Vomits at 13 weeks of gestation what to do. A detailed explanation of the problem of nausea, vomiting and toxicosis (early gestosis) during pregnancy: causes and effective treatment. Nutrition for toxicosis of pregnant women

Toxicosis is a fairly common condition in pregnant women, accompanied by nausea and vomiting. It occurs due to poisoning with toxins and other harmful substances that form in a pregnant woman during the development of the fetus.

It can also lead to the manifestation of many symptoms, the most persistent are disorders of the central nervous system, cardiovascular system and metabolism. As long as toxicosis during pregnancy lasts, the manifestation of symptoms continues.

There are several degrees of toxicosis:

• The first - the urge to vomit is observed infrequently, up to 5 times. Weight loss is insignificant up to 3 kg.
• The second is vomiting up to 10 times and weight loss can be 3-4 kg over a two-week period, which can lead to a decrease in blood pressure.
• The third - prolonged and frequent bouts of vomiting, reaching up to 25 times a day, there is a significant weight loss - over 10 kg, the temperature rises and the pulse quickens.

When does toxicosis begin in pregnant women?

Many women try to determine the absence or, conversely, the presence of pregnancy and begin to listen to their body, to each of its changes. Not every woman knows exactly when toxicosis during pregnancy can begin. Doctors set the following time frames:

• Early toxicosis can begin in the first days of the delay or at 5-6 weeks of pregnancy. And toxicosis ends early by 13-14 weeks, but everything can end earlier, each case is individual.
• The manifestations of late toxicosis begin in the very last trimester of pregnancy, and sometimes in the middle of the second trimester, which is much more dangerous for the fetus and mother.

Signs of toxicosis in pregnant women

As soon as the child is conceived, the body of the future mother begins to adjust the rhythm of work for two: the mother herself and the baby. From which, at first, a woman begins to experience discomfort called toxicosis. How to deal with it, you can find out on the forum, where each mommy shares her secret.

First of all, a woman manifests irritability, increased salivation, loss of appetite, nausea, weakness, drowsiness, changes in taste buds, vomiting and weight loss. Very rarely, with early toxicosis, one can observe the development of dermatoses, asthma, osteomalacia - softening of bone substance, tetany - spasmodic manifestations of skeletal muscles. Signs of severe toxicosis appear regardless of who mommy is waiting for: a boy or a girl. Symptoms of toxicosis can also be observed with a frozen pregnancy, which can be distinguished by the absence of fetal movement and heartbeat.

The most dangerous and unpleasant signs of toxicosis, both in the first trimester and in the third.

Vomiting reflex in pregnant women

Vomiting is one of the most striking manifestations of toxicosis in late and early pregnancy. Most often, vomiting is active for 20 weeks and the earlier it starts, the harder it is. There are several degrees of severity of the gag reflex in a pregnant woman:

1. Mild nausea and a small amount of vomiting, which occurs no more than 5 times a day, usually after meals. The woman's condition is unchanged, weight loss is about 3 kg, but no more.
2. Vomiting increases up to 10 times a day, regardless of food intake, and weight loss in 2 weeks can already reach 3 kg and more. The well-being of a pregnant woman deteriorates significantly: weakness occurs, the pulse rate increases, and blood pressure decreases.
3. Excessive vomiting is observed, which can go up to 25 times a day. Such a transient process leads to dehydration of the body and a sharp loss of weight (more than 10 kg.). The temperature rises, bad breath appears, pulse quickens, blood pressure drops and the woman becomes inhibited. In some cases, it is possible that the kidneys are disrupted and with prolonged vomiting, which is already becoming dangerous for the mother's life, doctors recommend an artificial termination of pregnancy.

Dermatous eruptions

This is the most unpleasant manifestation of toxicosis at the 13th week of pregnancy, in the form of diffuse itching of the skin, it can also reach the genitals. This leads to irritability, sleep disturbance and depression.

Dangerous development of tetany and osteomalacia

Progressive development occurs due to disturbances in the exchange of phosphorus and calcium in the body of the expectant mother. Osteomalacia causes softening of bone tissue, which can lead to bone fractures. Tetania is dangerous with cramps in the muscles of the upper extremities, it is very rarely observed in the lower extremities and on the face.

