Examples of the implementation of the concept of smart city. Smart city. Concept, standardization and implementation of smart city. Smart Traffic Lights and Heat Lower

To improve the quality of life of Muscovites - the main priority of the concept - a whole range of tasks for the planning and construction of urban infrastructure, accounting and distribution of housing and utilities resources, the development of the ecosystem of personalized urban services with a single and convenient for citizens with the interface is to be resolved.

According to forecasts of the Federal State Statistics Service, by 2030, the population of the Moscow agglomeration will be 22 million people (according to the average forecast version). Under the conditions of urbanization, specialized digital platforms will allow optimal urban planning, which includes simplifying the interaction between all the participants in the process, improving the quality and efficiency of construction, saving money and time.

The concept of "smart city - 2030" in the field of urban planning is aimed at improving the planning and development of the city of Moscow on the basis of analysts of the next generation and digital technologies. The implementation of the principles of "green" construction and the introduction of smart home technologies will create a comfortable and healthy urban habitat, reduce the destructive impact on the environment.

The concept of "smart city - 2030" in the housing and communal sphere provides for the continuation of the effective digitalization of the city's life, taking into account the state of utility engineering infrastructure and with a special focus on ensuring Muscovites with comfortable housing and high-quality services, as well as on the validity of innovative technologies. The development of technologies based on the AI \u200b\u200band widespread use of the Internet of things will accurately determine the necessary amounts of financing and distribution of resources. Housing and utilities management will be largely based on large data using predictive analytics, and separate schemes of energy, heat, gas and water supply will form a common "system system".

The introduction of new urban decisions will be carried out on the basis of the practical experience of piloting in the Smart Quarters of the city of Moscow. The principle of consistent implementation and gradual scaling on the basis of pilot projects on territorial and functional features will be applied. This will provide: the continuous improvement of interdepartmental interaction, refinement of initiatives and plans, standards, documents of all levels, analysis and identification of promising areas for implementing the concept of the city of Moscow.

Direction indicators "City Wednesday"

• The share of urban objects, in the construction of which BIM-technologies are used;
• Reducing the number of interactions of developers with authorities;
• Modernization of the infrastructure of the collection and disposal of industrial and solid household waste (number of objects);
• The number of emergencies at housing and communal services.

2.1. Urban planning

Current status

• 94.4% of public services in the urban planning sector are provided in electronic form, most of the electronic form;
• A project office was formed to introduce information modeling technologies in the construction of BIM-technologies, the active development of standards, systems of classifiers and information models;
• A smart standard has been developed and approved, which includes recommendations for the implementation of pre-project decisions to apply prospective technologies in the framework of the creation of a comfortable urban environment;
• A comprehensive information and technological infrastructure of the executive authorities of the StroyKompleks has been created, allowing you to quickly automate the internal processes of executive bodies and organize effective cooperation with construction participants;
• The information and analytical system of management of urban planning activities is functioning - the Basic Information System of the Concomplex, which is a single information environment for all construction participants.

• Territory development planning based on intellectual analysis of urban data, improving the quality of development of documents of territorial planning and urban planning zoning, documentation on the territory planning;
• Reduction of terms and costs of capital construction due to the digitalization of the processes of the life cycle of objects and the implementation of BIM-technologies;
• Reducing the timing and simplifying the procedure for the implementation of procedures in the construction industry;
• Providing transparency of management, prevention and detection of offenses in the urban planning industry through the use of digital technologies, quality control of construction work, as well as the introduction of effective mechanisms for verifying the execution by the developer of their obligations.

