Engineering. Engineering SNiP 2.06 15 Actualized Editorial

the Russian Federation Resolution of the USSR State Building

SNiP 2.06.15-85 Engineering protection of the territory from flooding and flooding

install tabmark

SNiP 2.06.15-85

BUILDING REGULATIONS

Engineering protection of the territory from flooding and flooding

Date of introduction 1986-07-01

Developed by the Institute "Hydroproekt" them. S.Ya.Zhuk Midnergo of the USSR (Cand. Tech. Sciences G.G.Gangardt, A.G. Skolkov, V.M. Semenkov, Candidates of Technology. Sciences S.I.Gorshin, M.P. Malyshev - Head of the topic; Cand. Geogr. Sciences S.M. Suspensky, Cand. Biol. Sciences N.M. Schamova, V.N. Kontrakiev, L.S.Svashchenko, MD Modovanov, Cand. Tech. Sciences I.I. FIEC , I.P. Fedorov and Yu.P.Ivanov), TsNIipgrad-building Citizensistance of the USSR (Ph.D. Candidates. Sciences V.B. Beluev and N.A. Korneev), Vnia Vytzho Gosstroy USSR (Cand. Tech. Sciences V.S. Alkseev , Dr. Tech. Sciences, prof. A.Zh.Muftakhov, Cand. Tech. Sciences N.P.Kuranov, I.V.Karinchenko), PNIIIS Gosstroy USSR (candidates tech. Sciences V.V. Vernikov and E. S.Dzekzer), in / about "Soyuzovodproekt" Minodovichoza USSR (Cand. Tech. Sciences P.G. Fialkovsky, A.N.Krzhizhanovsky), Soyuzi-Division. E.E. Alexseevsky Minovikhoz USSR (candidates of tehn. Sciences G.P. Bodzinskaya and K.A.Tikhonova, V.N. Bogomolov), Saniiri. VD Zhurina Minodovikhoz USSR (candidates of tech. Sciences Kh.A. Iirmukhamedov and M.M.M. MMIZHATOV), Ukrainian branch of the TsNIIKIVR Minovikhoz USSR (candidates of tech. Science V.L. Maximchuk, A.I.Tomiltseva and V.P. . Cauchenko), Institute "Hyprogor" State Building of the RSFSR (I.M.Shdider and P.A. Minchenko), Institute of Hydromechanics of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Academy of Sciences (ChL-Corr. Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Ussr. Sciences N. G.Pivovar, Cand. Tech. Sciences Yu.N. Sokolnikov), IVP Academy of Sciences of the USSR (Dr. Tekhn. Sciences M.G.Hublaryan, Dr. Geogr. Science A. B.Avakyan, candidates Geogr. Sciences V. P. Saltankin and V.A.Sharapov), Impeiths them. E.I. Markinovsky Ministry of Health of the USSR (Corr. AMN of the USSR, Prof. F.F.Soprunov, Dr. Honey. Sciences N.A. Lomanhenko and S.A. Bair), Mnium Higien. F. F. Erisman Ministry of Health of the USSR (candidates honey. Sciences L.V. Kudrin, G.V. Guskov and I.L. Rinokur), Gizr of the Ministry of Agriculture of the USSR (Candidates Econ. Sciences S.I.Nosov and V.A.Vashanov , V.P.Vlashkin), VNII OF NATURE PROTECTION AND PROPERT CERES OF THE MINSELOGOHMA USSR (Dr. Biol. Sciences Yu.P. Kazan and Ya.V. Sapetin), Dnipropetrovsk branch "Ukrcommunniyproekt" MINJILOMMUMNIIPROEKEKT " Ivanov), Giprombommunster of the Minzhilcomhozhoz RSFSR (V.P.Sapronenkov, B.P.Kopkov and O.P. Stadukhina), MII. V.V. Kuybysheva Minwza USSR (Dr. Tech. Sciences Prof. N.A. Shatovich, Cand. Tech. Sciences Ya.Kronik, E.A.Smetchuk and D.S.Fotiev), Schoolingo Mingheo USSR ( Dr. Geol. Mineral. Sciences, prof. V.M.Goldberg, Cand. Geol.-Mineral. Sciences S.M. Semenov), Fondamatteract of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the USSR (M.Pink, A.A. Kolelesov and in . D.Antonyuk), Vnielm of the USSR Gosplashoz (L.T. Pavlushkin, Cand. Geogr. Sciences V.V. Susuev).

Made by the USSR Ministry of Energy.

Prepared for the approval of the head of the USSR (V.A. Kulinichev).

When using the regulatory document, approved changes in the construction standards and government standards, published in the Journal of the Construction Equipment Bulletin and the State Standards Info.

When designing systems, objects and structures of engineering protection, the "Fundamentals of the Land Legislation of the Union of SSR and the Union republics", "Basics of Water Laws of the SSR and Union Republic," Fundamentals of the Forest Legislation of the SSR and Union Republic, "The USSR Law on Protection and The use of the animal world "and other legislation on the protection of nature and use of natural resources, as well as the requirements of regulatory documents approved or agreed by the USSR State Building.

1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

Protection of the territory of settlements, industrial and utility warehouse objects should provide:

uninterrupted and reliable functioning and development of urban, urban planning, industrial, technical, communication, transport facilities, recreation areas and other territorial systems and individual structures of the national economy;

regulatory health conditions of the population;

regulatory sanitary and hygienic, social and recreational conditions of protected territories.

Protection against flooding and flooding of mineral deposits and mining workings should provide:

protection of subsoil and natural landscapes;

safe maintenance of open and underground development of mineral deposits, including nonmetallic materials;

the elimination of the possibility of technogenic flooding and flooding the territories caused by the development of mineral deposits.

Protection of agricultural lands and natural landscapes should:

promote the intensification of the production of agricultural, forest and fish products;

create optimal agrotechnical conditions;

regulate hydrological and hydrogeological modes on a protected area depending on the functional use of land;

contribute to the integrated and rational use and protection of land, aquatic, mineral and commodity and other natural resources.

When protecting natural landscapes near cities and settlements, it is necessary to provide for the use of the territory for the creation of sanitary protection zones, forest parks, medical and recreation facilities, recreation areas, including all types of tourism, recreation and sports.

1.2. The fixed assets of engineering protection should include oblivion, an artificial increase in the surface of the territory, the rigororegulating structures and structures on the regulation and allocation of surface runoff, drainage systems and individual drains and other protective structures.

As auxiliary means of engineering protection, the natural properties of natural systems and their components will be used, which enhances the effectiveness of fixed assets of engineering protection. The latter should include an increase in the drainage and drainage role of the hydrographic network by clearing the bedrid and old people, phytomeliolation, agricultural activities, etc.

The project of engineering protection of the territory should include organizational and technical measures providing for ensuring the skipping of spring salon and summer floods.

Engineering protection in the built-in territories should include the formation of a single complex territorial system or local priest protective structures that ensure the effective protection of territories from flooding on rivers, flooding and flooding when creating reservoirs and channels, from raising groundwater levels caused by the construction and operation of buildings, structures and Networks.

Unified integrated territorial engineering systems should be designed independently of the departmental affiliation of protected areas and objects.

1.3. The need to protect the territories of the understanding of rivers from natural floodings is determined by the need and degree of use of certain sections of these territories under urban or industrial development, or under agricultural land, as well as mineral deposits.

The estimated parameters of flooding flooding rivers should be determined on the basis of engineering and hydrological calculations, depending on the classes of protective structures of section.2. At the same time, flooding should be distinguished: deep-water (the depth of over 5 m), the average (depth of 2 to 5 m), shallow (depth of the surface coating of the sushi water to 2 m).

1.4. The boundaries of technogenic flooding territories should be determined in the development of projects of water facilities of various purposes and waste and wastewater systems from industrial enterprises, agricultural land and mining mineral mining.

The negative effect of flooding with existing or projected reservoirs should be assessed depending on the modes of carrying out the reservoir and the duration of the flooding on the coastal territory. It should be distinguished: constant flooding - below the level of the level of the dead volume (UMO); Periodic - between the marks of the normal retaining level (NPU) and the UMO; Temporary (forcing the reservoir level above NPU).

1.5. In assessing the negative impacts of flooding the territory, it is necessary to take into account the depth of groundwater, duration and intensity of the process, hydrogeological, engineering and geocryological, health, geobotanical, zoological, soil, agricultural, landlocative, economic and economic features of the district protected area.

In assessing the damage from flooding, it is necessary to take into account the development of the territory, the classes of protected structures and objects, the value of agricultural land, mineral deposits and natural landscapes.

1.6. When developing engineering protection projects from flooding, the following flooding sources should be taken into account: the distribution of groundwater supply of groundwater from reservoirs, channels, GESA basins, and other hydraulic structures, groundwater subporas due to filtering with irrigated land for adjacent territories, water leakage from water-carrying communications and structures on Protected areas, atmospheric precipitation.

At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the possibility of a one-time manifestation of certain sources of flooding or their combinations.

The flooding zone on the coastal territory of the projected reservoir or other water object should be determined by the forecast of the spread of the groundwater subhearance at the estimated level of water in the water bodice on the basis of geological and hydrogeological research, and on existing water bodies - based on hydrogeological studies.

The zone of propagation of groundwater subpora from irrigated lands on conjugate territories should be determined on the basis of water-balanced and hydrodynamic calculations, the results of geological and soil surveys.

