Accounting in budgetary organizations. Basic accounting transactions - examples Chart of accounts table with breakdown
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Accounting chart of accounts for 2018 (download)
Russian firms, as before, must use the Chart of Accounts for Accounting - 2018 without fail. Consider which legal acts regulate the 2018 chart of accounts and how to correctly apply this document.
What is an accounting chart of accounts
Accounting charts are consolidated documents approved by federal regulatory legal acts. There are several industry-specific flavors of these documents.
Thus, the chart of accounts of accounting for the commercial sphere was approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated October 31, 2000 No. 94n. Russian taxpayers should use this document as a basis for creating an internal accounting work plan (paragraph 4 of the Instructions for the application of the chart of accounts approved by Order No. 94n).
The accounting plan is a key source for filling out the documents that make up the balance sheet of the organization. A little later, we'll look at how their components relate to each other.
In accordance with the accounts of the internal work plan, firms operating in the Russian Federation carry out standardized accounting for various business transactions related to asset management, fulfillment of obligations, spending funds, generating income, etc.
The main elements of the chart of accounts approved by the Ministry of Finance for private companies are as follows:
- numbers and names of main accounts;
- numbers and names of sub-accounts.
Forming its own work plan, the organization is not entitled to change the first 2 parameters, but the parameters of subaccounts can. If necessary, the firm can also approve additional sub-accounts.
As a rule, in order to effectively reflect business transactions, the accounts proposed by the Ministry of Finance require further detailing. The firm can do this by introducing its own analytical accounts, in addition to those fixed in Order No. 94n.
Let's consider what other accounting plans are.
What regulatory legal acts approved charts of accounts for financial and economic activities
Above, we noted that commercial organizations are obliged to form accounting work plans based on the provisions of Order No. 94n. This RLA may supplement sources of law that adapt accounting legislation to the activities of certain categories of taxpayers. Among such normative acts is the order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated December 21, 1998 No. 64n, which approved the recommendations on maintaining accounting for small businesses.
The need for accounting is also legally enshrined for state and municipal organizations. The main regulatory legal act establishing the accounting plan for such structures is the order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 01.12.2010 No. 157n. There are also sources of law that complement it:
- order of 16.12.2010 No. 174n, which approved the accounting plan for budgetary institutions;
- order No. 183n dated 23.12.2010, which approved the accounting plan for autonomous institutions.
In turn, state organizations are required to work within the framework of budgetary accounting - a subspecies of accounting, adapted mainly for accounting for non-commercial financial transactions. The corresponding chart of accounts is given in the order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 06.12.2010 No. 162n.
A separate accounting plan was approved for banks operating in the Russian Federation, by the regulation of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation dated February 27, 2017 No. 579-P.
A separate accounting plan for non-credit financial institutions, approved by the Bank of Russia dated 02.09.2015 No. 486-P. Non-credit financial structures include, in particular, insurance companies. Thus, in the Russian Federation there are several types of accounting charts. But the main one for the commercial sphere is traditionally considered to be the one approved by Order No. 94n. We will study its features, in particular, we will determine who needs to use it.
Who should use the BU chart of accounts
The chart of accounts of accounting approved by Order No. 94n should be used by organizations that, in accordance with the law, are obliged, firstly, to keep accounting, and secondly, to apply the double entry method in the process of maintaining it. These are all business entities in the Russian Federation, except for:
- credit and state (municipal) institutions;
- branches and representative offices of foreign firms.
Individual entrepreneurs and branches of foreign companies have the right not to keep accounting at all. Micro-enterprises and NPOs may not use double entry and therefore not use the accounts recorded in Order No. 94n (clause 2.1 of the information of the Ministry of Finance of Russia No. PZ-3/2015). But in practice, this turns out to be not very convenient, so micro-enterprises in one way or another still use accounts from among those approved by the Ministry of Finance.
For some enterprises, the legislator establishes a preference in the form of the ability to maintain a simplified working chart of accounts for accounting. Let's consider this aspect in more detail.
Who can use the simplified accounting chart of accounts
In accordance with the information of the Ministry of Finance of Russia No. PZ-3/2015, the preference in question can be used by:
- small businesses;
- firms working in Skolkovo.
The use of a simplified accounting chart of accounts presupposes, first of all, a reduction in the number of synthetic accounts used in the work plan structure. Another indulgence is the ability not to use accounting registers (clause 4.1 of information No. PZ-3/2015).
Table of the chart of accounts of accounting with subaccounts: correlation with the balance sheet
So, a significant part of Russian firms are obliged to work with a standard accounting chart of accounts. The complete accounting plan is reflected in order No. 94n in the form of a table. Its structure consists of 8 sections. Let's consider the connection of these sections, including accounts and sub-accounts, with sections of the balance sheet.
The accounts of section 1 of the accounting plan are intended to reflect transactions with non-current assets. The balances on these accounts are the source of data for the formation of the lines of the balance sheet in terms of non-current assets.
The accounts of section 2 of the accounting plan are used to reflect business operations for production inventories. The account balance of section 2 is used to fill in the section reflecting current assets in the balance sheet. For a similar purpose, data from sections 3 "Production costs", 4 "Finished goods and goods" and 5 "Cash" of the accounting plan are used.
Read about the reflection on the accounting accounts of individual transactions in our materials:
The indicators reflected in the accounts included in Section 6 "Calculations" are used to reflect information on accounts receivable and payable (including long-term).
How to reflect the issuance of reporting amounts, look in the material.
In sections 7 "Capital" and 8 "Financial results" of the chart of accounts of accounting, there are accounts that reflect data on capital, targeted financing, and the financial result of the organization.
For profitability analysis, see the article .
The procedure for reflecting retained earnings can be found in the article.
New chart of accounts for accounting from 2018
Did 2018 bring any legislative adjustments to the Chart of Accounts? The answer to this question depends on the scope of the relevant document.
Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia No. 94n, used by commercial firms, was issued quite a long time ago - about 15 years ago. It can be noted that since that moment, changes have been made to it 3 times:
- by order of 07.05.2003 No. 38n;
- by order of 18.09.2006 No. 115n;
- by order of 08.11.2010 No. 142n.
Thus, the provisions of Order No. 94n have not been corrected for almost 7 years. So there is no need to say that in 2018 a new accounting plan for commercial firms appeared.
State and municipal organizations are another matter. The legislator is very active in terms of adjusting the accounting policy of budgetary structures, especially in the main normative legal acts regulating accounting in budgetary structures - order No. 157n.
Read more about the structure of the budget accounting account in the article .
Where can I download the chart of accounts of accounting
You can download the current chart of accounts for accounting, which should be used by commercial organizations, on our website.
This document is fully consistent with the provisions of Order No. 94n.
Outcome
In the Russian Federation, various charts of accounts are used for budgetary, autonomous, state institutions, credit and non-credit financial organizations, commercial organizations. For organizations in the commercial sphere, the chart of accounts was approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 31.10.2000 No. 94n. Small businesses can use a simplified chart of accounts recommended by the Ministry of Finance in order of December 21, 1998 No. 64n. Each organization must develop a working chart of accounts independently and approve it in the accounting policy.
Chart of accounts of accounting in budgetary organizations: important provisions, clarifications and analysis of the latest amendments.
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About the concept
The chart of accounts acts as an ordered list of accounts adopted in accounting and combined depending on the purpose of accounting.
The Unified Chart of Accounts and the Instruction to it, approved by the decree of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation of 01.12.2010 No. 157n, regulate accounting in state organizations.
Such formations are divided into:
- autonomous;
- budget;
- state-owned.
Science, education, health care and other state-important sectors are the areas of activity of budgetary organizations. In the form of budgetary institutions, state funds for supporting scientific and innovative activities can also be established. (Clause 1 Article 15.1 of the Law of August 23, 1996 No. 127-FZ).
The chart of accounts for budgetary organizations and the instructions for its use have been approved.
PS has been used by institutions since 2011. On its basis, organizations form their own working document based on the Chart of Accounts. It reflects only those synthetic accounts that are characteristic of the recipient of budget money.
A budgetary institution has the authority, on the basis of the theses of the Instruction for the use of the Chart of Accounts for government organizations, to involve auxiliary analytical, which ensure the creation in accounting of additional data required by various users of the accounting statements of these institutions.
Structure and table
The account, as a unit of accounting, helps to organize the assets, debts of the institution and the HHF. In the accounting of budgetary organizations, accounts are active or passive, in contrast to commercial organizations, where there are active-passive accounts:
- On active accounts are the accounting of the organization's property, their resources.
- On passive the accounts reflect the sources of funding.
Let's consider it in more detail, taking into account the changes that need to be taken into account in 2019:
- In the working Chart of Accounts of the institution, during synthetic accounting, it is customary to display zeros in the first seventeen digits, and when establishing transactions, show zero values \u200b\u200bin the first fourteen, unless otherwise specified in the accounting policy.
- Following are codes of the type of inflows or outflows, corresponding to the code of the type of expenses and other groups. They are indicated in the next three digits.
It should be noted that the list of types of expenses has been cut for budgetary institutions. They can apply codes to
- employee salaries;
- purchase of goods;
- payment of taxes and fees, etc.
