen;
• and urine colors, impurities in it;
• urination delay or vice versa, too frequent empties;
• increasing body temperature;
• any nonypical discharge, rash, itching in the groin area.
• disorders of erection and other sexual disorders in men;
• menstrual violations of girls and women;
• physiological anomalies, noticeable with the naked eye - the narrowing of the extreme flesh, the different size of the testicles, etc.

Sometimes, if pathology is sluggish, the patient has strong immunity, there are no external symptoms. identified during laboratory analysis, protein - all this is also the grounds to consult with a urologist.

Urological symptoms in a child

Diagnosis of diseases in children is often hampered by the fact that the baby is not yet able to clearly explain what he feels and where it hurts. Therefore, parents must follow the child's condition and contact a urologist with such symptoms:

• too frequent or;
• change color and smell of urine;
• increased body temperature;
• the conversion and nervousness of the child, often caused by the burning, itching of urinary organs, sleep disorders, refusal to food;
• any selection, itching redness of the external genital organs;
• nausea, attacks of vomiting in the absence of other symptoms of food intoxication;
• hand swelling and face.

A children's urologist is engaged in any pathologies of urinary and reproductive systems in children and adolescents of both sexes under the age of 18, participates in the psychophysiological training of an adhent child, follows hormonal changes in the children's body.

Criteria when choosing a urologist

Not only the health of the patient depends on the competence of the doctor, if we are talking about urology, then a lot more is delivered to the scales, this is the sexual activity and intimate relationship of a person, the opportunity to have healthy offspring, and sometimes life, if it comes to malignant formations. It is especially important to choose a good children's specialist. It should be relying on such criteria:

1. Qualification level - The doctor must have a diploma on the end of the university, it is desirable additional evidence of the end of the training courses, visiting seminars.
2. Work experience - Consisting trustworthy experience and skills are purchased not earlier than ten-year practices.
3. Approach to the patient - A good doctor is calm, adequate, not in a hurry with conclusions, does not intimidate the patient with terrible unconfirmed diagnoses, in no case does not allow condemnation, ridicule and other statements of a negative personal attitude towards the patient.

The level of the clinic plays far from the main role - in private medical institutions, the same doctor practices as in district free clinics, just to other hours. Also should not be reed to feedback on the Internet - they can be fabricated in order to increase the site rating.

What to wait at the reception

You should not be afraid of visits to the doctor-urologist - from fears will save an understanding of the essence of the upcoming procedure and knowledge of its main stages:

1. Patient poll - The doctor will definitely ask what is concerned when atypical symptoms were noticed, whether there were problems from the urogenital system from the patient or his close relatives, whether surgical interventions were conducted.
2. Inspection, At the same time, the doctor will take all the necessary analyzes - as a rule, these are strokes and zoops.
3. In suspected oncological pathology will be performed.
4. Necessarily executed ultrasound procedure A small pelvis organs.
5. Departed by laboratory and bacteriological research Patient biological fluids - blood, urine, etc.

If the doctor missed any of the items and makes it difficult to make a diagnosis, prescribe dubious research and treatment methods, it is worth searching for another specialist. A good urologist is not just a competent doctor in everything related to physiological disorders of the genitourinary system of a man, a woman or child. This is also partly a psychologist who can find the right approach to each patient.

Psycho-emotional contact and readiness for interdependence - the same required moment in the complex treatment of urological diseases, as well as correct diagnostics in combination with adequate medical measures.

Female and men's urinary systems have both similarities and differences. The urinary system is the same in both sexes and includes a complex of such organs as a urethra (urethra), a bladder, ureterals, kidneys.

As for reproductive systems, men and women are arranged and work in different ways. Therefore, they are engaged in doctors of various specializations. But what does the urologist treat specifically? What diseases can you contact him? What symptoms are a reason for visiting a doctor? It should be known!

A urologist is called a doctor who is responsible for the diagnosis and treatment of a complex of organs of the urinary and reproductive systems. In addition to conservative treatment (medicines and physiotherapy), if necessary, the doctor may conduct certain surgical manipulations.

Many people mistakenly believe that the urologist is an exclusively male doctor. In fact, this is not the case, and if necessary, women can also seek help from this specialist.