It should be considered:

the degree of atmospheric moistening of protected areas;

water loss from water-mounted communications and tanks.

The prediction quantitative characteristics of flooding for the developed territories must be compared with the actual data of hydrogeological observations. In case of exceeding the actual data on the forecast, additional sources of flooding should be detected.

1.7. With engineering protection of urban and industrial areas, negative influence of flooding on:

change in the physicomechanical properties of soils at the base of engineering structures and the aggressiveness of groundwater;

reliability of structures of buildings and structures, including those erected on the worked and previously developed territories;

stability and strength of underground structures with a change in hydrostatic pressure of groundwater;

corrosion of underground parts of metal structures, pipeline systems, water supply and heat supply systems;

reliability of the operation of engineering communications, structures and equipment due to penetration of water into underground rooms;

manifestation of suffusion and erosion;

sanitary and hygienic state of the territory;

storage conditions for food and non-food products in basement and underground warehouses.

1.8. When flooding agricultural land and natural landscapes, the influence of flooding on:

changing the salt regime;

warranting of the territory;

natural systems in general and on the conditions of vital activity of representatives of flora and fauna;

sanitary and hygienic condition.

1.9. Engineering protection of the territory from flooding and flooding should be aimed at preventing or reducing national economic, social and environmental damage, which is determined by the reduction in the number and quality of products of various sectors of the national economy, the deterioration of the hygienic and health conditions of the population, the costs of restoring the reliability of objects on the sleek and flooded territories.

1.10. When designing engineering protection against flooding and flooding, it is necessary to determine the feasibility and possibility of simultaneous use of structures and systems of engineering protection in order to improve water supply and water supply, cultural and living conditions of the population, the operation of industrial and utilities, as well as in the interests of energy, road, rail and railway and Water transport, mining, mining, rural, forest, fish and hunting, land recreation, recreation and environmental protection, providing for projects the possibility of creating options for engineering protection of multifunctional purposes.

1.11. The project of engineering protection structures should provide:

reliability of protective structures, the smooth operation of their operation at the lowest operating costs;

the possibility of conducting systematic observations of the work and the state of structures and equipment;

optimal regimes of water supply facilities;

maximum use of local building materials and natural resources.

The choice of options for engineering protection structures should be made on the basis of a technical and economic comparison of indicators of compared options.

1.12. The territory of settlements and areas for the development of mineral deposits should be protected from the consequences specified in paragraphs. 7.7, as well as from landslides, thermal traffic and thermo-erosion, and agricultural land - from the consequences specified in paragraph 1.8, improving microclimatic, agrolesomeological and other conditions.

When designing engineering protection, the territories should be followed by the requirements approved by the USSR Ministry of Farovozoz, the USSR Minerbkhoz and the USSR Ministry of Health.

In cases where the designed engineering protection structures geographically coincide with existing or created water protection, environmental areas, national parks, reserves, reserves, environmental protection projects of the territory of the territory of engineering protection of the territory should be agreed with the state control authorities for the protection of the environment.

1.13. The effectiveness of the projected anti-phase measures should be determined by the comparison of the technical and economic indicators of the integrated use of the reservoir and the protected land with the use of land before the anti-phase events.

1.14. Anti-phase dams, damping dams of settlements and industrial facilities, mineral deposits and mining workings should be designed in accordance with the requirements of Section 3 of these standards and SNIP II-50-74 *, and agricultural land - also in accordance with the requirements of SNIP II- 52-74 **.

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SNiP 2.06.01-86, hereinafter in the text;

** On the territory of the Russian Federation there are SNiP 2.06.03-85, here and then on the text - Note of the database manufacturer

When designing protective anti-phase systems on rivers, the requirements of the integrated use of water flows are required.

The choice of calculation of the passage of floods through water-supply protective structures is justified by technical and economic calculations, taking into account the classes of protective structures in accordance with the requirements of Section 2.

1.15. Facilities regulating surface runoff on protected from flooding territories should be calculated on the estimated flow of surface waters entering these territories (rain and thal water, temporary and constant watercourses), taken in accordance with the class of protective structure.

Surface drain from the watershed side should be removed from the protected area through the Nagorn channels, and if necessary, it is necessary to provide a device for water bodies that allow you to accumulate part of the surface drain.

1.16. The comprehensive territorial system of engineering protection against flooding and flooding should include several different means of engineering protection in cases:

the presence on the protected territory of industrial or civil facilities, the protection of which is impossible to carry out individual means of engineering protection and is ineffective;

complex morphometric, topographic, hydrogeological and other conditions that exclude the use of a particular object of engineering protection.

1.17. When protecting the territories from flooding and flooding caused by the construction of hydropower and water facilities, the feasibility study of engineering protection I and II classes should be carried out on the basis of technical and economic calculations according to the recommended Annex 1.

The rationale of engineering protection facilities in the design of water management facilities of republican, regional, regional and local importance, as well as engineering protection structures of the III and IV classes should be carried out on the basis of the Councils of Ministers of the Union republics.

2. Classes of engineering protection structures

2.1. Classes of engineering protection structures are appointed, as a rule, not lower than classes of protected objects depending on national economic significance.

When protecting the territory on which the objects of various classes are located, the class of engineering protection structures should, as a rule, correspond to the class of most protected objects. At the same time, individual objects with a higher class than the class installed for engineering protection facilities can be protected locally. Classes of such objects and their local protection must match each other.

If the technical and economic rationale is established by the inexpediency of local protection, the class of engineering protection of the territory should be raised by one.

2.2. Classes of constant hydraulic structures of engineering protection of the water-type type should be assigned in accordance with the requirements of SNIP II-50-74 and, depending on the characteristics of the protected area on the mandatory Annex 2 of these standards.

2.3. Classes of protective structures of a non-speciable type (RUSL-RUSSIANGULATE and STOCEGORTING, DRAINING SYSTEMS, etc.) should be appointed in accordance with the USSR State Building.

The design conditions for design are accepted by SNIP II-50-74 in accordance with the adopted class.

2.4. Exceeding the row of waterfront protective structures over the estimated water level should be assigned depending on the class of protective structures and taking into account the requirements of SNiP 2.06.05-84.

It should take into account the possibility of increasing water levels due to the constituent structures with protective structures.

2.5. When protecting the territory from flooding with an increase in the surface of the territory by a subfolder or wash of the soil, the mark of the underlying territory by the water object should be taken in the same way as for the crest of the embankment dam; The surface mark of the escaped area in the protection against flooding should be determined taking into account the requirements of SNiP II-60-75 **.

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On the territory of the Russian Federation there are SNIP 2.07.01-89, here and then in the text. - Note Database Manufacturer

2.6. When designing engineering protection on the shores of watercourses and water bodies, the maximum water level in them is taken as an estimated, depending on the class of engineering protection structures in accordance with the requirements of SNiP II-50-74 for the basic settlement case.

Notes: 1. The likelihood of exceeding the estimated water level for conditions I, protecting agricultural areas with an area of \u200b\u200bover 100 thousand, is taken equal to 0.5%; For facilities of the IV class, protecting the territory of health and recreational and sanitary protection, - 10%.

2. Overflow of water through the comb of structures of engineering protection of urban areas at the calibration of the calculated levels of water in accordance with SNiP II-50-74 * is not allowed. For urban areas and separately standing industrial enterprises, a plan for organizational and technical measures should be developed in case of a flood with a security equal to calibration.

* On the territory of the Russian Federation there are SNIP 2.06.01-86, hereinafter, on the text. - Note the database manufacturer.

2.7. Drainage standards (depth of lowering groundwater, counting from the project marking of the territory) When designing protection against flooding, they are accepted depending on the nature of the development of the protected area in accordance with Table 1.

Table 1

The rules of dedication of agricultural land are determined in accordance with SNiP II-52-74 *.

The rules of deduction of the development of mineral resources are determined based on the requirements.

Drainage standards on conjugate urban, agricultural and other territories used by various land users are determined taking into account the requirements of each land user.

2.8. Classes of protective structures from flooding should be prescribed depending on the exhausting norms and the estimated decrease in the level of groundwater in Table 2.

table 2

2.9. The maximum calculated levels of groundwater on protected areas should be taken according to the results of the forecast in accordance with paragraph 1.6. The calculated expenses of the adjustable flow of rainwater should be accessed by SNiP 2.04.03-85.

3. Requirements for the design of objects and structures
Engineering protection

Protection of territories from flooding

3.1. Protection of territories from flooding should be carried out:

the obfissions of the territories from the river, reservoir or another water object;

artificial increase in the relief of the territory to unlottered layout marks;

accumulation, regulation, removal of surface discharge and drainage waters with flooded, temporarily flooded, irrigated areas and low-impaired lands.

The composition of engineering protection against flooding can include: dumps, drainages, drainage and water supply networks, highland water supply channels, speeds and drops, pipelines and pumping stations.

Depending on the natural and hydrogeological conditions of the protected area, the engineering protection system may include several of the above facilities or individual structures.

3.2. The overall disbelival of the protected area throughout the reduced marks of its natural surface should be chosen on the basis of a technical and economic comparison of the options, taking into account the requirements of public-union and departmental regulatory documents and standards approved or agreed by the USSR State Building.

3.3. When the sleeves are protected, two types of obmissions should be applied: general and in areas.

The overall dilution of the territory is advisable to apply in the absence of watercourses in the absence of a protected territory or when there are stock them can be transferred to the reservoir or to the river along the rejected channel, pipeline or pumping station.