Why is there no toxicosis

Women are so accustomed to the idea that toxicosis is a normal course of pregnancy that its absence began to inspire fear and apprehension. Do not worry, such suspicions are completely unfounded and not dangerous. Quite the opposite - it means that the expectant mother is absolutely healthy. If there is no toxicosis, this is normal. The body easily rearranged itself to the new rhythm of work, coping well with the loads, it adapted to the new state without the manifestation of nausea, vomiting and disturbances of its general systems.

The advantageous aspects of a "toxic-free" pregnancy are obvious:

• there is no threat of miscarriage, subsequently severe toxicosis;
• timely replenishment of the developing fetus with vitamins, which improves its development, without any pathologies;
• excellent mood and well-being, allows you to enjoy the unique state of the body.

Types of toxicosis

During pregnancy, there are several types of toxicosis:

• Staphylococcal toxicosis - is activated by enterotoxigenic strains, which, when multiplying, can release into food products - heat-resistant exotoxin. An urgent doctor's consultation, examination and further treatment are required.
• Evening toxicosis - after a grueling and stressful day and without taking enough food, the body becomes depleted and succumbs to the attack of toxicosis. Toxicosis in the evenings makes it difficult to fall asleep and rest in peace. Evening walks, freshly prepared juice or fruit drink from fresh sour berries have a beneficial effect on the body.
• Toxicosis in the first half of pregnancy - This is approximately the period from 1 to 14 weeks of pregnancy. Doctors recommend calmly experiencing the symptoms of toxicosis in the first trimester. In the event that the symptoms intensify, then specialists can prescribe safe soft herbal remedies, which will greatly alleviate the condition of the pregnant woman and reduce intoxication. But it is worth noting that while Mom is using the prescribed drugs, she feels great, but when you stop taking these drugs, the signs of toxicosis immediately resume. To reduce toxicosis during pregnancy, you can resort to folk remedies, which will be safer for the baby.
• Late toxicosis - with the normal development of pregnancy, the re-manifestation of toxicosis in the second trimester is excluded. But there are cases when late toxicosis causes bouts of vomiting and nausea, if the symptoms intensify, then a complication called gestosis occurs. It is manifested by swelling, the presence of protein in the urine, high blood pressure and weight gain of up to 400 grams per week. The more toxicosis progresses in late pregnancy, the more difficult and dangerous for the health of a pregnant woman. But mom, who regularly visits the doctor, will be notified on time about gestosis and hospitalized on time. Treatment is prescribed individually, it all depends on the specific situation and the degree of manifestation of symptoms.
• Toxicosis before delay - Do you have nausea immediately after conception? This is not a sign that you are already pregnant. Toxicosis can begin 7 to 10 days after the development of the ovum. But nausea and vomiting may not always appear, on the contrary, many women begin to experience a brutal appetite.

Causes of toxicosis during pregnancy

Why toxicosis occurs during pregnancy is still a mystery and an unexplored phenomenon. In absolute accuracy, one cannot say what causes the symptoms of toxicosis in the early and late stages.

But still, doctors identify several causes of toxicosis in pregnant women:

1. Hormonal changes. From the first hours of fertilization of the egg in the uterine cavity, the woman undergoes cardinal hormonal changes. The composition of hormones changes dramatically, which is reflected in the behavior and health and well-being of the pregnant woman. Against the background of these changes, she becomes irritable, touchy and whiny, nausea is provoked, and her sense of smell is aggravated. In the first months, the embryo for the mother's body is considered a foreign body, from which he would like to get rid of, which also affects the well-being of the future mother. But when does toxicosis in pregnant women end? After some time, the level of hormones stabilizes, and the mother's body calmly accepts the embryo, and the fight against toxicosis will stop by the second trimester.
2. Placental development. The likelihood of this theory is quite logical. It was found that toxicosis exhausts the female body in the first trimester, up to approximately 13-14 weeks. The sharp disappearance of toxicosis is due to the fact that the placenta is already completing its formation. And now the performance of many functions is transferred to her duties, this number includes the delay of toxic substances. In the meantime, the process of placental development is not completed, the body of a pregnant woman itself is protected from possible intoxication, vomiting.
3. Defensive reaction. The refusal of the expectant mother from many products and late toxicosis during pregnancy is nothing more than a natural natural act of protection. Mom gets nausea primarily from cigarette smoke, coffee drinks, fish, meat and eggs. They can be hazardous to health due to the pathogenic microorganisms they contain. The gag reflex and nausea protect the fetus and the mother's body from the ingress of substances harmful and dangerous to them, in which case toxicosis in pregnant women is biologically necessary. In addition to the toxins and poisons contained in the food consumed, insulin, produced after each meal, has a negative effect on the development and growth of the embryo.
4. Chronic infections and illnesses. Infections and diseases that are not cured until the end, lead to a weakening of the immunity of a pregnant mother. This can provoke toxicosis in the first trimester, and then what to do? It is necessary to connect a full complex of vitamins at the planning stage, as well as contact a specialist and undergo a full examination. After that, undergo a course of treatment, especially for infections.
5. Psychological change. Severe toxicosis in the 3rd trimester can begin due to the psychological and emotional state of the mother. Nervous experiences, stress, lack of sleep, emotional upheaval and irritability are the causes of severe toxicosis, leading to nausea and vomiting. According to doctors, late toxicosis develops in women who become pregnant unexpectedly and unplanned. Moreover, many women pre-set themselves to the fact that all pregnant women have severe toxicosis in the first trimester or later. And the principle of self-hypnosis is known to everyone. According to scientists, with the onset of pregnancy, the nervous system undergoes great changes, and the centers of the brain, which are responsible for the functioning of the sense of smell and the gastrointestinal tract, are currently being activated.
6. Age criteria. Pregnancy that occurs after 30 - 35 years is considered dangerous, especially if this is the first conception or there have been multiple abortions before. The development of toxicosis can manifest itself much stronger and more risky. Experts say that the younger the future mom is, the easier she can tolerate the possible symptoms of toxicosis. But this is not in all cases, there are exceptions.
7. Genetic background. The onset of toxicosis in the second trimester due to heredity has a greater chance of developing it. In the event that someone from the previous generation suffered from toxicosis at 16 weeks or any other period, there is a 70% chance that this problem will not bypass you either. The risk of increased symptoms increases if a woman had toxicosis in a previous pregnancy.
8. Multiple pregnancy. There is certainly more joy from such news, but there will also be more difficulties in bearing. For example, toxicosis in the second half of pregnancy in a mother with twins manifests itself much more often and more progressively than in a woman with a singleton pregnancy. But pregnant women who have undergone early toxicosis are practically not threatened with miscarriage, which is important.

You can also say with confidence that a healthy woman is less susceptible to the manifestation of toxicosis during pregnancy than a mom with chronic diseases, infections and leading an unhealthy lifestyle.

What week does toxicosis take place?

All cases associated with toxicosis in the first half of pregnancy and subsequent trimesters are individual, so no one can answer the exact question: "When will toxicosis end?" Some mothers experience a slight sign of nausea, while others are forced to spend weeks in the hospital in order to overcome toxicosis. The same factor applies to the duration, because in pregnant women, toxicosis is observed in different trimesters, but in most cases, toxicosis goes away by itself at 14 weeks.

Signs of toxicosis can continue until the placenta is formed, and this process ends at about 12 or 14 weeks. After that, a calm course of pregnancy in the second trimester begins. Toxicosis in the third trimester can resume again, then it already has a completely different term - gestosis.

There are cases when the expectant mother's toxicosis begins in the last trimester, which is much more dangerous than toxicosis in early pregnancy. If there are signs of late toxicosis, you should immediately consult a specialist.

How to reduce toxicosis during pregnancy?

What exactly helps with toxicosis and how to alleviate its symptoms can only be determined by the pregnant woman herself, each has its own method of dealing with toxicosis. The main symptoms of toxicosis during pregnancy are manifested in the morning hours, because the level of glucose in the blood is lowered during this period of time. If you adhere to the tips listed below, then the activity of toxicosis may subside.