Unfortunately, patients often ignore the symptoms of diseases and turn to the clinic only when the disease has already been launched or given complications. In this case, the treatment will be much more complicated and will take longer. For this reason, it is very important to apply for help when the first signs of cystitis or other urination problems appear in order not to risk their health and do not wait for the emergence of complications at the most inopportune moment.

A urologist is called a doctor who is responsible for the diagnosis and treatment of a complex of organs of the urinary and reproductive systems

It is worth carefully referring to such signals as:

• the appearance of painful sensations when urination;
• too frequent urge to the toilet;
• pain syndrome, located at the bottom of the abdomen or in groin;
• renal colic;
• changing the color of blades, blood traces, sharp smell of urin.

The doctor helps men to cure such diseases as:

• Cystitis (inflammation in the bladder). The structure of urethra and men allows them to hurt cystitis much less often than women. In most cases, patients with such a diagnosis for more than 40 years. Inflammation of the bladder contributes to infection of the prostate gland, the semennikov, the appendages of the testicles and the urethra. Cystitis in itself in men is extremely rare thanks to the special structure of the urethra, most often it is a concomitant disease with such events such as vesiculitis, prostatitis and urethritis. Costitis causative agents are Candida mushrooms, sinny and intestinal sticks, staphylococci, mycoplasma, trichomonas, chlamydia, etc.
• Uretera, or inflammation of the urethra (urethra). The disease is characterized by inflammation of the dummy of the urethra and bladder. The urethritis is primary and secondary (it is a complication of the infection of urethra from the number of inflamed organs). The type of urethritis is determined by the pathogen: bacterial, gonorrheal, chlamydia, candidoid, trichomonade. The Honory Type of Disease develops due to sex or domestic attitudes in the body of a gococcal infection. The same mechanism for the occurrence of trichomonaceous and chlamydial urethritis. Bacterial urethritis may arise due to the endoscopy procedure. The rarest kind of urethritis Candidose, most often there is a consequence of unprotected sexual intercourse or taking antibiotics.
• Urolithiasis (formation of concrections (phosphates, urates, oxolates) in kidneys, ureters or bladder). In the children's and old age, concrections in the bladder are often found, and young people, as a rule, suffer from congregations in the kidneys and in ureters. The amount and size of the concrections may vary - from a large number of small grains (sand) to single large stones of size up to 12 cm. The disease is a consequence of a minor failure in the metabolism, which provokes the formation of insoluble salts, which over time are transformed into the concreters.
• Nephritis, or inflammation of the kidneys. Jade is called a group of inflammatory processes that flow in glomers, tubules or interlistial kidney tissues. This group includes glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, shunt and interstitial jade. In the event of pathology, it is in the kidneys, nephritis is called "primary". If the disease is a consequence of other pathologies, we are talking about secondary jade. In the first case, the disease provoke an intestinal wand, as well as streptococci or staphylococci. In the second - autoimmune processes, allergies, infectious diseases, alcoholism, diabetes, vasculitis, thrombosis, kidney amyloidosis, oncological diseases and poisoning.

The kidney disease treats a urologist, and nephrologist, so many patients do not know how specialist should be referred to in case of symptoms of the disorder of the kidneys. There are some differences in the work of these specialists, but the main thing is the method of treatment: the nephrologist offers conservative methods, the urologist resorts to surgical manipulations.

In addition to the urinary bodies, a man's unproductive system is included in the scope of the domain of the urologist.

In addition to the urinary bodies, a man's unproductive system includes the scope of the urologist. If there is no urologist-andrologist in the clinic (a specialist in the field of men's sexual system), the patient will guide the urologist, which is decided by the following issues:

• prostatitis;
• male infertility;
• impaired erectile function;
• inflammation of the penis;
• STIs.

If the laboratory study of the biomaterial will show the presence of STIs, the patient will receive a direction to a narrower specialist - venereologist.

Venereologist

Since some of the listed aids are not accompanied by any symptoms and often provoke urological pathologies, trichomoniasis, ureaplasmosis, chlamydia and other infections belong to the area of \u200b\u200bthe competence of the urologist.

Urology and venereology are inextricably linked. For this reason, ideally, sex infections in men should be treated with a venereologist - a specialist who is equally competent in both areas of medicine.

Venereologist specializes in diseases that are transmitted mainly by sexual

This doctor is engaged in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the inflammatory bladder process, urethra and other organs of the urogenital system provoked by the STI.