Obligas on sites should be used to protect the territories intersected by large rivers, the pumping of which is economically inappropriate, or to protect individual sections with different density of development.

3.4. When choosing embankment design options, it is necessary to consider:

topographic, engineering and geological, hydrogeological, hydrological, climatic conditions of the construction area;

economical designs of protective structures;

the possibility of passing water during the period of flood and summer floods;

the density of the development of the territory and the size of the zones of alienation requiring the deposit of buildings from the flooding zones;

the appropriateness of the use of local building materials, construction machines and mechanisms;

deadlines for the construction of structures;

environmental protection requirements;

convenience of operation;

the feasibility of utilization of drainage waters to improve water supply.

3.5. Exceeding the ridge of embassy dams over the estimated water level of water objects must be determined depending on the class of protective structures in accordance with paragraphs.2.4 and 2.6.

3.6. Engineering protection projects for the prevention of floodings caused by the creation of reservoirs, main channels, the drainage systems of land arrays, it is necessary to lift with the construction projects of the entire water complex.

Artificial increase in the surface of the territory

3.7. The surface of the territory is to rise:

to develop under construction of flooded, temporarily sleek and flooded territories;

for the use of land for agricultural production;

for the improvement of the coastal strip of reservoirs and other water bodies.

3.8. Options for artificially increase the surface of the territory must be chosen based on the analysis of the following characteristics of the protected area: soil and geological, zonal-climatic and anthropogenic; Functional planning, social, environmental and other plans for development areas.

3.9. The project of the vertical planning of the territory with the subtype of the soil should be developed taking into account the density of the territory of the territory, the degree of implementation of the previously provided planning works, classes of protected structures, changes in the hydrological regime of rivers and water bodies located on the protected area, taking into account the projected lifting of the level of groundwater.

3.10. For the estimated level of water in the design of an artificial increase in the surface of the territory from flooding, the level of water level in the river or reservoir should be taken in accordance with the requirements of paragraph 2.6.

3.11. When the territory is protected from flooding, the stamp of the coastal slope of the territory should be determined in accordance with the requirements of claim 2.5 and take at least 0.5 m above the estimated level of water in the water object, taking into account the calculated height of the wave and its ranks. The surface marks of the sweeping area in the protection against flooding are determined by the value of the drainage rate, taking into account the forecast of the level of groundwater.

Designing the coastal slope of the dumping area should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.06.05-84.

3.12. Surface runoff with protected area should be carried out in water bodies, watercourses. Ostragi, in citywide sewer or storm systems, taking into account the requirements of claims of PP.3.13-3.15 of these standards and "rules for the protection of surface water from pollution by wastewater."

3.13. In carrying out an artificial increase in the surface of the territory, it is necessary to provide conditions for natural drainage of groundwater. Through talwegs of falling asleep or washed ravines and beams should be laid drainage, and constant watercourses to enter into collectors with concomitant drains.

3.14. The need to drain the artificial subflowers is determined by the hydrogeological conditions of the adjacent territory and the filtration properties of the ground and submetrogen properties.

When setting up temporary watercourses, water bodies and places of groundwater unloading, it is necessary to provide a device at the base of the belling of the filtering layer or reservoir drainage.

3.15. When choosing the technology of work on an artificial increase in the surface of the territory by swelling the soil or naming, it is necessary to provide for the movement of the ground masses from the unlocked areas of the indigenous shore or the floodplain on the sleek. With a shortage of soils, useful excavations should be used in the deepening of the river beds for the purposes of shipping, clearing and improvement of old people, ducts and other reservoirs located on the protected area or near it.

Regulation and removal of surface water
With protected territory

3.16. Constructions for regulation and disposal of surface waters from urban areas and industrial sites should be developed in accordance with the requirements of engineering training areas SNIP II-60-75 **. Designing duckers, releases, ramp and livneops, septicles, averants, pumping stations and other structures should be made in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.04.03-85.

In the territories of industrial and civil development, it is necessary to provide for the rain sewage of the closed type. The use of open drainage devices (dwines, cuvettes, trays) is allowed in areas of 1-2-storey buildings, in the territories of parks and recreation areas with a device of bridges or pipes at intersections with streets, roads, drives and sidewalks - in accordance with the requirements of SNiP II- D.5-72 and SNiP II-39-76 *.

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* On the territory of the Russian Federation there are SNiP 32-01-95, hereinafter on the text

3.17. Strog cooperation and rushing structures and measures to prevent flooding and flooding agricultural areas adjacent to unregulated middle and small rivers, as well as to protect open and underground mining mining and individual health facilities such as transitions under roads, approaches to shipping facilities and T .d., should be applied depending on:

from the scale and time of flooding of the territory;

from natural factors - flooding and water erosion;

from man-made factors that enhance flooding and flooding of land in the area of \u200b\u200bprotected objects.

3.18. When adjusting and removing surface water with protected agricultural land, the requirements of these norms and SNiP II-52-74 should be performed.

Accounting for natural water erosion of soil cover should be made depending on the norm of precipitation, evaporation, surface bias, natural drainage, etc.

It should be provided:

in a humid zone - protection against flooding and flooding by storm and snowy waters by removing excess surface water, lowering the level of groundwater with high standing, drying the marshes and excessly moistened lands;

in weakly-raised and arid zones - protection against plane and linear water erosion by treating arable land across the slopes, landing (seeding of herbs) of slopes, planting wood-shrubs in the zones of opportification and forest belts on the borders of cropping sites, the creation of water-heading devices, deep bulk loosening.

3.19. Strog cooperation facilities on a protected area should ensure that surface runoff is removed into the hydrographic network or in the water reservation.

The interception and removal of surface waters should be used by the use of envelopes in combination with Nagorno channels.

Note. When protecting the territories of mineral deposits, the stock processing structures should be linked to the requirements.

3.20. Rusloregulating structures on watercourses located on protected areas should be calculated on the consumption of water in a flood at the estimated levels of water, ensuring the unexpectedness of the territory, the calculated waterproofing of the river bed and excluding the dramatic territories. In addition, these facilities should not disrupt water intake conditions in existing channels, change the solid flow of the stream, as well as the mode of skipping ice and shugs.

3.21. The protection of the territory from technogenic flooding with mineralized waters by means of absorbing wells and wells is allowed to be carried out in exceptional cases and, subject to the requirements and conditions of the Fundamentals of the undercompanies with the permission of the Ministry of Geology of the Union republics, in coordination with the Ministry of Health of the Federal Republics of the Federal Republics and the USSR government agencies.

Protection of the territory from flooding

3.22. The composition of protective structures in the flooded territories should be prescribed depending on the nature of the flooding (permanent, seasonal, episodic) and the magnitude of the damage caused by them. Protective facilities should be aimed at eliminating the main reasons for flooding in accordance with the requirements of claims 1.6-1.8.

3.23. When choosing drainage systems, the form and size of the territory requiring drainage, the nature of the groundwater movement, the geological structure, filtering properties, and the capacitive characteristics of aquifers, the range of waterproof layers, taking into account the power conditions and unloading of groundwater, are determined by the quantitative values \u200b\u200bof the components of the balance Groundwater, prepared a forecast for the rise of the level of groundwater and reduce it in the implementation of protective events.

Based on water-balanced, filtration, hydrodynamic and hydraulic calculations, as well as a technical and economic comparison of the options, the choice of the final system of drainage of territories should be selected. At the same time, the selected protective measures from the flooding should not lead to the built-in territories or in the area adjacent to them to the consequences specified in paragraphs.1.7, 1.8.

3.24. When calculating drainage systems, it is necessary to comply with the requirements of claims 1.5-1.8 and determine rational location and bulking, providing a regulatory decrease in groundwater on a protected area in accordance with the requirements of Section 2.

On the territories protected from flooding depending on the topographic and geological conditions, the nature and density of the development, the conditions of groundwater movement by the watershed to natural or artificial flow should be used by one-, two-, multine-cable, contour and combined drainage systems.

3.25. Interception of infiltration waters in the form of leaks from water-receiving ground and underground containers and structures (tanks, settling tanks, sludgeing, storage storage devices of external water supply networks, sewage systems, etc.) should be provided with contour drainage.

Preventing the propagation of infiltration waters outside the territories allocated for water supply facilities should be achieved by the device not only drainage systems, but also contiltration screens and curtains designed by SNIP 2.02.01-83.

Notes: 1. Protection against flooding underground structures (basements, underground transitions, tunnels, etc.) should be provided with protective waterproofing coatings or a device of filtering prisms, wall-insulated and reservoir drainage.

2. Protection of buildings and structures with special requirements for air humidity in underground and terrestrial premises (elevators, museums, book storage facilities, etc.) should be provided with a device for ventilation drainage, special insulating coatings of the underground part of structures, as well as conducting phytomeliolation measures to eliminate The consequences of moisture condensation in the basement.

3.26. During the reconstruction and strengthening of existing systems of protective structures from flooding, it is necessary to take into account the effect of drainage achieved by existing drainage devices.

Special Requirements for Engineering Protection
In the distribution zone of the easery soils

3.27. The distribution territories of the easery soils should be determined by schematic cards of the distribution, capacity and structure of the cryogenic thickness and climate zoning of the USSR territory for the construction of SNiP 2.01.01-82 *.

* On the territory of the Russian Federation there are SNiP 23-01-99. - Note database manufacturer.