Strategic directions

• The use of BIM-technologies at all stages of the realization of the life cycle of construction objects:
  • BIM-based digitalization will cover all the processes of the life cycle of objects, ranging from the steps of urban planning and ending with the conclusion of objects from operation;
  • "Digital copies" of buildings will be able to use emergency services, for example, when saving people during a fire and during anti-terrorist operations;
  • The implementation of automated building management systems will ensure automatic control and dispatching of engineering systems, collecting statistics on the statistics of structural elements and building systems based on the information model;
  • The database of digital models of buildings (structures) and other urban facilities will be created;
  • Information modeling will be used when planning and designing energy efficient buildings and city transport infrastructure, reconstruction and overhaul;
• A single digital platform in a city planning sphere is the electronic interaction platform of developers, banks and authorities in the framework of the construction project.
  • The composition of the unified digital platform will include the following components:
  • Public card with information layers on land, zones with special use conditions, engineering communications and possible dots to connect to networks;
  • Personal Account (including Developer, Bank, etc.) with full information on the construction project and the possibility of accessing the project of all its participants;
  • Automated decision-making segment;
• The introduction of the technologies of the Smart City for the organization of the "Smart Construction site":
  • The control systems for the work of employees at the construction site will be introduced - the electronic passport of the builder with an indication of all tolerances, certificates and licenses, a smart bracelet to control access to the construction site;
  • The construction sites will be equipped with sensors to monitor the state of the environment, noise level;
  • Construction equipment will be equipped with systems for controlling the materials applied;
  • Technologies of through identification of building materials and individual structures of factory manufacture will be introduced;
  • Monitoring the construction process will be carried out, including through drones, video surveillance systems and sensors to reduce the cost of controlling construction and improving the level of safety;
• Creating a comprehensive information system for the treatment of all types of waste at construction sites:
  • Information from the construction site on volumes and types of construction waste and demolition will be transmitted in real time;
  • Classification and intellectual selection of polygons will be held in order to further organize work on the processing and reuse of construction waste and demolition;
  • The formation of optimal routes during transportation of construction and demolition waste, soils will be provided;
• Application of smart contracts in construction:
  • Smart contracts will be defined as a type of execution of the obligations of construction participants;
  • For the examination of project documentation and the supply of building materials will be smart contracts;
  • The use of smart contracts will eliminate the falsification of contracts and construction documentation;
• Application of virtual and augmented reality:
  • Application in the design, modeling and construction of buildings and structures VR / AR / MR technologies will provide access to detailed information on the parameters of materials and structural elements of the information model;
  • The use of holographic projections in the presentation of architectural projects and conducting public hearings will increase their attractiveness and quality of implementation in the urban environment;
• Innovative construction methods:
  • Three-dimensional printing of buildings and their individual elements, digital modular construction and the preparation of infrastructure to the introduction of the Internet of things will significantly speed up and reduce the main development process.

Strategic projects in the field of urban planning

2.1.1. Planning territories based on intellectual analysis of large urban data and artificial intelligence technologies;

Technologies:

Planning of urban planning activities in Moscow will be carried out on the basis of the analysis of large data and accompanied by the development of a digital three-dimensional model of the city. Alternative scenarios for the development of the city will be developed, taking into account many parameters - including the existing restrictions on the development of architectural and historically important territories. Discussion and referendums on urban development issues will occur on the platform of digital democracy (see paragraph 6.1.4). Analysis of large urban data and the use of artificial intelligence will improve the quality of development of territorial planning documents and urban zoning.

2.1.2. The use of BIM-technologies at all stages of the realization of the life cycle of the object - from planning to output from operation;

Technologies:

The use of information modeling in the construction and operation of buildings (structures) will expand. The use of BIM methods and means will be a generally accepted practice in Moscow, which allows to reduce the terms and costs of capital construction. A city portal of information models of buildings (structures), road transport facilities, their structural elements and materials used will be created.
BIM-based digitalization will cover all the processes of the object's life cycle, starting with urban planning and ending with the output of the object from operation. "Digital twins" of buildings based on BIM models will allow you to track the state of buildings and engineering systems, predict infrastructure breakdowns (elevators, pipelines, etc.) and calculate the service life to overhaul. "Digital twins" of buildings can take advantage of emergency services, for example, during the rescue of people during a fire and carrying out anti-terrorism operations.

2.1.3. Creating a single digital platform in the urban planning sector;

Technologies:

Running a platform for electronic interaction of developers, banks and authorities will increase the transparency of management in construction, will prevent and identify offenses in this area, to ensure the quality of construction work, and will also contribute to the implementation of effective mechanisms for verifying the execution by the developer of their obligations. On this site will operate personal offices of all developers / banks with full information on the construction project and the possibility of accessing the project of all its participants. The platform will host a public card with information layers on land, zones with special use conditions, engineering communications and possible dots to connect to networks.

