How much does the tank weigh? How much does a T 90 tank weigh how much horsepower

Introduced into service in 1993. The appearance of the tank was caused by the need to modernize the existing models, taking into account the experience of the war in the Persian Gulf, as well as the reorientation of production to Russian components. In the middle of the T-90 there is a low flat tower with a commander's cupola shifted to the right. The frontal part of the tower is reinforced with active plate armor of the second generation. Suspended armor blocks can also be installed on the turret roof, creating additional protection against air damage.

The driver's seat is located in front of the tank hull. Above it is a sunroof and a wide-angle optical system. The bow of the tank is equipped with an acute-angled blade fitted with a mount for a KMT-6 mine sweep. The main armament on the T-90 is a smooth-bore 125-mm cannon 2A46M, equipped with a removable thermal insulation casing.

A high-explosive fragmentation projectile with an electronic remote fuse was introduced into the T-90 cannon ammunition. To prepare the fuse for operation in the remote firing mode, a time interval setter is used. To the right of the gun is a coaxial 7.62 mm PKT machine gun. The tower houses a 12.7-mm NSVT anti-aircraft machine gun equipped with a 1C29 remote control system with vertical stabilization. The tank's 125-mm cannon is adapted for firing AT-11 ATGMs with laser guidance. The firing range of the ATGM is 4000 m. The 1A45 fire control complex allows the gunner and commander to conduct targeted firing with artillery shots from a cannon day and night from a standstill and in motion, guided missiles from a standstill.

The complex includes a 1A42 fire control system, a 9K119 "Reflex" guided weapon system, a PNK-4S commander's instrument and observation complex and a T01-P02T thermal imaging tank complex. Thus, the T-90 tank is capable of hitting most enemy tanks and helicopters, while remaining out of range. The 1V528-1 digital ballistic computer with a capacitive wind sensor DVE-BS and a laser range finder included in the fire control system allow hitting targets with high accuracy in night conditions.

The TShU-2 Shtora optoelectronic suppression complex provides additional protection for the T-90 tank by interfering in the optical range with ATGM control lines (shells, aerial bombs, aviation missile launchers) with optical feedback, or with laser guidance (illumination). This system consists of two IR illuminators located next to the cannon barrel. The searchlights are constantly on and emit a coded IR signal, which prevents the enemy's ATGM from targeting accurately. 12 grenade launchers are installed on the turret of the tank for setting aerosol curtains.

The armor protection of the frontal part of the hull and turret of the T-90 is a multi-layer combined armor barriers that provide invulnerability against most types of armor-piercing subcaliber and cumulative shells of tank (anti-tank) guns. High resistance against cumulative ammunition is achieved by installing mounted reactive armor. The tank has 227 containers: 61 on the hull, 70 on the turret, and 96 on the side skirts.Since 1988, T-90 (T-72B) serial tanks have used built-in explosive reactive armor. The hull of the tank is welded, its upper frontal part is inclined at an angle of 63 ° from the vertical. The tower is cast, its frontal part has variable tilt angles from 10 ° to 25 °. The sides of the hull are protected by anti-cumulative screens. The T-90 tank is distinguished by a high level of anti-radiation protection due to the use of undercut and overburden, a collective protection system and local protection of crew members.

The tank's survivability on the battlefield has been increased due to its low silhouette, the use of TDA and the 902B Tucha system for setting up smoke screens, a napalm protection system and fast-acting fire-fighting equipment ZETs13 "Iney". The T-90 tank has a camouflage painting and is equipped with equipment for self-digging and for hanging a KMT-6 mine sweep. The machine is equipped with a multi-fuel four-stroke high-speed diesel engine V-84-1 liquid-cooled with supercharging from a driven centrifugal supercharger. In addition, inertial (wave) pressurization is used.

Engine power is 840 hp. from. It is adapted to operate on diesel fuel, jet fuel (T-1, TS-1, T-2) and motor gasoline (A-66, A-72). The start is carried out using an electric starter, an air start system, as well as from an external power source or from a tug. For an emergency start of a cold engine in winter there is an intake air heating system. The mechanical planetary transmission consists of an input gearbox, two final drives and two final drives. It has hydraulic servo control and its own oil system.

Tank of India T-90 "Bhishma"

In 2006, the Indian government signed a contract worth $ 2.5 billion for the licensed production of 1,000 T-90 Bhishma tanks (named after the legendary hero of the ancient Indian epic Mahabharata)

The suspension system uses an individual torsion bar suspension with lever-blade hydraulic shock absorbers on the 1st, 2nd and 6th suspension nodes of each side. Track roller discs are made of aluminum alloy. The track rollers are rubberised on the outside and the carrier rollers are cushioned internally. To protect the tracks from dropping when turning the tank, limit discs are welded on the drive wheels.

The T-90 tank has several modifications and is supplied to different countries of the world

The T-90 tank is equipped with underwater driving equipment, which allows it to overcome water obstacles up to five meters deep and about 1000 meters wide. The tank uses the "Paragraph" communications complex, which includes a VHF radio station R-173, a radio receiver R-173P, an antenna filter unit and a laryngophone amplifier. The radio station operates in the 30-76 MHz frequency range and has a memory device that allows you to prepare 10 communication frequencies in advance. It provides a communication range of at least 20 km both on site and in motion on medium-rugged terrain.