In addition to the listed aids, the urologist-venereologist treats:

• Pacific rashes (candidiasis, etc.).
• Balanopostitis (this term is the inflammation of the penis head) and the inner sheet of the extreme flesh (provoked by the transmitted sexuality by polyimicrobial infection: staphylococcus, streptococcus, fungi).

In some cases, skin lesions in the groin area are the competence of the dermatovenerologist.

Andrologist-urologist

The doctor, in whose competence includes diagnostics, treatment and prevention of diseases of the male reproductive system. This list includes:

• sexual dysfunctions of different etiology;
• climax in men;
• male infertility;
• violation of the hormonal background of men, in particular, androgen synthesis failure;
• prostate diseases;
• oncology male sexual system.

Unlike andrologist, who specializes exclusively on violations of the reproductive and erectile functions of the body, an andrologist-urologist is also engaged in the pathologies of the bladder and urination disorders. In the case of physiological visual flaws of the genital organs, the patient can contact a surgeon-urologist.

Urologist-oncologist.

This is a highly specialized doctor, which diagnoses and treats a neoplasm in the organs of reproductive and urinary systems in the patients of both sexes.

The competence of the specialist includes:

• collection of anamnesis, determining the causes of generation of atypical cells, carrying out the necessary research and diagnosis;
• selection and appointment of drug therapy for the treatment of neoplasms, including selection of medicines for relieving or reducing pain syndrome in a patient at the terminal stage of the disease;
• surgical removal of tumors and oncotherapy;
• immunotherapy, which is aimed at rehabilitation and restoring the patient after removing malignant neoplasms;
• prevention of development of oncological diseases.

In most cases, the gynecologist is engaged in pathologies of the sexual system and women, so many do not understand when a woman should appeal to the urologist and that this doctor heals. The female doctor is diagnosed and treats the pathology of the urogenital system:

• Cystitis. Because of the special anatomical structure of its body, women are sick cystitis much more often of men. The short and wide urethra contributes to this disease, since pathogenic organisms are easily climbed into the bladder. Also cystitis can be caused by pathological processes in the intestines or be a consequence of sinusitis, furunculosis, influenza and tonsillitis (in this case, the infection penetrates into the bladder using blood flow). By itself, the bladder mucosa itself is rather resistant to infections, so provoking factor is needed to develop the disease - a decrease in immunity, hypothermia, exhaustion, overwork, transferred operations and severe diseases. Long-term reception of certain drugs and urolithiasis can also be caused by cystitis.
• Ureretrite (inflammation of the urethra), which is infectious and noncommunicable. Infectious inflammation of the urethra develops due to infection with sexually transmitted infection (the so-called specific urethritis) or intestinal stick, staphylococcal and streptococcus (non-specific urethritis). Non-infectious urethritis can be due to injury to the urethran mucosa with consuming with urolithiasis, the presence of urethra tumors, injury during cystoscopy or installation of catheter, allergies, gynecological diseases, blood stagnation in the pelvis and the first intimate proximity.
• Urolithiasis, which sometimes flows without any symptoms or is manifested by pain in the lumbar department that gives to the genitals.
• Chronic and acute insufficiency, which provokes violations of electrolyte, water and other types of exchange.
• Pyelonephritis is the inflammation of the kidneys due to the bacterial inflammatory process.
• Pathology of adrenal glands - adenoma of adrenal glands, hyperfunction of adrenal glands, etc.
• Urinary incontinence is an urgent or stressful. The urgent is called such an incontinence, which is characterized by the leakage of urine at an irresistible appeal to urination. Stress incontinence is an involuntary urination with cough, physical effort, laughter and sneezing.
• The bladder hyperactivity is Nikturia, stripped urination and urgent incontinence.
• A urinary fistula, which is characterized by urine getting into the vagina. If the fistula is small, the natural mechanism of urination is preserved. With a large defect, all urine can involuntarily flow through fistula.

