Characteristics of the institutions of the socio-cultural sphere. Public organizations and movements as subjects of socio-cultural activities Organization of the socio-cultural sphere example

Branch of the federal state educational

institutions of higher vocational education

"St. Petersburg State University culture and arts"

in Veliky Novgorod

Coursework №1

“The state and ways of improving the organization

social and cultural activities

in the MKDC of the city of Pestovo.

Performed

2nd year SKD student:

Kolzakova A.V.

Checked by: Doctor of Cultural Studies,

Professor - Ariarsky M.A. .

Velikiy Novgorod

1. Introduction ………………3

2. I. The essence of the SKD and the characteristic main features of the management of an institution of the socio-cultural sphere…………………………………

3. 1.1 The concept and functions of "SKD".

4. 1.2 The concept and functions of leisure.

5. 1.3 Institutions and organizations of the socio-cultural sphere in the Russian Federation and regions

6. 1.4 Mass media institutions.

71.5 Cultural and leisure institutions.

1.6. The essence of managing ACS centers

Chapter II. The state of the access control system in the district inter-settlement cultural leisure center of the city of Pestovo

2.1. Characteristics of the regional inter-settlement cultural leisure center of Pestovo.

2.2 Analysis of the content of the CDS of mass events, group, circle and other types of work for 2009

2.2.1 The main directions and tasks of the "Inter-settlement cultural and leisure center" for 2009.

2.2.2 Development of amateur performances and holding of regional holidays and festivals.

2.2.3 Estimated development in the MKDC infrastructure for 2009.

Chapter III. Ways to improve the access control system in the regional inter-settlement cultural and leisure center of the city of Pestovo.

3.1 Promising programs to improve the activities of the ICDC.

Conclusion

Bibliography

Introduction.

Currently, the sociocultural situation is characterized by a number of negative processes that have emerged in the sphere of spiritual life - the loss of spiritual and moral guidelines, alienation from culture and art of children, youth and adults, a significant reduction in the financial security of cultural institutions, including the activities of modern cultural and leisure centers. centers.

The transition to market relations causes the need for constant enrichment of the content of the activities of cultural institutions, methods for its implementation and the search for new leisure technologies.

The main task of cultural institutions, as a social institution, is to develop social activity and the creative potential of the individual. Organization of various forms of leisure and recreation, creation of conditions for full self-realization in the field of leisure.

The infrastructure of the Social Sphere is great. The main development, which falls mainly on large cities and metropolitan areas. When in small towns and villages the main source of information and entertainment is television. The main reason for non-development in rural areas is not so much the difficult financial situation, but the lack of professional staff and support for methodological centers.

Relevance of this study lies in the need to develop and improve the work of the District Methodological Centers in order to improve the professional approach to solving socio-cultural problems in the leisure institutions of the Pestovsky district. The regional inter-settlement cultural and leisure center is not only a base providing methodological workshops to workers of rural houses of culture, but also a leisure center for the city of Pestovo and the Pestovsky district. In order to improve, develop and even simply prevent the disappearance of many rural houses of culture, it is necessary to look for solutions that contribute to the introduction of innovative methods of work in clubs and leisure institutions.

aim given term paper is to clarify the state of socio - cultural activities in the city of Pestovo and the Pestovsky district, as well as the rationale for ways to improve it.

Objectives of the course work :

To study the state of the access control system in the Pestovsky Intersettlement Cultural and Leisure Center.

Reveal the state of scientific understanding of the problem

Isolate the problems facing such a social institution.

To form proposals on ways to improve the access control system in the Pestovsky inter-settlement cultural and leisure center.

object research is the socio-cultural activities of the Pestovsky inter-settlement cultural and leisure center.

Subject research is the pedagogical process of improvement in the inter-settlement cultural and leisure center.

Research Base Pestovsky Intersettlement Cultural and Leisure Center.

Research hypothesis. The development of the Novgorod region can be ensured mainly through the accelerated development of culture, which, along with the implementation of its traditional functions, can assume the role of a locomotive of social economic development region.

The research methodology was based on the perception of a person as the highest value of society and culture, as a unique means of the comprehensive development of a person, society, region, country.

The research methodology was based on the study of objective documents: certificates, reports, scenarios, plans, reports and other documents reflecting the real state of affairs, on the study of statistical data on the material base of personnel and the content of activities. A special role was played by the method of direct and indirect observation and expert evaluation.

Practical significance manifested itself in the fact that the formulated recommendations can be used by the ICDC and other similar institutions, which will contribute to the improvement of the work of all substructures of this institution and increase the level of CDS in the Pestovsky district.

The following are submitted for defense:

Consideration of the ICDC of the district not as a unit of community of the same type of institutions, but as a separate object that differs in a number of ways.

I . The essence of the SKD and the characteristic main features of the management of an institution of the socio-cultural sphere.

1.1 The concept and functions of "SKD".

SKD is based on independent, amateur types of human cultural activity. SKD arises simultaneously with the release of free time in a person. Only having freed himself from the vital time spent on obtaining and preparing food, arranging a home and life, primitive man began to engage in art, applied arts, decorating his own tools, hunting, and household items in his spare time. The first rock paintings, relief images of animals, people, hunting scenes can be considered the first manifestations of cultural activity. Thus, the formation of the SKD took place in the form of a free manifestation of the amateur creativity of primitive man.

With regard to Russia, the Petrine transformations, reforms in the cultural life of the state, can be considered the initial stage in the development of SKD management as a profession. During the years of his reign (1682-1725), following the model of developed European states, Peter I introduces new holidays, state rituals, traditions, assemblies, etc. into public life. Peter I, by his decrees, appointed officials to government positions who were supposed to organize the work of new types of cultural institutions. During this period, the first state theaters, museums, libraries, parks appeared.

The second stage in the development of SKD management should be considered the appearance in the 18th-19th centuries. specialized educational institutions, which specialized mainly in certain types of art. The modest overall number of educational institutions is partly offset by the high level of training of specialists. The Academy of Arts opens in St. Petersburg (1757), which later received the status of the Imperial Academy (1764). Count S.G. Stroganov acts as the founder of an art and industrial school (Moscow, 1825). In the second half of the 19th century, professional musicians and composers were trained at the St. Petersburg (1862) and Moscow (1866) conservatories.

The third stage in the development of SKD management is associated with the October Revolution of 1917. After 1917, a new network of cultural institutions and educational institutions was created in Russia, which trained personnel for the new socialist system cultural enlightenment work. The creation of this system was reflected in the name of the first professional SKD managers Russian state. Organizers of librarianship, club affairs, museum affairs, etc. were singled out under the general name "political education workers". This period continued until the early 1930s.

The fourth stage in the development of CDS as a profession is associated with the loss of the ideological and political burden on cultural institutions, the acquisition of new production functions, the emergence of new types of educational institutions and specialties in the sociocultural sphere. A network of higher educational institutions of culture is actively developing, in a complex carrying out the training of specialists requested by practice.

The fifth stage is the final stage in the development of the SKD management (mid-1990 - to the present). It is characterized by a generalization of the previous experience of institutions and organizations in the socio-cultural sphere.

Modern SKD consists of many components: educational, political, creative, leisure, artistic and other types of social activities. Consequently, modern SKD is a synthetic type of professional cultural activity that has passed a long period of time. historical path formation and development, based on centuries-old national, educational and spiritual traditions, requiring from a specialist the knowledge and skills of research, teaching and learning, industrial and practical, scientific and methodological, expert and consulting work in the socio-cultural sphere.

SKD has a number of social characteristics, in particular:

"SKD is an integral part of the state and public life, its national and cultural basis.

"In addition to the spiritual sphere, SKD manifests itself in all the leading spheres of the life of the state and society.

"SKD is characterized by mass participation, dictated by the fact that this activity covers all groups and strata of the population without exception.

"The main carriers of SKD are:

Professional workers in the social sphere, including the sectors of culture and tourism.

Most of the Russian population involved in CDS on an amateur basis.

The importance of SKD is that it is not just an organization of leisure, but an organization for socially significant purposes: the satisfaction and development of cultural needs and interests of both an individual and society as a whole.