2.1.4. The use of smart contracts in urban construction as a type of fulfillment of obligations of construction participants;

Technologies:

In all areas of urban construction, the possibility of imprisonment of smart contracts will be provided, that is, contracts in electronic form, fulfillment of rights and obligations under which are carried out by automatically performing digital transactions in the distributed registry in a strictly defined sequence and upon the occurrence of certain circumstances.
Smart contracts will be identified as a type of fulfillment of the obligations of construction participants and will be to conduct an examination of project documentation and the supply of building materials. The use of smart contracts will eliminate the falsification of contracts, construction documentation, acts of acceptance of work.

2.1.5. The use of "smart" technologies in construction;

Technologies:

A number of measures will be developed to stimulate the use of smart technologies in construction. The principles of "green construction" will be introduced in order to reduce the harmful effects on ecology, energy efficiency, reduce emissions in the construction and operation of buildings. A comprehensive treatment system with all types of waste at construction sites will be created, and the recycling and reuse activities will be highly automated / robotized. The number of construction waste will be radically reduced due to the three-dimensional printing of buildings (structures) and their individual elements.

2.1.6. Modeling construction objects using cross-cutting technologies: three-dimensional modeling, virtual and augmented reality, artificial intelligence;

Technologies:

In the design and construction of buildings (structures), technologies of virtual, complemented and mixed reality will be applied (AR / VR / MR). Virtual buildings on the future construction site will allow to assess the change in the landscape and find out the opinion of the residents about the planned structures. AR / VR / MR glasses will allow prolabs to obtain detailed information about the parameters of materials and structural elements of the building. During presentations and public hearings, holographic projections of architectural projects will enhance their attractiveness.

2.1.7. Creating conditions for use by citizens "smart" housing.

Technologies:

Standards and regulations for the use of smart housing technologies will be developed. The Unified Digital Platform of Smart Housing in Moscow will provide connecting devices and Internet sensors of things, including for remote collection, transmission, storage and analysis of data on the consumption of communal resources and services. A catalog of personalized solutions in the field of intelligent housing will be developed.

2.2. Housing and utilities

Current status

• To a single dispatch service - a centralized point of adoption of all appeals of citizens on the topics of housing and communal services - all districts of Moscow are connected (except Tinao);
• For 2017, the Unified Dispatcher Service of the city of Moscow has processed 8.3 million appeals;
• The formation of a regional capital repairs and monitoring of work is automated by 100%;
• The total number of equipment connected to the GLONASS control system has reached 15.5 thousand units. For all yard territories in the city there is automatic monitoring of sanitation quality using GLONASS funds;
• Current information on the planned and capital repairs of apartment buildings is available on the portal of public services of the city of Moscow;
• On the portal DOM.Syt placed the currently updated rating of organizations managed by apartment buildings;
• An automated system for taking into account resources (ASUPR) was introduced into industrial operation;
• A unified data storage of ACS EIRTS has been created, as well as displayed display cases of "accrual and payment" data, "Housing Fund" and the subsystem "Work with debt".

• Improving the availability and quality of utilities provided with utilities due to the introduction of digital technologies;
• Improving the efficiency of the use of resources in housing and communal services and ensuring the economy of the budget of the city of Moscow;
• Ensuring transparency of management, prevention and detection of offenses in housing and communal services;
• Improving the level of safety, reliability, availability of housing and utilities infrastructure and decline in accidents.

Strategic directions

• Application of BIM-technologies at all stages of the realization of the life cycle of objects of utility engineering infrastructure:
  1. • BIM-based digitalization will cover all the processes of the life cycle of utility and housing infrastructure facilities, including operation, maintenance and provision of utilities services;
     • "Digital copies" of objects of utility engineering infrastructure will monitor the life cycle of objects and engineering systems, predict infrastructure breakdowns (elevators, pipelines, etc.), as well as the need for overhaul buildings and apartment buildings;
     • The introduction of automated systems for controlling the building and objects of housing and utilities of the LCD infrastructure will ensure automatic control and dispatching of engineering systems, collecting statistics on the statistics of structural elements and building systems based on the information model;
• Formation of a general "system system" based on the analysis of large data and AI:
  1. • Based on individual systems of energy, heat, gas and water supply, a single integrated "system system" will be developed;
     • System System will contain data on urban housing and communal infrastructure, as well as relevant data from related regions (transport, telecommunications), geodesic information (for example, the condition and composition of the soil), etc.;
     • Housing and communal services will be largely based on large data generated by citizens, business, executive authorities and Internet devices, in the medium term in the management of the AI \u200b\u200bsystems will be involved;
• The use of digital platforms and web platforms of things:
  1. • The citywide digital platforms and the Internet platforms will provide accounting and saving resource consumption, timely warning of accidents and reducing the time of their elimination, control of the degree of worn out of engineering communications, increasing the transparency of management and the solution of other housing and utilities tasks;
     • Accounting devices connected to the Internet will allow on request to fully automate accounting and pay for all utilities services;
• Application of informational and analytical tools for effective housing and utilities management:
  1. • The use of information and analytical tools in the Housing and Hospitations will expand, including semantic analysis of text and speech for processing citizens' appeals, multidimensional statistical analysis, processing complex events;
     • New technologies will eliminate the human factor in determining the volume of housing and utilities financing, monitoring the quality of work, identifying problem areas, identifying and preventing offenses in housing and public utilities.