These are only partial elements of whole groups of expense types. More details can be found in the list of acceptable CWR in the letter.
Note! From 1.01 2019, in 1-4 digits, instead of zeros, the code of the type of institution function is driven in. (See paragraph two of December 31, 2015 No. 227n).
In the 18th category, the financial security code is indicated. Below are the main codes listed in Order No. 157n:
1 - at the expense of budgetary receipts;
2 - at the expense of funds earned on their own;
3 - funds on a temporary basis;
4 - payments for the execution of instructions from the state;
5 - payments for other tasks;
6 - payments for the tasks of implementing capital investments;
7 - receipts for.
The synthetic account code is shown from 19 to 21 digits, and the serial number or analytical account is displayed in the 22nd and 23rd digits.
It is worth considering! From 2019, the name of the respective analytical account must include the name of the suitable account and the designation of the codification indicator of the type of inflows or outflows in brackets.
accounting in budgetary organizations
Composition
The chart of accounts has five sections of balance sheet accounts and off-balance sheet accounts... Each section brings together information about different groups of assets and liabilities:
- First section dedicated to non-financial assets. These include fixed assets, intangible assets, non-produced assets, investments in leased items, etc.
- Second section characterizes financial assets. These accounts are provided to reflect the presence and movement of liquid funds, cash investments, advances issued and other settlements with debtors of budgetary institutions.
- Third section “Commitments” discloses what the organization has and budget.
- Section four dedicated to financial results. The accounts of this section are specialized for the presentation of the results of financial activities.
- Accounts fifth section "Authorization of expenditures" is necessary to combine data on the process of implementation of instructions by a budgetary institution, including on the acceptance and (or) implementation of obligations by the institution for a given financial year.
In addition to the balance sheet accounts, the PS also covers the accounts recorded beyond the balance sheet. They are encrypted with two digits. Off-balance sheet accounts reflect:
- property accepted for use;
- strict reporting forms;
- obligations;
- shares in, etc.
Instructions for the use of PS
In Appendix 2 of Law No. 174n it is indicated. It defines the system for displaying property, debts and events in the economic life of the institution.
Budgetary organizations are guided by the Instruction on the use of the Unified Chart of Accounts and this Instruction.
The Instructions are classified in more detail:
- accounts;
- divided into synthetic and analytical;
- the correspondence of accounts for major events is commented.
In the absence of suitable wiring in the current Instruction, the organization has every reason to develop its own, with the agreement of not breaking the law.
Substation with explanations and postings
For clarity, we will give an example of how to create an active debit account for such a fact of economic life as the acceptance of newly built buildings on the balance sheet. The documentary registration of this operation is carried out through an act of acceptance and transfer of objects or a receipt order.
The resulting debit account 0.101.11.130 corresponds to the credit account 0.106.11.310, which means an increase in investments in fixed assets - the institution's real estate.
Consider another typical operation: an institution as a tax authority with the accrued salaries of employees. In this case, there will be an increase in arrears on payments to the budget. This operation is documented using the payroll.
For most accounts, the KOSGU code is uniquely determined by whether it is a debit or credit of the account.
Review of recent changes
Consider some recent changes by order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated November 16, 2019 No. 209nissued by the Ministry of Justice. A complete list of amendments can be found in the original source.
- In the Chart of Accounts, the changes affected the names of the accounts themselves (for example, the previously named account "Estimated (planned) appointments" began to include, among others, the definition of "forecast").
- Also, new analytical accounts were added to some accounts. For example, the account "Income of an economic entity" previously included eleven analytical accounts, and with the new rules, another analytical account, 040110174 "Lost income" appeared.
- In the Instruction to the Chart of Accounts, there were many more configurations. Only in 2019 was it clarified what is meant by the 24-26th digit of the account number. The regulations for the formation of some accounts were more precisely defined (for example, 020400000 "Financial investments" from 1 to 17 digits includes zero values).
- To organize management accounting, now, at the request of the founder, you can specify from 1 to 17 digits instead of zeros analytical codes of inflows and outflows. This opportunity should be spelled out in the accounting policy.
- The changes affected correspondences of some accounts (not all cases were considered):
- We excluded the correspondence of accounts 040120272 for Debit and 010537440 for Credit when transferring the value of the sold SOE to the costs of this fiscal year.
- We created the correspondence of accounts 021013.560 for Debit and 021012660 for Credit, which characterizes the recalculation of the total value added tax on advances taken for withholding.
- Changed the entry: Debit 050209000 Credit 050201000 to Debit 050299000 Credit 050201000 for the operation of obtaining liabilities by using the reserve for future expenses.
Video: Unified PS
We send letters with the main discussions of the week
Accounting chart of accounts for 2018 (download)
Russian firms, as before, must use the Chart of Accounts for Accounting - 2018 without fail. Consider which legal acts regulate the 2018 chart of accounts and how to correctly apply this document.
What is an accounting chart of accounts
Accounting charts are consolidated documents approved by federal regulatory legal acts. There are several industry-specific flavors of these documents.
Thus, the chart of accounts of accounting for the commercial sphere was approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated October 31, 2000 No. 94n. Russian taxpayers should use this document as a basis for creating an internal accounting work plan (paragraph 4 of the Instructions for the application of the chart of accounts approved by Order No. 94n).
The accounting plan is a key source for filling out the documents that make up the balance sheet of the organization. A little later, we'll look at how their components relate to each other.
In accordance with the accounts of the internal work plan, firms operating in the Russian Federation carry out standardized accounting for various business transactions related to asset management, fulfillment of obligations, spending funds, generating income, etc.
The main elements of the chart of accounts approved by the Ministry of Finance for private companies are as follows:
- numbers and names of main accounts;
- numbers and names of sub-accounts.
Forming its own work plan, the organization is not entitled to change the first 2 parameters, but the parameters of subaccounts can. If necessary, the firm can also approve additional sub-accounts.
As a rule, in order to effectively reflect business transactions, the accounts proposed by the Ministry of Finance require further detailing. The firm can do this by introducing its own analytical accounts, in addition to those fixed in Order No. 94n.
Let's consider what other accounting plans are.
What regulatory legal acts approved charts of accounts for financial and economic activities
Above, we noted that commercial organizations are obliged to form accounting work plans based on the provisions of Order No. 94n. This RLA may supplement sources of law that adapt accounting legislation to the activities of certain categories of taxpayers. Among such normative acts is the order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated December 21, 1998 No. 64n, which approved the recommendations on maintaining accounting for small businesses.
The need for accounting is also legally enshrined for state and municipal organizations. The main regulatory legal act establishing the accounting plan for such structures is the order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 01.12.2010 No. 157n. There are also sources of law that complement it:
- order of 16.12.2010 No. 174n, which approved the accounting plan for budgetary institutions;
- order No. 183n dated 23.12.2010, which approved the accounting plan for autonomous institutions.
In turn, state organizations are required to work within the framework of budgetary accounting - a subspecies of accounting, adapted mainly for accounting for non-commercial financial transactions. The corresponding chart of accounts is given in the order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 06.12.2010 No. 162n.
A separate accounting plan was approved for banks operating in the Russian Federation, by the regulation of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation dated February 27, 2017 No. 579-P.
A separate accounting plan for non-credit financial institutions, approved by the Bank of Russia dated 02.09.2015 No. 486-P. Non-credit financial structures include, in particular, insurance companies. Thus, in the Russian Federation there are several types of accounting charts. But the main one for the commercial sphere is traditionally considered to be the one approved by Order No. 94n. We will study its features, in particular, we will determine who needs to use it.
Who should use the BU chart of accounts
The chart of accounts of accounting approved by Order No. 94n should be used by organizations that, in accordance with the law, are obliged, firstly, to keep accounting, and secondly, to apply the double entry method in the process of maintaining it. These are all business entities in the Russian Federation, except for:
- credit and state (municipal) institutions;
- branches and representative offices of foreign firms.
Individual entrepreneurs and branches of foreign companies have the right not to keep accounting at all. Micro-enterprises and NPOs may not use double entry and therefore not use the accounts recorded in Order No. 94n (clause 2.1 of the information of the Ministry of Finance of Russia No. PZ-3/2015). But in practice, this turns out to be not very convenient, so micro-enterprises in one way or another still use accounts from among those approved by the Ministry of Finance.
For some enterprises, the legislator establishes a preference in the form of the ability to maintain a simplified working chart of accounts for accounting. Let's consider this aspect in more detail.
Who can use the simplified accounting chart of accounts
In accordance with the information of the Ministry of Finance of Russia No. PZ-3/2015, the preference in question can be used by:
- small businesses;
- firms working in Skolkovo.
The use of a simplified accounting chart of accounts presupposes, first of all, a reduction in the number of synthetic accounts used in the work plan structure. Another indulgence is the ability not to use accounting registers (clause 4.1 of information No. PZ-3/2015).
Table of the chart of accounts of accounting with subaccounts: correlation with the balance sheet
So, a significant part of Russian firms are obliged to work with a standard accounting chart of accounts. The complete accounting plan is reflected in order No. 94n in the form of a table. Its structure consists of 8 sections. Let's consider the connection of these sections, including accounts and sub-accounts, with sections of the balance sheet.