Gynecologist urologist

The area of \u200b\u200bthe competence of a specialist includes diseases such as:

• Prolapse of genitals (protrusion), which can be diagnosed with more than 50% of women to one degree or another. Prolapse can be triggered by traumatic genus (especially if the child is large), numerous kinds and relaxation of the pelvic bottom muscles, congenital defects of the connective tissue, a mitral valve prolapse, excessive mobility of joints, etc. For any of the listed causes of the muscles, the pelvis cannot hold Its natural position, and the small pelvis organs fall through the entrance to the vagina. Thus, during the prolapse, the genitals may occur recovery (the fallout of the front wall of the rectum), cystocele (loss of the bladder), wastoptosis (fragment of the uterus), enterocele (loss of the small intestine) and colpoptosis (omission of vaginal walls). These pathologies provoke a lot of yormecological diseases.
• Bacterial vaginosis, i.e. Violation of vaginal microflora. Dysbiosis can be caused by supercooling, hormonal imbalance, stress, etc. The initial stage of dysbiosis proceeds without any symptoms, only the number and nature of the selection changes. Over time, the number of pathogenic bacteria increases and provokes inflammation of the vaginal walls and cervix.

Gynecologist-urologist is a new specialty that was formed from gynecology and urology, that is, at the junction of these two sciences

The gynecologist-urologist also treats sexually transmitted diseases.

Children's urologist

The duties of a children's urologist include diagnosis and therapy of diseases of the urinary systems of children and teenagers of both sexes.

The reason to appeal to a specialist can be:

• Enuresum, or urinary incontinence. Most often, it is observed at night and causes the immaturity of the nervous system of the child, overcooling in a dream, shallow sleeping, polyuria, weakness of the bladder, Rakhit, etc.
• Chronic or acute cystitis, acute urethritis. Since boys and girls anatomy of the urethra differs, girls are more likely to suffer from these diseases, which can be caused by violations of the chair, vulvivaginitis and diaper dermatitis. The boys the same disease is more often caused by the narrowing of the extreme flesh (phimosis). Until the two-year-old cystitis and urethritis amaze all organs of the urinary system, leading to cystopelonephritis.

Also a children's specialist treats:

• pyelonephritis;
• glomerulonephritis;
• hereditary nephropathy;
• tubulopathy;
• urol and polycystic diseases;
• congenital anatomical defects of the urinary tract organs.

The duties of a children's urologist include diagnosis and therapy of diseases of the urinary systems of children

Children's urologist-andrologist is engaged in such diseases as:

• penis and foreskin defects;
• wasyanka Eggs;
• hernia in newborns;
• varicocele;
• balanopostitis;
• cryptorchism.

Children's urvynecologist is engaged in the treatment of vulvovaginitis, vulvitov and congenital malfunctions.

When does an adult go to the urologist?

To contact the urologist should be as soon as possible if the following manifestations of the ailment are present:

• pain during urination;
• clouding or change of urine color;
• urination delays;
• constant feeling of a crowded bladder;
• lower abdominal pain;
• footprints and pus in Urin.

Men should visit the urologist if they have:

• urination frequent and it is accompanied by cutting pains;
• there was a feeling of burning in the crotch;
• the act of defecation causes pain in the rectum;
• partially or completely reduced sexual attraction;
• early or painful ejaculation;
• long night erection.

Women should visit the urologist with such phenomena as:

• frequent awakening in the toilet at night;
• pain or itching in the area of \u200b\u200bthe perineum, genitals, groin and lower back;
• rash, raid and erosion on the genitals;
• urinary incontinence with laugh, cough, physical effort, etc.

Show baby with a specialist when:

• symptoms pointing to cystitis. Breasts can be restless, crystal, while urination and urine becomes dark yellow. In children after a year, the temperature may also rise, watering the griste, the pain appears at the bottom of the abdomen or in the perineum and urinary incontinence;
• phimosis;
• the absence of testicles in the scrotum;
• allocations and other signs of inflammation of the genital organs in girls;
• itchy and painful rash on the head of the penis in boys.

At the reception of the urologist

The doctor's consultation takes place according to the following mechanism:

• collecting anamnesis and clarification of patient complaints;
• visual inspection and palpation of the painful area;
• laboratory test of blood and urine;
• Ultrasound of prostate and urinary tract organs;
• cystoscopic examination of the urethra and bladder;
• endoscopy Lohank kidney for biopsy or other research;
• inspection of urethra with a urethroscope;
• MRI of the urogenital system;
• unsoconant catheterization for measuring the amount of residual urine or washing the bladder;
• biopsy of the prostate or bladder;
• selection and purpose of drugs;
• drawing up a diet menu;
• appointment of surgical intervention.