How to avoid toxicosis during pregnancy:

• Before getting out of bed, you should eat a small piece of bread, biscuits or, best of all, dried fruit. Make mint tea, add a slice of lemon and a small amount of sugar to it, which normalizes blood glucose levels. All these methods will help relieve symptoms of toxicosis in the early stages or in the last trimester, there is no difference.
• You can dissolve a slice of lemon or orange; sour fruits usually smooth out the manifestations of nausea. But for many, on the contrary, toxicosis increases, so you need to listen to your body and check all the methods gradually.
• You need to drink only those drinks and juices that are right for you: herbal tea, chilled drinks, plain water, vegetable broth.
• Instead of drinks containing a large amount of dyes, you can eat fruits with a high liquid content - melon, watermelon, grapes and ginger, with toxicosis, will be the best option. Sometimes you can pamper yourself with a serving of ice cream.
• Replace heavy, spicy and fried foods with steamed foods. Also, light food in the form of dairy products, fruits and raw vegetables is less stressful to the stomach and is much more beneficial for health.
• It is necessary to divide the meal into several servings and eat less food, but more often. During the day, you can connect croutons, a banana or an apple, so that the stomach is not empty. The fight against toxicosis will not be in vain if you do not allow vomiting and nausea to become a habitual manifestation of your body.
• It is not recommended, I will go to bed after eating. It is worth waiting a few hours before falling asleep or just lying down.
• A proven grandmother's recipe for toxicosis during pregnancy is a spoonful of honey at the beginning of the first symptoms of toxicosis.

Nutrition for toxicosis of pregnant women

So how to correctly formulate the diet of a future mother, with toxicosis in early pregnancy? The misconception of many is to limit oneself in food, the less we eat, the less nausea and vomiting. First, it is in the initial months that the embryo needs various trace elements and vitamins. Secondly, even the shortest diet, which is aimed at consuming only one product, can soon cause an allergic reaction, both in mom and in the fetus.

Therefore, it is important to draw up a balanced diet during this period:

• From the very beginning of toxicosis, it is necessary to exclude precisely those foods that cause nausea. These most often include dairy products.
• And what foods are needed despite the progression of nausea and vomiting? For the replenishment of minerals - sodium and chlorine, it is recommended - table salt, but in moderation. Therefore, salted fish and cucumbers will even be useful during this period, but do not forget about the measure, especially for women with chronic kidney disease.
• The menu for toxicosis in late pregnancy is significantly different. First of all, it is important to remember the enemy of the last trimester of pregnancy - salt. Therefore, refrain from taking herring and cucumbers, this can provoke fluid retention in the body. And salt all dishes less.

The best prevention for late toxicosis is moderate food intake. The most disliked foods for the body during this period are smoked meats, pickles and marinades. Therefore, it is very important to follow a healthy and wholesome diet before late toxicosis begins.

Protein plays an important role in late toxicosis, and a lack of protein leads to a decrease in it in the blood. In this connection, it is recommended to add boiled fish, cottage cheese and boiled lean meat to the diet of a healthy diet.

Toxicosis treatment

There are many remedies for toxicosis, some only reduce symptoms, while others fight it. But it should be borne in mind that not all drugs for toxicosis are safe and effective.

• Treatment of toxicosis using the drug method. In the fight against toxicosis, among a wide range of drugs used, only valerian, nosh-pa and trace elements belong to a number of harmless drugs. But in some situations, the use of more serious drugs is simply necessary for the health of the mother and child, if inactive, a miscarriage may occur. Medical treatment of early and late toxicosis should be comprehensive and include various drugs: Enterosgel, Essentiale, Cerucal and many others.
• Immunocytotherapy Is a modern invasive treatment method. The principle of its action is as follows: the spouse's lymphocytes are injected into the skin of the forearm for a pregnant woman. Relief of symptoms of toxicosis occurs within 24 hours. This method of treatment requires a thorough examination of the father for infections. It is important to know that immunocytotherapy can be dangerous as it increases the risk of contracting hepatitis and other infections.
• Homeopathic treatment method. This type of fight against toxicosis is considered the safest and most effective. Homeopathy allows you to select individual drugs that can heal not only the female body, but also the child. Side effects and overdose are excluded, and there is no addiction from the drugs used.
• Aromatherapy has been used since ancient times and has a beneficial effect on the well-being of a pregnant woman. So, for example, during the morning exacerbation of toxicosis, you can drop a couple of drops of peppermint essential oil on a handkerchief and put it next to you. If you do this procedure for several nights in a row, then the result will not be long in coming.

