How to make a paper airplane? Research work. Theme of work Ideal paper airplane Investigation of model properties of various models of paper airplanes

Incredible facts

Many of us saw, and maybe made paper planes and launched them, watching them float in the air.

Have you ever wondered who was the first to create a paper plane and why?

Today paper airplanes are made not only by children, but also by serious aircraft manufacturing companies - engineers and designers.

How, when and for what paper airplanes were and are still used, you can find out here.

Some historical facts related to paper flying machines

* First paper airplane was created about 2,000 years ago. It is believed that the first who came up with the idea of \u200b\u200bmaking airplanes out of paper were the Chinese, who were also fond of creating flying kites from papyrus.

* The Montgolfier brothers, Joseph-Michel and Jacques-Etienne, also decided to use paper for flights. It was they who invented the balloon and used paper for this. It happened in the 18th century.

* Leonardo da Vinci wrote about the use of paper to create models of an ornithopter (aircraft).

* In the early 20th century, aircraft magazines used images of paper airplanes to explain the principles of aerodynamics.

See also: How to make a paper airplane

* In their quest to build the first human-carrying aircraft, the Wright brothers used paper airplanes and wings in wind tunnels.

* In the 1930s, the English artist and engineer Wallis Rigby designed his first paper plane. This idea seemed interesting to several publishers, who began to collaborate with him and publish his paper models, which were quite easy to assemble. It is worth noting that Rigby tried to make not only interesting models, but also flying ones.

* Also in the early 1930s, Jack Northrop of the Lockheed Corporation used several paper model airplanes and wings for testing. This was done before the creation of real large aircraft.

* During World War II, many governments restricted the use of materials such as plastic, metal and wood as they were considered strategically important. Paper has become widely available and very popular in the toy industry. This is what made paper modeling popular.

* In the USSR, paper modeling was also very popular. In 1959 P. L. Anokhin's book "Paper flying models" was published. As a result, this book became very popular among modelers for many years. In it, one could learn about the history of aircraft construction, as well as paper modeling. All paper models were original, for example, you could find a flying paper model of a Yak airplane.

Unusual facts about paper airplane models

* According to the Paper Aircraft Association, a paper plane launched into outer space will not fly, it will glide in a straight line. If the paper airplane does not collide with any object, it can float forever in space.

* The most expensive paper plane was used in the space shuttle during the next flight into space. The cost of the fuel used to get the plane into space by shuttle alone is enough to make this paper plane the most expensive.

* Largest wingspan paper plane is 12, 22 cm. An airplane with such wings was able to fly almost 35 meters before colliding with a wall. Such an aircraft was made by a group of students from the Faculty of Aviation and Rocket Engineering from the Polytechnic Institute in Delft, the Netherlands.

The launch took place in 1995 when the plane was launched inside a building from a platform 3 meters high. According to the rules, the plane was supposed to fly about 15 meters. If not for the limited space, he would have flown much further.

* Scientists, engineers and students use paper airplanes to study aerodynamics. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) sent a paper airplane into space in a space shuttle.

* Paper planes can be made different forms... According to record holder Ken Blackburn, airplanes shaped like an "X," a hoop or a futuristic spaceshipcan fly like simple paper planes if done correctly.

* NASA specialists together with cosmonauts held a master class for schoolchildren in the hangar of its research center in 1992. Together they built large paper airplanes with a wingspan of up to 9 meters.

* The smallest origami paper airplane was created under a microscope by Mr. Naito from Japan. He folded an airplane out of a sheet of paper measuring 2.9 square meters. millimeter. After fabrication, the airplane was placed on the tip of a sewing needle.

* The longest paper plane flight took place on December 19, 2010, and was launched by the Japanese Takuo Toda, who is the head of the Japan Origami Airplane Association. The flight duration of his model, launched in Fukuyama City, Hiroshima Prefecture, was 29.2 seconds.

How to make a Takuo Toda airplane

Robot assembles paper plane

In order to make a paper airplane, you need a rectangular paper sheet, which can be either white or colored. If desired, you can use notebook paper, copier, newsprint or any other paper that is available.