With an initiative to assign the status of pilot territory as part of the project in Minstroy Russia, 37 cities of 33 regions of the country appealed. Applications 25 municipalities have already been approved, the decision on new appeals will be made at the next meeting of the project working group, the Deputy Minister of Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation, head of the Smart City Working Group, Andrei Chibis today during the All-Russian Selector Meeting.

Today, the first All-Russian meeting on the implementation of the "Smart City" project was held under the chairmanship of the Deputy Head of the Ministry of Construction of Russia, which also attended representatives of the Ministry of Communications of Russia. "We sent a smart city project passport to the government, which should be considered at the nearest meeting of the profile government commission. Up to this point, add-ons can be made to the passport - so we are waiting for colleagues from the regions of the addition and comments on the document. Including, this applies to the entry into the number of pilots, "- opening the meeting noted the deputy head of the Ministry of Construction of Russia Andrei Chibis.

The "Smart City" project becomes unifying for projects of modernization of housing and public utilities, the formation of a comfortable urban environment, an increase in the effectiveness of the organization of the management and planning system of urban resources, the creation of tools for engaging citizens in the management processes of urban economy. It is based on five key principles: human orientation, the manufacturability of urban infrastructure, improving the quality of urban resources management, a comfortable and safe environment, emphasis on economic efficiency, including the service component of the urban environment.

The most important condition for the implementation of these principles is the widespread introduction of advanced technologies and materials in urban and communal infrastructure and construction, the use of modern architectural solutions, as well as the digitalization of urban economy, which will ensure a decent standard of living of citizens of the Russian Federation.

The first priority tasks of the project included:

1. Creating a project infrastructure: development and launch of a bank of solutions of a smart city (including financial, legal and technological decisions), the development of methodological materials and legislative changes

2. Testing specific technological and organizational solutions in Pilot Territories

3. Development of the "Intellect of Cities" evaluation and launch of the control system

4. Support for the development of modern technology by enterprises of urban economy and communal complex, as well as private investors.

Recall, the Ministry of Economics of Russia created the Working Group "Smart City" in which representatives of all interested federal and regional authorities, representatives of the residential and communal services, the largest technologies developers, the expert community, universities and the centers of competencies (about 220 representatives). A departmental project "Smart City" has been developed, the relevant activities are included in the National Program Passport of the Digital Economics.

Today, the population of the Earth is about 7.4 billion people, almost half - 3.6 billion, already live in cities, although another 10 years ago, the share of the urban population was about 35%. At such a high pace of urbanization, the load created by urban services is often unbearable.

The concept of a smart city (Smart City) was invented to solve this problem. The purpose of the program is to improve the efficiency of all urban services. The concept received quite widespread: at the moment, Smart City in one way or another is implemented in 2500 cities around the world.

It is difficult to give a clear definition for SMART CITY. In general, this is a system in which existing urban service resources are used in the best way and ensuring maximum security of urban life. This requires a close relationship between the "Smart City" projects (video surveillance, state services, intellectual transport system, etc.) across the city or region.