The accounts of section 1 of the accounting plan are intended to reflect transactions with non-current assets. The balances on these accounts are the source of data for the formation of the lines of the balance sheet in terms of non-current assets.
The accounts of section 2 of the accounting plan are used to reflect business operations for production inventories. The account balance of section 2 is used to fill in the section reflecting current assets in the balance sheet. For a similar purpose, data from sections 3 "Production costs", 4 "Finished goods and goods" and 5 "Cash" of the accounting plan are used.
Read about the reflection on the accounting accounts of individual transactions in our materials:
The indicators reflected in the accounts included in Section 6 "Calculations" are used to reflect information on accounts receivable and payable (including long-term).
How to reflect the issuance of reporting amounts, look in the material.
In sections 7 "Capital" and 8 "Financial results" of the chart of accounts of accounting, there are accounts that reflect data on capital, targeted financing, and the financial result of the organization.
For profitability analysis, see the article .
The procedure for reflecting retained earnings can be found in the article.
New chart of accounts for accounting from 2018
Did 2018 bring any legislative adjustments to the Chart of Accounts? The answer to this question depends on the scope of the relevant document.
Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia No. 94n, used by commercial firms, was issued quite a long time ago - about 15 years ago. It can be noted that since that moment, changes have been made to it 3 times:
- by order of 07.05.2003 No. 38n;
- by order of 18.09.2006 No. 115n;
- by order of 08.11.2010 No. 142n.
Thus, the provisions of Order No. 94n have not been corrected for almost 7 years. So there is no need to say that in 2018 a new accounting plan for commercial firms appeared.
State and municipal organizations are another matter. The legislator is very active in terms of adjusting the accounting policy of budgetary structures, especially in the main normative legal acts regulating accounting in budgetary structures - order No. 157n.
Read more about the structure of the budget accounting account in the article .
Where can I download the chart of accounts of accounting
You can download the current chart of accounts for accounting, which should be used by commercial organizations, on our website.
This document is fully consistent with the provisions of Order No. 94n.
Outcome
In the Russian Federation, various charts of accounts are used for budgetary, autonomous, state institutions, credit and non-credit financial organizations, commercial organizations. For organizations in the commercial sphere, the chart of accounts was approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 31.10.2000 No. 94n. Small businesses can use a simplified chart of accounts recommended by the Ministry of Finance in order of December 21, 1998 No. 64n. Each organization must develop a working chart of accounts independently and approve it in the accounting policy.
Account 77 "Deferred tax liabilities"
Account 77 "Deferred tax liabilities" is intended to summarize information on the presence and movement of deferred tax liabilities.
Deferred tax liabilities are accepted for accounting in the amount determined as the product of taxable temporary differences arising in the reporting period by the income tax rate in effect at the reporting date.
On the credit of account 77 "Deferred tax liabilities" in correspondence with the debit of the account the deferred tax is reflected, which reduces the amount of the conditional expense (income) of the reporting period.
The debit of account 77 "Deferred tax liabilities" in correspondence with the credit of account 68 "Calculations of taxes and fees" reflects a decrease or full repayment of deferred tax liabilities, on account of accruals of income tax for the reporting period.
The deferred tax liability upon disposal of the asset or the type of liability for which it was accrued is debited from the debit of account 77 "Deferred tax liabilities" to the credit of account 99 "Profits and losses".
Analytical accounting of deferred tax liabilities is carried out by types of assets or liabilities in the assessment of which a taxable temporary difference has arisen.
Account 77 of the accounting of the entry "Deferred tax liabilities" corresponds with the accounts:
- Settlements for allocated property
- Settlements for current transactions
- Settlements under a property trust agreement
Score
Account 79 "Internal settlements" is intended to summarize information on all types of settlements with branches, representative offices, departments and other separate divisions of the organization, allocated to separate balances (intra-balance calculations), in particular, settlements for allocated property, for mutual release of material values, for the sale of products, works, services, the transfer of expenses for general management activities, wages to employees of departments, etc.
Sub-accounts can be opened to account 79 "Intra-business settlements":
- 79-1 "Settlements for the allocated property",
- 79-2 "Settlements on current transactions",
- 79-3 "Settlements under a property trust agreement", etc.
On subaccount 79-1 "Settlements for allocated property" the status of settlements with branches, representative offices, departments and other separate divisions of the organization, allocated to separate balance sheets, for the non-current and circulating assets transferred to them is taken into account.
The property allocated to the specified subdivisions is written off by the organization from account 01 “Fixed assets”, etc. to the debit of account 79 “Intra-business settlements”.
The property allocated by the organization to the specified subdivisions is taken into account by these subdivisions from the credit of account 79 "Intrafarm settlements" to the debit of account 01 "Fixed assets", etc.
On subaccount 79-2 "Settlements for current transactions" the state of all other settlements of the organization with branches, representative offices, departments and other separate divisions allocated to separate balances is taken into account.
On subaccount 79-3 "Settlements under a property trust agreement", the status of settlements related to the execution of property trust contracts is taken into account. This subaccount is used to record settlements with the founder of the management, the trustee, as well as settlements for property transferred to trust, recorded on a separate balance sheet.
The property transferred to trust management is written off by the founder of the management from accounts 01 "Fixed assets", 04 "Intangible assets", 58 "Financial investments", etc. to the debit of account 79 "Intrafarm settlements" (at the same time, a debit is made to the amount of accrued depreciation accounts, and the credit of account 79 "Intrafarm settlements"). The property accepted by the trustee on a separate balance sheet is reflected in the debit of accounts 01 "Fixed assets", 04 "Intangible assets", 58 "Financial investments", etc. and credit of account 79 "Intra-business settlements" (at the same time, an entry is made on the accrued 02 "Depreciation of fixed assets", 05 "Depreciation of intangible assets" and the credit of account 79 "Intrafarm settlements").
Upon termination of the contract of trust management of property and the return of property to the founder of the management, reverse entries are made. If the contract of trust management of property provides for other operations with property transferred to trust management, then the accounting of these operations is kept in the general procedure.
The transfer of funds to the account of the profit (income) owed to the founder of the management in a separate balance sheet is reflected in the credit of the accounts of funds and in the debit of account 79 “Intra-business settlements”. The funds received by the founder of the management on account of this profit (income) are credited to the debit of the accounts for the accounting of funds in correspondence with account 79 "Intrafarm settlements".
By the founder of the management, the amounts due from the trustee to compensate for losses caused by the loss or damage of property transferred to trust, as well as lost profits, are reflected in the debit of the account in correspondence with the credit of account 91 "Other income and expenses". Upon receipt by the founder of the management of these funds, the accounts for the accounting of funds are debited and account 76 "Settlements with various debtors and creditors" is credited.
Analytical accounting for account 79 "Intra-business settlements" is carried out for each branch, representative office, department or other separate division of the organization, allocated to a separate balance sheet, and settlements under contracts of trust management of property - for each contract.
Account 79 of the accounting of the entry "Intrafarm settlements" corresponds with the accounts:
| By debit | On a loan |
|---|---|
01 "Fixed assets" 02 "Depreciation of fixed assets" 04 "Intangible assets" 05 "Amortization of intangible assets" 07 "Equipment for installation" 10 "Materials" 20 "Main production" 41 "Products" 43 "Finished products" 44 "Costs of sale" 45 "Goods shipped" 50 "Cashier" 51 "Settlement accounts" 52 "Currency accounts" 76 "Settlements with different debtors and creditors" 90 "Sales" 91 "Other income and expenses" 97 "Prepaid expenses" 99 "Profit and loss" | 01 "Fixed assets" 02 "Depreciation of fixed assets" 04 "Intangible assets" 05 "Amortization of intangible assets" 07 "Equipment for installation" 08 "Investments in non-current assets" 10 "Materials" 11 "Animals for growing and fattening" 15 "Procurement and acquisition of material assets" 16 "Variation in value 20 "Main production" 21 "Semi-finished products of own production" 23 "Auxiliary facilities" 25 "General production costs" 26 "General expenses" 29 "Service industries and farms" 40 "Release of products (works, services)" 41 "Products" 43 "Finished products" 44 "Costs of sale" 45 "Goods shipped" 50 "Cashier" 51 "Settlement accounts" 52 "Currency accounts" 55 "Special accounts in banks" 57 "Transfers on the way" 60 "Settlements with suppliers and contractors" 62 "Settlements with buyers and customers" 70 "Payments to personnel for wages" 71 "Settlements with accountable persons" 76 "Settlements with different debtors and creditors" 84 "Retained earnings (uncovered loss)" 90 "Sales" 91 "Other income and expenses" 97 "Prepaid expenses" 99 "Profit and loss" |
Section VII. Capital
The accounts of this section are intended to summarize information about the state and movement of the organization's capital.
Account 80 "Authorized capital"
Account 80 "Authorized capital" is intended to summarize information about the state and movement of the authorized capital (share capital, authorized capital) of the organization.