Functions of socio-cultural activities as a form of social practice that ensures the implementation of the mechanism for the assimilation of culture:

Adaptive-normative - primarily associated with the hominization of the personality, the development by the emerging individual of the basics of sanitary and hygienic culture, the culture of speech and other elementary human qualities, adaptation to society and its culture, the acquisition of the ability to self-control and self-regulation of behavior;

Educational and developmental - ensuring the development of cultural values, a consistent process of socialization, inculturation and individualization of the individual;

Transformative and creative, which assumes the involvement of the individual in the process of creating cultural values, in various forms of artistic, technical, social creativity;

Ecological and protective, concentrating on the formation of ecological culture, the preservation of cultural heritage, the natural and cultural environment;

Information and educational, expressed in the accumulation, storage and dissemination of information, in cultural and educational activities, in the formation of intellectual and other qualities, necessary for a person information society of the 21st century;

Integrative and communicative, realizing the dialogue of cultures, the mutual influence of local civilizations, the disclosure of the achievements of national and regional cultures, ensuring an adequate and humane perception of subcultures, the formation of a culture of business and informal relations;

Recreational and gaming, which provides for the formation of a festive, ritual and gaming culture, the provision of entertainment and entertainment leisure and psychological relaxation.

Each direction, each form of socio-cultural activity is based on its own technologies, has certain, sometimes unique features. However, there are factors that unite all those who are connected with this sphere of spiritual life. These are the principles of socio-cultural activity as the most general provisions that reflect objectively existing, internally conditioned, necessary and stable connections and relationships that develop in the process of creating, mastering, preserving and disseminating cultural values, and predetermining its direction, nature, content and forms:

Voluntariness and general accessibility of socio-cultural activities;

Development of initiative and amateur performance;

The complexity of using the culture-creating potential of nature and society;

Differentiation of the ideological and emotional impact on different groups population;

Continuity and consistency of the involvement of the individual in the world of culture;

Mutual influence and complementary impact of the implementation of the adaptive-normative, educational-developing, transformative-creative, environmental-protective, informational-educational, integrative-communicative and recreational-game functions;

Unity of information-logical and emotional-figurative impact on consciousness, feelings and behavior of people;

Aestheticization of public life.

Socio-cultural activity is an extremely capacious and complex concept. It integrates the work of an architect, writer or artist who creates cultural values, the work of a restorer, archivist or museum specialist who preserves the cultural heritage of mankind, the creative work of a teacher, head of an amateur association or organizer of leisure activities, spreading these values and involving more and more new people in the world of culture. . This activity can be institutional or non-institutional, professional or amateur, carried out individually or as part of a team.

KDD (cultural and leisure activities) is an integral part of the SKD, helps in solving many social problems with its peculiar means, forms, methods (art, folklore, holidays, rituals, etc.)

KPR (cultural and educational work) is also part of the SKD, but, unfortunately, is inefficiently used in activities cultural institutions(there are no lectures, lecture halls, public universities and other previously proven forms of educational work.

1.2 The concept and functions of leisure.

Knowledge of the SKD is necessary for the improvement and improvement of the cultural and leisure sphere.

Leisure is an activity that fills a person's free time. There are two forms of leisure organization: public and individual-personal.

Leisure activities:

Self-education

· Social activity

Consumption of cultural property

・Sports

Tourism and travel

· Entertainment

· Communication with people

Communication with nature

Passive rest

anti-social activities

Rational leisure is carefully planned leisure, which includes a large number of useful activities: entertaining, educational, creative and festive types of leisure. It is not difficult to form a culture of leisure by the example of other people. The main tasks of the CDU are to meet the cultural needs of the people, to elevate them and expand their range.

Leisure as part of free time has two functions:

Recreative, allowing you to relieve stress and restore strength through active rest;

Developing, allowing you to develop, assert yourself, fulfill yourself and show your personal qualities.

1.3 Institutions and organizations of the socio-cultural sphere in the Russian Federation and regions

Philosophy understands an institution as an element of social structure, historical forms of organization and regulation of social life. Socio-cultural institutions include numerous institutions and organizations through which the accumulation and transfer of cultural experience, the development of cultural forms of social life, and the acquisition of cultural knowledge are carried out.

The term "socio-cultural institution" refers to:

Family, state and municipal structures, production associations and enterprises, non-governmental public organizations, systems public education, mass media, special institutions of a socio-cultural profile: theaters, museums, libraries, etc.

A socio-cultural institute brings together people for joint activities to meet the socio-cultural needs of a person or solve specific socio-cultural problems.

Network of cultural and leisure institutions

A network is understood as an association (a network of libraries, a network of clubs ...), which is based on a territorial or departmental attribute.

Territorial sign takes into account the number of institutions at their location on the scale of the district, city, region, territory, etc.

Departmental sign takes into account the number of institutions by their subordination, by financing:

State

Municipal

Public

Commercial

Departmental

1.4 Mass media institutions.

Indispensable assistant in the implementation of social and cultural activities are information institutions. The mass media is a channel for the dissemination of cultural knowledge, norms and values, a tool for the development of mass consciousness in society.

Journalism as a productive activity based on subject-subject relations. Its product is the organization of continuous mass information of the population. The media audience (readers, viewers, listeners) is not only an object, but also a subject that independently decides whether or not to consume information products.

The role of the media in creating a panorama of specific events and problems specific to the modern socio-cultural sphere. The functions of the media as a socio-cultural institution:

Planning and broadcasting mass information flows with the participation of representatives of various fields of culture and art

Mutual cooperation with specialists in initiating and conducting various kinds social and cultural activities

Reproduction, interchange and mutual enrichment of socio-cultural technologies in the environment of objects of culture, art, leisure, sports.

Newspaper. Advantages: mass readership (everyone reads the newspaper), high selectivity (different groups of the population read different newspapers), the possibility of prompt and frequent publications. Flaws: short life newspapers, the limited capacity of newspaper space.

Magazine. Advantages: high selectivity, good quality material reproduction, long life, the prestige of many publications, including the desire to maintain a high image, the opportunity to read slowly Disadvantages: high financial costs for production, a long process of preparing products for publication.

Radio. Advantages: high mobility of response to events, relative cheapness for consumption, high selectivity for the consumer of information, the possibility of promptly making adjustments to transmissions. Disadvantages: few stations operating throughout the country, short life of the information message, relatively low prestige among the consumer.

The television. Advantages: access to a large, often multi-million audience, low production costs per viewer, high prestige (especially of individual channels and headings), geographic and economic selectivity Disadvantages: high financial costs of product production, short life of individual programs, non-guaranteed size audience, limited ability to buy the most popular time.

Technological progress acts as a source of economic impact on print and electronic media. Choice of TV programs, especially cable. Expansion of the TV market. Participation of TV studios and compact cable TV centers in the choice of their audience.

The use of the Internet network in the dissemination of socio-cultural information. The advantages of this source: focus on certain levels of users and fame in the world of computer circles.

1.5 Cultural and leisure institutions.

All CDUs operating in Russia are divided into several types, each of which includes a group of homogeneous institutions with characteristic features.

1. Art institutions - the Hermitage, Art Gallery, Tretyakov Gallery, Puppet and Mask Theater Opera and Ballet Theater Drama Theatre, Philharmonic, Concert Hall, etc.

2. Cultural and leisure institutions and tourism enterprises - Circus, travel company, local history museum, memorial and museum complex, sailor's club, Teacher's House, city museum, PKiO, clubs at the place of residence, concert and dance hall, children's creativity center, Actor's House , zoo, planetarium,

3. Institutions of culture - the Palace of Culture and Technology, the city House of Culture, theatrical and entertainment enterprise, the district House of Culture, the regional library, the children's library, the social and cultural institution.

4. Nowadays, virtual cultural institutions (Internet salons, Internet clubs) are becoming widespread.

Over the past 10 years there have been huge changes in the CDU system. Nowadays, citizens are given a wide choice, KDUs have appeared, designed for certain segments of the population based on experience in the West (clubs of businessmen, clubs of a leader-lady). The negative thing is that the network of rural CDUs (clubs, recreation centers, libraries) has been reduced. the state is unable to maintain this network.

Since cultural institutions are currently financed by negligible amounts compared to those required for the normal functioning of cultural and leisure work, the administration of the KDU is forced to look for its own ways to solve the material problem.

The management of an institution of the socio-cultural sphere is understood as a system of management activities that ensures the successful functioning of a wide variety of social institutions - organizations designed to carry out certain socially significant activities.