It is better to choose the density of the base for the future aircraft closer to the average, so that it flies far and at the same time it is not too difficult to fold (on too thick paper it is usually difficult to fix the folds and they turn out to be uneven).

Putting together the simplest airplane figurine

For beginner origami lovers, it is better to start with the simplest airplane model familiar to everyone from childhood:

For those who did not manage to fold the plane according to the instructions, here is a video master class:

If you are tired of this option back in school and you want to expand your paper aircraft building skills, we will tell you how to step by step perform two simple variations of the previous model.

Trucker plane

Step by step photo instructions

1. Fold a rectangular sheet of paper in half on the larger side. Bend the top two corners to the middle of the sheet. We turn away the resulting corner "valley", that is, towards ourselves.

1. We bend the corners of the resulting rectangle to the middle so that a small triangle looks out in the middle of the sheet.

1. Bend the small triangle upward - it will fix the wings of the future aircraft.

1. We fold the figure along the axis of symmetry, taking into account that the small triangle should remain outside.

1. We bend the wings from both sides to the base.

1. We expose both wings of the plane at an angle of 90 degrees to fly far.

1. Thus, without spending a lot of time, we get a distant airplane!

Folding scheme

1. Fold the paper rectangular sheet along its larger side in half.

1. Bend the top two corners to the middle of the sheet.

1. We wrap the corners with the "valley" along the dotted line. In the origami technique, "valley" is the execution of the fold of a section of the sheet along a certain line in the direction "towards you".

1. We fold the resulting figure along the axis of symmetry so that the corners are outside. Be sure to make sure that the contours of both halves of the future airplane coincide. It depends on how it will fly in the future.

1. Bend the wings on both sides of the plane, as shown in the picture.

1. Make sure that the angle between the wing of the aircraft and its fuselage is 90 degrees.

1. The result is such a fast airplane!

How to make the airplane fly far?

Do you want to learn how to properly launch a paper plane that you just made with your own hands? Then carefully read the rules of its management:

If all the rules are followed, but the model still does not fly as you would like, try to improve it as follows:

1. If the plane constantly strives to soar up sharply, and then, making a loop, goes down sharply, hitting the ground with its nose, it needs an upgrade in the form of an increase in the density (weight) of the nose. This can be done by slightly bending the nose of the paper model inward, as shown in the picture, or by attaching a paper clip to it from below.
2. If during flight the model does not fly straight, as it should, but to the side, equip it with a rudder, bending part of the wing along the line shown in the figure.
3. If the airplane goes into a tailspin, it urgently needs a tail. Armed with scissors, make it a quick and functional upgrade.
4. But if, during the tests, the model falls to one side, most likely the reason for the failure is the lack of stabilizers. To add them to the structure, it is enough to bend the wings of the plane along the edges along the lines indicated by the dotted line.

We also bring to your attention a video instruction on the manufacture and testing of an interesting model of an aircraft, which is capable not only far, but also for an incredibly long time:

Now that you are confident in your abilities and have already gotten your hands on folding and launching simple airplanes, we offer instructions that will tell you how to make an airplane out of paper of a more complex model.

Stealth plane F-117 ("Night hawk")

Bomb carrier

Execution scheme

1. We take a rectangular piece of paper. Fold the upper part of the rectangle with a double triangle: for this, bend the upper right corner of the rectangle so that its upper side coincides with the left side.
2. Then, by analogy, bend the left corner, aligning the upper part of the rectangle with its right side.
3. Through the point of intersection of the resulting lines, we make a fold, which in the end should be parallel to the smaller side of the rectangle.
4. Along this line, fold the resulting side triangles inward. You should get the figure shown in Figure 2. Mark a line in the middle of the sheet in the lower part, by analogy with Figure 1.

1. Draw a line parallel to the base of the triangle.

1. Turn the figure over to back side and bend the corner towards you. You should get the following paper construction:

1. Again, we shift the figure to the other side and bend the two corners up, having previously bent the upper part in half.

1. Flip the shape back and bend the corner up.

1. We fold the left and right corners, circled in the figure, in accordance with picture 7. This scheme will allow you to achieve the correct bend of the corner.