The balance on account 80 "Authorized capital" must correspond to the size of the authorized capital, fixed in the constituent documents of the organization. Entries on account 80 "Authorized capital" are made during the formation of the authorized capital, as well as in cases of increase and decrease in capital only after making appropriate changes to the constituent documents of the organization.
After the state registration of the organization, its authorized capital in the amount of the contributions of the founders (participants) provided for by the constituent documents is reflected under the credit of account 80 "Authorized capital" in correspondence with account 75 "Settlements with founders". The actual receipt of the founders' deposits is carried out on the credit of account 75 "Settlements with the founders" in correspondence with accounts for accounting for cash and other valuables.
Analytical accounting for account 80 "Authorized capital" is organized in such a way as to ensure the formation of information on the founders of the organization, stages of capital formation and types of shares.
Account 80 is also used to summarize information on the status and movement of contributions to common property under a simple partnership agreement. In this case, account 80 is called "Contributions of friends".
The property contributed by the partners to the simple partnership on account of their contributions is credited to the debit of property accounts (51 "Settlement accounts", 01 "Fixed assets", 41 "Goods", etc.) and the credit of account 80 "Contributions of partners". When the property is returned to partners upon termination of a simple partnership agreement, reverse entries are made in the accounting records.
Analytical accounting for account 80 "Contributions of comrades" is kept for each simple partnership agreement and each party to the agreement.
Account 80 of the accounting of the entry "Authorized capital" corresponds with accounts:
| By debit | On a loan |
|---|---|
01 "Fixed assets" 04 "Intangible assets" 07 "Equipment for installation" 08 "Investments in non-current assets" 10 "Materials" 11 "Animals for growing and fattening" 15 "Procurement and acquisition of material assets" 16 "Deviation in the value of material assets" 20 "Main production" 21 "Semi-finished products of own production" 23 "Auxiliary facilities" 29 "Service industries and farms" 41 "Products" 43 "Finished products" 50 "Cashier" 51 "Settlement accounts" 52 "Currency accounts" 55 "Special accounts in banks" 58 "Financial investments" 75 "Settlements with founders" 81 "Own shares (shares)" 84 "Retained earnings (uncovered loss)" | 01 "Fixed assets" 03 "Profitable investments in material assets" 04 "Intangible assets" 07 "Equipment for installation" 08 "Investments in non-current assets" 10 "Materials" 11 "Animals for growing and fattening" 15 "Procurement and acquisition of material assets" 16 "Deviation in the value of material assets" 20 "Main production" 21 "Semi-finished products of own production" 23 "Auxiliary facilities" 29 "Service industries and farms" 41 "Products" 43 "Finished products" 50 "Cashier" 51 "Settlement accounts" 52 "Currency accounts" 55 "Special accounts in banks" 58 "Financial investments" 75 "Settlements with founders" 83 "Additional capital" 84 "Retained earnings (uncovered loss)" |
Account 81 "Own shares (shares)"
Account 81 "Own shares (stakes)" is intended to summarize information on the presence and movement of own shares redeemed by the joint-stock company from shareholders for their subsequent resale or cancellation. Other business companies and partnerships use this account to record the share of a participant acquired by the company or partnership itself for transfer to other participants or third parties.
When a joint-stock or other company (partnership) buys out shares (shares) owned by a shareholder (participant) in the accounting for the amount of actual costs, an entry is made on the debit of account 81 "Own shares (shares)" and on the credit of cash accounts.
The cancellation of the own shares repurchased by the joint-stock company is carried out on the credit of account 81 "Own shares (stakes)" and the debit of account 80 "Authorized capital" after the company has completed all the prescribed procedures. The difference arising in this case on account 81 "Own shares (stakes)" between the actual costs of redemption of shares (stakes) and their par value is charged to account 91 "Other income and expenses".
Account 81 of the accounting of the entry "Own shares (shares)" corresponds with accounts:
Account 82 "Reserve capital"
Account 82 "Reserve capital" is intended to summarize information about the state and movement of reserve capital.
Deductions to the reserve capital from profit are reflected in the credit of account 82 “Reserve capital” in correspondence with account 84 “Retained earnings (uncovered loss)”.
The use of funds of reserve capital is accounted for in the debit of account 82 "Reserve capital" in correspondence with accounts:
- 84 "Retained earnings (uncovered loss)" - in terms of the amounts of the reserve fund allocated to cover the loss of the organization for the reporting year;
- or - in the part of the amounts allocated for the redemption of the bonds of the joint stock company.
Account 82 of the accounting entry "Reserve capital" corresponds with accounts:
Account 83 "Additional capital"
Account 83 "Additional capital" is intended to summarize information about the additional capital of the organization.
The credit of account 83 "Additional capital" reflects:
- the increase in the value of non-current assets, revealed by the results of their revaluation, - in correspondence with the asset accounts for which the increase in value was determined;
- the amount of the difference between the selling and par value of shares received in the process of forming the authorized capital of a joint-stock company (upon foundation of the company, with a subsequent increase in the authorized capital) through the sale of shares at a price exceeding the par value - in correspondence with account 75 "Settlements with founders" ...
The amounts referred to the credit of account 83 "Additional capital", as a rule, are not written off. Debit entries on it can take place only in the following cases:
- repayment of the amounts of reduction in the value of non-current assets, revealed by the results of its revaluation, in correspondence with the accounts of assets for which the reduction in value was determined;
- directing funds to increase the authorized capital - in correspondence with account 75 "Settlements with founders" or account 80 "Authorized capital";
- distribution of amounts between the founders of the organization - in correspondence with account 75 "Settlements with founders", etc.
Analytical accounting for account 83 "Additional capital" is organized in such a way as to ensure the formation of information on the sources of education and areas of use of funds.
Account 83 of the accounting of the entry "Additional capital" corresponds with accounts:
Account 84 "Retained earnings (uncovered loss)"
Account 84 "Retained earnings (uncovered loss)" is intended to summarize information about the presence and movement of the amounts of retained earnings or uncovered loss of the organization.
The amount of net profit of the reporting year is written off by the final turnovers of December on the credit of account 84 “Retained earnings (uncovered loss)” in correspondence with account 99 “Profits and losses”. The amount of net loss of the reporting year is written off by the final turnovers of December to the debit of account 84 “Retained earnings (uncovered loss)” in correspondence with account 99 “Profits and losses”.
The direction of a part of the profit of the reporting year for the payment of income to the founders (participants) of the organization based on the results of the approval of the annual financial statements is reflected in the debit of account 84 "Retained earnings (uncovered loss)" and credit of accounts 75 "Settlements with founders" and 70 "Payments with personnel for wages ". A similar entry is made when interim income is paid.
Write-off from the balance sheet of the loss of the reporting year is reflected in the credit of account 84 "Retained earnings (uncovered loss)" in correspondence with the accounts:
- 80 "Authorized capital" - when bringing the amount of the authorized capital to the value of the net assets of the organization;
- 82 "Reserve capital" - when using the reserve capital funds to repay the loss;
- 75 "Settlements with founders" - when the loss of a simple partnership is repaid at the expense of targeted contributions of its participants, etc.
Analytical accounting for account 84 "Retained earnings (uncovered loss)" is organized in such a way as to ensure the formation of information on the areas of use of funds. At the same time, in the analytical accounting, retained earnings funds used as financial support for the production development of the organization and other similar measures for the acquisition (creation) of new property and not yet used can be divided.
84 accounting account of the transaction "Retained earnings (uncovered loss)" corresponds with accounts:
Account 86 "Target financing"
Account 86 "Target financing" is intended to summarize information on the movement of funds intended for the implementation of targeted activities, funds received from other organizations and individuals, budget funds, etc.
Targeted funds received as sources of financing for certain activities are reflected in the credit of account 86 "Target financing" in correspondence with account 76 "Settlements with various debtors and creditors".
The use of targeted financing is reflected in the debit of account 86 “Target financing” in correspondence with accounts: 20 “Basic production” or 26 “General business expenses” - when the funds of targeted financing are directed to maintain a non-profit organization; 83 "Additional capital" - when using targeted financing received in the form of investment funds; 98 "Deferred income" - when a commercial organization directs budget funds to finance expenses, etc.
Analytical accounting for account 86 "Target financing" is carried out according to the purpose of earmarked funds and in the context of their sources.
Account 86 of the accounting of the entry "Target financing" corresponds with accounts:
Section VIII. Financial results
The accounts of this section are intended to summarize information on the income and expenses of the organization, as well as to identify the final financial result of the organization's activities for the reporting period.
- Revenue
- Cost of sales
- Value added tax
- Excise taxes
- Profit / loss from sales
Account 90 "Sales"
Account 90 "Sales" is intended to summarize information on income and expenses associated with the ordinary activities of the organization, as well as to determine the financial result of them. This account reflects, in particular, revenue and cost of:
- finished products and semi-finished products of our own production;
- works and services of an industrial nature;
- works and services of a non-industrial nature;
- purchased products (purchased for completing);
- construction, assembly, design and survey, geological exploration, research, etc. work;
- goods;
- services for the transportation of goods and passengers;
- transport and forwarding and loading and unloading operations;
- communication services;
- provision for a fee for temporary use (temporary possession and use) of their assets under a lease agreement (when this is the subject of the organization's activities);
- granting for a fee the rights arising from patents for inventions, industrial designs and other types of intellectual property (when this is the subject of the organization's activities);
- participation in the authorized capital of other organizations (when this is the subject of the organization's activities), etc.