One of the most important components of Smart City is the intelligent transport system (ITS), which optimizes the traffic movement by displaying the road situation on street information panels and user smartphones, suggests them the best route and carries many other useful functions. The following system-inexformation (GIS) serves as a common "geographic substrate" for all subsystems Smart City. Another subsystem is the electronic police (EPOLICE), works as follows: with any call to the electronic police panel, the location of the caller is displayed on the GIS card, and the duty monitor opens a window for registering a message, its subsequent processing and acceptance of operational measures. Another feature is an electronic formation (Eeducation). It allows the student to attend lectures, sitting at the computer. The student will also listen to the lecture, see the teacher and follow his entries on the electronic chalkboard in the audience. The student can even virtually "raise the hand" from home and ask a teacher's question. All recorded lectures are saved for subsequent viewing and securing material.

And finally, e-health (EHEALTH). This feature will simplify the process of the electronic record to the doctor. The basis of the system is a single electronic base of patients. In this base, it can immediately get acquainted with what tests were made, what treatment was appointed in other clinics. The video conferencing system with the effect of the presence (TelePresence) will help to hold a consultation of specialists, consider the results of MRI and X-ray, as well as to make an operation under the remote surgeon.

It can be concluded that for efficient SMART City work requires a deeply integrated system consisting of many subsystems. There is no great point to implement such projects in part, it is necessary to develop a common concept of a smart city, which will be taken into account both the current needs of various urban services and development prospects, taking into account all external factors. Therefore, in Smart City projects, an integrated approach is needed, which is the main obstacle in the implementation of the concept.

In the list of companies engaged in the implementation of the "Smart City" projects, Huawei can be allocated: the company has experience in introducing Smart City components in China's cities with a population of over 15 million people, such as Shanghai, Guangzhou and others.

In Russia, Huawei took part in the implementation of the project "Safe City" in St. Petersburg. For this, a system was developed for cloud storage of video files with 12 thousand cameras of the exterior video surveillance system, removing in the resolution of 1080p. The cloud storage capacity is 40PB (1B \u003d 1000000 GB). The system allows you to quickly find the desired fragment on the video, thereby ensure the high efficiency of security measures. The decision also has such advantages as the unified sharing of resources by various services and improved urban security as a result of the use of intelligent analysis of video content.

Huawei is allocated by the presence of a wide range of equipment and solutions for various levels of SMART CITY solutions, as well as extensive experience in IT equipment supplies (servers, storage systems, routers and switches) and data centers infrastructure. Due to this, the implementation of a wide range of hardware platforms for SMART City solutions becomes possible with Huawei.

Until 2050 in Kazakhstan, it is planned to bring the share of alternative and renewable energy sources to 50% of the country's total energy balance. In this regard, Expo 2017 and its main topic - "the energy of the future" - turned out to be very by the way. Within the framework of the exhibition, an international database of alternative energy sources was created, from which you can learn how to achieve different countries. Archspeech chose the technology of the future, which are already implemented or only waiting in the hour.

Kazakhstan

It is planned that the exploit after the exhibition is closed will be a self-sufficient area that fully provides itself with energy. Moreover, with a good sun and wind will be able to transfer it to the city power system of the left bank of Astana. To do this, around the perimeter of the town placed wind turbines and integrated "smart power grids" - Smart Grids - the development of the German company Siemens. 42 Substations are combined into a network with a single control center and are able to automatically redistribute the load in networks, given the level of solar activity and the varying wind force, reducing the loss during electricity transportation to 30%.

In its own innovative for the capital of Kazakhstan, a project to use geothermal energy was becoming a project. The fact is that now there is no natural gas in Astana, therefore, alternative technologies for the heating of residential buildings are developing, including with the help of underground geothermal sources. With the participation of the German company Petroline, an extraimental house of 190 square meters was built here. m, the heat for which is extracted from a well depth of 130 meters and allows in winter to reduce the monthly heating costs by almost 70%.

Germany

Detailed information about the project was presented in the German pavilion, where architects from the GTP2 Bureau, guided by the Energy On Track motto ("Energy on the right path"), created the real city of the future. The most memorable was the house with "live facades" Bio Intelligent QUOTIENT (BIQ), over the concept of which several companies operated immediately - Splitterwerk, Label Für Bildende Kunst, Graz Arup (Berlin), B + G Ingenieure (Frankfurt) and Immosolar (Hamburg). Its front panels are populated with algae and work as a bioreactor. The process begins with the supply of algae wastewater, their growth as a result of photosynthesis, absorption and use of the thermal energy of the Sun, for example, for home heating, and the cycle of harvesting foam from algae ends. Biomass, including can be used to produce food and cosmetics. The first building in the world, fed by algae, is built as an experiment in Hamburg.