3.28. The territories and national economic objects of the northern regions should be protected from the impact of cryogenic processes and phenomena developing in natural festivals under the influence of flooding and flooding.

3.29. When designing engineering protection structures, depending on their constructive and technological features, engineering and geocryological and climatic conditions, the possibilities of regulating the temperature state, take into account changes in the carrier properties of the grounds of the base.

3.30. Requirements for the design of damping dam in the distribution zone of the perplexed soils should be established depending on the temperature state of the anti-filter element, an anti-decorative device, a drainage system, and the like. and a class of protective structure, taking into account the requirements of SNiP II-18-76 *.

* On the territory of the Russian Federation there are SNiP 2.02.04-88. - Note database manufacturer.

Soil structures of engineering protection should be designed, taking into account the principles of using the easery soils:

from the frozen soil on the frozle base - I principle of use of the foundation;

from the thawed soil on the basis of the base - the II principle.

3.31. When designing engineering protection of residential territories, the choice of the development of settlements and cities should be taken into account, a violation of thermal insulation of the ground due to the elimination of natural vegetation and soil cover, reduce evaporation from the surface of the built-up areas and roads, raising snowlessness, a significant arrangement and fuel effects of thermal communications and engineering collectors networks, water supply and sewage, causing deformations of bases and foundations.

3.32. When designing engineering protection, the following basic requirements must be observed:

when placing the means of engineering protection on frozen grounds, especially if there are sinoldish soils and buried ice in them, prevent violations of vegetation cover; Vertical layout should be carried out only by subpoction. Do not allow a concentrated discharge of surface water into reduced places, leading to a violation of the natural hydrothermal regime of watercourse and groundwater mode;

in the zone of the division of melting and frozen soils, take into account the possibility of the development of cryogenic processes (deductible during freezing, thermal protection during thawing, the development of forehead with the formation of pressure waters with high pressures, etc.);

prevent disorders of waterproofing and thermal insulation of water-conductive systems, especially heat supply systems.

3.33. Engineering networks on protected areas of settlements and industrial sites should, as a rule, to combine in combined collectors and ensure their non-freelanceness, increased tightness, reliability and durability, as well as the ability to access them in emergency cases for repair.

3.34. Flexible, anti-phase and text-containing dams should be designed by a melt, frozen or combined type using the perplexed soils, possibly, if necessary in the body of the dam and on the lower slope, drainage systems or cooling devices.

3.35. The need and feasibility of protecting the banks of rivers and inland reservoirs (lakes, reservoirs) from temporary flooding and flooding in the zone of distribution of eternal soils should be justified taking into account the expected damage to the national economy and thermal-abrasive recycling of the shores.

3.36. The project of engineering protection of the territory from flooding and flooding should include:

warning dangerous blurring of the bed, shores, as well as sections of conjugation of protective structures with the unreasted shore caused by the constraint of watercourse by protective dams and coastal fortifications;

preservation around the leaving and meadow vegetation left on the protected area of \u200b\u200bthe reservoirs;

exercise on the protected area of \u200b\u200bthe complex of agrotechnical, lugo-wood-level and hydraulic measures to combat water erosion;

landscaping protected part of the territory of settlements, industrial facilities, ameliorative sites, etc.;

prevention of soil pollution, reservoirs, protected agricultural land and territories used under recreation, causative agents of infectious diseases, industrial production waste, petroleum products and pesticides;

preservation of natural conditions of animal migration within the boundaries of the protected area;

the preservation or creation of new spawns instead of lost as a result of the drainage of the floodplain lakes, old men and shallow reservoirs;

preventing the death and injury of fish at engineering protection facilities;

preservation on the protected territory of natural habitat of protected animals;

preservation on the protected area of \u200b\u200bthe water-maternity regime used by migratory waterfowl during migration.

3.38. When placing engineering protection and construction base structures, it is necessary to choose land, not suitable for agriculture, or agricultural land of low quality. For the construction of structures on the lands of the State Forest Foundation, not covered with forest areas or areas occupied by shrubs or low-value plantings.

There is no violation of natural complexes of reserves and natural systems that have a special scientific or cultural value, including within the limits of the security zones around the reserves.

3.39. When creating engineering protection facilities in agricultural lands and built-in areas, the processes of biogeochemical cycle that have a positive effect on the functioning of natural systems should not be disturbed.

3.40. Sanitary events need to be designed, taking into account the prospects for the development of settlements. It should not be allowed to form shallow water zones, as well as zones of temporary flooding and strong flooding near settlements.

The distance from the reservoirs to residential and public buildings should be established by the sanitary and epidemiological service bodies in each particular case.

3.42. In the device of protective structures, it is allowed to be used as building materials soil and waste production that do not pollute the environment.

Soil removal Below is not allowed to extend the damping facilities.

The slopes are not allowed, the development of quarries of local materials in the water protection zone of water bodies and watercourses.

3.43. In the presence of economic and drinking water sources on the protected areas, it is necessary to make a forecast for possible changes in water quality after the construction of protective structures for the development of water protection measures.

3.44. In projects for the construction of engineering protection facilities, it is necessary to provide for centralized water supply and sewage system of protected settlements, taking into account existing hygienic requirements.

3.45. Around the sources of economic and drinking destination, located on the protected area, it is necessary to create sanitary zones of protection that meet the requirements of the Regulations on the procedure for the design and exploitation of sanitary protection zones of water supply sources and water supply and drinking water pipes "N 2640-82 approved by the USSR Ministry of Health.

3.46. In places of intersection of engineering protection facilities (Nagorno channels, dumps, etc.), animal migration paths should be:

make structures abroad migration paths;

expanded excavation facilities are suspended and without fastening, providing unhindered passage of animals;

replacing the channels of channels with flow rates, dangerous for crossing animals to pipelines.

3.47. Recultivation and improvement of territories disturbed when creating engineering protection facilities should be developed taking into account the requirements of GOST 17.5.3.04-83 and GOST 17.5.3.05-84.

Recreational requirements

3.48. The use of protected sleek and flooded coastal territories of rivers and reservoirs for recreation should be considered on a par with other types of environmental management and the creation of water complexes on rivers.

In the implementation of engineering protection of the territory from flooding and flooding is not allowed to reduce the recreational potential of the protected area and the adjacent water area.

The reservoirs located on the protected area used for recreational purposes in combination with park green plantings should meet the requirements of the regulations for the protection of surface water from wastewater pollution and GOST 17.1.5.02-80. In the project of engineering protection, it is necessary to provide for the norm of the water exchange rate in accordance with hygienic requirements, in winter - sanitary tolerances.

3.49. Along the roads of the main channels, when the liquidation of wetlands and flooded areas are allowed to create recreational reservoirs near settlements in accordance with GOST 17.1.5.02-80.

4. Additional requirements
To materials of engineering surveys

4.1. As part of the additional requirements for engineering surveys, the conditions related to the flooding and flooding of coastal territories of existing and created reservoirs, as well as engineeringly developed and developed territories, should be taken into account.

4.2. Exquisition materials should provide an opportunity:

estimates of existing natural conditions on the protected area;

the forecast of changes in engineering and geological, hydrogeological and hydrological conditions on a protected area, taking into account technogenic factors, including:

opportunities for the development and distribution of dangerous geological processes;

estimates of the flooding of the territory;

estimates of the scale of the flooding of the territory;

the choice of methods of engineering protection of territories from flooding and flooding;

calculation of engineering protection structures;

estimates of the water balance of the territory, as well as the level, chemical and temperature regimes of surface and groundwater (based on regime observations on the stems, balance and experimental sites);

estimates of natural and artificial drainage of territories;

4.3. Materials of engineering surveys should reflect the danger of accompanying flooding and flooding of geological processes: landslides, recycling shores, karst, preserves of forest grounds, suffosia, etc.

Materials of engineering surveys need to complement the results of perennial observations on groundwater regimens and exogenous geological processes carried out by Miningo USSR, as well as hydrological and hydrogeological calculations.

4.4. The scale of graphic documents for design should be determined based on the design stage in Table 3.

Table 3.

Graphic materials on Table 3 must be complemented by the following data:

assessment of the current state of existing structures, roads, communications with reliable information on the detection of deformations in them;

assessing the national economic and environmental importance of the territory and the prospect of its use;

information on existing and previously implemented events and structures of engineering protection, their condition, necessity and the possibility of their development, reconstruction, etc.

4.5. In the preparation of working documentation and one-step projects of engineering protection of individual facilities (industrial enterprises, housing and communal structures, single buildings and structures of various purposes, etc.) It is necessary to take into account the requirements for engineering surveys, depending on the subsequent use of the protected area: industrial, urban and settlement construction, agricultural development of land, agricultural or linear construction, etc.

4.6. The composition of the research materials in the development of agricultural land protection projects for various design stages must comply with the requirements of the mandatory application 3.

4.7. When designing engineering protection structures in the northern construction and climatic zone, it is necessary to produce engineering and geocryal surveys and permanent shootings, perform calculations of thermal and mechanical interaction of structures with eternal basements, to draw up forecasts of changes in engineering and geocrytic (merzloid-primer) conditions as a result of development and development of territories .

5. Protective facilities

Dams of oblivion

5.1. To protect the territory of the flooding, two types of dipling dam are used - unpopular and flooded.

Unpriced dams should be applied to constant protection against the flooding of urban and industrial areas adjacent to reservoirs, rivers and other water bodies.

