Dancing (circling) dervish. Who are such a dervish? Such different dervishi

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The dance of the dervish is famous for the whole world. Circling dervish - meditation. It is believed during the execution of the Spirit is freed from the flesh and rushes to God. Even just watching an exciting spectacle, feel the unearthly aura of what is happening and meditating. Observation soothes a person, helps to donate from problems and worries, makes cleaner and stronger. Dervishi can live suddenly or wander around the world. Wandering Dervish finds temporary asylum in "Teki" - the abode for rest and prayers.

Who is dervish?

Back in the XIII century, in Persia, the famous poet and the sage Rumi founded the monastic order, uniting the wandering dervoles and their ideology in the religious course. The essence of the flow is in acquiring special spiritual experience. Dervish - the similarity of the Islamic monk, the beggar tramp, rejected from the benefits of civilization and obliged to comply with certain laws. He should not have any property, he personally belongs to him. Although Sufism (Dervysh Religion) and allows such a person to lead a settling lifestyle and get a family, he is obliged to give the guest in his house everything wishes. A member of the Order could not ask alms, had to take care himself for feeding.

For a brief rest and restoration of the forces of the tramps stop in the "Teki". Teki - their temporary shelter with their own characteristics and laws. Many live in the teach on a permanent basis, from time to time to go to Walk and then returning to the monastery again.

The essence of the religious belief of the dervish

Supporters of this lifestyle throughout the world unites. Its essence lies in the liberation of the soul and connection with God without tears and sorrow. Spiritual perfection is achieved by prayers, silent contemplation, singing and. The resulting ecstasy allows much better to comprehend the essence of the exercise. In addition to religious dances, members of Muslim Sufi fraternities have been taught for many centuries with fairy tales, fables and other teaching stories. Fairy tales, in addition to the training ground, are written in excellent language and are distinguished by a beautiful composite style, wit and artistic value.

The meaning of the word dervish - beggar, emphasizes the meaning of the sufism, its true meaning. It lies in asceticism, content of small and voluntary poverty. And the wandering, and the followers of the religion of the dervish, who live in one place are obliged to make special prayers accompanied by music and dancing every day.

Variety of Derviche (Dervish Order)

Dervishi are combined into communities. Each Order claims its own charters and its own spiritual hierarchy. On the device of the Order is independent and divided into communities. They are only from men. Some members of the communities have their own home and family, and many are wandering. At the chapter - the descendant of the first caliphs, enjoying tremendous respect and possessing unlimited authorities in the community. Sheikh is a religious mentor of all members of society. Pupils wishing to join the Order, called Murida. They were presented to great demands: to be devout, have a good reputation, common sense, to be kind and generous, pure heart and fair. There are about 70 supporting supports. Clothing of members of different societies was distinguished by color, style and fabrics, of which it is made.

Each item wardrobe corresponds to a symbolic value. The headdress was a conical shape with inscriptions from the Quran. The cap is bodied by a thick edge, meaning that Dervish should not see the world around, and only to communicate with God. The upper clothing of the adept religious flow was a wide straight robe with sleeves, which was tested by the belt. The main subject was the rosary consisting of 99 balls that the believer came through, calling God by name. Among those who use the fame Currently, Bektashi and Mevliti can be called.

Ringerging Dervishi (Dancing Dervish)

Sufi assure that it is possible to understand the nature of the universe and get closer to God only with a heart and soul. I will not succeed with pronounced words. It will help in achieving the goal of unity with God the dance. It is believed that such music sounds at the gate of Paradise.

Darvish dance is an enchanting idea that fascinates and produces an indelible impression on everyone. The dance begins with the preparation. Dancers are worth about 10 minutes motionless, arms crossed on the shoulders. So they focus. Then they bow the sheikh and the audience and begin to spin. Raising the palms of hand up, they get the blessing of the sky, which is then transmitted by the earth, lowering their book. The circle of performers occurs counterclockwise with closed eyes and tilted heads. Dancers are circling around their axis, without making any additional movements either with their hands nor head. Right palm is drawn up, to God, and the left - down to the ground and people. It is believed that rotation connects the sky and land, time and space.