The socio-cultural sphere is a complex, ambiguous concept. Some authors define the socio-cultural sphere as a set of enterprises that produce a product related to the life of people, and in this case, the socio-cultural sphere includes many sectors of the economy, such as the automotive industry, manufacturing household appliances etc. Others invest in the concept of the socio-cultural sphere a set of enterprises that perform socio-cultural functions that are important for the cultural level of the whole society, in this case, a rather narrow list of enterprises falls into the socio-cultural sphere - theaters, libraries, clubs, museums.

Activities in the socio-cultural sphere are carried out by organizations, institutions, enterprises of various departmental affiliation (state, municipal, private, public organizations) and forms of ownership, as well as individuals.

Management in the socio-cultural sphere is of particular interest.

Firstly, because its technological content reveals all the wealth of management in general - as already mentioned, a variety of firms operate in the field of culture.

Secondly, the prospects for such consideration are important for understanding the possibilities of cooperation with the sphere of culture in other areas of business activity. The main feature of management in the socio-cultural sphere is that money in this area is earned mainly not on the basis of simple commerce, but on the basis of attracting funds from interested donors: sponsorship, patronage, charity.

Thirdly, another circumstance is even more obvious - the growing requirements for the managerial competence of specialists and workers in the socio-cultural sphere. The transition from a purely administrative-distributive technology of managing the sphere to an ever wider use of economic methods, from purely subsidized budgetary financing of structures to financing programs, to competition for budgetary funds, the need for a wide attraction of extrabudgetary funds, ideological and political pluralism, economic independence - all this is radical changes the requirements for the professionalism of a manager in the socio-cultural sphere. If earlier he saw himself mainly as an employee of the “ideological front”, a teacher-educator, now he should be practically oriented in marketing technologies in commercial and non-commercial activities, be an economically and legally competent specialist, in short, be fully competent in management issues, without any discounts on the notorious "specificity" of the sphere.

Moreover, this specificity itself does not lie in the “truncation” of management, but, on the contrary, in its broad application. The socio-cultural sphere includes activities both purely non-commercial and commercial (paid services), both local and (including in relation to the same type of activity) international scale.

This paper describes the social activities of the State Cultural Institution "Inter-settlement Cultural and Leisure Center", its development and activities carried out today. Based on the analysis of the above, the following conclusions can be drawn:

The ICBC, despite the difficult financial situation in the country, does not lose its gained strength in the field of culture and is rushing at full speed towards a more complete and perfect development.

On the this moment cannot cover all spheres of activity in the field of culture, but purposefully moves towards this.

The staff of the center conducts a large and varied ideological-educational and cultural-mass work with visitors by means of art.

The full implementation of the plans and ideas conceived is hindered by low funding, which does not allow inviting more famous people from other regions and the acquisition of new products in the field of technology.

Strong competition is the presence of private entertainment clubs in the city, which provide a variety of gaming, entertainment and recreational activities, which the ICBC cannot provide to residents of the city.

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Introduction

In today's world, one of the most important social issues becomes a question of interaction between the individual and society. It is no secret that now our civilization is developing at an extremely high pace, which leads to political, economic, social and moral instability. In such conditions, not only how society affects a person and what happens as a result of this impact becomes important, but also how a person himself influences society, transforming it and creating the most favorable situation for his own development. This process is long and continuous, and one of its most important parts is the cultural component, since a person throughout his life is an object of socio-cultural activity.

Relevance of the topic: In my opinion, this topic is relevant at any time. The organization of socio-cultural activities has a pronounced developmental character, which has a significant impact on the formation of a holistic personality, stimulates social activity and provides spiritual enrichment of a person. And it is also a high social significance of socio-cultural activities in modern society, continuous development and improvement of its technologies.

The purpose of the study: to identify and analyze the specifics of the organization of socio-cultural activities, as separate methods of the sphere of culture, as well as to characterize and identify the problems of socio-cultural activities on the example of an enterprise

Research objectives: To study the essence and specifics of the organization of socio-cultural activities and to identify its problems and ways to solve them using the organization as an example.

Theoretical aspects of socio-cultural activities

Basic concepts of socio-cultural activities

Socio-cultural activity is an activity aimed at creating conditions for the most complete development, self-affirmation and self-realization of an individual and a group (studios, circles, amateur associations) in the field of leisure. It includes all the variety of problems in organizing free time: communication, production and assimilation of cultural values, etc. Teachers-organizers have to participate in solving problems of the family, children, in solving problems in the historical, cultural, environmental, religious, etc. spheres, in creating a favorable environment for SKD and initiatives of the population in the field of leisure. KDD (cultural and leisure activities) is an integral part of the SKD, helps in solving many social problems with its peculiar means, forms, methods (art, folklore, holidays, rituals, etc.) KPR (cultural and educational work) is also part of the SKD, but, unfortunately, it is inefficiently used in the activities of cultural institutions (there are no lectures, lecture halls, public universities and other previously proven forms of educational work.

The importance of socio-cultural activity is that it is not just an organization of leisure, but an organization for socially significant purposes: the satisfaction and development of cultural needs and interests of both an individual and society as a whole. The activities of the KDU (institutions) are currently organized on the basis of a document published in 1992 - "Fundamentals of the legislation of the Russian Federation on culture." It clearly defines “cultural activities”, “cultural values”, “cultural benefits”, “creative activity”, etc., the main areas of state activity in the field of culture (protection of monuments, folk art, art crafts, fiction, cinematography, etc.), as well as the fundamental rights of citizens in the field of cultural activities.

Subject and object of social and cultural activity.

Socio-cultural institutions, institutions and organizations as subjects of socio-cultural activities. The leading social institutions and communities are the family, the micro-society, the church, state and non-state institutions, organizations and associations: educational (educational), socio-cultural, industrial, social protection, charitable, artistic and creative, sports and others. Their special purpose as subjects of socio-cultural activities.

The audience of cultural and leisure institutions, institutions and organizations as an object of social and cultural activities. Socio-psychological and pedagogical principles of typology of the object of socio-cultural activity. Mass, group and individual objects of cultural and leisure activities. Differentiation of the object of cultural and leisure activities, taking into account specifically manifested interests, needs, value orientations as an important condition for its typology.

The concept of open and closed, organized and unorganized, permanent and episodic audience. Real and potential object of cultural and leisure activities.

SKD features:

carried out in free time;

It is distinguished by freedom of choice, voluntariness, activity, etc.;

It is characterized by a variety of species;

The Russian Federation has a large number of institutions that create conditions for access control (museum, library, club, etc.)

Distinctive features of SKD:

· humanistic character;

cultural character;

developmental character.

The totality of social functions of activity in the field of culture, education, leisure is historically the result of many years of social and pedagogical experience accumulated by cultural and educational institutions, democratic institutions, public organizations and movements. This experience is largely based on a socially oriented approach to the analysis of the traditional activities of objects of the socio-cultural sphere.

The main organizational and legal entities of the socio-cultural sphere are institutions. Institutions, like other non-profit organizations, appeared in response to the inability of commercial structures to meet the total public demand for social public goods (education, science, health, culture, etc.). The territorial sign takes into account the number of institutions at their location on the scale of the district, city, region, territory, etc.

Under the system of institutions of the socio-cultural sphere is understood the totality of socio-cultural, leisure institutions operating within a particular territorial entity.

A network of institutions of the social and cultural sphere is understood as an association (a network of libraries, a network of clubs ...), which is based on a territorial or departmental attribute.

The departmental sign takes into account the number of institutions by their subordination, by financing:

State and municipal (local budget);

Public (trade union, various societies);

- commercial and private (state of emergency, etc.);

Departmental (House of the Teacher, DORA, etc.)

Until 1917, the KDU network was poorly developed. It was not the government that was involved in its development, but Russian educators (Radishchev, Fonvizin, and others, late 18th century) These were libraries, museums, theaters as forms of out-of-school education:

1830 - public libraries;

1834 - libraries in 18 cities of Russia, mid-19th century. - Sunday schools, folk theaters, etc., were created on the initiative of the revolutionary-minded intelligentsia.

70s - rural, city libraries (by the 90s - about 3 thousand);

– public professional theaters;

80s - Sunday-evening schools for workers;

90s - people's houses and people's theater;

The network of schools for adults is growing.