The performance characteristics of the T-90 main battle tank:

Combat weight, t	46,5
Crew, people	3
Overall dimensions, mm:
length with gun forward	9530
width	3460
height	2230
clearance	470
Armor
	combined, with built-in dynamic protection
Armament:
	125-mm smoothbore cannon launcher 2A46M; 7.62 mm PKT machine gun; 12.7 mm machine gun; 12 smoke grenade launchers
Ammunition:
	43 rounds, 1250 rounds of 7.62-mm caliber, 300 rounds of 12.7-mm caliber
Engine	V-84MS, multi-fuel, four-stroke, diesel, 12-cylinder, turbo-charged, liquid-cooled, power 840 hp from.
Specific ground pressure, kg / cm	0,85
Highway speed, km / h	60
Cruising on the highway, km	500
Overcoming obstacles:
wall height, m	0,80
ditch width, m	2,80
ford depth, m	1.20 (with preparation 5 m)

Modifications to the T-90 main battle tank

T-90 is the first serial modification of the tank.
T-90K - the command version of the T-90, with additional communications (radio station R-163-50K) and navigation equipment (TNA-4-3).
T-90A - modification of the T-90, with a new welded turret, 1000 hp engine. with., improved thermal imaging equipment, new elements of dynamic protection and a number of other improvements.
T-90S - an export version of the T-90, without the Shtora-1 system and with additional reactive armor.
T-90SK - the command version of the T-90S, with additional communications and navigation equipment.
T-90SA - an export version of the T-90A, with a cooling system for night vision equipment and a modified system for detecting laser radiation.
T-90SKA - the command version of the T-90SA, with additional communication and navigation equipment.
T-90A - modernization (2006) T-90A: the second generation "Essa" thermal imaging sight was installed, the automatic loader was improved, the tank was increased by 100 liters.
T-90AM is the latest modification of the T-90A. The old turret was replaced with a new combat module with a fire control system "Kalina" with an integrated combat information and control system of the tactical level, a new automatic loader and an upgraded 2A46M-5 cannon, as well as a remotely controlled anti-aircraft gun "UDP T05BV-1". Dynamic protection "Relic". The steering wheel control and the automatic gear shifting system with the possibility of switching to manual are applied. The tank is equipped with a V-92S2F monoblock power plant with a capacity of 1130 hp. with., developed on the basis of the B-92S2.
T-90SM - export version of the T-90AM tank.

Sources:

Christopher F. Foss. Jane's Handbooks. Tanks and Fighting Vehicles;
G. L. Kholiavsky. "Complete Encyclopedia of World Tanks 1915 - 2000";
Murakhovsky V. I., Pavlov M. V., Safonov B. S., Solyankin A. G. "Modern tanks";
Philip Truitt. "Tanks and SPGs";
Equipment and weapons 2010 - 06.

Forward\u003e

The history of the development of Soviet tank building began in the 20s of the last century and had a number of its key features that set it apart from the background of other powers. At first, these were machines completely manufactured on the basis of the developments of foreign designers, but closer to the beginning of the Great Patriotic War (WWII), original and interesting machines began to appear.

Such as T-35, T-28, light T-26. The next round of development was the tank presented by Koshkin - A-32. Subsequently, this armored vehicle received an index - T-34. One need not mention the combat glory of this tank, it is already well known to everyone.

But the Soviet army needed not only medium and maneuverable vehicles, but the means to break through the enemy's echeloned defense. In 1939, a no less legendary tank, the KV-1, was put into service.

Legendary Soviet tank T-34

At the beginning of the Second World War, the tank forces of the USSR already had a considerable number of modern combat vehicles of this class, but the swiftness of the German strike did not allow them to fully reveal their full potential. However, Soviet tanks performed well on the battlefields.

Reservation of even medium T-34s made it possible to withstand the hit of shells from the cannons used by the enemy. To destroy the KV, it was often necessary to bring up units equipped with 88-mm anti-aircraft guns. Others just didn't take it.

The KV did not receive further development; it was replaced by the IS breakthrough tank. The first models of this device had an 85 mm gun, which was also installed on the T-34-85, and did not have a sufficient high-explosive effect of the projectile. In a hurry, these tanks began to be equipped with D-25t guns, which had a caliber of 122 mm.

Tank during the war (photo)

T-34/85 and IS-2 became the main tanks at the final stage of this terrible war. They can be seen on pedestals in every city in Russia and neighboring countries.

When the war was still going on, the next generation of medium tanks was handed over to proving grounds. They were called T-44.

The main difference between the T-44 and the T-34 was improved booking.

The main difference from the T-34 was the improved booking, reduced dimensions, a different engine location, the use of a torsion bar suspension, the colossal combat experience gained over the long years of conflict was taken into account. Subsequently, these developments were applied already in other, later T-54 and T-62 vehicles.

The line of ICs was also developed. The last developed model bore the name IS-8 (Later, after Stalin's death, renamed T-10). The tank had excellent armor, high mobility, and a 122 mm caliber gun. The tower housed the most modern fire controls.

The end of the era of medium and heavy tanks was put by the cumulative ammunition developed during the war and the general development in the field of means of fighting armored equipment.

It was impractical to build up armor using only metal. The weight and dimensions increased, the maneuverability and transportation capabilities decreased.

In Germany, they even abandoned cannon-proof armor on tanks of the Leopard line, putting everything on high dynamic characteristics and an MSA. Further development required a breakthrough, a new idea and concept of protection.