During the dance, performers fall into the trance, they are moving away from the whole earthly. For adherents of Sufism, the dance is a prayer, a conversation with God. So the dancers can rotate for about 15 minutes. The art of religious dancers is taught from early childhood. And after two decades, the student reaches perfect in dance. During a long rotation, the dancers are included in the ecstasy, a kind of Sufi intoxication, which allows you to feel the liberation from the flesh and climbing the Almighty. Dance helps to feel universal love and clean his soul.

Dance Derviche - Prayer or View?

In the modern world, an unusual dance still attracts great attention. But he turned simply in the show, where performers are simple artists earning money. Only in several places in a certain time there are dances of real dervish. For example, in Konie, where there is a mausoleum of the founder of the Order. Here, every year in December, a festival is held, on which there are spinning magicians from around the world. Only there you can see the dance of real monks, full of religious meaning and causing the audience unusual sensations of mystical lifting and flight over the ground.

The dance is of great importance:

• gives people peace and equilibrium,
• allows you to touch mystical and sublime.

Despite the fact that Sufism is based on more than 700 years ago, the dance of the circling dervish almost did not change. And we can see this beautiful spectacle and enjoy the feeling of freedom and involvement in the sacrament.

The prototype of the monk, and the wound beggar, and Fakir, the doctor, the prisoner for the poorest segments of the population of countries. The manifold of the entities of the dervis was developed by centuries, starting from about the 7th century. Dervishi live and continue to search for spiritual perfection in Pakistan, India, Iran, some countries of Southeast Asia and North Africa.

Such different dervishi

Dervishi there are wandering and living in the abode (teaching, khanaka). In any case, Dervishi should not have property, they must completely obey the teacher (Sheikh) and, ideally, to observe the vow of celibacy. There are, however, dervishes who have their craft or position, their homes and families and live outside the monastery. In this case, they should be generous, hospitable, ready to part with property, for everything belongs to Allah. They are charged to perform special prayers of fraternity at certain hours and visit the monastery 2-3 times a week and on religious holidays.

The essence of the religious belief of the dervish

Derviches unites the desire for hernate life and Sufism is one of the main directions of Muslim. The main idea of \u200b\u200bthe latter is in the individual achievement of communication with God, in the purification of the heart from everything except God. The ways to achieve spiritual excellence can be expressed in silent, in-depth contemplation, in common prayers of out louds accompanied by singing, in, with religious subtext, dance to the music. Mystical Ecstasy running from a pure heart helps more than attempts to intellectual understanding.

Order Dervish

More than 70 debris, founded by the famous elders, or sheikhs, are known. The oldest of them is considered the Order of Elvan, who founded Sheikh Elvan (died in Jedda in 766). Other Ancient Orders are Edhemites, Bektashi and Sakati. There are also sects departing from the basic laws of Islam, the so-called. Free (Assad) or lawlessness (Bisher). Muslims make rich gifts or contributions to the abode related to one or another orders. However, the Dervyshi should take care of their own apparel. Clothes color chosen black or dark green; Sheykhov has white and green. The head of the dervish covers the turban of various shapes.

Dancing dervishi

Many tremors orders existed on the territory of the former Ottoman Empire. In 1925, when moving Turkey to the Republican, the management, Dervishi and their orders were prohibited. From the middle of the 50s of the XX century, the attitude towards the dervisms from the state softened. Some orders of Dervisians have entertained in modern life of Turkey and have become a tourist attraction. For example, dancing dervishes of the Order of Mevlevi in \u200b\u200bthe city of Konna, 200 km south of Ankara. Twice a year, their festivities are accompanied by exciting dance-circling filled with deep mystical meaning.

Even if you have never been to Turkey, we are confident that at least once in life you saw a photo or video of men in white robes and high hats, as if in the ecstasy of circling in the dance. This is dervishi - Muslim monks with an extremely interesting history of life and rituals, which we want to tell you.

Dance dervish

The fact that we, like inhabitants, call the dizard dervish dance has its own ritual name - "Sema" or "Mevlevian Radiation". Participants - Semazennes are members of the Sufi Order of Mevlevi, which was founded in the 13th century by the poet - mystician Jalaladdin Rumi, more famous as "Mevlyan" (Arab. "Our Mr."). This spiritual order exists to this day and not only in Turkey, but also in Europe, for example. Of course, now the concept of "dervish" is only the symbolic and members of this Order are not the worshipers. They live ordinary life, often have a family, work and even some condition. Every year, from 10 to 17 December, these people come to the SEB-I-ARA festival to Turkey, to the city of Konya to visit the Mausoleum, where Mevlyan was buried, and take part in the seme.