When recognized in accounting, the amount of proceeds from the sale of goods, products, performance of work, provision of services, etc. is reflected in the credit of account 90 "Sales" and the debit of account 62 "Settlements with buyers and customers". At the same time, the cost of goods sold, products, works, services, etc. is debited from the credit of accounts 43 "Finished goods", 41 "Goods", 44 "Sales costs", 20 "Main production", etc. to the debit of account 90 "Sales" ...
In organizations engaged in the production of agricultural products, the credit of account 90 "Sales" reflects the proceeds from the sale of products (in correspondence with account 62 "Settlements with buyers and customers"), and in debit - its planned cost (during the year, when the actual cost not identified) and the difference between the planned and actual cost of products sold (at the end of the year). The planned cost of goods sold, as well as the amount of differences, are written off to the debit of account 90 "Sales" (or canceled) in correspondence with the accounts on which these products were recorded.
In organizations that carry out retail trade and keep records of goods at sales prices, the credit of account 90 "Sales" reflects the sales value of the goods sold (in correspondence with the accounts of cash and settlements), and on debit - their book value (in correspondence with the account 41 "Goods") with the simultaneous reversal of the amounts of discounts (capes) related to the sold goods (in correspondence with account 42 "Trade margin").
Sub-accounts can be opened to account 90 "Sales":
- 90-1 "Revenue";
- 90-2 "Cost of sales";
- 90-3 "Value Added Tax";
- 90-4 "Excise";
- 90-9 "Profit / loss from sales".
Subaccount 90-1 "Revenue" records receipts of assets recognized as revenue.
On subaccount 90-2 "Cost of sales" the cost of sales is taken into account, for which revenue is recognized on subaccount 90-1 "Revenue".
Subaccount 90-3 "Value added tax" takes into account the amount of value added tax due to be received from the buyer (customer).
Subaccount 90-4 "Excise" takes into account the amount of excise taxes included in the price of products (goods) sold.
Organizations - payers of export duties can open subaccount 90-5 "Export duties" to account 90 "Sales" to record the amounts of export duties.
Subaccount 90-9 "Profit / loss from sales" is designed to identify the financial result (profit or loss) from sales for the reporting month.
Entries on subaccounts 90-1 “Revenue”, 90-2 “Cost of sales”, 90-3 “Value added tax”, 90-4 “Excise” are made cumulatively during the reporting year. Monthly comparison of the aggregate debit turnover for sub-accounts 90-2 "Cost of sales", 90-3 "Value added tax", 90-4 "Excise" and credit turnover for sub-account 90-1 "Revenue" determines the financial result (profit or loss) from sales for the reporting month. This financial result is written off monthly (final turnovers) from sub-account 90-9 "Profit / loss from sales" to account 99 "Profits and losses". Thus, the synthetic account 90 "Sales" has no balance at the reporting date.
At the end of the reporting year, all sub-accounts opened to account 90 “Sales” (except for sub-account 90-9 “Profit / loss from sales”) are closed by internal records to sub-account 90-9 “Profit / loss from sales”.
Analytical accounting for account 90 "Sales" is maintained for each type of goods sold, products, work performed, services rendered, etc. In addition, analytical accounting for this account can be kept by sales regions and other areas necessary to manage the organization.
Account 90 of the accounting transaction "Sales" corresponds with accounts:
| By debit | On a loan |
|---|---|
11 "Animals for growing and fattening" 20 "Main production" 21 "Semi-finished products of own production" 23 "Auxiliary facilities" 26 "General expenses" 29 "Service industries and farms" 40 "Release of products (works, services)" 41 "Products" 42 "Trade margin" 43 "Finished products" 44 "Costs of sale" 45 "Goods shipped" 58 "Financial investments" 68 "Calculations of taxes and fees" 79 "On-farm settlements" 99 "Profit and loss" | 46 "Completed stages of work in progress" 50 "Cashier" 51 "Settlement accounts" 52 "Currency accounts" 57 "Transfers on the way" 62 "Settlements with buyers and customers" 76 "Settlements with different debtors and creditors" 79 "On-farm settlements" 98 "Deferred income" 99 "Profit and loss" |
- Other income
- other expenses
- Balance of other income and expenses
Account 91 "Other income and expenses"
Account 91 "Other income and expenses" is intended to summarize information about other income and expenses of the reporting period.
On the credit of account 91 "Other income and expenses" during the reporting period, the following are reflected:
- receipts associated with the provision for a fee for temporary use (temporary possession and use) of the organization's assets - in correspondence with accounts of settlements or monetary funds;
- receipts related to the provision for a fee of rights arising from patents for inventions, industrial designs and other types of intellectual property - in correspondence with accounts for accounting for settlements or funds;
- receipts related to participation in the authorized capital of other organizations, as well as interest and other income on securities - in correspondence with settlement accounts;
- profit received by the organization under a simple partnership agreement - in correspondence with account 76 “Settlements with various debtors and creditors” (subaccount “Settlements for dividends and other income due”);
- receipts related to the sale and other write-off of fixed assets and other assets other than cash in Russian currency, products, goods - in correspondence with accounts of settlements or cash;
- receipts from operations with tare - in correspondence with tare and settlement accounts;
- interest received (to be received) for the provision of funds for use by the organization, as well as interest for the use by a credit institution of funds that are in the account of the organization with this credit institution - in correspondence with accounts for accounting for financial investments or funds;
- fines, penalties, forfeits for violation of the terms of contracts, received or recognized for receipt - in correspondence with accounts for accounting settlements or monetary funds;
- receipts associated with the gratuitous receipt of assets - in correspondence with the account for accounting for deferred income;
- receipts to reimburse the losses caused to the organization - in correspondence with settlement accounts;
- profit of previous years, revealed in the reporting year, - in correspondence with the accounts of settlements;
- the amount of accounts payable for which the limitation period has expired - in correspondence with accounts payable;
- other income.
The debit of account 91 "Other income and expenses" during the reporting period reflects:
- costs associated with the provision for a fee for temporary use (temporary possession and use) of the organization's assets, rights arising from patents for inventions, industrial designs and other types of intellectual property, as well as costs associated with participation in the authorized capital of other organizations - in correspondence with expense accounts;
- the residual value of the assets on which depreciation is charged and the actual cost of other assets written off by the organization - in correspondence with the accounting accounts of the corresponding assets;
- expenses related to the sale, disposal and other write-off of fixed assets and other assets other than cash in Russian currency, goods, products - in correspondence with cost accounting accounts;
- expenses on operations with packaging - in correspondence with expense accounts;
- interest paid by the organization for the provision of funds (credits, loans) to it for use - in correspondence with accounts of settlements or monetary funds;
- expenses related to payment for services rendered by credit institutions - in correspondence with settlement accounts;
- fines, penalties, forfeits for violation of the terms of l agreements, paid or recognized for payment - in correspondence with accounts for accounting settlements or monetary funds;
- expenses for the maintenance of production facilities and facilities being mothballed - in correspondence with cost accounting accounts;
- compensation for losses caused by the organization - in correspondence with settlement accounts;
- losses of previous years recognized in the reporting year - in correspondence with accounts for accounting calculations, depreciation charges, etc.;
- deductions to reserves for the depreciation of investments in securities, for the depreciation of material assets, for doubtful debts - in correspondence with the accounts of these reserves;
- the amount of receivables for which the limitation period has expired, other debts that are unrealistic for collection - in correspondence with accounts receivable;
- exchange rate differences - in correspondence with accounts for accounting for monetary funds, financial investments, settlements, etc .;
- expenses related to the consideration of cases in courts - in correspondence with accounts for accounting settlements, etc .;
- other expenses.
Sub-accounts can be opened to account 91 "Other income and expenses":
- 91-1 "Other income";
- 91-2 "Other expenses";
- 91-9 "Balance of other income and expenses".
Subaccount 91-1 "Other income" takes into account receipts of assets recognized as other income.
On subaccount 91-2 "Other expenses" other expenses are taken into account.
Subaccount 91-9 "Balance of other income and expenses" is designed to identify the balance of other income and expenses for the reporting month.
Entries on sub-accounts 91-1 “Other income” and 91-2 “Other expenses” are made cumulatively during the reporting year. Monthly comparison of debit turnover on subaccount 91-2 "Other expenses" and credit turnover on subaccount 91-1 "Other income" determines the balance of other income and expenses for the reporting month. This balance is written off monthly (final turnovers) from subaccount 91-9 "Balance of other income and expenses" to account 99 "Profits and losses". Thus, the synthetic account 91 "Other income and expenses" has no balance at the reporting date.
At the end of the reporting year, all sub-accounts opened to account 91 "Other income and expenses" (except for sub-account 91-9 "Balance of other income and expenses") are closed by internal records to sub-account 91-9 "Balance of other income and expenses".
Analytical accounting for account 91 "Other income and expenses" is kept for each type of other income and expenses. At the same time, the construction of analytical accounting for other income and expenses related to the same financial, business transaction should ensure the ability to identify the financial result for each transaction.