People's houses were built at the expense of the owners of plants and factories and contained a library, a reading room, an auditorium and a tea room.

By 1903, there were about 10,000 free libraries in the countryside.

Thus, by 1917, a network of institutions was created - schools and courses for adults, people's houses, people's universities, public libraries. The network was small, the KPU were located in large cities up to the Urals.

Since the beginning of the 21st century, the network of club institutions has been growing:

The cinema chain is reborn

The museum network is growing

Network of theaters (including non-state)

Network of private gambling clubs

A museum is a scientific research or scientific and educational institution that stores, acquires, studies and popularizes monuments of natural history, material and spiritual culture.

In many cases, the reasons for the emergence of museums are similar to those for which, several centuries before, nation-states arose. Museums, first of all, were called upon to carry out the state ideology, as well as to be collectors, accumulators and distributors of information formed by this ideology. They were supposed to serve the state policy and carry it out on the ground. In response to this, the state sent a part of its financial and other material resources to cultural institutions. In particular, museums were charged with the obligation to collect and store everything related to the culture, social and natural history of a given country or territory.

The museum fund is a collection of monuments of natural history, material and spiritual culture, which are under the jurisdiction of museums, permanent exhibitions, scientific institutions and educational institutions. The museum fund also includes collections and individual items collected by various expeditions and having a museum value.

Types of museums - scientific and educational, research, educational.

The profiles of museums are historical, technical, agricultural, natural sciences, art history, literature, memorial, complex, local history, etc.

Museums are historical (expositions are dedicated to historical events), local history (a story about the native land and the people inhabiting it - the local history museum), zoological (the exposition includes stuffed animals, etc.), museums of enterprises, museums dedicated to certain types of activities), at present At the same time, even in many schools, "Rooms of Glory" are open - small museums with an exposition about the most outstanding graduates. Museums of painting (Tretyakov Gallery, Hermitage, Museum of Fine Arts), as well as museums dedicated to historical figures (Pushkin Museum, Lenin Museum, Tolstoy Estate Museum, etc.)

Very popular in our time are the so-called "Kunstkammers" - museums of wax figures, the expositions of which are trying to most authentically reproduce famous people or other people (exhibition "Courtyard of Empress Catherine", "Anomalies of the human body", etc.) The museum can be dedicated to any one event ("Little Land", a panorama museum in Novorossiysk). Museum expositions can be located on its historical place(“Kursk Bulge” is an open-air museum).

A club is a public organization that voluntarily unites groups of people for the purpose of communication related to various interests, as well as for recreation and entertainment. Club institutions are mass cultural and educational institutions that organize leisure and contribute to the development of the creative abilities of the population.

All CDUs operating in Russia are divided into several types, each of which includes a group of homogeneous institutions with characteristic features.

Libraries are subdivided according to the purpose and nature of work, the composition of book collections, the scale of activities, museums, club institutions, sanatorium, sports and recreation and tourist and excursion Centers (with libraries, museums, clubs, etc. located on their basis), socially - cultural complexes and centers, entertainment arts institutions (music halls, theaters, circuses, philharmonic societies, etc.), lecture propaganda institutions (lecture halls, planetariums), exhibitions and exhibition halls (VDNH is also being revived), institutions for children and adolescents (Houses Children's creativity, Aesthetic Education Centers, etc.). Nowadays, virtual cultural institutions (Internet salons, Internet clubs) are widely used.

In 1928, the TsPKiO was founded in Moscow, thus, the foundation was laid for the creation of new cultural institutions - parks of Culture and Recreation. After the Second World War, PKiO, like other cultural institutions, significantly expanded the scope of their activities, increasingly being involved in holding mass holidays.

A park as a cultural institution is a piece of land with natural or planted vegetation, alleys, ponds, etc., intended for walking, entertainment, public holidays for the population, as well as the operation of various attractions. PKiO is a seasonal institution, operating only in the warm season - from late spring to early autumn.

The main activities of the park:

– holding traditional (and national) holidays together with city cultural centers (including national ones);

– holding music and song festivals;

– holding creative meetings with artists;

- holding performances and concerts with the participation of creative teams of the city;

- holding theatrical holidays, folk festivals, fairs (Maslenitsa, City Day, Neptune Day, etc. - with the involvement of creative, trade organizations);

- holding family days of rest;

– conducting cognitive-game and music programs for children of primary and secondary school age and for teenagers, youth discos;

– holding events for people of middle and older age, taking into account their creative interests (amateur associations, evenings “For those who are over…”);

– provision of paid services to the population (attractions, costume rental, phonograms, services of a graphic designer).

SCC and Leisure Centers are a state cultural institution, which include clubs and circles of various directions, amateur art groups, and methodological departments. The main tasks of the SKTs and TsD are:

– creation of conditions for active recreation of the population;

- providing opportunities for creative self-realization;

- an individual or an artistic group;

- amateur performances;

– provision of services to the population (including paid ones);

– methodological assistance to the organizers of the KDD of schools, clubs, and other organizations;

- playing and concert activities.

SKTS and Leisure Centers perform the following functions:

– entertaining – providing conditions for gaming activity(group, individual, mass games, slot machines);

– physical culture and health – organization of sports and entertainment events, creation of conditions for playing sports;

- educational - the organization of circles, interest clubs and amateur associations with the aim of teaching certain skills of any activity;

- stimulation of creative activity - holding theatrical performances, concerts, exhibitions, literary and artistic programs;

- leisure communication - holding morning performances for children and evenings of rest for adults of different ages;

- informational - providing methodological, scenario and organizational assistance in holding events to schools, kindergartens, clubs, enterprises and organizations.

As well as the SKTs and TsD carry out the creation of creative and technical workshops, the rental of equipment and costumes, the implementation of social and creative orders.

Carrying out their creative tasks, the SCC and the Central House set themselves the main goal in their work: the creation of a single concept that determines the qualitative side of the cultural and mass work of the city, the introduction of new progressive forms of work, the preservation, improvement and development of amateur groups. The main activities of the Social and Cultural Center are: the development of the cultural life of the city, the creation of a favorable cultural environment, support various forms social and cultural activities of the population of the city, satisfaction of public needs in cultural and leisure activities, development of folk art. The main task of the Leisure Centers is to provide paid services to the population and create conditions for active recreation.

SKTs and TsD have the charter, the director directs them, but representatives of all associations of SKTs and TsD take part in discussion of all projects. The Artistic Council supervises the director's work.

The following circles, associations and amateur art groups can operate on the basis of the SKTs and TsD:

- choirs and chapels;

- choreographic groups;

- song and dance ensembles

- amateur theatrical groups;

- vocal groups;

- variety studios;

– fashion studios and theaters;

– hobby groups for adults and children (applied, creative, technical);

- circus troupes;

The methodological department of the SKC and TsD is engaged in the development of scenarios and the preparation and organization of leisure, concert and other programs. The responsibilities of the logistics and administrative and economic departments include providing the KDD with the necessary materials. The SCC and the Central House require a graphic designer (development and production of scenery), head of musical design (recording of musical phonograms, selection of music for scenarios, musical design of concerts, performances, game programs, matinees, evenings of rest.

Sanatoriums and resorts are medical and preventive institutions for the treatment of natural and physiotherapeutic means and active recreation of citizens. KDD in sanatorium-resort institutions involves the holding of competitive programs based on the age of vacationing groups, relay races, mass holidays (Neptune's Day) and dance evenings. It is not uncommon in sanatorium-resort, especially children's, institutions (camps "Eaglet", "Ocean") so-called "creative races", when groups of vacationers are recruited based on their creative passions (pop song performers, "young artists", amateur activists). Amateur activities of vacationers are widely developed in the resort network (the famous contests “Hello, we are looking for talents”).

Sports and recreation institutions - these currently include sports and recreation complexes, whose activities are aimed at organizing the population of all ages into sports clubs of interest, holding competitions and sports days.

Tourist and excursion establishments - in our time, these are, first of all, tourist and excursion bureaus, the network of which has recently been widely developed in our country.

Tourism as a form of active leisure has been widely developed in Soviet time. Each worker had the opportunity, if desired, to visit not only domestic tourist routes - the departure of tourist groups to countries of a socialist orientation was practiced. With the advent of new, market relations, international tourism has become less accessible to all segments of society (for material reasons), but has significantly expanded its boundaries. Now you can visit almost any country.