What does the urologist do?

Before going to a urologist, patients want to know what he checks this specialist, and how can be prepared for visiting the doctor. From the floor and the age of the patient depends on what the doctor will pay attention to.

In men, the urologist checks the condition of the penis, scrotum, prostate gland (palpatorically through the rear pass) and lymph nodes in the groin area.

In women, the doctor checks the condition of the genital organs, ureter and bladder.

In order not to resort to a long and complex treatment of urological diseases, it is better to try to prevent them.

• Avoid hypothermia, especially in winter. It is always necessary to dress on the weather. In the summer, caution should be cautious and not swim in too cold water water. After bathing, you need to dry the swimsuit as soon as possible, so as not to be long in wet underwear.
• Try not to allow stagnation of blood flow in a small pelvis. Do not stay in place in place, and if you try to warm up and disperse the blood on the body.
• Strain the regular intimate life, the main thing, remember the means of protection against sex infections that can provoke cystitis or something worse.
• Typing diverse and correctly, refuse bad habits.
• Do not postpone the visit of the urologist, if there is a need for this, and do not engage in self-diagnosis and treatment.

After the information provided, you can not ask the question of whether the doctor is a urologist that treats in women and men, and boldly direct the application for a doctor with a decision while there is still a small problem that will be bisters eliminated the diagnosis and appointment of adequate treatment.

Men's diseases

Urology is engaged in the study of anomalous states, treatment and prevention of diseases of the urinary system. This medical direction is divided into men's, female and children. The specificity of the separation occurs in the age group and semi. Departure to diagnose and cure pathology in time and cure pathology. You need to know which specialist to contact.

Doctor urologist: what diseases treats

The urologist is a doctor who deals with the urethra, treats diseases of the kidneys, ureterals, prostate glands, genitals.

The doctor is treated at various states:

• Infections of urinary channels;
• Prostate;
• Cystitis;
• Infertility of men;
• Kidney stones;
• Oncological diseases of urinary tract;
• Enuresis.

A urologist adopts in participation together with other specialists in the treatment of kidneys from pyelonephritis, drug damage to organ, pathological deviations in diabetes, tumor states and infectious diseases. The doctor works in medical facilities in a separate office. When taking patients, visual inspection, advice, instrumental examinations. To clarify the diagnosis, assigns analyzes.

What takes a manologist's doctor

In men, the doctor treats the problems associated with infertility, inflammation processes in the urination channel, examines kidney stones and bladder, corrects men's pathologies. Strong half of humanity refers to a specialist with problems in the sexual system.

Male Doctor is engaged in the following states:

1. Prostate adenoma, often developing in men after 40 years. Increasingly, she moves the channel of urination and leads to a bad urine outflow. Without timely treatment, pathology can lead to sexual infections, emptying with blood or pus impurities.
2. Inflammation of seed bubbles, characterized by pain and complicated urination. The consequences may be sexual impotence, suppuration and operational intervention.
3. Orchite, inflammation of tissues in the testicles, cause, injury, allergic reactions, sex infections.
4. Tumor eggs of various etiology.
5. Phimosis, narrowing of extreme flesh.
6. Infectious infection of the sexual system: urethritis, cystitis, balanitis.
7. Urolithiasis.
8. Premature ejaculation, lack of potency.

After 50 years, men need to conduct a urological examination annually, in order to timely identify the pathological deviations of the prostate.

How is the inspection and what a urologist treats women

Treatment of female deviations of the urogenital system is yrognecology. The specialist conducts a survey, diagnosis and treatment of weaker sex representatives with complaints of urine incontinence, cutting with emptying, rapid enuresis, a feeling of gravity in the area of \u200b\u200bthe belt and pain at the bottom of the abdomen, a change in color and smell of urin.

The gynecologist treats the disease of the genital organs and deals in the reproduction system.

If, during examination, the doctor will suspect the disease of the urogenital system, it will send the patient to the survey to the yerhinecologist. This is the difference of 2 specialists. Women more often suffer from cystitis and urethritis. This is due to the physiological structure of the urinary system. In girls, a channel, withdrawing urine, short and wide, located next to the vagina, which contributes to the easy way pathogenic microflora.