Mausoleum Mevlyan in Konier, Turkey

Jelaladdin (Jelal Ad-Dean) Rumi was born in 1207 in the Afghan city of Balx. His father was a court scientist and a preacher - Sufi. In the life of Rumi there were a lot of wardings in Asia Minor, which as a result led him to the Turkish city of Konya. Here, all the events that were perpetuated by his name occurred. The main thing is from the meeting with the dervous Shems Tabrizi. Rumi at that time was already 45 years old, he was inherited from his father the title of Sheikh (Head of the Order, the Spiritual Teacher), he was honored not only the disciples, but also the whole city, but ....

Jelaladdin Rumi and Shems Tabrizi

Meeting Rumi with Shems in 1244 became the fundamental for them both - everyone became for another student and teacher. They were inseparable. Murids (ORDERS ORDEN) hated Shems for the fact that their favorite teacher Rumi spent all the time with him. Their envy aggravated the fact that Mevlyan married Shems on one of his adopted daughters to be with him even closer. All this led to the fact that in 1247, Murids, among whom was the son of Rumi, killed Shems Tabrizi and threw his body into a well next to the house of Mevlyan. And then the detective story begins to be right. It is known that the novices told Rui about the murder of Shems and even showed that the very well, but he refused to believe it and, instead of removing the body of a beloved friend, went to Damascus on his searches. Rumi spent there many months, bypassing a house behind the house, mosque for a mosque in search of Shems. All these physical searches contributed to his spiritual quest on the way to enlightenment so much that researchers started talking about the fact that Mevlyan himself ordered the murder of Shems Tabrizi. Subsequently, Rumi returned to Konya, continued his path of the Sufist and died there in the same time in 1273.

The body of the Mevlyan and other members of the Mevleviva is resting to Mausolema

This place is also a museum where you can see the books (including the most famous book of Mevliana "Mevlya") and the things of the dervish. In the cells you can see how Dervishi lived, how they spent their rituals, the main of which is sem. It is believed that Mevlyan himself became the creator of this ritual. Once he walked around the market and heard the knock of the hammers. This rhythm crowded him into ecstasy and he began to circling, raising his hands to the sky.

Circling dervish

To take part in this ritual, the novice must do a long way - to show his hardworking, passing training, learn himself in wanderings. If a person wants to step on this path, he can come to one of the schools of Mevlevi. Sema includes music, dance and prayer. Participants of the ritual - Semazena and Sheikh. They wear symbolic clothes consisting of a white wide skirt, a black raincoat and a high felt cap.

It is believed that white clothing symbolizes a savan, cloak - coffin, and the hat - the tombstone

First, the semaznes are cleared in a circle on sheep's sheep skins for prayer. After that, they get up and follow the sheikh in a circle, it happens three times. Returning to his place in the hall, Semazen dumps the cape and with his arms crossed on his chest again approaching sheikh, already for blessing. Having received it, Semazen begins his circle, first dropping his hands to the belt, and then raising them and spreading to the sides - one palm up, the other - down. Circling is interrupted three times. These pauses are devoted to the Creator, the Universe and the soul.

Circling, Semazena tip the head, presses the carotid artery. It affects blood circulation and helps to enter trance.

Sema is not a dance, this is a process. The process of turning certain higher abstract concepts into quite tangible energy with the help of a conductor is semaen. It can be said that its high felt hat is "antenna", the wide bottom of his clothes - "Locator". The faster the dervish is spinning, the higher the bell is raised by his skirt, the wider the distribution area.

Dervish (from the Persian "Beggar") - The priest, leading lens lifestyle. In many ways, Dervoshi is reminiscent of Christian monks who seek to free themselves from all worldly and completely devote themselves to serving the Almighty.

Despite the fact that the dissemination of Islam was not particularly encouraged in the early years, the first fraternities began to appear on the territory of the Arab Khaliphat. As the rules, the associations were created around the Sufi Sheikh - the head of the brotherhood, which performed the function of the mentor of the entire community.

The ancient fraternity of the dervish is considered to be "Elvana", based on Sheikh Elvana in the VIII century. The first such communities were created exclusively in religious purposes and preached a ascetic lifestyle with a refusal of worldly goods. Later communities rather carried a political subtext. In particular, in the XIX century in the Middle East and North Africa regions, dervish organizations were created to counteract the dominance of European colonialists. Today, fraternities act around the world and take an active part in the public and spiritual life of the countries of residence. Especially popular they use in Iran, Turkey and Syria.