Currently, more than 15,000 organizations operate in Russia, the main activity of which is tourism, and more than 35,000 include tourism. With the creation of a new tourism market infrastructure, the issues of replenishing the state budget through tourism activities, stimulating the development of other sectors of the national economy (trade, transport, communications, production of consumer goods), as well as the constitutional rights of citizens to rest, are successfully resolved.

Tourism is one of the dynamically developing industries in Russia, although its state support is carried out on a residual basis.

In the tourism industry from 1991 to 20086, about 800 thousand jobs were created and saved.

2 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SYSTEM OF INSTITUTIONS IN THE SOCIO-CULTURAL SPHERE ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE CITY OF KRASNODAR REGION

By the number of cultural and leisure institutions and amateur groups, including children's groups, by the number of club formations and the number of participants in them, the region is in the top ten in Russia. They remain the centers of the most massive, public leisure activities, allowing the population to realize their interests and hobbies, and creative abilities.

The region's museums have unique collections that have taken part in Russian and international exhibition projects: "Gold of the Amazons" (France, Toulouse), "Arnold Schoenberg and Wassily Kandinsky. Dialogue of painting and music”, “Sound and image. Music in Russian art of the XI-XX centuries” (Moscow), “V.V. Kandinsky. From the funds of Russian museums” (Japan, Tokyo), “Natalia Goncharova. Years in Russia” (St. Petersburg), “Malevich and Cinematography” (Portugal, Lisbon), “The Queen of Hearts of the Russian Avant-Garde” (Moscow). Every year about 2 million people visit state and municipal museums of the region.

A significant niche in the organization of leisure of the population of the region is occupied by the activities of institutions of a cultural and leisure type of the system of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation.

The entire multidisciplinary network of institutions has been preserved and is developing in the region - these are libraries, cultural and leisure institutions and parks, museums and theaters, concert organizations, cinemas and film installations, educational institutions of culture and art.

As of January 1, 2010, there are 1,041 public (public) libraries of the Ministry of Culture in the Krasnodar Territory Russian Federation, of which 829 are located in rural areas, 4 libraries of the level of the subject of the Federation.

The number of municipal libraries of the region increased by 3 units:

- Municipal formation Bryukhovetsky district: Rural library of the house of culture "Luch" municipal institution"Cultural and leisure center" of the Bryukhovets rural settlement;

- Municipal formation Labinsk district: municipal institution of the municipal formation Labinsk district "Inter-settlement library";

- Municipal formation Kurganinsky district: Rural library of the village of Pervomaysky of the municipal cultural institution "Kurganinskaya inter-settlement centralized library system".

The largest libraries of the region:

Libraries at the level of the subject of the Federation: GUK "Krasnodar Regional Universal Scientific Library named after I.I. A.S. Pushkin"; GUK "Krasnodar Regional Children's Library named after the Ignatov brothers"; GUK "Krasnodar Regional Youth Library named after I.F. Varavva"; GUK "Krasnodar Regional Special Library named after I.I. A.P. Chekhov";

The largest libraries at the municipal level:

- central city Library(TsGB) Novorossiysk;

- Central City Hospital of Sochi;

- Central City Hospital of Armavir;

— central children's library of Armavir;

- Central City Hospital of Krasnodar;

- Central City Hospital of Tuapse;

- Central City Hospital, Kropotkin;

- Central City Hospital of the resort city of Anapa.

In 2010, the Krasnodar Regional Universal Scientific Library. A.S. Pushkin celebrated its 110th anniversary. By this date, the following publications have been prepared:

- bibliographic guide "Library them. A.S. Pushkin on the pages of books and periodicals in 2000-2010. (Krasnodar, 2010);

- bibliographic index "Pushkin in the XXI century. Library publishing activity 2000-2010” (Krasnodar, 2010).

KKUNB them. A.S. Pushkin is the largest library in the Kuban, an information center, a true center of education and culture, and also the owner of the richest universal fund in the region - 1.2 ml. copies. The richest collection rare books and manuscripts has over 10 thousand volumes, including books of the 16th century, Mezhyhirsky and Donskoy monasteries. The local lore fund contains more than 50 thousand volumes - a national treasure not only of the Kuban, but of the whole of Russia. His pre-revolutionary collection is the most unique.

In 2009, the library received 12011 copies of new editions. and up to 700 titles of periodicals.

The library is constantly in demand by residents of the city and the region. In 2009, 46667 users of various categories were served: scientists, specialists, students and pensioners. Book lending amounted to 1,462,000 thousand copies. The library was visited by 156 thousand people.

The structure of the library includes 26 subdivisions, of which 16 literature lending departments have been opened in 10 service departments, providing a differentiated service to readers.

Library them. brothers Ignatov - documented the emergence of the Central City Children's Hospital. KIM, as an independent unit, was recorded on August 8, 1933. The Children's Library was then the only institution in the city for out-of-school education. There was no permanent building. During 1933 the library moved from one district to another 6 times. 500 rubles were allocated for the acquisition. There were 2070 copies in the fund. (more than half - in Ukrainian). There were twice as many readers as there were books. The library fund is almost 200,000 documents. The number of records in the databases is almost 200 thousand. The library subscribes to more than 300 titles of periodicals. We have over 30,000 children and teenagers reading.

Today in the structure of the library. A.P. Chekhov includes 4 branches in the cities of Armavir, Yeysk, Krasnodar, Labinsk and 36 library lending points for literature, 20 of which are at the libraries of the region, 14 at the primary organizations of the VOS and 2 at educational specialized educational institutions in the city of Armavir.

Library users are more than 5800 residents of the Krasnodar Territory with different categories of disabilities, different ages, social status, having different interests and needs, including children and adolescents. Every year, on average, readers are given more than 250,000 copies of documents, there are 32 loud reading circles, 11 Braille study circles, and more than 1,600 public events.

Children's Art School. V.A. of the Ptashinsky city of Krasnodar was included in the encyclopedia "Gifted children - the future of Russia", which is published by the Spets-Address publishing house.

The Children's Art School in Krasnodar was founded in 1947. From 1953 to 1968, the educational institution was headed by Vladimir Ptashinsky - a talented artist, teacher and collector who made a huge contribution to the formation of the school and the development of the socio-cultural sphere of the region. In 1990, the Krasnodar Children's Art School was named after him.

Currently, more than 600 students aged 8 to 18 and older are studying at the art school in three departments. The institution employs 14 teachers with higher qualification category, two - the title of "Honored Worker of Culture of the Kuban", five are members of the Union of Artists of the Russian Federation.

The school has art history and arts and crafts classes; ceramics workshop and computer technology room; The media class is equipped with modern equipment.

Krasnodar Regional Universal Scientific Library named after A.S. Pushkin was founded on February 10, 1900 in honor of the 100th anniversary of the poet's birth. Today it is the largest repository of domestic and foreign literature in the Kuban, a center of information, education and culture, local history bibliography and a methodological center for regional libraries.

The book collections of the library number 1 million 200 thousand items and include books, magazines, newspapers, sheet music, gramophone records, laser-optical discs, video cassettes.

Over 45,000 readers visit the library every year, and over 1.5 million publications are issued to them.

The collection of rare books includes over 10,000 volumes, including a unique collection of books in the Cyrillic script of the 16th century, books from the Mezhygorsk and Donskoy monasteries, lifetime editions of works by Russian writers, more than 50,000 volumes are a national treasure not only of the Kuban, but of the whole of Russia. His pre-revolutionary collection is the most unique.

The Krasnodar State Historical and Archaeological Museum-Reserve named after E.D. Felitsyn is one of the leading museum institutions of the local history profile in Russia. The head museum was established in 1879, the museum-reserve was established in 1977. By the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation, it is classified as an object of federal (all-Russian) significance.

The museum-reserve includes the head local history museum in Krasnodar, the Timashev Museum of the Stepanov family, the Anapa Archaeological Museum, the Temryuk Historical and Archaeological Museum, and the Taman Museum Complex.

The museum is a methodological center for the museums of the North Caucasus region, the coordinator of the work of the Southern Branch of the Scientific Council of Historical and Local Lore Museums under the Ministry of Culture and Mass Communications of the Russian Federation.