Flooded dams are allowed to be used for temporary protection against the flooding of agricultural land during the growing crops on them when maintaining NPUs in the reservoir, for the formation and stabilization of the river and coast of rivers, regulation and redistribution of water flows and surface drains.

5.2. Mineraising rivers as a means of engineering protection of the territory of flooding should include rugged romororegulating structures:

longitudinal dams located for the flow or at an angle to it and limiting the width of the river water flow;

determining dams are longitudinal, straight or curvilinear, providing a smooth approach of stream to the holes of the bridge, dam, water receiver and other hydraulic structures;

flooded dams, overlapping the bed from the shore to the shores, intended for complete or partial blockage of water flow through sleeves and ducts;

semi-regrudes - transverse fixed structures of the channel, ensuring the correction of the flow and the creation of shipping depths;

spurs (short unpriced semi-writers), installed at some angle for the flow, providing the protection of the shores from the erosion;

coastal and damping attachments that protect the shores from the erosion and destruction by the flow and waves;

through structures that are erected to regulate the channel and nanos by the redistribution of water costs in the width of the bed and create a slow (indisposed) flow rates from the coast.

5.3. With a significant length of dams along the watercourse or in the zone of the reservoir, the ridge mark should be reduced in the direction of flow, respectively, the longitudinal slope of the free surface of the water at the estimated level.

According to constructive features, soil dams of two types are used: a compressed and splashing profile.

5.4. The choice of type of enclosing dams should be made with regard to natural conditions: topographic, engineering and geological, hydrological, climatic, seismicity of the district, as well as the availability of local building materials, equipment, works of the work of the work, construction and conditions of operation, the prospects for the development of the area, environmental requirements PP.3.36-3.46.

When choosing a type of enclosing dam, it is necessary to use local building materials and soils from useful recesses and waste production if they are suitable for these purposes. The design of damping dams should be made in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.06.05-84.

Dams from soil materials on non-tight bases should be provided for deaf sections of the pressure edge. Concrete and reinforced concrete dams on non-tight bases should be provided only as water-based structures.

During the passage of the trace of the dam on a landslide or potentially landslide area, opposing opposite measures should be developed in accordance with the requirements of CH 519-79 *.

________________

* On the territory of the Russian Federation, the document does not work. Act. - Note database manufacturer.

5.5. Dambu \u200b\u200bshould be chosen taking into account the requirements of claims.

In case of temporary lateral supply, it is advisable to apply continuous tracing of dam along the water rival of water or watercourse. With permanent side infection, the fancy is usually performed on areas between the tributaries and includes the damping dams of the coast of the main watercourse and its tributaries.

When obscured by overflow dams, all protective structures should allow flooding during the field of flood.

When tracing dams to protect land for agricultural land, it is necessary to take into account the requirements of SNiP II-52-74.

The tracing of disubs in the urban art should be provided with regard to the use of protected territories for development in accordance with the requirements of SNiP II-60-75 **.

5.6. Excess of the maximum water level in the reservoir or watercourse above the settlement level should be taken:

for unpoplooking dams - depending on the class of structures in accordance with the requirements of SNiP II-50-74;

for overflow dams - on SNIP II-52-74.

5.7. When developing engineering protection projects, it should be used to use the crest of disubs to lay the automotive and railways. In this case, the width of the row on the ridge and the radius of curvature should be taken in accordance with the requirements of SNIP II-D.5-72 * and SNiP II-39-76.

________________

* On the territory of the Russian Federation there are SNiP 2.05.02-85. - Note database manufacturer.

In all other cases, the width of the ridge of the dam should be appointed minimal on the basis of the conditions for the production of works and operations.

5.8. The dam profile (melt or compressed) is selected taking into account the presence of local building materials, the production technology, the conditions of wind unrest at the top slope and the output of the filtration stream - on the lower one.

Note. Preferred are the damasted profile dams with a biological fastening of slopes.

5.9. Mattering devices of soil dams with concrete structures should provide:

a smooth approach of water to the water-pouring facilities on the side of the upper base and smooth spreading of the flow in the lower befell, which prevents the erosion of the body and the base of the dam and the bottom of the watercourse;

prevent filtering in contact with concrete facilities in the adjunct zone.

The mating devices of the I-III grades must be substantiated by laboratory hydraulic studies.

5.10. Calculations of pressure dams from soil materials should be performed in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.06.05-84.

Nagorn Channels

5.11. The hydraulic calculation of the Nagorno channels should determine the parameters of the cross section, in which the calculated water velocities should be less than the permissible erosion and more than those in which the channels are dried.

The values \u200b\u200bof roughness coefficients for channels must be accessed by SNIP II-52-74. In this case, the calculated hydrological characteristics should be determined by SNiP 2.01.14-83 *.

* On the territory of the Russian Federation operate. - Note database manufacturer.

5.12. The launch of the slopes of the Nagorn channels must be taken on the basis of data on the stability of the slopes of existing channels located in similar hydrogeological and geological conditions; In the absence of analogues, the imposition of slopes of channels with a recess depth over 5 m should be taken on the basis of geotechnical calculations.

5.13. The shape of the cross section of the Nagorn channels for skipping the calculated water consumption should be taken into account, taking into account the hydrological regime and the density of the development of the protected area.

The slopes of the channels without fastening the bottom and slopes should ensure passing the minimum water consumption at speeds of not more than 0.3-0.5 m / s. The greatest allowable longitudinal slopes of channels in the absence of clothes should be taken equal to 0.0005-0.005.

The minimum value of the radius of the channel curvature should be at least two-time width of the channel by cutting water at the estimated consumption. The maximum rotation radii for hydraulically unpropered channels is allowed to 25 m and hydraulically calculated from - 2 to 10 (where is the width of the channel by the water cut, M).

Allowable non-solid water velocities for channels with expenditures over 50 m / s should be taken on the basis of research and calculation

5.14. Nagorn channels depth to 5 m and water consumption up to 50 m / s, as well as duckers and aquedels should be designed in accordance with the requirements of SNiP II-52-74.

Pumping stations

5.15. The composition, layout and construction of the structures of the pumping station should be established depending on the amount of water pumping volume and the possibility of creating accumulating containers.

Types, class and power of pumping stations and their equipment must be installed according to:

settlement consumption, height of feeding and fluctuating water horizons;

type of energy source;

ensuring the optimal efficiency of the pumps.

5.16. The type and number of pumps are set by calculation depending on the type of pumping station, taking into account the magnitude of the calculated flow and water pressure and the amplitude of the oscillations of the horizons in the lower and upper bes.

The need to apply the backup unit should be justified by the project in accordance with the designations of the design of drainage pumping stations SNIP II-52-74.

5.17. The water intake and pumping station can be performed by a combined or separate type.

Water intake structures should provide:

water fence in accordance with the water supply schedule and the consideration of water levels in the water source;

normal mode of operation and the ability to repair equipment;

protection from fishing in them.

5.18. Water supply of pumping stations must ensure a calm outlet of water into water bodies and exclude the possibility of water reverse current.

Drainage systems and drains

5.19. When designing drainage systems to prevent or eliminate the flooding of territories, the requirements of these standards should be implemented, as well as SNiP II-52-74.

5.20. When designing drainage systems, preference should be given to drainage systems with water tap. Drainage systems with forced water pumping require additional substantiation.

Depending on the hydrogeological conditions, horizontal, vertical and combined drainages should be applied.

5.21. The drainage system should provide the level of groundwater regime required under the conditions of protection: in the territories of settlements - in accordance with the requirements of these norms, and in agricultural land - in accordance with the requirements of SNiP II-52-74.

5.22. The use of the drainage system should be justified with the study of aqueous, and for an arid zone - and salt balance of groundwater.

In case of one-step design, it is necessary to calculate and analyze the causes and consequences of the flooding specified in paragraph 1.6. With double-stage design, based on the data from the geological and hydrogeological surveys and the results of studies obtained at the first stage, taking into account the nature of the development and the prospects for the development of the protected area, it should be determined to determine the location of the drainage network in terms of the depth of the embezzlement and the conjugation of individual drainage lines among themselves.

Hydrogeological calculations for chosen drainage schemes should be installed:

the optimal position of shore, head and other drains in relation to the dam or the boundaries of the foundations from the condition of the minimum values \u200b\u200bof their flows;

the required depth of the investment of the drain and the distance between them, the consumption of drainage waters, including subject to pumping;

the position of the depression curve on a protected area.

5.23. The performance of the horizontal drainage of an open trench and a trenchless way is determined by economic feasibility. In the case of an open horizontal drainage device at a depth of 4 m from the surface of the Earth, the depth of the primer of soils should be taken into account, as well as the possibility of their overgrowth.

5.24. In all cases, the use of vertical drainage, its water-receiving part should be arranged in soils with high water permeability.

5.25. Open drainage channels and trenches should be arranged in cases where there is a drainage of significant areas with one-time, two-storey buildings of a small density. Their use is also possible to protect against flooding ground transport communications.

The calculation of the open (trench) horizontal drainage should be made, taking into account the alignment of it with a Nagorno channel or a collector of the drainage system. In this case, trench drainage profile should be selected according to the calculated flow rate of the surface drain of water during the self-teenage of the territory.

To mount the slopes of open drainage datals and trenches, it is necessary to use concrete or reinforced concrete plates or stone sketch. In the fortified slopes, drainage holes should be provided.

In closed drainage, sand-gravel mixture, clay, slag, polymer and other materials should be used as a filter and filter sprinkle.