The construction technology for a new energy consumption standard "Effective House Plus" (Effizienzhaus Plus) is more promoted. In Germany, 35 projects of houses have already been implemented, which produce more energy than consume, including by photovoltaic installation. New solar cell modules are developed by the Institutes of Solar Energy Systems (ISE).

Finland

Finland, who ranked first in the list of the most "green" countries in the world last year according to the ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE INDEX rating, in 2017 paid attention to the pavilion from Atelje Sotamaa architects. They created the modernist space from the tree under the motto "Sharing Pure Energy", thereby reminding that 70% of their country is covered with forests. But the status of "green" is largely provided by Finnish "Clean Technologies" (Cleantech), which develop entire cities as the city-twist Astana - Oulu.

A more special case is the technology of gel-air heat exchangers Polarsol, which allows you to get warm and cold without connecting to centralized systems. Year-round autonomous storage devices of solar energy, also one of the most efficient heat efficient air recoveors and wastewater, they pay off in five years for multi-storey construction. Polarsol came up with Russian engineer Anton Serbin, bought the Finnish technology today, production today is in Joensuu, and the heat exchangers are presented in the pavilion of the best practices.

Pavilion best practices

Expo organizers selected 24 projects in the field of alternative energy from 13 countries of the world and presented them in the pavilion of the best practices. Here, as we have already written, the Finnish technology Polarsol, as well as the German IceStorage from Viessmann. This development from Germany also proposes to use heat exchangers to accumulate energy, but built into a large underground reservoir filled with water. In a special ice storage, natural freezing and thawing water processes occur, which are converted into energy for heating and cooling buildings.

In addition to the livelihoods of buildings, there are other tasks related, for example, with energy-efficient lighting. French Startup Glowee The first in the world offered to draw backlight shop windows and facades of buildings from sea microorganisms. The project does not set a goal to completely replace electrical lighting, rather offers an alternative solution to the smallest environmental impact.

Singapore

Photo inform.kz.

If Germany is famous for its achievements in the field of use of solar energy, and France - wind parks, then Singapore cannot boast so much. There are no strong winds here, so it is impossible to develop hydropower, the sun close the clouds and shades of skyscrapers most of the year. But the more interesting to understand how 700 square meters are. The CM is developing a national idea on the formation of Singapore as an environmentally friendly city with "zero waste" and a prosperous "green" economy by 2030.

About experimental projects providing sustainable development of the city-state, described in detail in the pavilion, which is called "Small City of Big Ideas" (Small City, Big Ideas). There are obvious projects with solar batteries on the roofs of skyscrapers, less obvious with the possibility of cooling quarters due to the water, which is allowed underground, and unique finds like the Capita Green Tower from Toyo ITO and Takenaka Corporation engineers. The height with a double facade is completely attached by greens, including the height forest on the roof - all together allows you to hold the solar energy by 26% better. Pavilion visitors are offered to choose the most interesting project until the "Vertical Forest" leads rightly.

The growth of information and communication technologies, monitoring and control tools has also influenced the development of cities concentrating the bulk of innovation. Their implementation contributed to improving the quality of urban management, the dissemination of new services that simplify the access of residents to urban services. Will in the near future in Russia "Smart Cities" and what are the possibilities of Smart City, learned the editorial board of the strategy magazine.

The concept of Smart City involves the use of intellectual and information and communication technologies to manage urban property. The main purpose of the concept is to satisfy the needs of residents of the city. Smart City covers almost all areas of city management, including public administration, transport mobility, utilities, health, education, public safety, finance, trade, production and living environment.

An important element of the concept is intelligent innovations based on information technologies and data analysis. Their spread affects the economic landscape, creates new fast-growing areas or radically changes existing ones. At the same time, these innovation generation process can be acting on two channels: from automated accounting systems that fix various parameters of urban systems, to residents of the city, creating formalized requests for changes.

The level of development of the "smart city" can be determined by the number of areas of management covered by intellectual technologies, the complexity of technologies and the complexity of their operation. The implementation of the concept of a "smart city", as a rule, begins with the introduction of technologies in certain, not related areas, including e-government systems that improve the communication of the city administration, various institutions and residents. This allows you to improve the collection and processing of information about the city. The development of technologies based on large-scale integrated platforms and combining the elements of the city into a single system increases the efficiency of management and development of "smart services", oriented towards numerous user groups.