What diseases treats urologist in women:

• Urolithiasis;
• Renal deviations, pyelonephritis;
• Urethritis;
• Cystitis;
• Oncological lesions of the urinary tract.

Some women after childbirth or in connection with the age changes weakened the muscles of the pelvic floor, and a rapid urination appears. This pathology is treated urologists. The body of a pregnant woman undergoes hormonal changes and more susceptible to various infectious diseases. At this time, the risk of developing pyelonephritis and the outlet of the stones increases. At first symptoms, you need to refer to the urologist.

The female doctor conducts a survey in a special chair after a detailed question of the patient. The doctor looks at the sexual lips, the channel of urination, feelings the bladder area and closes the kidneys. To establish the cause of soreness, prescribes blood and urine tests.

Information: Who is a urologist and that he treats in children

In childhood may appear:

• Cystitis;
• Balanit;
• Phimosis;
• Not omission of eggs in the scrotum;
• Not the correct location of the sexual flesh;
• Injuries of urination organs;
• Hypospadia, the location of the urethra at the bottom of the sexual organ;
• Varicose seed rope;
• Anomalies and inflammation of the ureters in girls.

A children's urologist is engaged in a survey and treatment of a sexual system, urinary channel, testicles, appendages, urethra. After birth, the boy must be examined by a urologist, which will determine the presence or absence of anomalies. In infant age, it is often necessary to bathe a child. In order to avoid infections of infections, beware of girls need to go to the go. Boys need to wash the penis and the scrotum with soap no less than once a week.

What does the urologist do when taking the patient

The main task of the urologist is the correct diagnosis and competent treatment. In the first visit, the specialist interrogates in detail the patient about the image of sexual life, the beginning of the disease, symptoms, signs and painful sensations.

To establish an accurate diagnosis, the specialist prescribes additional urine and blood tests that are informative enough. In the color, precipitate, the impurities of the protein in the urine can be assumed the presence of an existing disease. Increased level of leukocytes and soe, indicates inflammatory processes in the patient's body.

To instrumental research:

1. Cistoscopy, urinary bubble examination with a cystoscope, which is injected into the urethra. During manipulations, a thorough study of the urinary authority is carried out to identify inflammation and various neoplasms.
2. Urethroscopy, which studies the urinary channel.
3. Urography, checking determines the ability of the kidneys and the urogenital system to work normally. The patient is intravenously introduced a special substance. In proper work, a reaction occurs, according to which specialists determine the degree of the disease.
4. Cystography. A contrast substance is introduced into the bladder, which allows you to see the shape and wall of the organ, to identify tumors, stones and other pathologies.
5. Angiography. Research of vessels with a special substance that is entered into their lumen.
6. Ultrasound is carried out using a special apparatus for the study of the kidneys and bladder.

After the diagnosis is prescribed adequate treatment. In addition, a specialist makes records of the patient, conducting procedures and a prescribed course of medicines. The urologist is a complex and demanded profession.

At the reception of the urologist: how to prepare for inspection

Any symptoms of deviation in the urinary sector require immediate treatment, the main thing is to find a good specialist who carefully reaches exciting problems. It is better to use the services of the recommended doctor. If there is no such possibility to find clinics easily on Internet sites, see photos, experience and patient reviews about this specialist.

Reception Urologist passes according to standard procedures: survey, inspection, palpation, surrender tests and research. Before a visit to the specialist must be prepared. Non-case procedures will help the doctor to put an accurate diagnosis.

1. Refrain from sex links per day before receiving. Sometimes the tests of the sperm or smear are required.
2. It is desirable to empty the intestines and the bladder.
3. To contain genitals clean, but do not use antiseptics before a visit to the doctor.
4. Morally tune into questions of intimate character. Sometimes a young guy or teenager does not respond to the questions set, which complicates the formulation of the correct diagnosis.

If there is no possibility or desire to come to the clinic, a specialized doctor can serve at home. As a rule, these are paid medical services for private centers. To do this, you need to contact the medical clinic and order the departure of the urologist to the house. When visiting the patient, the doctor will make an inspection, will carry out a palpation of prostate and kidneys, in the presence of a portable apparatus will conduct an ultrasound.

Urologist (video)

Any discomfort in the urogenital system should alert a person and become a reason for timely appeal to the urologist. Competent treatment will allow preventing serious complications and lead a normal sex life.