In the Soviet Union, such a miracle was the T-64 tank, developed and embodied in metal on the territory of the Kharkov plant.

Between the two layers of tank steel, there was a layer that extinguished the cumulative jet. This not only increased security, but also reduced the weight of the T 90 tank.

On the T-64, a multilayer booking principle was applied.

Combined armor was not the only breakthrough feature of this vehicle. In the course of the design work, it was decided to abandon the contaminating one and to use a "carousel" type autoloader for the cannon ammunition, capable of reloading under test conditions in 8 seconds.

There were also interesting innovations, but the article was about the T-90, not the T-64. It should only be noted that it was no longer a medium tank, but an MBT (General Battle Tank).

Tank T-64, predecessor of the T-90

Later, in addition to the T-64, vehicles such as the T-72 and the T-80 were adopted by the Soviet Union. They all had their own characteristics and purposes of application. By the beginning of the 90s, the USSR came with three MBTs, which were produced at different factories and had almost no unified units.

The history of the creation of the T-90 tank

In the mid-80s, the Tagil plant began mass production of the T-72B tank. The combat vehicle turned out to be not very modern. One of the main drawbacks was the MSA, which was worse than on NATO tanks and more advanced Soviet tanks like the T-80.

T-72 were the "workhorses" of the tank forces.

It is worth noting, however, that the T-72 were the "workhorses" of the tank forces and, first of all, they were planned as a cheap way to crush the enemy, regardless of losses in equipment.

Tank T-80, another example of domestic tank building

After the start of production of the T-72B, the management immediately issued an order to carry out a deep modernization of machines of this line. To increase the firepower, a 1A45 Irtysh fire control complex was installed. Before that, it was used only on T-80 tanks.

As a means of countering enemy ATGMs, they installed KOEP (Optical-Electronic Suppression Complex) "Shtora", which gave the tanks equipped with them an infernal look.

Vladimir Potkin. Chief Designer T-90

In 1989, numerous field tests began. They were held throughout the entire USSR. The tank underwent the toughest test in Central Asia. Sand, mud and heat are some of the most dangerous opponents for vehicles.

All tests were completed in 1992. Almost immediately, the production of the machine began, which was given the name - T-90. This tank also has another name - "Vladimir". In honor of chief designer Vladimir Potkin, who tragically died of a heart attack in 1989.

Since 2011, tanks of this series have ceased to be purchased by the Russian armed forces.

Description TTX T-90

The tank is not unique in its design and arrangement of internal components. The internal space is conventionally divided into three compartments.

At the rear of the body is the MTO (Engine compartment). In the middle there is a fighting compartment with places for the tank commander and gunner. The first is to the left, the second is to the right of the gun.

At the front of the machine is the control compartment. There are the controls for the armored vehicle and the driver's seat.

Security

The entire tank is made of composite armor. The armor plates are connected by welding. The front frontal part is made according to the sandwich principle and consists of several layers.

For additional protection, dynamic protection is attached to the outside of the case. In the latest modifications, it is "Relic". Installation of "Curtains-1" is provided. There is a system for setting up a smoke screen.

Armament and FCS

A 125-mm smoothbore gun is installed in the front of the turret, capable of striking targets at a distance of up to 5 km. To increase the efficiency of firing, the installation of a modern fire control system "Kalina" is envisaged.

There is a two-plane stabilizer that allows hitting targets without reducing the speed of the tank. Thermal imagers are used at night or in low visibility conditions.

The ammunition rack is located in the central part of the tank. Some of the shells are stored in the automatic loader and are ready for immediate use, the rest are in niches. The total number of shots is 43.

The composition of the BC includes: sub-caliber, high-explosive fragmentation, caliber shells. Controlled analogs stand separately. They can rightfully be called a feature of Soviet and Russian tank building. In the West, such systems appeared only in the 90s.

In the twin with the cannon there is a 7.62 mm PKT machine gun. Its ammunition load is designed for 2 thousand rounds. For anti-aircraft fire, a large-caliber 12.7-mm machine gun "Utes" or "Kord » ... They can be controlled remotely without leaving the fighting compartment.

Mobility

The first versions of the T-90 were equipped with a four-stroke diesel engine with 12 cylinders. Its power did not exceed 840 hp. Subsequently, on later modifications, a new power plant was installed with a turbocharger and boosted to 1000 hp.

For its characteristics, the T-90 received the nickname "Flying Tank".

The dynamics of the tank is at an acceptable level, and its weight and acceleration speed became the reason for giving it the nickname “Flying Tank”. The maximum fuel consumption of the T-90 tank was 450 liters for every 100 km of off-road run. The suspension of the T-90 is almost completely similar to the T-72, but with less weight.

Prospects for modernization

At its core, the T-90 tank is already an upgrade of the T-72. Yes, they changed the OMS on it, installed a different engine, changed the gun and added modern dynamic protection. But the base remained the same, and the same T-72B3 is not much worse than the latest T 90 variants, whose fuel consumption was much higher. Modernization reached its climax and rested against the ceiling. This does not allow counting on further work in this direction.

It is because of such a dead end that the T-14 Armata is being actively tested. It can be called a new round of domestic tank building. The crew in an armored capsule, a decent control system, a high-power engine - all this allows us to call this platform the tank of the future. The picture is spoiled by only one fact: all these developments were already partially used in the USSR.