To date, the concept of Smart City has received active development in the United States, developed countries of Europe and Southeast Asia. Based on the experience of these countries, there are two main approaches for the implementation of the concept.

The first approach is the introduction of Smart City technologies by designing and creating new cities. This allows you to carefully consider the infrastructure of the future city and ensure the maximum integration of all urban systems. Examples of this approach are designed or implemented urban projects in South Korea, UAE, China.

In most cases, these are relatively small, compact settlements, where the infrastructure is initially created by pre-designed, often enough hard standards. Often the development of such a city is considered as a single megaproekt, which is detailed to individual projects and subprojects, and its effectiveness is initially estimated from the point of view of economic effects.

The second, more common approach, implies the implementation of the concept of a "smart city" in already existing cities, where local or integrated projects on the implementation of intellectual technologies are implemented on the basis of the infrastructure, which are then implemented to the system. The leaders of this destination - Amsterdam, Stockholm, Barcelona, \u200b\u200bSingapore - were tied up with the help of intelligent technologies extensive areas of urban economy, significantly increasing the effectiveness of urban systems and the quality of life of the population.

A wide interest in SMART City is associated with the possibility of obtaining various positive effects (economic, social, environmental). The use of information and communication infrastructure and technologies allows to adapt the work of urban systems to actual needs and loads, consequence of which is to reduce costs by reducing the consumption of resources, improving the quality of services, the creation of new economic growth points.

The introduction of intellectual technologies affects almost all areas. For the transport sector - this is an increase in mobility, a decrease in time costs, for health care - cost reduction due to better diagnosis of diseases, less burden on institutions, simplifying access to medical care, quality control of services, increased public health, for education - control of the learning process, personalization programs, improve access to knowledge, for finance - cost reduction, increasing transparency, safety and simplification of transactions, development of crowdfunding, new payment systems, raising targeting in the management of the budget, for habitat - management of environmental and buildings, the introduction of new effective materials for Retail is a more accurate identification of consumer needs, a decrease in time costs, for production and construction - optimization of production processes, control of resource costs. Also, the SMART CITY concept enhances the overall level of security, including environmental, reduces emissions and consumption of resources. Receiving significant effects is confirmed by the experience of cities, for a long time working on the introduction of Smart City. The use of intellectual technologies allowed them to achieve a decrease in energy consumption by 30%, outdoor crime - by 30%, traffic - by 20%, water loss - by 20%. Indirect effects achieved as a result of the adoption of the best management decisions and the development of a higher quality urban environment, appear in the form of increasing economic and social activity, economic growth, increasing income of the population and budget funds.

The economic effects of the introduction of intellectual technologies are to reduce the costs of residents of the city and budget expenditures, as well as in the growth of the income of local companies. The released financial resources can return to the economy by expenditure of households and companies in other areas, investments in improving services, which, taking into account the multiplicative effects, will have an additional impact on economic growth. Stimulation of growth can be achieved and due to more efficient use of the city budget (redirects released expenses in other areas) or reducing local taxes for companies of priority sectors of the economy.

SMART CITY concept in Russia

In Russia, interest in Smart City is growing, but there are still relatively few examples of projects in this direction. Significant experience has been accumulated in a small number of Russian cities, leaders in the development of intellectual systems - Moscow, Kazan and partly Skolkovo.

Today, the most advanced city in terms of implementing the concept of Smart City is, definitely, Moscow, moving from pilot projects in separate segments to integrated development on the basis of engaging in an analysis of an increasingly wide circle of data, uniformity of platforms and active feedback from end users. The Smart City Kazan project is now at an early stage, the main efforts are focused on creating an infrastructure that allows monitoring and collect data in areas such as transportation, housing and communal services, security, urban environmental and environmental conditions. The creation of the Skolkovo innovation center is a Russian example of creating a "smart city" from scratch.