You can carry ginger oil with you and at the moment when the nausea attack worsens, you need to drop the ginger oil on your palm, rub it well and bring your palms to your nose, and take a deep breath. Steam inhalation can also be used to reduce the urge to vomit.

As a preventive measure, every morning it is necessary to rub an oil solution into the peri-umbilical region: one drop of ginger is added to a dessert spoon of vegetable oil.

In addition to the above methods of treating toxicosis, phytotherapy is also used, and someone prefers unusual methods: acupuncture, hypnosis, electrosleep and others.

You should not tune yourself into the fact that the manifestations of toxicosis during pregnancy, you will not be missed. Tell yourself more often: “Everything will be fine, both with me and with the child”!

Checking the article: Lada Sergeeva,
practicing gynecologist

Useful video about toxicosis during pregnancy

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Fruit (development, size)

The first trimester of pregnancy is ending, and by this time the child's body has achieved tremendous success in its development. The little heart amazes: every day it pumps 23 liters of blood! By this time, all the baby's milk teeth have already been fully laid.

But the accomplishments do not end there: at the 13th week of pregnancy, bone and muscle tissue continues to take shape, the digestive system of the crumbs develops. So, in the intestine, the first villi are formed, which in the future will take part in the digestion and promotion of food. The pancreas is already making its first insulin. The child's vocal apparatus began to form. The genitals are more and more differentiated: this week the genital tubercle lengthens and either gradually turns into a penis, or bends downward, forming a clitoris. Sex cells or prostate gland develop - depending on the sex of the fetus.

The child's appearance is also gradually acquiring more expressive features. The body is gaining momentum in growth - over time it will look larger and larger relative to the head. Now the coccygeal-parietal size of the fetus is on average 7-8 cm, and its weight fluctuates within 15-25 g.

A tremendous amount of work has been done to establish the main organs and systems, and now it is the turn of the emotional sphere. At the 13th week of pregnancy, the baby is active all the time: he listens, learns new skills, reacts to signs coming from the outside world (sounds and silence, light and darkness, warmth and cold, various kinds of touch). Now the baby is more and more awake, falling asleep only for a few minutes and waking up again. The movements of the fetus are no longer as chaotic as before, and have some orderliness.

At the 13th week of pregnancy, the baby distinguishes between the smells and tastes of the food absorbed by the mother. He may not like everything from the proposed menu, but on the contrary he will love some products very much. Just imagine: he not only knows how to suck and swallow, he already yawns, smiles and makes grimaces! The baby is very comfortable in her mother's tummy: here it is warm, cozy, calm, soft, the sounds coming from the outside pleasantly lull him, he is surrounded by a calming twilight ...

If by this time you have not yet established the tradition of communicating with the child, then the transition to the second trimester is the very time. The calmest period for mom and baby begins - use every minute of it for your own and his pleasure.

Feel

At the 13th week of pregnancy, a woman usually does not feel sick. The "hormonal riot" is over, the body has adapted to the changes that have taken place and got used to the new state. The second trimester is the quietest of all periods of pregnancy: most of the signs, symptoms and ailments associated with the onset of pregnancy are already behind, but still you cannot call this time completely carefree. It's time to come to grips with the prevention of stretch marks, constipation and edema.

By the 13th week of pregnancy, the waist gradually disappears and the tummy is rounded. Chances are you've already switched to maternity clothes. If not, update your wardrobe now. Pay special attention to the bra: it should be the size of the growing breast and support it well (wide shoulder straps do this). The breast will grow and fill throughout the entire period: in comparison with the pre-pregnancy state, its weight by the end of pregnancy will increase at least two, or even four times.

Uterus at 13 weeks of gestation

Just like the fetus, the uterus grows continuously, rising higher and higher. it fills almost the entire hip region and rises higher into the abdominal region. Neighboring organs will have to make room, and this will be associated with some inconvenience in the future: heartburn, shortness of breath and others.

During each examination, the gynecologist will now measure the height of the fundus of the uterus. It is equal to the number of weeks in centimeters. So, at the 13th week of pregnancy, the uterus has a height of 13 cm, a width of 10 cm. It can already be easily palpated, especially if a thick fat layer does not prevent it.

In the second trimester, the tone of the uterus will no longer be so terrible - it becomes softer and more elastic, and, as a rule, shrinks for a short time.