1. We bend the corner away from ourselves and fold the figure along the middle line.

1. We bring the edges inward, again fold the figure in half, and then over ourselves.

1. In the end, you will end up with such a paper toy - a bomb carrier!

Bomber SU-35

Fighter "Sharp-nosed hawk"

Step-by-step execution scheme

1. We take a piece of paper of rectangular shape, bend it in half along the larger side and outline the middle.

1. Bend back two corners of the rectangle towards ourselves.

1. Bend the corners of the shape along the dotted line.

1. Fold the shape across so that the acute angle is in the middle of the opposite side.

1. Turn the resulting shape over to the back side and form two folds, as shown in the figure. It is very important that the folds are folded not towards the midline, but at a slight angle to it.

1. We bend the resulting corner towards ourselves and at the same time turn the corner forward, which, after all the manipulations, will be on the back of the layout. You should get a shape as shown in the picture below.

1. Bend the figure in half away from ourselves.

1. We lower the wings of the airplane along the dotted line.

1. Bend the ends of the wings a little to get the so-called winglets. Then we spread the wings so that they form a right angle with the fuselage.

The paper fighter is ready!

Fighter "Gliding Hawk"

Manufacturing instruction:

1. Take a rectangular piece of paper and mark the middle by folding it in half along the larger side.

1. Bend the two upper corners of the rectangle inward to the middle.

1. We turn the sheet over to the reverse side and bend the folds towards ourselves towards the center line. It is very important that the top corners are not bent. You should get such a figure.

1. We fold the upper part of the square diagonally towards ourselves.

1. Fold the resulting figure in half.

1. We outline the fold as shown in the figure.

1. We fill the rectangular part of the fuselage of the future airplane inside.

1. Bend the wings down along the dotted line at a right angle.

1. The result is such a paper airplane! It remains to see how he flies.

Fighter F-15 Eagle

Airplane "Concorde"

Following the given photo and video instructions, you can make a paper plane with your own hands in a few minutes, playing with which will become a pleasant and entertaining pastime for you and your children!

Relevance: "Man is not a bird, but aspires to fly" It just so happened that a man was always drawn to the sky. People tried to make wings for themselves, later flying machines. And their efforts were justified, they were still able to take off. The advent of airplanes did not diminish the urgency of the ancient desire in the least ... modern world flying machines have taken pride of place, they help people travel long distances, transport mail, medicine, humanitarian aid, extinguish fires and save people ... So who built the world's first airplane and made a controlled flight on it? Who took this step so important for humanity, which became the beginning new era, the era of aviation? I find the study of this topic interesting and relevant

Research objectives: 1. To study the history of the emergence of aviation, the history of the appearance of the first paper airplanes, according to scientific literature. 2. Make model airplanes from different materials and organize an exhibition: "Our planes" 3.Conduct in-flight tests for the right choice aircraft model and paper type for the longest distance and the most long planning in the air

Object of research: paper airplane models Problem question: What model of a paper airplane will fly the longest distance and longest gliding in the air? Hypothesis: We assume that the longest distance will be flown by the Dart airplane, and the longest gliding in the air will be with the Glider airplane Research methods: 1.Analysis of the read literature; 2. Modeling; 3. Research of flights of paper airplanes.

The first aircraft that was able to independently lift off the ground and make a controlled horizontal flight was the Flyer 1, built by the brothers Orville and Wilbur Wright in the United States. The first aircraft flight in history took place on December 17, 1903. The Flyer stayed in the air for 12 seconds and flew 36.5 meters. The brainchild of the Wrights was officially recognized as the world's first heavier-than-air vehicle to fly manned using an engine.

The flight took place on July 20, 1882 in Krasnoe Selo near St. Petersburg. The plane was tested by the assistant mechanic I.N. Golubev. The device scattered along a specially built inclined wooden deck, took off, flew a certain distance and landed safely. The result is, of course, modest. But the possibility of flying in a vehicle heavier than air has been clearly proven.