Tactical and technical characteristics (TTX) of the T-90 tank

In Wikipedia about the T-90 the following characteristics are indicated.

Dimensions and weight:

Tank T-90 - technical characteristics of mobility:

Armament:

T-90 - security characteristics:

Positive and negative qualities

high mobility;
reliable engine and chassis;
small dimensions (a controversial plus, modern guidance means level it out.);
the ability to fire ATGMs from a gun;
acceptable level of security.

low reverse speed;
the crew of the T 90 tank consists of three people, close to the ammunition rack and tanks with fuel;
the first T-90s were equipped with an outdated MSA.

Modifications

	T-90S	Export option
	T-90SK	Commanding variant of the T-90s
	T-90K	Commanding variant of the linear T-90
	T 90 A	An upgraded version of the standard tank. Features a welded turret, a new AZ and a power plant
	T-90AK	Commanding variant of T-90A
	T-90AS	Export version of the T-90A
	T-90AX	Commanding viriant of the previous vehicle
	T-90AM	The latest modification is the T-90 (export version t 90). Its distinctive features are described in the article.

Video about T-90

A modern army cannot exist without constant renewal of military equipment and weapons. This statement also applies to heavy armored vehicles. Despite experts' forecasts that in the near future tanks will disappear altogether from the battlefields, at the moment they play, at times, a decisive role in armed confrontations. A vivid example is the war in Iraq, when precisely due to the firepower and mobility of its tank units, the US army was able to rapidly advance from the country's borders to its capital.

Russia has the most advanced technologies in the development of space, but what can its army oppose in a ground confrontation? Quite often in various media you can find critical statements that the T-90 tank in its current form does not meet the requirements for a modern combat vehicle. The Germans believe that their modern "Leopard" is the best in the world and there is no equal to it in the confrontation, and even more so the Russian T-90 is not a competitor to it. Unfortunately, not only the Germans claim that our tank is morally and technically outdated, this was also stated by Alexander Postnikov, the commander-in-chief of the Russian Ground Forces. In his statement in early March, he spoke in an extremely dismissive manner about the technical data of the tank, which has nothing modern, and in reality it is just another modification of the Soviet T-72, which was created back in 1973. Of course, such words, and even from the lips of a high-ranking official, give reason for reflection, is the T-90 so good against the background of foreign models of similar military equipment? To get an answer, consider the basic data of the T-90 and the German "Leopard", as one of the main competitors.

Tank protection
T-90 possesses sharply differentiated projectile armor protection. The main material used for the manufacture of the tank hull is armor steel. To protect the frontal part of the turret, as well as the frontal plate of the hull, multilayer composite armor is used. The shape of the vehicle's armored body and its layout have not changed much compared to the T-72, but the protection has increased in comparison with its predecessor due to the use of modern composite armor. The exact details of the booking remain classified. The armor resistance against shelling by sub-caliber armor-piercing feathered projectiles, taking into account the built-in modern dynamic protection, is estimated as equivalent to 800-830 mm of armor steel. The durability of the armor of the hull and turret when fired with cumulative ammunition is estimated at 1150-1350 mm. The indicated data refer to the maximum level of reservation, namely the frontal part of the hull and turret, but the tank also has weakened zones: the section of the driver's viewing device, as well as sections of the turret on the sides of the gun embrasure. In addition to traditional armor and reactive armor, the tank is equipped with an active protection system, which consists of a modern Shtora-1 electronic-optical suppression system. The main purpose of the complex is to protect against damage by anti-tank guided missiles. It includes an electronic-optical suppression station and a system for installing external camouflage curtains.

"Leopard"unlike the T-90, it has a much lower degree of protection. First of all, this is due to the requirement of the army leadership in terms of maintaining the total weight at the level of 50 tons. An increase in the level of protection was achieved through the use of modern welded structures of the tower and hull with the use of multilayer armor, as well as a set of improved structural and layout measures. Due to the weakening of the armor level of the roof of the hull and turret, as well as the sides, the thickness of the armor on the frontal fragments was increased. The upper frontal plate of the tank hull has a significant angle of inclination (81 °), the tower is made in a wedge-shaped shape. The frontal armor provides the equivalent of sheet armor of about 1000 mm when fired with cumulative ammunition and 700 mm when firing with armor-piercing sub-caliber ammunition. The tank is equipped with a high-speed automatic NPO complex, smoke grenade launchers, the charges of which are painted with special dyes. One of the recognized advantages is the high degree of protection of the crew when armor is damaged. This is due to the fact that the ammunition and fuel are reliably isolated from the crew. The combat stowage is equipped with folding plates that bring the explosion energy out. A number of elements used in the construction also serve as additional protection. Fuel tanks are located in the front, the most protected part of the fenders, which reduces the likelihood of hitting the driver-mechanic when firing from the sides. The sides of the hull are additionally protected by rubber screens, reinforced with armor plates.