Stomach

In moments of increased uterine tone, you may feel stretching and pain in the lower abdomen. At such moments, you just need to lie down and rest. If this happens often, the doctor will advise you to put candles with papaverine or drink Ginipral, for example. But many mothers do without any medication. Just learn not to “worry” your uterus once again: do not walk in heels, do not carry weights, do not be nervous over trifles.

Gas may also hurt your stomach. Track your diet and the presence of such a relationship. Some foods may need to be eliminated from the diet.

In most women, the stomach at the 13th week of pregnancy already gives out their position: it has become rounded, or even noticeably increased. But it happens that the tummy is just beginning to emerge, and it seems as if you just gained a little bit.

Pain

If abdominal pain at the 13th week of pregnancy is accompanied by spotting bleeding, then it is better to warn your doctor about this. Try to limit physical activity for a while, and if bleeding begins, immediately go to the hospital.

It is not uncommon for pain on the sides of the abdomen at 13 weeks. This stretches the muscles that hold the uterus, and the uterus itself is stretched all the time. Such pains are not dangerous, but if you are agitated, then lie down to rest - it will not harm.

Leg pain accompanied by cramps in the calf muscles is a signal of a lack of calcium in the body. Usually, these pains occur at night. Increase the amount of calcium-containing foods in your diet - this element is very important now. Just give preference to plant sources of calcium, since the fontanel quickly stiffens from the animal, which is undesirable during the passage of the child through the birth canal.

Colds at 13 weeks pregnant

If the throat is sore, and besides, the head, and the whole body, and the temperature rises or a runny nose begins, then you need to treat the cold. The likelihood of getting the flu during pregnancy is very high, so you should avoid crowded places, especially during the peak of viral infections. And although a cold at 13 weeks of gestation is no longer as dangerous as in the first trimester, its severe course can cause some abnormalities in the development of the child and even premature birth. Therefore, do not run a cold, but start treatment right away. Try traditional medicine first, and only if the condition worsens, turn to medications. All your actions should be coordinated with your doctor so as not to harm the baby.

Temperature

Doctors say that there is no need to knock down the temperature during pregnancy. But if it stays at around 38 C for more than two days or rises, then you need to take an antipyretic. Talk to your doctor about the choice of medication, it can be drugs containing paracetamol or homeopathic antipyretics.

The temperature at 13 weeks of gestation may still be normal at subfebrile levels. There is no need to worry if at the same time you feel good, nothing hurts, you do not feel this rise in temperature and it is not accompanied by yellow-green or bloody discharge.

Allocations

Discharge at 13 weeks of gestation can change its character. They will now be more fluid and possibly plentiful. This is a normal phenomenon, the main thing is that the color and smell of the discharge does not change, that is, that they are absent. The reason for going to the doctor should be cheesy, bubbling, sharp-smelling discharge of yellow, greenish, gray, brown or red color, as well as discharge that causes discomfort and discomfort in the genital area: itching, burning, pain, swelling, irritation.

Such discharge at 13 weeks of gestation indicates the presence of an infection in the genital tract or the threat of termination.

Bleeding

Bloody discharge at 13 weeks of gestation is not the norm, but they are not always associated with something tragic. Undoubtedly, the doctor must establish the cause of the appearance of blood from the vagina, and there can be a lot of these:

• placental abruption;
• placenta previa;
• hematoma;
• erosion or mechanical damage to the cervix (often observed after examination on a gynecological chair or after intercourse);
• neoplasms;
• falling or hitting the abdomen;
• fragility of blood vessels (due to an increase in blood volumes, they can burst under its pressure) and others.

As you can see, not all of the reasons are a threat to your pregnancy. So do not be too nervous, but it is still necessary to establish the source of the bleeding, you never know what. Perhaps the doctor will prescribe you an ultrasound scan, which will show if the baby is normal, and this is the most important thing. It even happens that hospitalization is not needed in all cases.

Ultrasound at 13 weeks of gestation

If by this time the pregnancy was proceeding without complications, then perhaps your first ultrasound will take place at 13 weeks. You will be able to see how the little heart is beating, how it moves, and the doctor's examination will give the opportunity to assess the condition of the fetus and pregnancy:

• accurately establish the gestational age and the number of fetuses;
• assess the vital signs of the fetus;
• determine the presence / absence of severe defects incompatible with life;
• conduct a screening study to determine the risk group of a woman regarding chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus (in particular, Down's syndrome).