History of the first paper airplanes The most common version of the time of invention and the name of the inventor is 1930, Jack Northrop co-founder of the Lockheed Corporation. Northrop used paper airplanes to test new ideas in the design of real airplanes.Despite the seeming frivolity of this activity, it turned out that launching airplanes is a whole science. Born in 1930, when Jack Northrop, co-founder of the Lockheed Corporation, used paper airplanes to test new ideas in the design of real aircraft 1930 Jack Northrop Lockheed Corporation

Conclusion In conclusion, I want to say that while working on this project, we learned a lot of new interesting things, made a lot of models with our own hands, and became more friendly. As a result of the work done, we realized: if we are seriously interested in aircraft modeling, then perhaps one of us will become a famous aircraft designer and design an airplane that people will fly on.

1.http: //ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paper plane ... ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paper plane annews.ru/news/detailannews.ru/news/detail opoccuu.com htmopoccuu.com htm 5.poznovatelno.ruavia / 8259.htmlpoznovatelno.ruavia / 8259.html 6.ru.wikipedia.orgwiki / Wright_Brothersru.wikipedia.orgwiki / Wright_Brothers 7.locals.md2012 / stan-chempionom- mira… samolyotikov / locals-.md2012 / stan chempionom- mira ... samolyotikov / 8 stranamasterov.ru from modules MK plane stranamasterov.ru from modules MK plane

Paper airplanes have a rich and long history. It is assumed that they tried to fold the plane out of paper with their own hands back in Ancient China and in England during the time of Queen Victoria. Subsequently, new generations of lovers of paper models have developed new options. Even a child is able to make a flying airplane out of paper, as soon as he learns the basic principles of folding a layout. A simple scheme contains no more than 5-6 operations, the instructions for creating advanced models are much more serious.

Different models will require different paper, differing in weight and thickness. Certain models are only able to move in a straight line, some are able to write a sharp turn. To make different models, you need paper of a certain hardness. Before you start modeling, try different paper, select the required thickness and density. It is not worth collecting crafts from crumpled paper, they will not fly. Playing with a paper airplane is a favorite pastime of most boys.

Before making a paper airplane, the child will need to include all his imagination, to concentrate. When conducting children's party you can hold a competition between children, let them launch the planes folded with their own hands.

Any boy can fold such an airplane. Any paper, even newsprint, is suitable for its manufacture. After the child is able to make this type of airplane, more serious designs will be within his power.

Consider all the stages of creation aircraft:

1. Prepare a sheet of paper of approximately A4 size. Place it with the short side facing you.
2. Fold the paper lengthwise and mark in the center. Expand the sheet, connect the top corner to the middle of the sheet.
3. Perform the same manipulations with the opposite angle.
4. Unfold the paper. Arrange the corners so that they do not reach the center of the sheet.
5. Fold back the small corner, it should hold all the other corners.
6. Bend the plane along the centerline. The triangular pieces are located on top, take the sides to the center line.

The second scheme of a classic aircraft

This common option is called a glider, you can leave it with a sharp nose, or you can make it blunt, bend it.

Airplane with propeller

There is a whole direction of origami dealing with the creation of models of paper airplanes. It is called aerogami. You can learn an easy way to make an origami paper airplane. This option is done very quickly, it flies well. This is exactly what will interest the kid. You can equip it with a propeller. Prepare a piece of paper, scissors or knife, pencils, a sewing pin that has a bead at the top.

Manufacturing scheme:

1. Place the sheet with the short side facing you, fold it in half lengthwise.
2. Fold the upper corners towards the center.
3. Bend the resulting side corners to the center of the sheet.
4. Fold the sides back towards the middle again. Iron all folds well.
5. To make a propeller, you need a 6 * 6cm square sheet, mark both of its diagonals. Make cuts along these lines, slightly less than a centimeter from the center.
6. Fold down the propeller, centering the corners one at a time. Secure the middle with a beaded needle. It is advisable to glue the propeller, it will not creep.

Attach the propeller to the tail of the aircraft layout. The model is ready to launch.

Boomerang plane

The kid will be very interested in an unusual paper airplane, which independently returns back into his hands.