Armament
The main armament of the Russian T-90 is a smoothbore 125-mm cannon 2A46M with a barrel length of 48 calibers / 6000 mm, which is located in the frontal part of the tower in a coaxial mount with a large-caliber machine gun on trunnions and stabilized in two parallel planes by the 2E42-4 "Jasmine" system. The gun is equipped with an automatic loader and has the ability to fire guided weapons. When firing with armor-piercing cumulative and sub-caliber ammunition, the maximum sighting range is 4000 m, guided missile ammunition - 5000 m, high-explosive fragmentation ammunition - up to 10 000 m. In addition to the widely used artillery weapons, the tank has the ability to fire anti-tank guided missiles of the 9M119M system. The missiles are launched using the main weapon, the missiles are guided by a laser beam in manual or semi-automatic mode. The guided weapon system allows you to fire with the probability of hitting a target close to one at moving at a speed of up to 70 km / h or stationary targets at a distance of 100 to 5000 m, in a static position of the tank or in motion at a speed of no more than 30 km / h. To conduct aimed fire in poor visibility conditions and at night, the tank uses the Essa sight, into which the Catherine-FC thermal imaging camera is integrated. The sighting system consists of a thermal imaging camera, which is stabilized in two planes. With the help of the camera, the tank commander and gunner can constantly monitor the terrain from separate screens, as well as carry out precise control of weapons using a standard fire control system.

The main weapons "Leopard" is a 120 mm smoothbore gun. Barrel length 5520 mm. Sighting range: in static position - 3,500 m, in motion - 2,500 m. The main sight is the EMES-12, which was specially developed for this tank model by Zeiss. The sight consists of built-in laser and stereoscopic rangefinders. The combination of two different rangefinders improves the accuracy and reliability of measuring the distance to the target. As an auxiliary equipment, the gunner can use a monocular periscope sight of the model - TZF-1A. The tank commander has a PERI-R-12 model panoramic periscope sight, in which the line of sight is stabilized. The tank commander has the ability to independently direct the gun, for which the synchronization mechanism of the axis of the gun barrel and the optical axis of the sight is used. For observation in poor visibility conditions and at night, observation devices with optoelectronic amplifiers and active IR night observation devices are used. Fire control systems of the FLER-H computer generate data for firing taking into account the distance to the target, atmospheric conditions, the spatial position of the tank, the type of ammunition. For accurate aiming, the gunner only needs to select a target and place a marker on it. A special sensor is used to detect camouflaged targets, which reacts to their thermal radiation.

Power units
On the T-90 a diesel engine with a capacity of 840 hp was installed (on some modifications the engine power was increased to 1000 hp), a liquid-cooled V-84MS. These diesels are truly multi-fuel and can run not only on diesel fuel, but also on kerosene and gasoline, and without losing power. Special bellows are installed on the V-84MS collectors, which allow mixing exhaust gases with air, which not only improves the temperature regime for reliable operation of the collectors, but also reduces the thermal visibility of the tank.

Power point "Leopard" combined into a single construction complex. The engine in the engine compartment is located along the body of the tank, and a fire-resistant partition is placed between the compartment itself and the fighting compartment. The tank is equipped with a multi-fuel V-shaped 12-cylinder four-stroke diesel engine MB 873 with a capacity of 1500 hp.

Outcome
The characteristics listed above allow for a small comparison between the widely advertised German Leopard and the Russian T-90. Obviously, in terms of protection and armament, our tank is much superior to the main German tank. The only thing the T-90 loses in is in the power plant. This is due not only to the power advantage, but also to the amount of time required to replace the engine. So, when repairing a T-90, mechanics will need about 6 hours to replace it, and in a German tank 15 minutes are enough for this.

The advantage of the Russian tank is obvious, and given the fact that the T-90 can aim fire at a distance of 5000 m, and the Leopard only 3000 m, there is little doubt that the German tank will be able to approach the Russian at all on the battlefield. In commercial terms, the T-90 also looks more attractive, its price is two times lower than the Leopard.

Modern battle tanks of Russia and the world photos, videos, pictures watch online. This article gives an idea of \u200b\u200bthe modern tank fleet. It is based on the principle of classification used in the most authoritative reference book today, but in a slightly modified and improved form. And if the latter in its original form can still be found in the armies of a number of countries, others have already become a museum exhibit. And only for 10 years! The authors considered it unfair to follow in the footsteps of the Jane’s reference book and not consider this combat vehicle (very interesting in design and fiercely discussed at the time), which formed the basis of the tank fleet of the last quarter of the 20th century.

Films about tanks where there is still no alternative to this type of weapons for the ground forces. The tank was and probably will remain a modern weapon for a long time due to the ability to combine such seemingly contradictory qualities as high mobility, powerful weapons and reliable crew protection. These unique qualities of tanks continue to be constantly improved, and the experience and technologies accumulated over the decades predetermine new frontiers of combat properties and achievements of the military-technical level. In the eternal confrontation "projectile - armor", as practice shows, protection from a projectile is more and more improved, acquiring new qualities: activity, multi-layered, self-defense. At the same time, the projectile becomes more accurate and powerful.

Russian tanks are specific in that they can destroy the enemy from a safe distance for themselves, have the ability to make quick maneuvers on off-road, contaminated terrain, can “walk” through the territory occupied by the enemy, capture a decisive bridgehead, panic in the rear and suppress the enemy with fire and tracks ... The war of 1939-1945 became the most difficult test for all mankind, since almost all countries of the world were involved in it. It was the Battle of the Titans, the most unique period debated by theorists in the early 1930s, during which tanks were used in large numbers by almost all warring parties. At this time, there was a "test for lice" and a deep reform of the first theories of the use of tank troops. And it is the Soviet tank forces that are most affected by all of this.