More than 350,000 original exhibits are stored in the funds of the museum-reserve, including unique collections of ancient arts and crafts, archeology, materials on nature, history, and ethnography of the Kuban.

The stock exhibitions of the museum were successfully exhibited in Moscow, St. Petersburg, regions of Russia, as well as in Germany, France, Colombia, Yugoslavia, Switzerland, and Japan. A significant event in the cultural life was the display in France and Russia of the exhibition "Gold of the Amazons", organized jointly with the museums of the Rostov region.

In 2007, the regalia of the Kuban Cossack Army were returned to their native land, the exhibition of which in the museum became milestone on the way of restoration of historical justice, revival of Cossack traditions.
Every year the museum-reserve is visited by more than 500 thousand residents and guests of the Kuban, exhibitions, regional reviews and competitions are actively held.
The museum-reserve has personnel highest qualification, including doctors and candidates of sciences, developers and participants of international, Russian and regional projects and programs. Scientific conferences, traditional "Felitsyn Readings", "Stepanov Readings" are held annually, books, collections of articles and messages are published.

The museum initiated cooperation with historical reconstruction clubs and other public youth associations. Since 2007, the festival has been held in the region by the club of historical reconstruction "Black Sea Borders".

The Krasnodar State Historical and Archaeological Museum-Reserve named after E.D. Felitsyn uses the experience of the State Historical Museum, the Russian Ethnographic Museum and the museums of the North Caucasus.

The Krasnodar Regional Art Museum, founded by Yekaterinodar art lover Fyodor Akimovich Kovalenko in 1904, is currently one of the leading art museums in southern Russia.

The collection of the museum, numbering more than 11 thousand items, contains unique collections of ancient Russian icon painting, domestic art of the 18th-20th centuries, foreign art of the 17th-19th centuries, Japanese woodcuts, works of Kuban artists.

At the end of the 20th century, the personal collections of academician L.F. Ilyichev, Honored Artist of Russia A.E. Glukhovtsev, A.I. Slutsky were transferred to the museum funds, which became an integral part of the historical and cultural heritage of the Kuban.

In terms of the composition of the art collection, the museum ranks among the best provincial museum institutions in the country. The museum actively participates in international, Russian and regional projects: (“ golden card Russia”, “The Hermitage to the South of Russia”, “The Great Utopia”, “Moscow-Berlin”, “Amazons of the Avant-Garde”, “Dialogue between Painting and Music”, “Malevich and Cinematography”, “Warsaw - Moscow. Moscow - Warsaw. 1900 - 2000", "V.V. Kandinsky", "Russia and the Avant-Garde", "Hello, Motherland!", "Boris Kustodiev", "Young Palette", etc.

Works from the museum's funds were successfully exhibited in Italy, France, Germany, USA, Australia, Portugal, Japan, Poland, China and other countries of the world.

The museum has opened an information and educational center "Russian Museum: a virtual branch", which is of great importance for the popularization of the national artistic, historical and cultural heritage among young people.

The museum pays constant attention to educational and charitable activities, implementing a long-term partnership project for orphanages "Mosaic of Kindness", serving cities and regions of the Kuban with traveling exhibitions and multimedia programs.

The museum was the initiator of holding a pan-European cultural action "Night of Museums" in the region, which has become a new traditional spring youth holiday.

The Krasnodar Regional Exhibition Hall of Fine Arts was founded in 1989. The first exhibition took place in 1990. The hall is the main exhibition area of the Southern federal district. Over the years of operation, it has become one of the most visited cultural institutions, a center for the popularization of contemporary fine arts, works by artists of Russia and the Kuban, a traditional venue for regional art exhibitions »South of Russia. Peace to the Caucasus”, regional professional competitions in the field of fine arts “BIENNALE”.

The Novorossiysk Historical Museum-Reserve is one of the largest museum-reserves of the military-historical profile of Russia, which, in addition to the main expositions, includes objects from the period of the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945, monument-ensemble "Malaya Zemlya", house-museum of N.A. Ostrovsky, exhibition hall.

The head museum was founded in 1916. The Novorossiysk State Historical Museum-Reserve was founded in 1987. In 1995, the museum was classified as an object of historical and cultural heritage of federal (all-Russian) significance.

More than 150,000 authentic items, wartime relics, monuments of history and nature, ethnographic materials are stored in the funds of the museum-reserve.

Every year, about 200 thousand residents and guests of the region visit the objects of the museum-reserve. The exhibition and educational activities of the museum play an important role in the military-patriotic and moral education of the youth of the Kuban.

For the creation of stationary exhibitions "Old Novorossiysk" and "Nature of the Novorossiysk region", a group of employees of the museum-reserve was awarded the prize of the administration of the Krasnodar Territory in the field of science, education and culture. The museum actively conducts research work on the period of the Great Patriotic War, organizes scientific and practical conferences, carries out publications in Russian and regional publications on the problems of military history and museum collections, actively participates in regional and city events and festivals.

The Krasnodar State Academic Drama Theater was founded in January 1920 as "the first Soviet drama theater named after Lunacharsky". Initially, it was located in the building of the Winter Theater (now the Krasnodar Philharmonic), since 1973 - in a new building on October Revolution Square with a large and chamber halls. In 1980 the theater was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor. In 1996, the theater was awarded the title of "academic".

The repertoire of the Krasnodar Yuri Grigorovich Ballet Theater includes 14 performances of Russian and world musical classics. The theater participated in art festivals in Europe, America, Asian countries. Four times he toured with great success in St. Petersburg on the stage of the Mariinsky Theatre.

The first mention of the Krasnodar Regional Puppet Theater dates back to April 1939. In the spirit of the times, it was called the Krasnodar traveling collective farm and state farm puppet theater. S. Marshak stood at the origins of the creation of the first theater for children in the Kuban.

Among the concert organizations of the region, a special place belongs to the State Academic Kuban Cossack Choir, which for more than three decades has been permanently led by the People's Artist of Russia and Ukraine, laureate of the State Prize of Russia, Hero of Labor of Kuban V.G. Zakharchenko. An outstanding creative team of the country, leading from the Kuban Military Singing Choir, the State Academic Kuban Cossack Choir has a glorious, original history marked by high artistic achievements. The team has won twice All-Russian competitions state folk choirs, laureate of numerous international competitions and festivals was awarded the Order of Friendship of Peoples, awarded the State Prize. T. G. Shevchenko of the Republic of Ukraine. He was warmly received by the audience in more than 100 countries of the world. He worthily bears the banner of the original Cossack art of the Kuban.

The creative association "Premiere" is successfully operating in the region, which in 2007 was named after its creator, the People's Artist of Russia, laureate of the State Theater Prize. F. Volkov, Hero of Labor of Kuban L.G. Gatova. As part of the creative association Musical Theater and Yuri Grigorovich Ballet Theatre, Youth Theater and the New Puppet Theatre, Premiere Musical Show Theatre, symphony, jazz, brass bands, Premier Orchestra of string instruments, ensembles Krinitsa and Rodnik , children's song theater and other creative groups. Creative teams of TO "Premiere" tour abroad a lot, successfully presenting Russian art at prestigious festivals in Germany and Japan. The artists have been on tour in France, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Lebanon, Turkey, USA, UK.

The Krasnodar Philharmonic Society was founded on May 10, 1939. Such masters of arts as Lyudmila Zykina, Iosif Kobzon, Boris Shtokolov, Zurab Sotkilava, Nikolai Petrov, Anna Netrebko, Valery Gergiev performed on the stage of the Krasnodar Philharmonic.

Today, the Krasnodar Philharmonic is one of the largest concert organizations in the south of Russia, with a rich creativity, and enriched with the achievements of modern concert practice, continues best traditions Russian Philharmonic. In 2007, by order of the governor of the region A.N. Tkachev, the Krasnodar Philharmonic was named after the outstanding Russian composer, People's Artist of the USSR G.F. Ponomarenko, whose life and creative path was associated with the Kuban for more than a quarter of a century. In 2009 the Krasnodar Philharmonic celebrates its 70th anniversary.

The Kuban preschool education network is represented by a wide range of educational services, taking into account the age and individual characteristics of the child, and the needs of the family.