Drainage waters should be discharged on trenches or channels of self-seed. The device of waterborne tanks with pumping stations is suitable in cases where the relief of the protected area has lower marks than the water level in the nearest water object where the surface drain should be given to the protected area.

5.26. As drainage pipes should be used: ceramic, asbestos-cement, concrete, reinforced concrete or polyvinyl chloride pipes, as well as pipe filters from porous concrete or porous polymer concrete.

Concrete, reinforced concrete, asbestos-cement pipes, as well as pipe filters from porous concrete should be used only in non-aggressive soil and water in relation to concrete.

Under the conditions of strength, the following maximum depth of pipes with filter sprinkle and backfilling of trenches of the soil, M:

The limit depth of the embedding drainage from pipe filters should be determined by the destructive load in accordance with the requirements of the WGN 13-77 "Drainage pipes from a large filtration filter concrete on dense aggregates" approved by the USSR Ministry of Energy and coordinated with the USSR State Building.

5.27. The number and size of the hydrogenated holes on the surface of asbestos-cement, concrete and reinforced concrete pipes should be determined depending on the waterproof ability of the holes and the flow rate of the drainage determined by the calculation.

Around the drainage tubes it is necessary to provide filters in the form of sand-gravel springs or wrappers from artificial fibrous materials. The thickness and granulometric composition of sand and gravel should be selected by the calculation in accordance with the requirements.

5.28. The release of drainage waters in the water object (river, canal, lake) should be placed in terms of a sharp angle to the flow of flow flow, and its mouth view is provided with a concrete headband or to strengthen the stone masonry or outline.

Resetting drainage waters in storm sewers is allowed if the bandwidth of the storm sewage is determined taking into account the additional costs of water coming from the drainage system. At the same time, the preference of the drainage system is not allowed.

Drainage viewing wells should be arranged at least in 50 m in rectilinear areas of drainage, as well as in places of turns, intersections and changes in the slopes of drainage pipes. Weighting wells are allowed to apply the prefabs from reinforced concrete rings with a sump (at least 0.5 m depths) and concreted bottoms according to GOST 8020-80 *. Wearing wells on ameliorative drainage should be taken on SNIP II-52-74.

________________

* On the territory of the Russian Federation acts. - Note the database manufacturer. "

5.29. Drainage galleries should be applied in cases where the required decrease in groundwater levels cannot be provided with horizontal tubular drains.

The shape and cross-sectional area of \u200b\u200bthe drainage galleries, as well as the degree of perforation of its walls, should be established depending on the required drainage water intake.

The filters of the drainage gallery must be performed in accordance with the requirements of P.5.27.

5.30. Plumbing wells equipped with pumps should be applied in cases where the decrease in groundwater level can only be achieved with water pumping.

If a drainage water well cuts through several aquifers, then, if necessary, filters should be provided within each of them.

5.31. Self-activated wells should be used to remove overpressure in pressure aquifers.

The design of self-looped wells is similar to the design of water sound wells.

5.32. Water-absorbing wells and end-to-end filters should be arranged in cases where the underlying soils of high water permeability with non-pressure groundwater are located below the waterproof.

5.33. Combined drainages should be applied in the case of a two-layer aquifer with a low-dimensional upper layer and an excess pressure in the lower or with the side influx of groundwater. The horizontal drain should be laid in the upper, and self-looped wells - in the lower layer.

Horizontal and vertical drains need to be placed in terms of at least 3 m from each other and connect with nozzles. In the case of drainage galleries, the wells should be displayed in niches suitable in galleries.

5.34. Radi drainage should be used for a deep decrease in the level of groundwater under the conditions of tight construction of the heated territory.

5.35. Vacuum drying systems must be used in soils with low filtration properties in case of drainage of objects with increased requirements for underground and terrestrial premises.

6. Calculations to justify the reliability of system operation,
Objects and structures of engineering protection

6.1. Projects of engineering protection of settlements, industrial sites, agricultural land and newly developed territories for development and agricultural production, except for calculations that substantiate reliability of structures should contain calculations:

water balance of protected territory for the current state;

water regime in the conditions of the subjunction of the newly created reservoirs or channels, as well as engineering protection that prevents groundwater support;

prediction of the hydrogeological regime, taking into account the influence of all sources of flooding;

transformation of soils and vegetation under the influence of changing hydrological and hydrogeological conditions caused by the creation of water bodies and engineering protection structures.

6.2. When designing engineering protection of the territory in the zone of saline soil, it is necessary to calculate the salt regime.

6.3. For the territories of agricultural use with the objects of engineering protection I-III classes, it is necessary to perform calculations to increase the soil fertility with balance sheet and analytical methods and methods of analog modeling.

6.4. When placed on the protected areas of dry-moisturizing, drying and irrigation and irrigation complexes, it should be calculated on the use of groundwater for irrigation.

6.5. The reliability of engineering protection facilities in the zone of eternal soils should be substantiated by the results of the thermophysical and thermomechanical calculations of the structures and their grounds.

7. Requirements for the installation of the control and measuring
Equipment (KIA) in engineering protection facilities

7.1. For engineering protection systems I and II classes in complex hydrogeological and climatic conditions, except KIA, for operational observations, it should include KIA for special research work on the study of the change in the parameters of the filtration stream, changes in the water-salt regime of the soil modes in time depending on irrigation, drainage, the actions of storm flows, lifting the level of groundwater in the zone of flooding, etc.

7.2. The project of engineering protection structures should include the installation of KIA for visual and instrumental observations over the state of hydraulic structures, displacement of their elements and bases, behind the oscillation of the level of groundwater, the parameters of the filtration flow, soil salinization.

The duration of observations depends on the time to stabilize the hydrogeological conditions, the precipitate of the bases of hydraulic structures and the service life of the constructed structures.

In the territories protected from flooding, it is necessary to provide a piezometric network for observations of the state of groundwater and the efficiency of drainage systems in general and individual drainage.

7.3. To the construction structures of engineering protection under the conditions of the northern construction and climatic zone, it is necessary to present the following additional requirements:

in designing engineering protection structures of I-III classes, it includes the installation of control and measuring equipment for monitoring the deformations, filtering and temperature modes in the body of structures and their grounds;

the composition and volume of field observations are established in accordance with the appointment, class, type and construction of engineering protection structures, adopted by the construction principle and, taking into account engineering and geocryological characteristics.

The designs of control and measuring equipment and the scheme of its placement should ensure normal operation in the conditions of the Far North.

Economic Justification
Engineering protection on reservoirs

1. The economic feasibility of engineering protection is recommended to determine according to the method of comparative efficiency. An indicator of the comparative effectiveness of capital investments is the value of the costs.

From among those compared, the option with minimal costs is selected.

2. The costs for the simultaneous protection of agricultural land, settlements, industrial and other enterprises are recommended to be determined by the formula

Where is the normative efficiency coefficient taken in the amount of 0.12;

Investments in the construction of structures of engineering protection of flooded land, settlements, industrial and other enterprises;

Annual costs of construction of engineering protection structures sleek, settlements, industrial and other enterprises.

3. The presented costs alternatively will be:

where - investments on an alternative embodiment on agriculture;

Investments on the advance construction of the listed industrial and civilian structures in a new place instead of their protection;

Residual book value of buildings and structures of industrial enterprises, settlements, iron and highways located in the flooding zone by the time of construction of engineering protection;

Amounts of sales of residual funds;

Annual costs of an alternative embodiment on agriculture;

Annual costs in the work of listed structures in a new place instead of their protection.

It is recommended to determine the amount on the basis of counting the cost of mastering new lands for the intensification of agricultural production using areas outside the flooding zone to obtain the same amount of agricultural products as the grounds are heated with their intensive use.

The value is determined by a direct account if the Earth is known in advance to be mastered instead of sleek. Otherwise, it is recommended to determine the values \u200b\u200bof specific investments in land reclamation regulations approved by the USSR Ministry of Railway, or on land development regulations instead of the unauthorized needs, approved by the Councils of Ministers of the Allied Republics.

The value characterizes the annual costs for the maintenance of landlocative systems that will be built as compensation for sleek land. If, in return for the imported lands, recultivated or aluminated land will be introduced, then the value is recommended to determine the magnitude of the annual additional costs necessary to bring the production of crops on newly mastered lands to the planned uro

4. Implementation of large engineering protection facilities, especially the advance preparation of relevant alternative options, a number of years can be conducted. In this case, the calculations of economic efficiency should take into account the time factor. At the same time, the costs of different years are recommended to bring to any single base year.

5. It should be borne in mind that in some cases engineering protection is almost the only possible event that ensures the preservation of the territory or objects (especially valuable agricultural land or unique objects that are almost impossible to restore in a new place, etc.). In this case, the economic efficiency of engineering protection is recommended to justify the method of general (absolute) efficiency of capital investments.

6. Technical and economic calculations to identify the optimal version of engineering protection in various conditions of the country's natural zones should be carried out with regard to:

environmental changes;

changes in soil, vegetable cover and animal world;

economic assessment of changes in environmental conditions and resources of adjacent territories;

consequences of the effect of the reservoir;

compensation measures aimed at restoring natural systems.

7. Changes in natural conditions of adjacent territories need to be identified with regard to natural, environmental, technological and economic assessments.

Natural estimate should include a comparison of established (environmental, climatic, hydrological, botanical, soil and other) changes with constant or temporal variability of the same indicators.