Classification

All dervisses are divided into two groups: Wearing and residents in communities. The first, preserving loyalty to his fraternity and sheikh, wandered around the world and are dealing with () among the local population. With a certain periodicity of Dervishi, they must attend their mentor in order to gain wisdom.

The second group is permanently residing in the monastery, which is referred to as Khanaka or teaching, and constantly close to their mentor. Every believer in order to become Dervysh must pass the rite of dedication to the Brotherhood - this is the versatility of the recruitment in a special robe with a hood (chirka). Also in some communities, the newly debris was played earrings in the ears and climbed into a special belt. Exercise dedication rites are entitled only to Sheikh, which is divided with a new member of the organization with its innermost knowledge (VIRS) - Dervish is not entitled to transmit them to unauthorized persons. In some abode, it was allowed to devote to Dervishi and women, but minority such examples. After Dervish passed an initiation rite, he must be faithful to his mentor and fulfill all his assignments.

Religious practice

The main spiritual rite, performed by dervisms - is (remembering Allah). Each individual community has its own ZIKR and its execution method. As a rule, the rite is carried out in the monastery weekly, as well as during special holidays, such as Mavlida An-Nabi. In some communities, Dervishi were obliged to give vows celibacy. Also in the number of religious rituals, the dervish includes reading a prayer, accompanied by nodding the head or rock swing, as well as "herself" - a rite, including singing songs, dancing and playing musical instruments.

The founder of this rite is considered the Persian poet, Sufi Jalyalyadin Rumi. The legend says that one day on the market he heard the ringing of the hammers of masters that have been growing. In this knock, he heard the words (testimonies) and began to circling, collecting hands in different directions. It was this dance that Rumi became an element of Zikra Dervish, and now we can see something similar in their abode. It is believed that the poet himself compared the rite of herself with the commission of Hajj, since in both cases the believer cleans the soul from the whole negative and reaches a religious ideal, approaching the Creator.

An important role in the ritual itself is played by singing and playing on instruments, but only on those that have a sacred value for the dervish - as a rule, it is a tambourine or flute. Often, among the members of the Brotherhood, the poems are reading, which, in combination with music, have a special impact on those present and able to introduce them into trance. At the same time, during the herself, oddly enough, the Ayats of the Sacred Quran are never used.

On all over, his participants themselves are obliged to comply with silence and calm until the attack of the transe culmination (take-off), when Dervish is already losing self-control and flows into a state of ritual intoxication, when unpredictable movements begins to do, and sometimes make screams. Dervish must sincerely experience the climax of trance in order to achieve the expected results and clear its mind. If he succeeds, then his soul gets the opportunity to communicate with the Almighty without any intermediaries. It is at this point that it is believed to be Dervish can get the innermost knowledge from its creator. Often, the rite causes so strong emotions that a person can lose consciousness or even die. But at the same time, some Sufi scientists believe that converted Muslims are not able to achieve the level of inhabitants, which is available for "experienced" believers.

Muslims

Not all Muslims consider the religious practice of the dervish permitted. The most conservative theologians call the dance for a forbidden innovation, which has nothing to do with the teachings of the Messenger of Allah (S.G.V.). In addition, most Muslims perform traditional ZIKR and are skeptical about the commemoration of the Most High in dance or reading poetic works. The main argument of opponents of dance and songs is the statement that neither in the sacred Quran, nor in the Khadisahs of the Prophet (S.G.V.) does not contain information about this, which means that it is an innovation (Bidgat).

In addition, a sharp criticism also exposed to the "Ritual Trans", in which a person does not always give the report to his actions. Such a state of Muslim theologians is equal to alcohol intoxication.

Supporters of this particular form of worship are confident that Muslim, making the rite "herself", is able to awaken in itself a strong love for Allah, which is impossible to achieve traditional methods. In addition, they are confident that music is able to significantly increase the level of human iman if the believer achieved the purity of the soul and cleared his mind from all worldly.

Even if you have never been to Turkey, we are confident that at least once in life you saw a photo or video of men in white robes and high hats, as if in the ecstasy of circling in the dance. This is dervishi - Muslim monks with an extremely interesting history of life and rituals, which we want to tell you.