Initiatives for the introduction of individual "smart services" are present in other cities of Russia. The experience of applying the relevant technologies was accumulated in the preparation of the Olympic Games in Sochi. In St. Petersburg and Tomsk, draft projects on the introduction of "smart systems" in the field of security and rational management of urban utilities, the desire to create a "smart city" express the authorities of the Moscow region. In a number of cities, it is planned to implement pilot projects for the development of "smart energy". Investigation of the potential for the development of "smart technologies" in 164 Russian cities with a population of over 100 thousand people conducted by the Institute of Regional Research and Urban Planning HSE as potential leaders in Moscow, Yekaterinburg, some Cities of the Moscow region, Khanty-Mansiysk and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous districts.

In practice, the development of intellectual technologies addresses primarily the city with significant economic potential, the budget security of which allows you to implement such projects, and the authorities are well aware of the benefits of a "smart city".

For the introduction of intellectual technologies in Russia, the most attractive areas where the benefits of their use are obvious. These include energy, the modernization of which allows companies to achieve a significant effect of resource saving and expenses. As well as the introduction of intelligent transport systems, which make it possible to achieve complex effects - from optimizing traffic flows in the city, reduce the load on the road network to improving road safety and improving the environmental situation in the city.

Potentially promising experts consider such areas as education, medicine, social services. The introduction of "smart city" technologies in these areas allows you to individualize services and control their quality, adjusting in accordance with consumer requests, improve security and at the same time to control the cost of the budget in these areas.

SMART CITY development prospects in Russia

How can I stimulate the development of SMART CITY in Russia? To implement the concept of a "smart city", a number of conditions are necessary. First, the progressive, modern and adequate regulatory environment, developed infrastructure, including IT infrastructure and its readiness for innovation, monitoring technology, data collection, processing and control, and second, well-built city management systems on The basis of uniform standards, integration of all systems, clearly designated changes to the Changes, intelligent users who are ready to change that ensure the consumption of services and stimulate the development of the system.

The absence of one of these elements can significantly make it difficult to create and implement intellectual technologies. In Russian cities, problems are often present in all these areas, which creates serious barriers to smart cities. Among the main obstacles - low theme priority on the agenda at all levels of government, the lack of explicit incentives (including economic) to reduce the costs of introducing innovation, lack of benefits at high initial costs and costs, lack of experience in the application of the SMART City concept in Russia, slow Exchange knowledge in this area. In addition, among barriers to low coordination and disunity of infrastructure management systems, the heterogeneity of the interests of various departments, the poor quality of the physical infrastructure of Russian cities, a limited demand for innovation from the population by virtue of the low knowledge of technology opportunities.

These problems lead to a limited introduction of technologies in large cities with sufficiently energy markets, where the concentration of population with high incomes creates sufficient demand for innovation, while only local tasks are solved in narrow regions. In cities with a weak economic potential, the introduction of intellectual technologies is even more difficult, which leads to the lag of these cities, the further loss of their competitiveness and decrease in attractiveness. To overcome these barriers, large comprehensive projects could be promoted, providing for a radical change of the paradigm of the development of urban systems, but at the moment such initiatives in Russia are actually absent.

International experience shows that the main customer of the development of the SMART City concept is most often the authorities that ensure the formation of a long-term vision and an integrated approach in the introduction of technologies. The state may be an independent customer of new technologies and solutions, create business incentives for the introduction of the necessary technologies. An important aspect of the implementation of the Concept is a clear understanding of the authorities of the achieved goals and the expected results, including those measured in economic metrics.

In Russia, to overcome the barriers named above, it is the authorities that should formulate long-term goals and create the conditions for their achievement. The development of the necessary infrastructure can be provided on the basis of the application of various models of public-private partnership, and the financing of key projects can be carried out by providing preferences, budget funds, banks and funds. The main functions in the implementation of the "Smart City" projects can be transferred to the Specialized Institute for Development.

The development and implementation of intellectual systems should be accompanied by the involvement of all parties interested in the sustainable development of the city (residents of cities, local communities, public and non-profit organizations, professional associations, representatives of large, small and medium-sized businesses). The state should act as a coordinator of such interactions, ensuring the identification of the opinions and interests of all these parties, as well as opening access to the management and use of data, services and infrastructure.

In Russia, where ¾ of the population lives in cities, the introduction of technologies that stimulate the economy that increase the efficiency of the management of urban systems and the quality of life of the population should be one of the most urgent tasks. Together with the modernization of infrastructure, new technologies solve the most important task of eliminating the technological backwardness of the cities of Russia, and the use of intellectual systems creates a sustainable development for future.