Currently, pre-school institutions are developing with various priority areas for children's activities. Variable forms of preschool education continue to develop. Groups of short-term stay of children in kindergarten including for children with disabilities.

Much attention is paid to the content of the education of preschoolers, variable programs, teaching aids are used, special attention is paid to the regional component of educational programs and pre-school preparation of children from 5.5 years old. All this significantly enriches the content of preschool education.

Particular attention in the region is paid to creating favorable conditions in kindergartens for the full development of children, as well as pedagogical technologies aimed at preserving and strengthening the health of pupils. Correctional assistance to children with health and developmental problems is provided by qualified specialists.

Systematic work to improve the health of preschoolers, the search and development of new forms of work with children in this direction, the creation of the necessary conditions and the existing base for the improvement of children allow us to reduce the incidence every year.

In 2010, the regional long-term target program "Development of the system of preschool education in the Krasnodar Territory" for 2010-2015 was adopted. The implementation of the program will make it possible to build more than 20 new kindergartens and introduce more than 8.5 thousand preschool places.

Program "Creating a Developing Environment and Strengthening the Material and Technical Base preschool institutions” allowed to purchase and upgrade 50% of the gaming and sports equipment for kindergartens. 85.5 million rubles were spent for these purposes.

A separate place in the sphere of education, science and culture of the region is occupied by higher educational institutions of the region - large scientific and educational institutions that train specialists in almost all branches of knowledge. There are 11 state institutions of higher education in the region. These are the classical, agrarian, technological, medical universities, the University of Culture and Arts, the University of Physical Education, Sports and Tourism, the Armavir Pedagogical University, the Maritime Academy. F.F. Ushakov, Sochi University of Tourism and Resort Business and others. In addition, leading universities of the country have opened their branches in the Kuban, such as the Russian University of Trade and Economics (in Krasnodar), Russian University Friendship of Peoples (in Sochi), Russian State Social University and others.

Preschool education remains one of the priority areas in the education system of the Kuban. There are many problems and tasks to be solved, efforts to be directed to its modernization and transformation.

In 2010, 1,195 day general education institutions (OS) operated in the system of general education with a student population of 481,214. Among general education institutions, there are 48 primary schools, including 19 schools-kindergartens. There are also 196 basic and 944 secondary ones, of which 47 gymnasiums, 21 lyceums and one school with in-depth study of individual subjects. In addition, the region carries out educational activities 5 Cossack cadet corps, one cadet naval boarding school, one boarding school with initial flight training. There are also 24 non-state general education schools in the region.

Work continues on the development of a network of classes and groups of cadets and Cossacks, the number of which is increasing every year.

Resource centers for the training of highly qualified personnel are being opened on the basis of vocational education institutions.

In institutions of primary vocational education, training is carried out according to professions for the industrial, agro-industrial, construction, transport sectors, the sanatorium complex, the trade and service sector.

Types and specifics of enterprises in the socio-cultural sphere. Classification of SCS organizations:

by form of ownership;
by type of product (service) or result of activity;
according to the way of doing business.

Feature of the finance of the socio-cultural sphere. The main sources of funding for organizations in the socio-cultural sphere:

centralized (direct budget financing, target programs, indirect financing,state awards, grants, preferential tariffs, target off-budget funds);
decentralized (commercial activities of the SCS enterprise; copyright; internationalprojects and programs; cooperation of SCS organizations with business and society and in the form of sponsorship, charity, patronage; fundraising) Formation of expenses of SCS enterprises on the basis of budget and regulatory planning. The role and significance of the system of minimum social standards in the Russian Federation. State minimum social standards (GMSS) as the minimum required level of social guarantees for the population established in the Russian Federation. The main types of GMSS. Benefits of using standards and norms in calculating the budgetary needs of SCS organizations.

Russia's transition to a market economic model is accompanied by a transformation of property relations, a radical change in social relations between people and their associations regarding material goods. The specificity of the sectors of the socio-cultural sphere initially determined the need for non-standard decisions made in the process of regulating property relations in them. In addition, the objective difficulties of the transition period led to the complication of the institutional structure of industries, and also exacerbated the financial problems of institutions and organizations in the sectors of the socio-cultural sphere, mainly the public sector - state and newly emerging private non-profit and commercial structures.

Property relations are formed under the influence of the prevailing economic relations and socio-economic conditions of life. This general theoretical premise is modified in a certain way in the sectors of the socio-cultural sphere, which are, firstly, mainly the sphere public consciousness and, secondly, a combination of industries, institutions, economic entities. In addition, in the sectors of the socio-cultural sphere there is a large amount of intangible factors and results of production, which determines the existence of a special kind of non-property relations of ownership that are not typical for most industries.

Market relations in Russia have led to the emergence of various forms of ownership in the socio-cultural sphere, the formation of which occurs under the influence of both economic and non-economic factors. Let us consider possible approaches to the classification of organizations in the socio-cultural sphere. The main signs may be the following:

1. Classification by form of ownership

At present, classifying organizations of the socio-cultural sphere by forms of ownership, we can distinguish:

A) enterprises and organizations of federal property and property of subjects of the Russian Federation;

B) enterprises and organizations of municipal property:

C) enterprises and organizations of private property of legal entities and individuals.

2. Classification by type of product (result of activity)

This feature is due to the variety of products (services) created and sold by organizations in the socio-cultural sphere. Using it, you can identify organizations

A) producing material products e.g. CD production, art studios and workshops, handicraft factories, printing houses, film studios, etc.:

b) providing material services e.g. specialized restoration companies and workshops, audio and video recording studios, photo studios, housing and communal and household facilities;

V) providing services with a possible material (including financial) result, for example, all organizations of the gambling and gaming business: casinos, sweepstakes, billiard halls, slot machines, computer games etc.;

G) providing predominantly intangible services, for example, in this group, three subgroups can be distinguished depending on the types of intangible services:

Cultural - theaters, museums, philharmonic societies, exhibition halls, clubs, leisure centers, etc.;
Educational - educational institutions, secondary and higher educational institutions;
Information - libraries, archives, advertising and information agencies, the Internet, etc.;

D) carrying out mainly trade in objects and means of culture — artistic

salons and shops, antique shops, stores selling musical equipment, CDs, cassettes, books, etc.

3. Classification on way of doing business

This criterion makes it possible to attribute specific organizations of the socio-cultural sphere to a certain type of economic activity, due to the prevailing goals and objectives. There are the following types economic activity:

A) commercial business type is based on the principles of a market economy, the main thing at the same time is to extract profit from the production and sale of a particular service or product:

B) non-commercial type of management due to the predominance of the content aspect of activity in the hierarchy of goals: the preservation of artistic values and traditions, the maintenance of the prestige of the nation and the state, the city, the aesthetic and moral education of the population, especially children and adolescents: the development of art and other types of cultural activities as self-valuable areas of public life. These organizations of the socio-cultural sphere are either budgetary, i.e. receive part of their income from the budgets of various levels; or maintained at the expense of various departments, public organizations, private donations and other sources.

V) mixed type of management suggests that non-commercial in their purposes and tasks of the enterprise carry out entrepreneurial activity, and the income received from this activity is directed to its development. Naturally, such enterprises are in a more profitable economic situation compared to purely non-profit organizations. For example, educational schools are budget organizations, and state universities mainly have a mixed type of management.

Social policy is aimed at creating the most favorable, optimal conditions for recreation, for the development of people's spiritual and creative abilities. Social and cultural work with vacationers of health resorts (resorts, sanatoriums, houses and recreation centers, dispensaries) and tourists (at tourist bases and motor ships, in tourist hotels and tourist trips) is also subordinated to these goals.

A distinctive feature of the organization of leisure in sanatorium-resort, sports and health-improving and tourist-excursion centers is the integration of recreation, health promotion, spiritual enrichment and versatile development of the individual.

Within the limits of the recreational, health-improving, treatment period established by the voucher, vacationers are outside their permanent residence and are not directly related to their main profession.

(unrecognized area)

The recreational function maximally contributes to the full rest of people, the restoration of their physical and spiritual strength, the organization of active leisure activities and entertainment, providing a variety of activities, a change of impressions, a positive emotional mood, relieving stress and fatigue.