Account 91 of accounting of the entry "Other income and expenses" corresponds with accounts:
| By debit | On a loan |
|---|---|
01 "Fixed assets" 02 "Depreciation of fixed assets" 03 "Profitable investments in material assets" 04 "Intangible assets" 07 "Equipment for installation" 08 "Investments in non-current assets" 10 "Materials" 11 "Animals for growing and fattening" 15 "Procurement and acquisition of material assets" 16 "Deviation in the value of material assets" 20 "Main production" 21 "Semi-finished products of own production" 23 "Auxiliary facilities" 28 "Defect in production" 29 "Service industries and farms" 58 "Financial investments" 60 "Settlements with suppliers and contractors" 66 "Settlements on short-term loans and borrowings" 67 "Settlements for long-term loans and borrowings" 68 "Settlements with the budget" 70 "Payments to personnel for wages" 71 "Settlements with accountable persons" 73 "Payments to personnel for other transactions" 76 "Settlements with different debtors and creditors" 79 "On-farm settlements" 81 "Own shares (shares)" 98 "Deferred income" 99 "Profit and loss" | 07 "Equipment for installation" 08 "Investments in non-current assets" 10 "Materials" 11 "Animals for growing and fattening" 14 "Provisions for depreciation of material assets" 15 "Procurement and acquisition of material assets" 20 "Main production" 21 "Semi-finished products of own production" 23 "Auxiliary facilities" 28 "Defect in production" 29 "Service industries and farms" 41 "Products" 43 "Finished products" 45 "Goods shipped" 50 "Cashier" 51 "Settlement accounts" 52 "Currency accounts" 55 "Special accounts in banks" 57 "Transfers on the way" 58 "Financial investments" 59 "Provisions for impairment of investments in securities" 60 "Settlements with suppliers and contractors" 62 "Settlements with buyers and customers" 63 "Provisions for doubtful debts" 66 "Settlements on short-term loans and borrowings" 67 "Settlements for long-term loans and borrowings" 71 "Settlements with accountable persons" 73 "Payments to personnel for other transactions" 75 "Settlements with founders" 76 "Settlements with different debtors and creditors" 79 "On-farm settlements" 81 "Own shares (shares)" 98 "Deferred income" 99 "Profit and loss" |
Account 94 "Shortages and losses from damage to values"
Account 94 "Shortages and losses from damage to valuables" is intended to summarize information on the amounts of shortages and losses from damage to material and other valuables (including cash) identified in the process of their procurement, storage and sale, regardless of whether they are to be credited to the accounts accounting for production costs (selling costs) or perpetrators. At the same time, the loss of valuables resulting from natural disasters is charged to account 99 “Profits and losses” as losses of the reporting year (uncompensated losses from natural disasters).
On the debit of account 94 "Shortages and losses from damage to valuables" are given:
- for missing or completely spoiled inventory items - their actual cost;
- for missing or completely damaged fixed assets - their residual value (initial cost less the amount of accrued depreciation);
- for partially damaged material values \u200b\u200b- the amount of determined losses, etc.
For shortages and damage to values, entries are made on the debit of account 94 "Shortages and losses from damage to values" from the credit of the accounting accounts of the named values.
When the buyer, when accepting the values \u200b\u200breceived from the suppliers, reveals a shortage or damage, then the amount of the shortage within the limits provided for in the contract values, the buyer charges upon posting the values \u200b\u200binto the debit of account 94 "Shortages and losses from damage contractors ", and the amount of losses in excess of the amounts provided for in the contract, presented to the suppliers or the transport organization, into the debit of account 76" Settlements with various debtors and creditors "(subaccount" Settlements for claims ") from the credit of account 60" Settlements with suppliers and contractors " ... If the court refuses to collect losses from suppliers or transport organizations, the amount previously attributed to the debit of account 76 "Settlements with various debtors and creditors" (subaccount "Settlements for claims") is debited to account 94 "Shortages and losses from damage to values".
When the court makes a decision to recover from the supplier the amounts of shortages and losses of values \u200b\u200bin excess of the amounts provided for in the contract in the supplier's accounting, the sales amount previously reflected in the debit of accounts 62 "Settlements with buyers and customers" or 51 "Settlement accounts", 52 "Currency accounts" and the credit of account 90 "Sales" is reversed for the amount of shortages and losses collected by the buyer. At the same time, the specified amount is reflected in the usual entry on the debit of accounts 62 "Settlements with buyers and customers" or 51 "Settlement accounts", 52 "Foreign exchange accounts" and the credit of account 76 "Settlements with various debtors and creditors". When transferring amounts to the buyer, account 76 "Settlements with different debtors and creditors" is debited in correspondence with account 51 "Settlement accounts". The supplier must also reverse the turnovers on the debit of account 90 "Sales" and credit of account 43 "Finished goods". The amount recovered in this way on account 43 “Finished goods” is then written off to the debit of account 94 “Shortages and losses from damage to values”.
On the credit of account 94 "Shortages and losses from damage to values", the write-off is reflected:
- shortages and damage to valuables within the limits stipulated in the contract - to the accounts of material assets (when they are revealed during procurement) or within the norms of natural loss - production costs and sales costs (when they are revealed during storage or sale);
- shortages of valuables in excess of the values \u200b\u200b(norms) of loss, losses from damage - to the debit of account 73 "Settlements with personnel for other operations" (subaccount "Settlements for compensation for material damage");
- shortages of valuables in excess of the values \u200b\u200b(norms) of loss and losses from damage to valuables in the absence of specific perpetrators, as well as shortages of inventory items, the recovery of which was refused by the court due to the groundlessness of claims, - to account 91 "Other income and expenses".
On the credit of account 94 "Shortages and losses from damage to valuables", the amounts are reflected in the amounts and values \u200b\u200btaken into account in the debit of the specified account. At the same time, missing or damaged material assets are written off to the accounts for accounting for production costs (sales costs) at their actual cost.
When recovering from the guilty persons the cost of missing valuables, the difference between the value of missing valuables credited to account 73 "Settlements with personnel on other operations" and their value reflected on account 94 "Shortages and losses from damage to valuables" is credited to account 98 " Revenue of the future periods". As the amount due from him is recovered from the guilty person, the said difference is debited from account 98 "Deferred income" in correspondence with account 91 "Other income and expenses".
Deficiencies in valuables identified in the reporting year, but relating to previous reporting periods, recognized as financially responsible persons or for which there are court decisions to recover from the guilty persons, are reflected in the debit of account 94 "Shortages and losses from damage to valuables" and the credit of account 98 "Income future periods ”. At the same time, these amounts are debited to account 73 "Settlements with personnel for other operations" (subaccount "Calculations for compensation for material damage") and credited account 94 "Shortages and losses from damage to values". As the debt is repaid, account 91 "Other income and expenses" is credited and account 98 "Deferred income" is debited.
Account 94 of the accounting of the entry "Shortages and losses from damage to valuables" corresponds with the accounts:
| By debit | On a loan |
|---|---|
01 "Fixed assets" 03 "Profitable investments 07 "Equipment for installation" 08 "Investments in non-current assets" 10 "Materials" 11 "Animals for growing and fattening" 16 "Deviation in the value of material assets" 19 "Value added tax on acquired values" 20 "Main production" 21 "Semi-finished products of own production" 23 "Auxiliary facilities" 29 "Service industries and farms" 41 "Products" 42 "Trade margin" 43 "Finished products" 44 "Costs of sale" 45 "Goods shipped" 50 "Cashier" 60 "Settlements with suppliers and contractors" 71 "Settlements with accountable persons" 73 "Payments to personnel for other transactions" 76 "Settlements with different debtors and creditors" 98 "Deferred income" 99 "Profit and loss" | 08 "Investments in non-current assets" 20 "Main production" 23 "Auxiliary facilities" 25 "General production costs" 26 "General expenses" 29 "Service industries and farms" 44 "Costs of sale" 70 "Payments to personnel for wages" 73 "Payments to personnel for other transactions" 86 "Targeted financing" 91 "Other income and expenses" 99 "Profit and loss" |
Account 96 "Reserves for future expenses"
Account 96 "Reserves for future expenses" is designed to summarize information on the state and movement of amounts reserved for the purpose of even inclusion of expenses in production costs and sales costs. In particular, this account may reflect the following amounts:
- the upcoming payment of vacations (including payments for social insurance and security) to employees of the organization;
- for the payment of annual remuneration for seniority;
- production costs for preparatory work due to the seasonal nature of production;
- for the repair of fixed assets;
- forthcoming costs for land reclamation and other environmental protection measures;
- for warranty repair and warranty service.
Reservation of certain amounts is reflected in the credit of account 96 "Reserves for future expenses" in correspondence with accounts for accounting for production costs and sales costs.
The actual expenses for which the reserve was previously formed are debit to account 96 "Provisions for future expenses" in correspondence, in particular, with accounts: 70 "Payments with staff for wages" - for the amount of remuneration to employees during the vacation and annual remuneration for the length of service; 23 "Auxiliary production" - for the cost of fixed assets repair performed by a division of the organization, etc.