Tanks in battle that became a symbol of the past war, the backbone of the Soviet armored forces? Who and under what conditions created them? How could the USSR, having lost most of its European territories and having difficulty gaining tanks for the defense of Moscow, was able to release powerful tank formations on the battlefields already in 1943? This book, which tells about the development of Soviet tanks "during the test days, is intended to answer these questions. ", from 1937 to early 1943. When writing the book, materials from Russian archives and private collections of tank builders were used. There was a period in our history that was deposited in my memory with a kind of oppressive feeling. It began with the return of our first military advisers from Spain, and stopped only at the beginning of 1943, - said L. Gorlitsky, the former general designer of the self-propelled guns, - there was a pre-storm condition.

Tanks of the Second World War, it was M. Koshkin, almost clandestinely (but, of course, with the support of "the wisest of the wise leader of all nations"), was able to create that tank that a few years later would shock German tank generals. And not only that, he did not just create it, the designer managed to prove to these foolish military men that it was his T-34 that they needed, and not another wheeled-caterpillar "motorway. The author is in slightly different positions that he formed after meeting the pre-war Therefore, while working on this segment of the history of the Soviet tank, the author will inevitably contradict something “generally accepted.” This work describes the history of Soviet tank building in the most difficult years - from the beginning of a radical restructuring of the entire activity of design bureaus and people's commissariats in general, during a fierce race to equip new tank formations of the Red Army, transfer industry to wartime rails and evacuate.

Tanks Wikipedia the author would like to express his special gratitude for the help in the selection and processing of materials to M. Kolomiets, and also to thank A. Solyankin, I. Zheltov and M. Pavlov, - authors of the reference edition "Domestic armored vehicles. XX century. 1905 - 1941" since this book has helped to understand the fate of some projects, unclear before. I would also like to recall with gratitude those conversations with Lev Izraelevich Gorlitsky, the former Chief Designer of UZTM, which helped to take a fresh look at the entire history of the Soviet tank during the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union. For some reason, it is customary for us today to talk about 1937-1938. only from the point of view of repression, but few people remember that it was during this period that those tanks were born that became legends of the wartime ... "From the memoirs of LI Gorlinky.

Soviet tanks a detailed assessment of them at that time sounded from many lips. Many old people recalled that it was from the events in Spain that it became clear to everyone that the war was getting closer and closer to the threshold and it was with Hitler that they would have to fight. In 1937, mass purges and repressions began in the USSR, and against the background of these difficult events, the Soviet tank began to transform from a "mechanized cavalry" (in which one of its combat qualities was protruded by reducing others) into a balanced combat vehicle with powerful weapons at the same time. sufficient to suppress most targets, good maneuverability and mobility with armor protection, capable of maintaining its combat effectiveness when fired by the most massive anti-tank weapons of a potential enemy.

Large tanks were recommended to be added to the composition in addition only special tanks - amphibious, chemical. The brigade now had 4 separate battalions of 54 tanks each and was reinforced by switching from three-tank platoons to five-tank platoons. In addition, D. Pavlov substantiated the refusal to form three more mechanized corps in 1938 to the four existing mechanized corps, believing that these formations are immobile and difficult to control, and most importantly, they require a different organization of rear services. The tactical and technical requirements for promising tanks, as expected, were adjusted. In particular, in a letter dated December 23 to the head of the design bureau of the plant № 185 named. CM. Kirov's new chief demanded to strengthen the booking of new tanks so that at a distance of 600-800 meters (effective range).

The latest tanks in the world when designing new tanks, it is necessary to provide for the possibility of increasing the level of armor protection during modernization by at least one step ... "This task could be solved in two ways. Firstly, by increasing the thickness of armor plates and, secondly, using increased armor resistance. "It is easy to guess that the second way was considered more promising, since the use of specially strengthened armor plates, or even double-layer armor, could, while maintaining the same thickness (and the mass of the tank as a whole), raise its durability by 1.2-1.5 It was this path (the use of especially hardened armor) that was chosen at that moment to create new types of tanks.

Tanks of the USSR at the dawn of tank production, armor was most widely used, the properties of which were identical in all directions. Such armor was called homogeneous (homogeneous), and from the very beginning of armoring, the craftsmen strove to create just such armor, because uniformity provided stability of characteristics and simplified processing. However, at the end of the 19th century, it was noticed that when the surface of the armor plate was saturated (to a depth of several tenths to several millimeters) with carbon and silicon, its surface strength sharply increased, while the rest of the plate remained viscous. So heterogeneous (heterogeneous) armor came into use.

Military tanks, the use of heterogeneous armor was very important, since an increase in the hardness of the entire thickness of the armor plate led to a decrease in its elasticity and (as a consequence) to an increase in fragility. Thus, the most durable armor, all other things being equal, turned out to be very fragile and often pricked even from the explosions of high-explosive fragmentation shells. Therefore, at the dawn of armor production in the manufacture of homogeneous sheets, the task of the metallurgist was to achieve the maximum possible hardness of the armor, but at the same time not to lose its elasticity. Surface-strengthened by saturation with carbon and silicon, the armor was called cemented (cemented) and was considered at that time a panacea for many ills. But carburizing is a complex, harmful process (for example, processing a hot plate with a jet of lighting gas) and relatively expensive, and therefore its development in a series required high costs and an increase in production culture.