Screening

Distinguish between ultrasound and biochemical screening studies. The first screening during pregnancy is carried out at 11-16 weeks, it is likely that you will be referred for an ultrasound scan and tests this week.

Screening includes a series of tests and studies that identify women at risk of developing chromosomal diseases in the fetus. To do this, the collar zone of the fetus is mandatory (assessing its thickness or transparency), its nasal bone (presence or absence and size), the presence or absence of physical defects, as well as the level of hormones and proteins in the mother's blood, are determined. Based on the data obtained and the age category of the pregnant woman, a conclusion is made about the likelihood of the birth of a sick child in this woman.

The high-risk group includes pregnant women in whom, according to the results of screening, the risk of developing fetal abnormalities is 1: 350 or less. But you should know that a risk factor is not a guarantee of pathology. Screening allows only to assume a high probability of a chromosomal abnormality and no more.

Analyzes (hCG, progesterone)

Most likely, all tests at the 13th week of pregnancy will be part of the first biochemical screening, which has recently been included in the list of mandatory studies during pregnancy. This is the so-called double test, which includes an analysis for the hCG hormone and the plasma protein PAPA-A.

The level of hCG will give reason to judge the normal course of pregnancy or to suspect any deviations: a delay or arrest of fetal development, the presence of defects, a negative Rh factor. You should focus on the hCG norms given in the form, which may differ slightly in different laboratories.

Progesterone at 13 weeks of gestation is no longer as informative. There is no norm for the level of this hormone by week, it is assessed based on the trimester: in the first trimester, progesterone should normally be in the range of 8.9-468.4 nmol / l, in the second - 71.5-303.1 nmol / l ...

Food

Proper nutrition can help you avoid many troubles during pregnancy. At 13 weeks, it should be:

• complete: the child needs proteins, fats and carbohydrates;
• healthy: make a menu only from natural products prepared in a gentle way;
• varied: regularly eat lean meats, fruits and vegetables, nuts, cereals, legumes (if there are no problems with the intestines).

In addition, nutrition at 13 weeks of gestation should be adjusted to prevent constipation. Tomato juice, vegetable and fruit purees and juices, dried fruits, beets, apples, seaweed will help you with this. Remember the importance of calcium during this period. Be sure to include in your diet green fruits and vegetables (including kiwi), persimmons, lentils.

Alcohol at 13 weeks pregnant

Continue your healthy lifestyle until the very end of your pregnancy. Resist the temptation to smoke or drink alcohol. Alcohol at the 13th week of pregnancy is still very dangerous, because during this period, the laying and differentiation of the baby's internal organs and systems continues. But the fetus does not continue to develop throughout the pregnancy, and alcohol invariably gets to the baby through the placenta. That is why it is not correct to talk about a safe dose of alcohol during pregnancy.

Sex

The sex life of expectant parents at 13 weeks can sparkle with new colors. The risk of termination of pregnancy by this time has already been significantly reduced, the woman's anxieties and fears have subsided, she is accustomed to her new state and, perhaps, even feels the effect of hormones on herself, which can significantly increase libido during the period of bearing a baby. The sensitivity of the genitals also increases, which will allow you to experience new sensations from intimacy with your spouse. Enjoy this blessed time. The only obstacle to this may be your poor health and the threat of miscarriage - in this case, it is better not to risk it.

Content:

What if there is no nausea or vomiting during pregnancy?

Some studies show that women who experience nausea and vomiting early in pregnancy have a slightly lower risk of miscarriage or stillbirth than women who do not have these symptoms.

However, despite this, the absence of nausea and vomiting in a pregnant woman should be seen more as luck than as a sign that something is wrong with the pregnancy.

Constant nausea and vomiting in the first months of pregnancy: toxicosis of pregnant women

Nausea and frequent vomiting in the first 3-4 months of pregnancy are called early toxicosis.

Despite the fact that toxicosis of pregnant women is very common, it is rarely so severe that a pregnant woman needs the help of doctors. This happens in about 0.5-2% of all pregnant women. The exact causes of toxicosis are not known.