Dance dervish

The fact that we, like inhabitants, call the dizard dervish dance has its own ritual name - "Sema" or "Mevlevian Radiation". Participants - Semazennes are members of the Sufi Order of Mevlevi, which was founded in the 13th century by the poet - mystician Jalaladdin Rumi, more famous as "Mevlyan" (Arab. "Our Mr."). This spiritual order exists to this day and not only in Turkey, but also in Europe, for example. Of course, now the concept of "dervish" is only the symbolic and members of this Order are not the worshipers. They live ordinary life, often have a family, work and even some condition. Every year, from 10 to 17 December, these people come to the SEB-I-ARA festival to Turkey, to the city of Konya to visit the Mausoleum, where Mevlyan was buried, and take part in the seme.

Mausoleum Mevlyan in Konier, Turkey

Jelaladdin (Jelal Ad-Dean) Rumi was born in 1207 in the Afghan city of Balx. His father was a court scientist and a preacher - Sufi. In the life of Rumi there were a lot of wardings in Asia Minor, which as a result led him to the Turkish city of Konya. Here, all the events that were perpetuated by his name occurred. The main thing is from the meeting with the dervous Shems Tabrizi. Rumi at that time was already 45 years old, he was inherited from his father the title of Sheikh (Head of the Order, the Spiritual Teacher), he was honored not only the disciples, but also the whole city, but ....

Jelaladdin Rumi and Shems Tabrizi

Meeting Rumi with Shems in 1244 became the fundamental for them both - everyone became for another student and teacher. They were inseparable. Murids (ORDERS ORDEN) hated Shems for the fact that their favorite teacher Rumi spent all the time with him. Their envy aggravated the fact that Mevlyan married Shems on one of his adopted daughters to be with him even closer. All this led to the fact that in 1247, Murids, among whom was the son of Rumi, killed Shems Tabrizi and threw his body into a well next to the house of Mevlyan. And then the detective story begins to be right. It is known that the novices told Rui about the murder of Shems and even showed that the very well, but he refused to believe it and, instead of removing the body of a beloved friend, went to Damascus on his searches. Rumi spent there many months, bypassing a house behind the house, mosque for a mosque in search of Shems. All these physical searches contributed to his spiritual quest on the way to enlightenment so much that researchers started talking about the fact that Mevlyan himself ordered the murder of Shems Tabrizi. Subsequently, Rumi returned to Konya, continued his path of the Sufist and died there in the same time in 1273.

The body of the Mevlyan and other members of the Mevleviva is resting to Mausolema

This place is also a museum where you can see the books (including the most famous book of Mevliana "Mevlya") and the things of the dervish. In the cells you can see how Dervishi lived, how they spent their rituals, the main of which is sem. It is believed that Mevlyan himself became the creator of this ritual. Once he walked around the market and heard the knock of the hammers. This rhythm crowded him into ecstasy and he began to circling, raising his hands to the sky.

Circling dervish

To take part in this ritual, the novice must do a long way - to show his hardworking, passing training, learn himself in wanderings. If a person wants to step on this path, he can come to one of the schools of Mevlevi. Sema includes music, dance and prayer. Participants of the ritual - Semazena and Sheikh. They wear symbolic clothes consisting of a white wide skirt, a black raincoat and a high felt cap.

It is believed that white clothing symbolizes a savan, cloak - coffin, and the hat - the tombstone

First, the semaznes are cleared in a circle on sheep's sheep skins for prayer. After that, they get up and follow the sheikh in a circle, it happens three times. Returning to his place in the hall, Semazen dumps the cape and with his arms crossed on his chest again approaching sheikh, already for blessing. Having received it, Semazen begins his circle, first dropping his hands to the belt, and then raising them and spreading to the sides - one palm up, the other - down. Circling is interrupted three times. These pauses are devoted to the Creator, the Universe and the soul.

Circling, Semazena tip the head, presses the carotid artery. It affects blood circulation and helps to enter trance.

Sema is not a dance, this is a process. The process of turning certain higher abstract concepts into quite tangible energy with the help of a conductor is semaen. It can be said that its high felt hat is "antenna", the wide bottom of his clothes - "Locator". The faster the dervish is spinning, the higher the bell is raised by his skirt, the wider the distribution area.