Let's see how such layouts are made:

1. Place a sheet of A4 paper in front of you with the short side facing you. Fold in half along the long side, unfold.
2. Fold the upper corners to the center, smooth. Expand this part downward. Straighten the resulting triangle, smooth out all the folds inside.
3. Unfold the product with the back side, bend the second side of the triangle in the middle. Send the wide end of the paper to the opposite side.
4. Perform the same manipulations with the second half of the product.
5. As a result of all this, a kind of pocket should form. Lift it to the top, bend it so that its edge lies exactly along the length of the paper sheet. Fold the corner into this pocket and send the top one down.
6. Do the same with the other side of the plane.
7. Bend the details on the side of the pocket up.
8. Expand the layout, place the leading edge in the middle. Protruding pieces of paper should appear, they need to be bent. Also remove the fin-like details.
9. Expand the layout. It remains to bend it in half and iron all the folds well.
10. Decorate the front of the fuselage, bend the pieces of the wings up. Run your hands over the front of the wings to create a slight bend.

The plane is ready for operation, it will fly further and further.

The flight range depends on the mass of the aircraft and the strength of the wind. The lighter the paper the model is made of, the easier it is to fly. But in a strong wind, he will not be able to fly far, he will simply be blown away. A heavy aircraft is easier to withstand the flow of wind, but its range is shorter. In order for our paper plane to fly on a flat trajectory, it is necessary that both parts of it are exactly the same. If the wings are of different shapes or sizes, the plane will immediately dive. It is advisable not to use scotch tape, metal staples, glue in the manufacture. All this makes the product heavier, due to excess weight the plane won't fly.

Complex views

Origami plane

Municipal autonomous educational institution

average comprehensive school No. 41 p. Aksakovo

municipal district Belebeevsky district

I. Introduction______________________________________________ p. 3-4

II. The history of aviation _______________________ p. 4-7

III________ page 7-10

IV.Practical part: Organization of an exhibition of models

aircraft made of different materials and

research _______________________________________ p. 10-11

V... Conclusion__________________________________________ page 12

VI. References... _________________________________ page 12

VII. application

I.Introduction.

Relevance: "Man is not a bird, but aspires to fly"

It so happened that a person was always drawn to the sky. People tried to make wings for themselves, later flying machines. And their efforts were justified, they were still able to take off. The appearance of airplanes did not diminish the relevance of the ancient desire ... In the modern world, aircraft have taken pride of place, they help people to travel long distances, transport mail, medicines, humanitarian aid, extinguish fires and save people ... So who built and operated it? Who took this step so important for humanity, which marked the beginning of a new era, the era of aviation?

I find the study of this topic interesting and relevant

Objective:study the history of aviation and the history of the appearance of the first paper airplanes, explore models of paper airplanes

Research objectives:

Alexander Fedorovich Mozhaisky built an "aeronautic projectile" in 1882. So it was written in a patent for him in 1881. By the way, the aircraft patent was also the first in the world! The Wright brothers only patented their apparatus in 1905. Mozhaisky created a real plane with all the parts he was entitled to: a fuselage, a wing, a power plant of two steam engines and three propellers, a landing gear, and a tail unit. It was much more like a modern airplane than the Wright brothers' airplane.

Takeoff of the Mozhaisky plane (from the drawing of the famous pilot K. Artseulov)

specially built inclined wooden deck, took off, flew a certain distance and landed safely. The result is, of course, modest. But the possibility of flying in a vehicle heavier than air has been clearly proven. Further calculations showed that Mozhaisky's plane simply did not have enough power for a full-fledged flight. Three years later, he died, and he himself stood for many years in the Krasnoye Selo in the open air. Then it was transported to the Mozhaiskys' estate near Vologda, and already there it burned down in 1895. Well, what can you say. Very sorry…

III... The history of the first paper airplanes

The most common version of the time of invention and the name of the inventor is 1930, Northrop is the co-founder of the Lockheed Corporation. Northrop used paper airplanes to test new ideas in the design of real airplanes. Despite the seeming frivolity of this activity, it turned out that launching airplanes is a whole science. She was born in 1930, when Jack Northrop, co-founder of the Lockheed Corporation, used paper airplanes to test new ideas in the design of real aircraft.