The correctness of the formation and use of amounts for this or that reserve is periodically (and at the end of the year) checked according to the data of estimates, calculations, etc. and corrected if necessary.
Analytical accounting for account 96 "Reserves for future expenses" is carried out in separate reserves.
Account 96 of the accounting entry "Reserves for future expenses" corresponds with accounts:
| By debit | On a loan |
|---|---|
23 "Auxiliary facilities" 28 "Defect in production" 29 "Service industries and farms" 51 "Settlement accounts" 52 "Currency accounts" 69 "Calculations for social insurance and security" 70 "Payments to personnel for wages" 76 "Settlements with different debtors and creditors" 91 "Other income and expenses" 97 "Prepaid expenses" 99 "Profit and loss" | 08 "Investments in non-current assets" 20 "Main production" 23 "Auxiliary facilities" 25 "General production costs" 26 "General expenses" 29 "Service industries and farms" 44 "Costs of sale" 97 "Prepaid expenses" |
Account 97 "Prepaid expenses"
Account 97 "Expenses of future periods" is intended to summarize information on expenses incurred in this reporting period, but related to future reporting periods. In particular, this account may reflect the costs associated with mining and preparatory work; preparatory works for production due to their seasonal nature; development of new industries, installations and units; land reclamation and other environmental protection measures; repairs of fixed assets unevenly performed throughout the year (when the organization does not create an appropriate reserve or fund), etc.
Expenses accounted for on account 97 "Deferred expenses" are written off to the debit of accounts 20 "Main production", 23 "Auxiliary production", 25 "General production expenses", 26 "General business expenses", 44 "Sales expenses", etc.
Analytical accounting for account 97 "Prepaid expenses" is carried out by type of expenses.
Account 97 of the accounting entry "Prepaid expenses" corresponds with accounts:
| By debit | On a loan |
|---|---|
02 "Depreciation of fixed assets" 04 "Intangible assets" 05 "Amortization of intangible assets" 10 "Materials" 16 "Deviation in the value of material assets" 23 "Auxiliary facilities" 25 "General production costs" 26 "General expenses" 29 "Service industries and farms" 41 "Products" 43 "Finished products" 60 "Settlements with suppliers and contractors" 69 "Calculations for social insurance and security" 70 "Payments to personnel for wages" 71 "Settlements with accountable persons" 76 "Settlements with different debtors and creditors" 79 "On-farm settlements" 96 "Provisions for future expenses" | 08 "Investments in non-current assets" 10 "Materials" 20 "Main production" 23 "Auxiliary facilities" 25 "General production costs" 26 "General expenses" 29 "Service industries and farms" 44 "Costs of sale" 76 "Settlements with different debtors and creditors" 79 "On-farm settlements" 96 "Provisions for future expenses" 99 "Profit and loss" |
- Income received for future periods
- Gratuitous receipts
- Upcoming receipts of arrears on shortages identified in previous years
- The difference between the amount to be recovered from the perpetrators and the book value for the shortfall in valuables
Account 98 "Deferred income"
Account 98 "Deferred Income" is intended to summarize information on income received (accrued) in the reporting period, but relating to future reporting periods, as well as forthcoming receipts of arrears for shortages identified in the reporting period for previous years, and the differences between the amount, subject to recovery from the guilty persons, and the value of valuables accepted for accounting when deficiencies and damage are detected.
Sub-accounts can be opened to account 98 "Deferred income":
- 98-1 "Income received for future periods",
- 98-2 "Gratuitous receipts",
- 98-3 "Forthcoming receipts of arrears for shortages identified in previous years",
- 98-4 "The difference between the amount to be recovered from the perpetrators and the book value for the shortfall in valuables", etc.
Subaccount 98-1 "Income received in future periods" takes into account the movement of income received in the reporting period, but relating to future reporting periods: rent or apartment rent, utility bills, revenue for freight transportation, for passenger transportation by monthly and quarterly tickets, subscription fee for using communication facilities, etc.
On the credit of account 98 "Deferred income" in correspondence with accounts for accounting for cash or settlements with debtors and creditors, the amount of income related to future reporting periods is reflected, and on debit - the amount of income transferred to the corresponding accounts at the onset of the reporting period, to which these incomes are attributed.
Analytical accounting for subaccount 98-1 "Income received in future periods" is maintained for each type of income.
Subaccount 98-2 "Gratuitous receipts" takes into account the value of assets received by the organization free of charge.
On the credit of account 98 "Deferred income" in correspondence with accounts 08 "Investments in non-current assets" and others, the market value of assets received free of charge is reflected, and in correspondence with account 86 "Target financing" - the amount of budget funds sent by a commercial organization for financing expenses. The amounts recorded on account 98 "Deferred income" are debited from this account on the credit of account 91 "Other income and expenses":
- for fixed assets received free of charge - as depreciation is charged;
- for other material assets received free of charge - as they are written off to the accounts for accounting for production costs (sales costs).
Analytical accounting for subaccount 98-2 "Gratuitous receipts" is maintained for each gratuitous receipt of values.
On subaccount 98-3 "Upcoming receipts of arrears for shortages identified in previous years", the movement of forthcoming receipts of arrears for shortages identified in the reporting period for previous years is taken into account.
The credit of account 98 "Deferred income" in correspondence with account 94 "Shortages and losses from damage to valuables" reflects the amount of shortages of valuables identified for the previous reporting periods (before the reporting year), found guilty, or the amounts awarded to recovery on them by the court. At the same time, these amounts are credited to account 94 "Shortages and losses from damage to valuables" in correspondence with account 73 "Settlements with personnel for other operations" (subaccount "Settlements for compensation for material damage").
As the debt on shortages is repaid, account 73 "Settlements with personnel for other operations" is credited in correspondence with the accounts of funds, while the amounts received on the credit of account 91 "Other income and expenses" (profits of previous years revealed in the reporting year) are reflected and debit of account 98 "Deferred income".
On subaccount 98-4 "The difference between the amount to be recovered from the guilty persons and the cost for the shortage of values", the difference between the amount recovered from the guilty persons for the missing material and other values \u200b\u200band the cost recorded in the accounting of the organization is taken into account.
On the credit of account 98 "Deferred income" in correspondence with account 73 "Settlements with personnel on other operations" (subaccount "Settlements for compensation for material damage") reflects the difference between the amount to be recovered from the guilty persons and the cost of missing values. As the debt recorded on account 73 “Settlements with personnel for other operations” is repaid, the corresponding amounts of the difference are written off from account 98 “Deferred income” in the credit of account 91 “Other income and expenses”.
Account 98 of the accounting of the entry "Deferred income" corresponds with accounts:
Account 99 "Profit and loss"
Account 99 "Profits and losses" is intended to summarize information on the formation of the final financial result of the organization in the reporting year.
The final financial result (net profit or net loss) is made up of the financial result from ordinary activities, as well as other income and expenses. The debit of account 99 "Profits and losses" reflects the losses (losses, expenses), and the credit - the profits (income) of the organization. Comparison of debit and credit turnovers for the reporting period shows the final financial result of the reporting period.
Account 99 “Profits and Losses” during the reporting year reflects:
- profit or loss from ordinary activities - in correspondence with account 90 "Sales";
- the balance of other income and expenses for the reporting month - in correspondence with account 91 "Other income and expenses";
- the amount of the accrued contingent expense on income tax, permanent liabilities and payments for recalculations for this tax from the actual profit, as well as the amount of tax sanctions due - in correspondence with account 68 "Calculations of taxes and fees".
At the end of the reporting year, when drawing up the annual financial statements, account 99 “Profits and losses” is closed. In this case, with the final entry in December, the amount of net profit (loss) of the reporting year is debited from account 99 “Profits and losses” in credit (debit) of account 84 “Retained earnings (uncovered loss)”.
The construction of analytical accounting for account 99 "Profits and losses" should provide the formation of the data necessary for drawing up a profit and loss statement. So recommends the chart of accounts 94n.
Account 99 of the accounting of the entry "Profit and loss" corresponds with accounts:
| By debit | On a loan |
|---|---|
01 "Fixed assets" 03 "Profitable investments in material assets" 07 "Equipment for installation" 08 "Investments in non-current assets" 10 "Materials" 11 "Animals for growing and fattening" 16 "Deviation in the value of material assets" 19 "Value added tax on acquired values" 20 "Main production" 21 "Semi-finished products of own production" 23 "Auxiliary facilities" 25 "General production costs" 26 "General expenses" 28 "Defect in production" 29 "Service industries and farms" 41 "Products" 43 "Finished products" 44 "Costs of sale" 45 "Goods shipped" 50 "Cashier" 51 "Settlement accounts" 52 "Currency accounts" 58 "Financial investments" 68 "Calculations of taxes and fees" 69 "Calculations for social insurance and security" 70 "Payments to personnel for wages" 71 "Settlements with accountable persons" 73 "Payments to personnel for other transactions" 76 "Settlements with different debtors and creditors" 79 "On-farm settlements" 84 "Retained earnings (uncovered loss)" 90 "Sales" 91 "Other income and expenses" 97 "Prepaid expenses" | 10 "Materials" 50 "Cashier" 51 "Settlement accounts" 52 "Currency accounts" 55 "Special accounts in banks" 60 "Settlements with suppliers and contractors" 73 "Payments to personnel for other transactions" 76 "Settlements with different debtors and creditors" 79 "On-farm settlements" 84 "Retained earnings (uncovered loss)" 90 "Sales" 91 "Other income and expenses" 94 "Shortages and losses from damage to valuables" 96 "Provisions for future expenses" |
Off-balance sheet accounts
Off-balance accounts in the new chart of accounts of accounting 2014-2015 are intended to summarize information about the presence and movement of values \u200b\u200btemporarily in use or at the disposal of the organization (leased fixed assets, material assets in custody, in processing, etc.), conditional rights and obligations, as well as to control individual business transactions. The accounting of these objects is carried out according to a simple system.