Tanks of the war years, even in operation, these hulls were less successful than homogeneous ones, since for no apparent reason cracks formed in them (mainly in loaded seams), and it was very difficult to patch holes in cemented slabs during repairs. Still, it was expected that the tank, protected by 15-20 mm cemented armor, would be equivalent in level of protection to the same, but covered with 22-30 mm plates, without a significant increase in mass.
Also, by the mid-1930s, tank building had learned to harden the surface of relatively thin armor plates by uneven hardening, known since the end of the 19th century in shipbuilding as the "Krupp method". Surface hardening led to a significant increase in the hardness of the face of the sheet, leaving the main thickness of the armor tough.

How tanks shoot video to half the thickness of the slab, which was, of course, worse than carburizing, since despite the fact that the hardness of the surface layer was higher than during carburizing, the elasticity of the hull sheets was significantly reduced. So the "Krupp method" in tank building made it possible to increase the strength of armor even slightly more than cementation. But the hardening technology that was used for thick sea armor was no longer suitable for the relatively thin armor of tanks. Before the war, this method was almost never used in our serial tank building due to technological difficulties and relatively high cost.

The most advanced use of tanks for tanks was the 45-mm tank gun model 1932/34. (20K), and before the event in Spain it was believed that its power was quite enough to perform most tank tasks. But the battles in Spain showed that the 45-mm gun can only satisfy the task of fighting enemy tanks, since even shelling manpower in the mountains and forests turned out to be ineffective, and it was only possible to disable a dug-out enemy firing point only in case of a direct hit ... Shooting at shelters and bunkers was ineffective due to the small high-explosive effect of a projectile weighing only about two kg.

Types of tanks photo so that even one hit of a projectile will reliably disable an anti-tank gun or machine gun; and thirdly, to increase the penetrating effect of a tank gun on the armor of a potential enemy, since by the example of French tanks (already having an armor thickness of about 40-42 mm) it became clear that the armor protection of foreign combat vehicles tends to be significantly enhanced. For this, there was the right way - increasing the caliber of tank guns and simultaneously increasing the length of their barrel, since a longer gun of a larger caliber fires heavier projectiles with a higher initial velocity over a greater distance without correcting the aiming.

The best tanks in the world had a large-caliber cannon, also had a large breech, significantly more weight and an increased recoil response. And this required an increase in the mass of the entire tank as a whole. In addition, the placement of large rounds in a closed volume of the tank led to a decrease in the ammunition load.
The situation was aggravated by the fact that at the beginning of 1938 it suddenly turned out that there was simply no one to give an order for the design of a new, more powerful tank gun. P. Syachintov and his entire design group were repressed, as well as the core of the Bolshevik Design Bureau under the leadership of G. Magdesiev. Only the group of S. Makhanov remained free, who from the beginning of 1935 tried to bring his new 76.2-mm semi-automatic single gun L-10, and the staff of plant No. 8 slowly brought the "forty-five".

Photos of tanks with names The number of developments is large, but in mass production in the period 1933-1937. not a single one was adopted ... "Indeed, none of the five air-cooled tank diesel engines, which were worked on in 1933-1937 in the engine department of plant No. 185, was brought to a series. the upper levels of the transition in tank building exclusively to diesel engines, this process was restrained by a number of factors. Of course, diesel had significant economy. It consumed less fuel per unit of power per hour. Diesel fuel is less prone to combustion, since the flash point of its vapor was very high.

New tanks video even the most advanced of them, the MT-5 tank engine, required a reorganization of the engine production for serial production, which was expressed in the construction of new workshops, the supply of advanced foreign equipment (there were no machines of the required accuracy yet), financial investments and staff strengthening. It was planned that in 1939 this diesel with a capacity of 180 hp. will go to production tanks and artillery tractors, but due to investigative work to find out the causes of tank engine accidents, which lasted from April to November 1938, these plans were not fulfilled. The development of a slightly increased six-cylinder gasoline engine No. 745 with a capacity of 130-150 hp was also started.

The brands of tanks are specific indicators that are quite suitable for tank builders. Tests of tanks were carried out according to a new method, specially developed at the insistence of the new chief of ABTU D. Pavlov in relation to military service in wartime. The test was based on a 3-4-day run (at least 10-12 hours of daily non-stop traffic) with a one-day break for technical inspection and restoration work. Moreover, repairs were allowed to be carried out only by the forces of field workshops without the involvement of factory specialists. This was followed by a "platform" with obstacles, "swimming" in the water with an additional load simulating an infantry landing, after which the tank was sent for inspection.

Super tanks online, after work on improvement, seemed to remove all claims from the tanks. And the general course of the tests confirmed the fundamental correctness of the main design changes - an increase in displacement by 450-600 kg, the use of the GAZ-M1 engine, as well as the transmission and suspension of the Komsomolets. But during the tests in the tanks, numerous minor defects appeared again. Chief designer N. Astrov was suspended from work and was in custody and investigation for several months. In addition, the tank received a new turret with improved protection. The modified layout made it possible to place on the tank a larger ammunition load for a machine gun and two small fire extinguishers (before, there were no fire extinguishers on small Red Army tanks).