In leisure programs for vacationers, all these functions are closely interconnected and complement each other. There are a number of features in their implementation. Cultural and leisure activities in health resorts and tourist institutions are built in accordance with their main purpose - the restoration of strength and health of people. That is why the recreational therapeutic function of leisure and leisure activities is of paramount importance here.

Due to the continuity and duration of the entire period of vacation or treatment of people, the leisure program in health resorts and tourist institutions is diverse, provides for the unity of information-developing, communicative and recreational elements, is carried out at different times of the day, for example, not only in the evening, but also in the morning. and daytime hours. The logic of leisure here implies a transition from the simplest leisure activities, when a person only needs to relieve tension and psychologically relax, to more saturated, active, intense forms.

In terms of its orientation, the content of leisure in health resorts and tourist institutions includes: concert, entertainment and film services; library work; theatrical and sports festivals; organization of evenings of questions and answers, oral magazines, theme evenings, mass festivities, taking into account significant dates calendar and in accordance with the profile of a health resort or a tourist institution, literary, musical and local history, dance evenings, discos, game competitions, etc.

Among leisure forms, excursions have the greatest information and developmental content. According to survey data, the majority of vacationers in health resorts and tourists consider excursions to be the most favorite events. The popularity of the tour is due to a number of reasons.

This is, firstly, a wide variety of topics and content: excursions on historical topics, natural history (landscape, botanical, geological, hydrogeological, etc.), literary and art history, on architectural and urban planning topics, overview (multifaceted) business, commercial, which acquaint representatives of business circles with the activities of industrial agricultural trade enterprises. For vacationers, usually as tourists, young people, among whom many will have to choose their own path in life, such excursions are also career guidance.

Excursions attract with a variety of elements of recreation and recreation in nature (swimming, picking berries and mushrooms, etc.) and modes of transportation, since walking tours and excursions-walks are supplemented by transport (bus, motor ships, aircraft).

Balashikha, Moscow region, leisure part of the voluntary association of the microdistrict of Makeevka);

interdepartmental club centers and studios for early aesthetic education of children, functioning in the system of aesthetic education;

interdepartmental centers and clubs of technical creativity of children and adolescents in the city or microdistrict, including workshops for the creation, maintenance and repair of amateur equipment, test benches, rooms and platforms for checking and demonstrating completed structures (the leisure part of the educational and educational production association "Children's Republic "Dukhovshchina, Smolensk region, club" Kinap "Odessa, etc.).

A separate group is made up of micro-district preschool centers and complexes of a developing type. With the participation of teachers, parents, schools, clubs, enterprises, public organizations, they carry out developmental programs in areas that contribute to the spiritual and physical formation of the child.

Thus, each complex or center is a kind of arena of social and cultural (educational, developing, creative, entertaining, health-improving) activities of individuals and groups. In principle, the possibilities for such activities exist in any variant of a socio-cultural leisure center: a discotheque, a video salon, a folklore theater or a fashion theater, a family club, a game library, etc.

The variety of social and cultural centers and complexes that actually exist in practice and in projects is due to many reasons. Their variability, in essence, is a natural reaction of society to emerging gaps and unexplored "blank spots" in the socio-cultural sphere.

At the same time, most state-public, departmental and interdepartmental, commercial and non-commercial leisure centers are characterized by a number of common initial functional features. They are taken as a basis even in the process of designing centers and leisure zones. Knowledge of them is necessary for every social worker, social educator, sociologist, culturologist, economist of the socio-cultural sphere, who are equally responsible for both the development of projects and their implementation.

The basis for the creation of regional complexes and leisure-type centers is the intersection of three main parameters - the cultural one itself, reflecting the cultural situation in the region; social, characterizing the state and trends in the development of the social sphere; purely territorial (settlement), representing the economic-geographical, ethnic and other features of the region. Almost each of the parameters in itself serves as a basis for searching for the most preferable structure of the socio-cultural complex and center, the priority areas of its activity.

The pronounced social openness of leisure centers is reflected in the creation of zones and sectors of free communication, love

tstelstviya, skill. Favorable conditions in them not only contribute to the self-development and self-education of the individual, but also ensure the freedom of self-promotion of children, adolescents, adults to truly creative leisure activities. The search for non-standard approaches and solutions is due to the fact that leisure activities of modern society, due to the differentiation of interests and demands of the population, no longer fit into the rigid framework of traditional forms.

Zones of amateurism and mastery, where every inhabitant of the society is guaranteed a choice of leisure activities, can also claim the status of an author's school: adults captivate children and adolescents with their favorite work, and the leisure community that has arisen on this basis gets an opportunity for creative self-organization, self-expression and self-affirmation. It is logical to conclude that author's schools, which were previously associated mainly with the school educational process, are now becoming a natural and necessary attribute of the socio-cultural sphere.

Despite the differences in content and approaches, diverse socio-cultural centers are distinguished by a common feature for all - their integrative function in the public education of children and adolescents. Based on the study environment they contribute to the socialization of their leisure time through strengthening and enriching the ties and relationships of the child, adolescent with family and society. This is precisely the important role of leisure centers as intermediaries between the social environment and the microcosm of the individual. The centers introduce into the practice of working in society many alternative, traditional and non-traditional, mass and group forms with a pronounced leisure orientation and communication mechanisms: "family - children", "family - family", "children - children" and "children - adolescents - adults." Here you can distinguish various options for children's and family holidays and festivals: Mother's Days, Father's Days, Grandparents' Days, game family competitions-competitions "Sports family", "Musical family", "Scholarly family", etc., competitions for family, parent newspapers, family craft fairs, reader conferences such as "Family Reading Circle", etc. On the basis of the centers, invariant models of children's, teenage and mixed family clubs and amateur associations, folklore groups, amateur ensembles, ethnographic expeditions, family workshops of applied arts function.

Many forms of social, psychological rehabilitation of children, adolescents, adults are being tested, primarily from incomplete, difficult, poor, young, large families: helplines, open telephones, consultations of psychologists, doctors, teachers, lawyers, social living rooms, communication groups and family education clubs, etc. In these and other forms, children, adolescents, adults comprehend the complex, multifaceted experience of socio-cultural activities, overcome internal conflicts, lack of mutual trust in families and in society, gain opportunities for the implementation of creative ideas.

In working with the population, open-type leisure centers follow the principles of competition, mutual respect, trust and attention of participants to each other, individual approach and unity of interests of the individual and the team.

The structure of a socio-cultural complex or center is based on the interaction of professional or semi-professional work of organizers in the person of full-time social workers, teachers, directors on the one hand, and on the other hand, developing, creative, playful, entertaining, recreational activities of all participants: children, adolescents, youth , adults.

Separately taken social institutions (club, library, park, museum, school, cinema, etc.) cease to be autonomous sources of culture for the inhabitants of the region, but become, within the framework of the complex, a structure that provides full-fledged cultural services to the population.

Socio-cultural complexes and leisure centers are one- or multi-profile organizations of a free, entrepreneurial, initiative character. They are created on the basis of a voluntary association of state, public, private, cooperative, departmental institutions of culture, sports, public education, information, advertising, services, etc. and have the status of a legal entity. Their opening is carried out according to the territorial production principle by combining on a contractual basis certain socio-cultural, leisure and related formations that retain the status of an independent legal entity. The purpose of their creation is the integration of socio-cultural objects related in their tasks, the use of favorable conditions for the realization of the creative leisure potential of its structural units and formations, the organization of joint large-scale regional events, the development and implementation of socio-cultural programs.

The economic basis of the activities of the centers is the economic mechanism, which includes the use of budgetary and extrabudgetary appropriations, subsidies and proceeds from the equity participation of various departments, enterprises, institutions, public organizations, income from the provision of paid services, self-sustaining teams, rent, etc.

On the basis of the centers, even today there are ample opportunities for developing practical skills and abilities. various types modern social worker - organizer of children's, teenage, family and other leisure communities.

Chapter Four

BASICS OF THE METHOD (TECHNOLOGIES)

Characteristics of the institutions of the socio-cultural sphere. Public organizations and movements as subjects of socio-cultural activities Organization of the socio-cultural sphere example

Introduction

Theoretical aspects of socio-cultural activities

Basic concepts of socio-cultural activities

2 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SYSTEM OF INSTITUTIONS IN THE SOCIO-CULTURAL SPHERE ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE CITY OF KRASNODAR REGION

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