And the Red Bull Paper Wings' paper airplane launch sports are world-class. They were invented by Briton Andy Chipling. For many years he and his friends were engaged in the creation of paper models and in the end, in 1989, he founded the Association of Aircraft Papercraft. It was he who wrote the set of rules for the launch of paper airplanes. To create an airplane, a sheet of A4 paper should be used. All manipulations with the airplane should consist in bending the paper - it is not allowed to cut or glue it, and also to use foreign objects for fixation (paper clips, etc.). Competition rules are very simple - teams compete in three disciplines (flight range, flight time and aerobatics - a spectacular show).

The World Paper Airplane Launching Championship was first held in 2006. It takes place every three years in Salzburg, in a huge glass-spherical building called "Hangar-7".

The airplane Glider, although it looks like a perfect raskoryak, plans well, so at the World Championships pilots from some countries launched it in competition for the longest flight time. It is important to throw it not forward, but upward. Then it will descend smoothly and for a long time. Such an aircraft certainly does not need to be launched twice, any deformation is fatal for it. The world planning record is now 27.6 seconds. It was installed american pilot Ken Blackburn .

While working, we came across unfamiliar words that are used in design. We looked into the encyclopedic dictionary, here's what we learned:

Glossary of terms.

Air ticket-a small airplane with a low power engine (engine power does not exceed 100 horse power), usually single or double.

Stabilizer - one of the horizontal planes that ensures the stability of the aircraft.

Keel is the vertical plane that ensures the stability of the aircraft.

Fuselage- the body of the aircraft, which serves to accommodate the crew, passengers, cargo and equipment; connects the wing, empennage, sometimes the chassis and the power plant.

IV... Practical part:

Organization of an exhibition of aircraft models from different materials and testing .

Well, which of the children did not make airplanes? In my opinion, such people are very difficult to find. It was a great joy to launch these paper models, and making it interesting and simple. Because the paper plane is very easy to manufacture and does not require material costs. All that is needed for such an airplane is to take a sheet of paper and, after spending a few seconds, become the winner of the yard, school or office in the competition for the longest or longest flight

We also made our first airplane - Kid in technology lesson and launched them right in class during recess. It was very interesting and fun.

Our homework was to make or draw a model of an airplane from any

material. We organized an exhibition of our aircraft where all the students performed. There were drawn planes: paints, pencils. Applique from napkins and colored paper, aircraft models from wood, cardboard, 20 matchboxes, a plastic bottle.

We wanted to know more about airplanes, and Lyudmila Gennadievna suggested that one group of students learn who built and made a controlled flight on it, and the other - the history of the first paper airplanes... We found all the information about the aircraft on the Internet. When we learned about the paper airplane launch competition, we also decided to hold such a competition for the longest distance and longest planning.

For participation, we decided to make airplanes: "Dart", "Glider", "Kid", "Arrow", and I myself came up with the airplane "Falcon" (the planes are in Appendix No. 1-5).

We launched the models 2 times. The airplane won - "Dart", it is pro-meters.

We launched the models 2 times. The airplane - "Glider" won, it was in the air for 5 seconds.

We launched the models 2 times. The airplane made from the office won

paper, he flew 11 meters.

Conclusion: Thus, our hypothesis was confirmed: the Dart flew the farthest (15 meters), the Glider was in the air the longest (5 seconds), the best airplanes fly made of office paper.

But we liked learning everything new and new so much that we found a new model of an aircraft from modules on the Internet. The work, of course, is painstaking - it requires accuracy, perseverance, but very interesting, especially to collect. We made 2000 modules for the plane. An aircraft designer "href \u003d" / text / category / aviakonstruktor / "rel \u003d" bookmark "\u003e an aircraft designer and will construct a plane that people will fly on.

VI. References:

1.http: // ru. wikipedia. org / wiki / Paper airplane ...

2.http: // www. ***** / news / detail

3 http: // ru. wikipedia. org ›wiki / Mozhaisky_Plane

4.http: // www. ›200711.htm

5.http: // www. ***** ›avia / 8259.html

6.http: // ru. wikipedia. org ›wiki / Wright Brothers

7.http: // locals. md › 2012 / stan-chempionom-mira ... samolyotikov /

8 http: // ***** ›from MK aircraft modules

ATTACHMENT

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