Environmental assessment should be carried out by comparing changes in some indicators (wind velocities, soil moisture, atmospheric precipitation, etc.) with other (biological and economic productivity of meadow and forest vegetation, the passage of phenological phases).

Technological assessment should include consideration of the same changes from the standpoint of modern and promising requirements of various industries of farms, industries and activities of human activities (rural, fish, forest and hunting, recreation, etc.).

Economic assessment should include damage to reduction (or effect from increasing) biological productivity of agricultural land, meadows and forests in the adjacent territory.

8. The most rational scheme of engineering protection of coastal territories When creating reservoirs of energy purposes should be chosen, based on the need to cover the lips of land users and losses of agricultural production, which are determined when taking into account all types and scope of the effects of reservoirs for coastal territories.

With the substantiation of the optimal reorganization of agriculture in the context of creating reservoirs and the effectiveness of various options formedized activities, it is necessary to consider as the first priority of the following types of work:

occulturing and an increase in soil fertility on newly mastered lands;

the development of land of non-agricultural purposes engaged in shrubs, cutting, swamps and other non-agricultural land, taking into account work on drainage and irrigation, as well as cultural activities;

the use of flooded lands, shallowodies, temporarily flooded and dehydrated lands of the lower befeas;

organization of new farms.

9. In assessing the economic efficiency of engineering protection, fertiliar performance indicators of decisions of national economic tasks are taken into account, indicators of economic development after the implementation of engineering protection measures and indicators of possible damage without protective events.

When establishing the economic efficiency of engineering protection of coastal territories, when creating reservoirs, it is necessary to consider:

positive and negative impacts of the activities carried out on the natural environment;

economic and social interests of water users and water users who are expressed in the effect or to the damage of all interested and affected industries or individual water users, participants of the water complex (VKC);

system of interrelated technical solutions, structures, devices and activities that ensure the effect of elements of the IKK;

the distribution of the area of \u200b\u200bthe coastal zone and the water area of \u200b\u200breservoirs between water consumption and water users, taking into account their interests and the possibility of the most efficient use of water-land resources;

the ability to reduce the recreational potential of protected area and water area. In the necessary cases, compensation measures should be provided.

Note. When considering the effect of protection in the composition of the total effect of the reservoir activities in general, it is necessary to perform calculations that determine the maximum increment of the effect of the events carried out.

The effectiveness of protective structures should be commensurate with a similar indicator of the entire water complex.

10. When calculating damage from flooding and flooding, it is necessary to consider:

seizure of land agricultural production;

land quality deterioration in connection with the increase in the duration of flooding, flooding, shift of the timing or winter flooding of land;

changes in the productivity of agricultural land and the structures of crops, fruit-berry plantations, grass in hay and pastures and transformation of land;

economic development of regulated floodplain territory in perspective. At the same time, the additional costs of reconstruction of the existing land reclamation system should be applied to compensatory costs caused by the creation of a new object.

When protecting the sleek and heated agricultural land when creating an energy supply reservoir to the project, except engineering structures, structures should be included in the ameliorative development of the territory, the need for which is determined by the technological requirements for the cultivation of stable and high yields.

11. When using shallow cats without obmissal for agricultural, recreational and other purposes, it is necessary to determine the costs of performing sanitary activities, the elimination of fearing, the timely cleaning of vegetation, protection against pollution, as well as to improve comfort, territorial and transport development of recreation zones.

12. When using flooded lands without protecting activities, it is necessary to determine the operating costs of subbels of vegetation, the preservation of natural fertility and the creation of conditions for agricultural use.

13. Indicators of the economic development of the territory after engaging engineering protection activities should be considered:

increasing time the effectiveness of protected land due to the increase in the resource-statement of the most valuable lands;

the possibility of increasing resource statements due to the regulation of water drain on the protected area;

obtaining additional agricultural products from unlocked lands as a result of regulating the drain of the water of agricultural and floodplain lands;

restoration of environmental conditions that make it possible to fill damage caused by nature flooding and flooding.

Appendix 2.
Mandatory

Protective waterfront classes

Name and characteristics of territories	Maximum estimated water pressure on the waterfront structure, m, for classes of protective structures

Selitebny
The density of the residential fund of the area of \u200b\u200bthe residential area, M per 1 hectare:

from 2100 to 2500


Health and recreational and sanitary-protecting destination
Industrial
Industrial enterprises with annual production, million rubles:

from 100 to 500

Municipal-warehouse
Municipal and warehouse enterprises of the city
Other utility and warehouse enterprises
Monuments of Culture and Nature
* With the appropriate substantiation, protective structures are allowed to attribute to I class if the failure may cause a catastrophic consequences for protected major cities and industrial enterprises.

Appendix 3.
Mandatory

Composition of exquisition materials
For various stages of design
Agricultural land protection

Exploration materials	Scale of graphic applications
			work project, working documentation

1. Hydrogeological	1:500000-1:200000	1:100000-1:50000
2. Hydrogeola-ameliorative zoning	1:500000-1:200000	1:100000-1:50000
3. Engineering and geological zoning	1:500000-1:200000	1:100000-1:50000
4. Engineering-geological
5. Underground operational resources
6. Geologithiological complexes
7. Watercoggps and depths of groundwater	1:500000-1:200000	1:100000-1:50000
8. Zoning on filtration schemes	1:500000-1:200000	1:100000-1:50000
9. Forecast groundwater operations	1:500000-1:200000	1:100000-1:50000
10. Building materials deposits	1:500000-1:200000
11. Agricultural Decoration Schemes	1:500000-1:200000
12. Soil	1:200000-1:100000
13. Soil-ameliorative
14. Salzing
15. Topographic	1:500000-1:100000
Other materials
16. Sections Engineering and geological and hydrogeological *		According to the report
17. Pasivation of the breeds of aeration zone
18. Graphs of oscillations of groundwater levels
19. Engineering and geological and hydrogeological materials
20. Studies of saline soils on experienced sites (monoliths) typical of the soil massif
21. Studies of water-physical properties of soil
22. Materials of soil-aceliorative surveys
23. Climatic characteristics of the area of \u200b\u200bprotected land		By project
24. Hydrological characteristics of rivers and reservoirs on a protected area
* The scale of the cuts should be coordinated with the scale of cards that meet the appropriate design stages.

Appendix 4.
Reference

Terms used in real SNiP

Engineering defense - A complex of engineering structures, engineering and technical, economic and socio-legal measures to protect the objects of national economy and territory from flooding and flooding, processes and landslide processes.

Engineering protection systems from flooding and flooding - hydraulic structures of various purposes, combined into a single territorial system, providing engineering protection of the territory from flooding and flooding.

Objects of engineering protection - Separate facilities of engineering protection of the territory providing protection for national economic objects, settlements, agricultural land and natural landscapes from flooding and flooding.

Flooding - increasing the level of groundwater and hydration of the soils of the aeration zone, leading to a violation of economic activities in a given territory, a change in the physical and physicochemical properties of groundwater, the transformation of soils, species composition, structure and productivity of plant cover, animal habitats transformation.

Flooding - the formation of a free surface of water in the area of \u200b\u200bthe territory as a result of an increase in the level of watercourse, water and groundwater.

Technogenic flooding and flooding - flooding and flooding of the territory caused by construction and production activities.

Underground - area over aquifer, in which an increase in the free surface of groundwater occurs in the case of their subjoiler, for example, a reservoir, river, etc.

Separation zone - The territory subjected to flooding as a result of the construction of reservoirs, other water bodies and development or as a result of the impact of any other national economic activity.

Silent, moderate and weak flooding - Humidated natural areas divided into:

the subband of strong flooding with the occurrence of groundwater level approaching the surface and accompanied by the inching and salinization process of the top horizons of the soil;

the subband of moderate flooding with the occurrence of groundwater levels ranging from 0.3-0.7 to 1.2-2.0 m from the surface with the cooler and salinization of the average soil horizons;

the subband of weak flooding with groundwater occurs in the range from 1.2-2.0 to 2.0-3.0 m in humid and up to 5.0 m - in the arid zone with the processes of flipping and salinization of the lower horizons of the soil.

The degree of atmospheric humidification of the territory (the coefficient of underground flow) - The proportion of atmospheric precipitation absorbed by the soil and feeding the groundwater of this area or territory.

Natural systems - a spatially bounded set of functionally interrelated living organisms and their surrounding medium characterized by certain patterns of energy state, exchange and cycle of substances.

Hydrographic network - A combination of rivers and other constantly and temporarily active watercourses, as well as reservoirs on any territory.

The text of the document is drilled by:
Official edition

/ Gosstroy Russia. - M.: GUP CPP, 2001

Appendix 1 (recommended). Technical and economic substantiation of engineering protection on reservoirs Appendix 2 (mandatory). Classes of protective waterfront structures Appendix 3 (mandatory). The composition of the materials of the research for various stages of design engineering protection of agricultural land Appendix 4 (Reference). Terms used in real SNiP

Construction standards and rules SNiP 2.06.15-85
"Engineering protection of the territory from flooding and flooding"
(approved. Resolution of the USSR State Building of September 19, 1985 N 154)

1. General Provisions

1.16. The comprehensive territorial system of engineering protection against flooding and flooding should include several different means of engineering protection in cases:

the presence on the protected territory of industrial or civil facilities, the protection of which is impossible to carry out individual means of engineering protection and is ineffective;

complex morphometric, topographic, hydrogeological and other conditions that exclude the use of a particular object of engineering protection.