If nausea and vomiting do not happen very often and you are coping well with them, please study our recommendations below.

Nausea + heartburn + stomach pains + frequent belching during pregnancy

A similar combination of symptoms is very often observed in pregnant women and is associated with a malfunction of the valve that blocks the transition from the stomach to the esophagus.

If you are faced with a similar problem, carefully study our recommendations in the article Evidence-Based Patient Guidelines for Heartburn and Stomach Pain.

Other causes of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. When should you see a doctor?

How to get rid of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy?

In cases where nausea and vomiting in a pregnant woman is not associated with complications of pregnancy or other diseases, it is possible to weaken or completely eliminate them as follows:

Diet

• Eat as soon as you feel hungry, regardless of the time and daily routine.
• Try to eat less food at a time, but eat more often.
• Do not follow the principle “ a pregnant woman should eat for two"! Pregnant women should get only 450 calories. per day more than ordinary women (450 kcal is, for example, 100 gr. cookies, 100 gr. cheese, 200 gr. potatoes, etc.).
• Try to eat as little spicy, greasy or strong-smelling food as possible.
• Try not to come into contact with foods that you cannot tolerate during pregnancy.
• Talk to your doctor about stopping iron supplements and starting a vitamin and mineral supplement designed specifically for pregnant women. Iron supplements often cause severe nausea and constipation.
• For breakfast, a small sandwich with cheese or lean meat, but no butter, is best.
• In between meals, try to drink sugary drinks (such as fruit tea with sugar), but do not drink immediately after meals or with meals.

Work and rest hours

Watch for situations in which your nausea and vomiting is weaker and try to spend more time in such conditions (for example, walking, light sports, housework, rest).

Medicines for nausea and vomiting during pregnancy

Special medicines for vomiting are used only in cases where all other remedies do not help, as well as with severe toxicosis.

Of all antiemetic drugs, the most effective and safe during pregnancy are demonstrated by: Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), odinsetron, promethazine, metoclopromide, meclizine, diphenhydramine.

Always check with your doctor before taking any of these medications.

I> 13 weeks of gestation is a kind of transition to the next stage of embryo development. Although at the end of this period it will be possible to call it a fetus. Many women develop toxicosis at the 13th week of pregnancy, it is also called early. Do not worry a little more, and it will pass. So do not be alarmed, if nausea constantly bothers you at 13 weeks of pregnancy, it will disappear.

At the thirteenth week, the fetus has already fully formed milk teeth, there should be twenty of them and they will wait for their moment to erupt. It is worth noting that the baby's eyelids are not yet open, they are fused and the eyes will begin to open only after four months. If the handles are long, then the baby can even suck his thumb, which will be noticeable on the ultrasound. In addition, tissue begins to form in the baby, and the bones of the child will gradually form from it, especially the bones of the head and limbs. Several ribs are already beginning to appear. The most interesting thing is that even the chin and nose can be seen more clearly. And very soon, the breast of the fetus will begin to move, as during breathing, thereby training to breathe.

It is worth noting that the baby's intestines already fit into the abdominal cavity, villi begin to form and appear in it, which play an important role in food digestion. In addition, the pancreas of your baby is capable of producing insulin. ... At this stage, a rather important role in the nutrition of your fetus is played by the supply of oxygen, as well as the outflow of products, their processing, the placenta now performs this function. In the future, this role will be played by amniotic fluid. The most interesting thing is that at thirteen weeks the placenta is already formed, it is quite ready to take over from such an organ as the ovaries. The placenta will secrete a hormone - progesterone, including estriol. At 13 weeks, a rather cloudy membrane will envelop the baby. And at the top, usually on the left side, is the umbilical cord.

The length of the crumbs will be up to 78 millimeters, and the weight is about 20 grams. At the 13th week of pregnancy, the dangers will not pass you, although they will be minimized. You will still need to take care of yourself ... If you have a fever during 13 weeks of pregnancy or a cold during 13 weeks of pregnancy, you should see your doctor as soon as possible. Since your fetus will suffer because of this, and some medicines you will not be able to take. In addition, it is a cold that can affect the mutation of some of the baby's organs, so you should not joke with this and self-medicate, because this is not only your health, but also your crumbs.