US tanks as part of modernization work, on one production model of the tank in 1938-1939. The torsion bar suspension developed by V. Kulikov, designer of the design bureau of plant No. 185, was tested. It was distinguished by the design of a composite short coaxial torsion bar (long mono-torsion bars could not be used coaxially). However, such a short torsion bar showed insufficiently good results in tests, and therefore the torsion bar suspension did not immediately make its way in the course of further work. Overcoming obstacles: climbs not less than 40 degrees, vertical wall 0.7 m, overlapped ditch 2-2.5 m. "

YouTube about tanks work on the manufacture of prototypes of the D-180 and D-200 engines for reconnaissance tanks is not being conducted, jeopardizing the production of prototypes. "Justifying his choice, N. Astrov said that the wheeled-tracked non-floating reconnaissance aircraft (factory designation 101 or 10-1), as well as the variant of the amphibious tank (factory designation 102 or 10-2), are a compromise solution, since it is not possible to fully satisfy the requirements of ABTU.Variant 101 was a tank weighing 7.5 tons with a hull by hull type, but with vertical side plates of cemented armor with a thickness of 10-13 mm, since: "Inclined sides, causing a serious weighting of the suspension and hull, require significant (up to 300 mm) broadening of the hull, not to mention the complication of the tank.

Video reviews of tanks in which the power unit of the tank was planned to be based on the 250-horsepower MG-31F aircraft engine, which was mastered by the industry for agricultural aircraft and gyroplanes. Grade 1 gasoline was placed in the tank under the floor of the fighting compartment and in additional onboard gas tanks. The armament fully corresponded to the task and consisted of coaxial machine guns DK of 12.7 mm caliber and DT (in the second version of the project even ShKAS is listed) of 7.62 mm caliber. The combat weight of the tank with a torsion bar suspension was 5.2 tons, with a spring suspension - 5.26 tons. The tests were carried out from July 9 to August 21 according to the method approved in 1938, with special attention paid to tanks.

The weight of the tank ranges from 26 to 188 tons, depending on the thickness of the armor and the nature of the combat equipment.

Tank - armored tracked vehicle with cannon armament. There are two groups of tanks:

The weight of the tank ranges from 26 to 188 tons.

Combat (main)... The main characteristics of such models are impressive firepower, high resistance to breakage and excellent travel speed.
Lungs... They are used as rapid reaction weapons and for reconnaissance purposes. As a rule, such vehicles have less power and thicker protective armor. Light tank models can be transported to their destinations by water, air or rail.

Let's compare the mass of several models of combat vehicles.

How much does the T-90 tank weigh?

The model is an improved version of the T-72 tank. It has high combat and technical characteristics that allow it to withstand battles in any climatic conditions.

The weight of the T-90 tank is 46.5 tons.

The weight of the T-90 tank is 46.5 tons. The combat vehicle is equipped with a 125-mm launcher designed to engage targets of all types, as well as an aiming system and a thermal imager. The tank has a high rate of fire, excellent speed (60 km), and the crew includes three people.

How much does the T-34 tank weigh?

The T-34 is a real military legend. The production of the first "thirty-fours" began in 1940, and by the beginning of 1941 the USSR had about 1225 pieces of equipment in service. The T-34 tank changed and improved its technical characteristics several times during the war years. Therefore, the weight in different years of production was also not the same:

Issue of 1940 - 26.3 tons
Issue of 1941 - 28 tons
Issue of 1942 - 28.5 tons
Issue of 1943 - 30.9 tons

In this case, in the total mass of the combat vehicle, the weight of the tracks is about 1150 kg. When comparing the weight of the battle turret of a 1940 and 1942 tank, a tendency to increase is noticeable - from 3200 to 3900 kg. The crew of the T-34 includes a radio operator, a driver, a loader and a commander.

The Maus tank was created in 1943 and weighed about 188 tons. This is a real "heavyweight" of the German tank building, the length of the gun which reached 2.5m. And the total length of the combat "Mouse" was about 11.5 m! The vehicle's ammunition consisted of two twin cannons (128 mm and 75 mm). The volume of the Mausa fuel tank is 2650 liters. The number of crew members is five people.

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Despite the impressive size and weight of the Maus tank, numerous instruments and parts occupied almost all the free space inside. So the crew of the combat vehicle had to be accommodated "on a leftover principle."

Based on the results of field tests, "Maus" achieved good performance: speed of 20 km / h, overcoming an ascent, a vertical obstacle 76 cm high at an angle of 30 degrees, crossing a water trench 2 m wide.

True, all the efforts spent on creating and improving the types of this model were in vain. At the end of 1944, by order of Hitler, work on heavy tanks was stopped, and in the spring of 1945, prototypes of the 205 type were prepared for the defense of the test site in case of capture by the Red Army. After the war, two surviving Type 205 tanks were transported to Leningrad, and from there to the Kubinka tank range.

How much does the AT-2 tank weigh?

The World of Tanks game is a great opportunity to control tanks and other military equipment at least "virtually". The AT 2 tank is a tier 5 combat unit of the British development tree (tank destroyer class).

General characteristics of the "combat monster": weight 44 tons, 57 mm gun, 26 rounds per minute, speed 20 km / h. The crew consists of four people. The tank can be used to push through flanks with enemy units. However, in this case, you should take care of your cover from the allies. The accuracy of the AT 2 gun is low, so the use of the tank for long-range attacks is not recommended.

The weight of the AT-2 tank is 44 tons.

Now you know how much the tank weighs, and as you can see, its weight depends on the modification. In addition, to determine the weight of the tank, it is not necessary to weigh it, but it is enough to calculate the mass, taking into account the density of the metal and the weight of the combat equipment.