The substantiation of engineering protection structures in the design of water management facilities of republican, regional, regional and local importance, as well as engineering protection structures of the III and IV classes, should be carried out on the basis of "regulatory costs of developing new lands instead of rendered for non-agricultural needs" approved by the Councils of Ministers of the Federal Republics.

2. Classes of engineering protection structures

2.1. Classes of engineering protection structures are appointed, as a rule, not lower than classes of protected objects depending on national economic significance.

If the technical and economic rationale is established by the inexpediency of local protection, the class of engineering protection of the territory should be raised by one.

2.3. Classes of protective structures of a non-speciable type (RUBLORGULATING and STOCEGULATING, DRAINING SYSTEMS, etc.) should be appointed in accordance with the "rules of accounting for the degree of responsibility of buildings, structures in the design of structures" approved by the USSR State Building.

The design conditions for design are accepted by SNIP II-50-74 in accordance with the adopted class.

It should take into account the possibility of increasing water levels due to the constituent structures with protective structures.

Notes:

1. The likelihood of exceeding the estimated water level for conditions I classes, protecting agricultural areas with an area of \u200b\u200bmore than 100 thousand hectares, is taken equal to 0.5%; For facilities of the IV class, protecting the territory of health and recreational and sanitary protection, - 10%.

2. Overflow of water through the comb of engineering protection structures of urban areas in the calibration of the estimated water levels in accordance with SNIP II-50-74 is not allowed. For urban areas and separately standing industrial enterprises, a plan for organizational and technical measures should be developed in case of a flood with a security equal to calibration.

2.7. Drainage standards (depth of lowering groundwater, considering the territory of the territory) When designing protection against flooding, depending on the nature of the construction of a protected territory in accordance with Table. one.

Table 1

The norms of dedication of agricultural land are determined in accordance with SNiP II-52-74.

The exhausting norms of the development of mineral resources are determined taking into account the requirements of SNiP 2.06.14-85.

Drainage standards on conjugate urban, agricultural and other territories used by various land users are determined taking into account the requirements of each land user.

2.8. Classes of protective structures from flooding should be prescribed depending on the exhausting norms and the estimated decrease in the level of groundwater in the table. 2.

table 2

3. Requirements for the design of objects and structures of engineering protection

Protection of territories from flooding

Artificial increase in the surface of the territory

3.7. The surface of the territory is to rise:

to develop under construction of flooded, temporarily sleek and flooded territories;

for the use of land for agricultural production;

for the improvement of the coastal strip of reservoirs and other water bodies.

3.11. When protecting the territory from flooding by a subfolder The marking of the coastal slope of the territory should be determined in accordance with the requirements of paragraph 2.5 and take at least 0.5 m above the estimated level of water in the water object, taking into account the calculated height of the wave and its ranks. The surface marks of the sweeping area in the protection against flooding are determined by the value of the drainage rate, taking into account the forecast of the level of groundwater.

Designing the coastal slope of the dumping area should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.06.05-84.

3.12. Distribution of surface runoff with protected area should be carried out in water bodies, watercourses, ravines, in citywide sewer or storm systems, taking into account the requirements of PP. 3.13-3.15 These norms and "rules for protecting surface water from pollution by wastewater."

3.14. The need to drain the artificial subflowers is determined by the hydrogeological conditions of the adjacent territory and the filtration properties of the ground and submetrogen properties.

When setting up temporary watercourses, water bodies and unloading groundwater, it is necessary to provide a device at the base of the bellows of the filter layer or reservoir drainage.

Regulation and removal of surface water with protected territory

from the scale and time of flooding of the territory;

from natural factors - flooding and water erosion;

from man-made factors that enhance flooding and flooding of land in the area of \u200b\u200bprotected objects.

3.18. When adjusting and removing surface water with protected agricultural land, the requirements of these norms and SNiP II-52-74 should be performed.

Accounting for natural water erosion of soil cover should be made depending on the norm of precipitation, evaporation, surface bias, natural drainage, etc.

It should be provided:

3.19. Strog cooperation facilities on a protected area should ensure that surface runoff is removed into the hydrographic network or in the water reservation.

The interception and removal of surface waters should be used by the use of envelopes in combination with Nagorno channels.

Note.

When protecting the territories of mineral deposits, the stock processing structures should be linked to SNiP requirements 2.06.14-85.

3.20. Rusloregulating structures on watercourses located on protected areas should be calculated on the consumption of water in a flood at the estimated levels of water, ensuring the unexpectedness of the territory, the calculated waterproofing of the river bed and excluding the dramatic territories. In addition, these facilities should not disrupt water intake conditions into existing channels, change the solid flow of the flow, as well as the mode of skipping ice and shchugi.

Protection of the territory from flooding

3.22. The composition of protective structures in the flooded territories should be prescribed depending on the nature of the flooding (permanent, seasonal, episodic) and the magnitude of the damage caused by them. Protective facilities should be aimed at eliminating the main causes of flooding in accordance with the requirements of PP. 1.6-1.8.

Based on water-balanced, filtration, hydrodynamic and hydraulic calculations, as well as a technical and economic comparison of the options, the choice of the final system of drainage of territories should be selected. At the same time, the selected protective measures from flooding should not lead to the built-in territories or in the area adjacent to them to the consequences specified in paragraphs. 1.7, 1.8.

3.24. When calculating drainage systems, it is necessary to follow the requirements of PP. 1.5-1.8 and determine the rational location and rehabilitation, ensuring the regulatory decrease in groundwater on the protected area in accordance with the requirements of Section. 2.

Notes:

1. Protection against flooding underground structures (basements, underground transitions, tunnels, etc.) should be provided with protective waterproofing coatings or a device of filtering prisms, wall-insulated and reservoir drainage.

Special Requirements for Engineering Protection in the distribution zone of easery soils

3.27. The distribution territories of the perplexed soils should be determined by schematic cards of the distribution, capacity and structure of the cryogenic thickness and climate zoning of the territory of the USSR for the construction of SNiP 2.01.01-82.

3.30. Requirements for the design of damping dam in the distribution zone of the perplexed soils should be established depending on the temperature state of the anti-filter element, an anti-decorative device, a drainage system, and the like. and a class of protective structures, taking into account the requirements of SNiP II-18-76.

Soil structures of engineering protection should be designed, taking into account the principles of using the easery soils:

from the frozen soil on the frozle base - I principle of use of the foundation;

from the thawed soil on the basis of the base - the II principle.

3.32. When designing engineering protection, the following basic requirements must be observed:

prevent disorders of waterproofing and thermal insulation of water-conductive systems, especially heat supply systems.

3.36. The project of engineering protection of the territory from flooding and flooding should include:

preservation around the leaving and meadow vegetation left on the protected area of \u200b\u200bthe reservoirs;

implementation on the protected area of \u200b\u200bthe complex of agrotechnical, meadolesomeological and hydraulic measures to combat water erosion;

landscaping protected part of the territory of settlements, industrial facilities, ameliorative sites, etc.;

preservation of natural conditions of animal migration within the boundaries of the protected area;

the preservation or creation of new spawns instead of lost as a result of the drainage of the floodplain lakes, old men and shallow reservoirs;

preventing the death and injury of fish at engineering protection facilities;

preservation on the protected territory of natural habitat of protected animals;

preservation on the protected area of \u200b\u200bthe water-maternity regime used by migratory waterfowl during migration.

3.38. When placing engineering protection and construction base structures, it is necessary to choose land, unsuitable for agriculture, or low-quality agricultural land. For the construction of structures on the lands of the State Forest Foundation, it is necessary to choose uncoated area or areas occupied by shrubs or low-value plantings.

There is no violation of natural complexes of reserves and natural systems that have a special scientific or cultural value, including within the limits of the security zones around the reserves.

The distance from the reservoirs to residential and public buildings should be established by the sanitary and epidemiological service bodies in each particular case.

3.42. In the device of protective structures, it is allowed to be used as building materials soil and waste production that do not pollute the environment.

Soil removal Below is not allowed to extend the damping facilities.

The slopes are not allowed, the development of quarries of local materials in the water protection zone of water bodies and watercourses.

3.46. In places of intersection of engineering protection facilities (Nagorno channels, dumps, etc.), animal migration paths should be:

make structures abroad migration paths;

expanded excavation facilities are suspended and without fastening, providing unhindered passage of animals;

replacing the channels of channels with flow rates, dangerous for crossing animals to pipelines.

Recreational requirements

In the implementation of engineering protection of the territory from flooding and flooding is not allowed to reduce the recreational potential of the protected area and the adjacent water area.

3.49. Along the roads of the main channels, when the liquidation of wetlands and flooded areas are allowed to create recreational reservoirs near settlements in accordance with GOST 17.1.5.02-80.

4. Additional Requirements for Engineering Exquisites

4.2. Exquisition materials should provide an opportunity:

estimates of existing natural conditions on the protected area;

the forecast of changes in engineering and geological, hydrogeological and hydrological conditions on a protected area, taking into account technogenic factors, including:

opportunities for the development and distribution of dangerous geological processes;

estimates of the flooding of the territory;

estimates of the scale of the flooding of the territory;

the choice of methods of engineering protection of territories from flooding and flooding;

calculation of engineering protection structures;

estimates of natural and artificial drainage of territories;

4.4. The scale of graphic documents for design should be determined based on the design stage in the table. 3.