Account 001 "Leased fixed assets"
Account 001 "Leased Fixed Assets" is intended to summarize information on the availability and movement of fixed assets leased by the organization.
The leased fixed assets are accounted for on account 001 "Leased fixed assets" in the valuation specified in the lease agreements.
Analytical accounting for account 001 "Rented fixed assets" is carried out by lessors, for each object of leased fixed assets (according to the inventory numbers of the lessor). Leased fixed assets located outside the Russian Federation are accounted for on account 001 "Leased fixed assets" separately.
Account 002 "Inventories accepted for safekeeping"
Account 002 "Inventories accepted for safekeeping" is intended to summarize information about the presence and movement of inventories accepted for safekeeping.
Organizations-buyers take into account on account 002 "Inventories accepted for safekeeping" values \u200b\u200baccepted for storage in the following cases:
- receipt of inventory items from suppliers, for which the organization legally refused to accept payment claims invoices and their payment;
- receiving from suppliers unpaid inventory items that are prohibited from being spent under the terms of the contract until they are paid;
- acceptance of inventory items for safekeeping for other reasons.
Organizations-suppliers take into account on account 002 "Inventories accepted for safekeeping" purchased by buyers inventory items that are left in safekeeping, issued with safe receipts, but not exported for reasons beyond the control of organizations. Inventories are accounted for on account 002 “Inventories accepted for safekeeping” at the prices provided for in the acceptance certificates or in the accounts of payment claims.
Analytical accounting for account 002 "Inventories accepted for safekeeping" is carried out by owner organizations, by types, varieties and storage locations.
Account 003 "Materials accepted for processing"
Account 003 "Materials accepted for processing" is intended to summarize information on the availability and movement of raw materials and materials of the customer, accepted for processing (raw materials supplied by the customer), not paid by the manufacturer. Accounting for the costs of processing or refining raw materials and materials is carried out on the accounts for accounting for production costs, reflecting the associated costs (except for the cost of raw materials and materials of the customer). Raw materials and materials of the customer accepted for processing are accounted for on account 003 "Materials accepted for processing" at the prices stipulated in the contracts.
Analytical accounting for account 003 "Materials accepted for processing" is carried out according to customers, types, grades of raw materials and materials and their locations.
Account 004 "Goods accepted for commission"
Account 004 "Goods accepted for commission" is intended to summarize information on the availability and movement of goods accepted for commission in accordance with the contract. This account is used by commission organizations.
Goods accepted for commission are accounted for on account 004 "Goods accepted for commission" at the prices stipulated in acceptance certificates. Analytical accounting for account 004 "Goods accepted for commission" is carried out by types of goods and organizations (persons) - consignors.
Account 005 "Equipment accepted for installation"
Account 005 "Equipment accepted for installation" is intended to summarize information on the presence and movement of all types of equipment received by the organization from the customer for installation. This account is used by contractor organizations.
The equipment is accounted for on account 005 "Equipment accepted for installation" at the prices indicated by the customer in the accompanying documents.
Analytical accounting for account 005 "Equipment accepted for installation" is carried out for individual objects or units.
Account 006 "Forms of strict reporting"
Account 006 "Forms of strict reporting" is intended to summarize information on the availability and movement of strict reporting forms stored and issued under the report - receipt books, forms of certificates, diplomas, various subscriptions, coupons, tickets, forms of shipping documents, etc. ...
Forms of strict reporting are accounted for on account 006 "Forms of strict reporting" in a conditional assessment.
Analytical accounting for account 006 "Forms of strict reporting" is carried out for each type of forms of strict reporting and places of their storage.
Account 007 "Debt of insolvent debtors written off at a loss"
Account 007 "Written off at a loss indebtedness of insolvent debtors" is intended to summarize information about the status of accounts receivable written off at a loss due to the insolvency of debtors. This debt must be recorded on the balance sheet within five years from the date of write-off to monitor the possibility of its recovery in the event of a change in the property status of debtors.
Accounts 50 “Cashier”, 51 “Settlement accounts” or 52 “Currency accounts” in correspondence with account 91 “Other income and expenses” are debited to the amounts received in the order of collection of the debt previously written off at a loss. At the same time, off-balance sheet account 007 “Debt of insolvent debtors written off at a loss” is credited to the indicated amounts.
Analytical accounting for account 007 “Debt of insolvent debtors written off at a loss” is kept for each debtor, whose debt was written off at a loss, and for each debt written off at a loss.
Account 008 "Security for obligations and payments received"
Account 008 “Security for obligations and payments received” is intended to summarize information on the availability and movement of guarantees received to secure the fulfillment of obligations and payments, as well as security received for goods transferred to other organizations (persons).
If the amount is not indicated in the guarantee, then for accounting it is determined based on the terms of the contract.
The amounts of collateral recorded on account 008 “Collateral for obligations and payments received” are written off as the debt is repaid.
Analytical accounting for account 008 “Security for obligations and payments received” is kept for each security received.
Account 009 "Security for obligations and payments issued"
Account 009 "Security for obligations and payments issued" is intended to summarize information on the availability and movement of issued guarantees in order to ensure the fulfillment of obligations and payments. If the amount is not indicated in the guarantee, then for accounting it is determined based on the terms of the contract.
The amounts of collateral recorded on account 009 "Collateral for obligations and payments issued" are written off as the debt is repaid.
Analytical accounting for account 009 "Security for obligations and payments issued" is maintained for each issued security.
Account 010 "Depreciation of fixed assets"
Account 010 "Depreciation of fixed assets" is intended to summarize information on the movement of depreciation amounts for housing facilities, external improvement facilities and other similar facilities (forestry, road facilities, specialized structures for a navigable environment, etc.), as well as from non-profit organizations by items of fixed assets. Depreciation for the indicated objects is calculated at the end of the year according to the established rates of depreciation deductions.
When individual objects are retired (including sale, gratuitous transfer, etc.), the amount of depreciation for them is debited from account 010 "Depreciation of fixed assets".
Analytical accounting for account 010 "Depreciation of fixed assets" is carried out for each object.
Account 011 "Fixed assets leased"
Account 011 "Fixed assets leased" is intended to summarize information on the availability and movement of fixed assets leased, if, under the terms of the lease agreement, the property must be accounted for on the balance sheet of the lessee (lessee).
Fixed assets leased are accounted for on account 011 "Fixed assets leased" in the assessment specified in lease agreements.
Analytical accounting for account 011 "Fixed assets leased" is carried out by lessees, for each item of fixed assets leased. Fixed assets leased outside the Russian Federation are accounted for on account 011 "Fixed assets leased" separately.
In a preschool educational institution in 2018, from 23 to 27 people worked in different months, in 2019 - 27 people (one of them is on maternity leave). In what order should the institution submit to the FSS the information necessary for the appointment and payment of benefits for temporary disability, for pregnancy and childbirth, at the birth of a child and other benefits related to motherhood: in electronic form or on paper (the institution is located in the subject of the Russian Federation, participating in a pilot project)? The buyer - a VAT payer has the right to use the deduction of the tax charged to him on goods, works, services, property rights in the event that the prescribed in Art. 171 and 172 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation conditions: the purchase is intended for a VAT-taxable operation and is registered, the buyer has an invoice drawn up accordingly. However, if this document is received late, the taxpayer may have additional questions. For what period to claim a deduction? How can it be transferred to subsequent tax periods and not miscalculated with the time allotted by the legislator for this event? Can only part of the deduction be deferred? Four courts, including the RF Armed Forces, denied citizen Zh. The right to register a new LLC D. The formal reason for this refusal was the applicant's failure to submit the documents required for state registration, as determined by Federal Law No. 129-FZ, namely, that the application in form R11001 does not contain information about the person who has the right to act without a power of attorney on behalf of a legal entity, about the address of a permanent the executive body of a legal entity within its location, and there are also signs that the founders - legal entities LLC “P”, LLC “B” and their managers do not have the ability to manage in the legal entity being created.
The change in the VAT rate in itself, it would seem, should not cause difficulties for accounting workers. Indeed, you charge large amounts to be paid to the budget and that's it ... However, difficulties may arise during the transition from a lower rate to a higher one. In this article, we will provide an overview of the latest clarifications by officials on this topic related to the performance of work and the provision of services. In April 2019, an error was revealed: depreciation was not charged for the objects of the library fund, taken into account and put into operation in August 2018. What corrective entries need to be made in budget accounting?