Combat activity. Lesson “Types of military activity. Features of military service. And military outfits

The activity of a serviceman is primarily due to his belonging to the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Each soldier is a member of that large group of people, which is united under the concept of "Armed Forces", and, therefore, all his activities should be aimed at ensuring those functions and tasks for which they are created.

In accordance with the Federal Law "On Defense", the Armed Forces are designed to repel aggression directed against the Russian Federation, for the armed protection of the integrity and inviolability of the territory, as well as to perform tasks in accordance with international treaties.

Acting within the framework determined by the mission of the Russian Armed Forces, a soldier must be ready to perform his duties, which may include:

Participation in hostilities, performing tasks in a state of emergency and martial law, in conditions of armed conflicts;
- performance of official duties in everyday life;
- carrying out combat duty, combat service, serving in a garrison dress, performing duties as part of a daily dress;
- participation in exercises or cruises of ships;
- execution of orders given by the commander or chief. All kinds military activity a serviceman must first of all contribute to maintaining a high level of combat readiness and combat capability of the unit in which he is doing military service.

Based on this, there are three main elements of military activity: combat training, service and combat activity, and real combat operations.

Combat training

Combat training is a system of measures for training and military education of personnel of units and subunits, combat coordination of units and subunits to prepare them for the conduct of hostilities or for performing other tasks determined by the mission of the Armed Forces. Combat training is primarily aimed at ensuring a high level of combat capability of units and subunits. (Combat efficiency is the ability of troops to conduct hostilities and carry out combat missions according to their purpose; combat effectiveness depends on the manning level, combat training and morale and combat qualities of the personnel of units and subunits.)

Combat training is designed to ensure a high military professional level of personnel of units and subunits. It is carried out continuously both in peaceful and war time

In the course of combat training, classes, exercises, live firing, trainings are held, during which servicemen study military regulations, weapons and military equipment, methods of action in battle, and subunits and units practice methods of action when performing combat missions.

Combat training has a number of features. It has a clearly pronounced collective focus and is organized in such a way that during the course of training, individual servicemen are simultaneously trained and military units are being prepared for joint actions.

Combat training is basically a practical training aimed at mastering weapons and military equipment by personnel and skillfully using them in battle to ensure superiority over the enemy.

Thus, the bulk of combat training is made up of exercises that include multiple repetitions of actions aimed at practicing actions with weapons and military equipment and skillful use of them. tactical and technical characteristics in battle.

Military activity is mainly activity in a team (calculation, crew, department). Consequently, trainings are conducted both individually and as part of the fighting compartment to work out combat coordination.

The highest form training in units and subunits are exercises in which methods of using weapons and military equipment in battle, combat coordination of subunits and ensuring combat operations are practiced. The exercises are conducted in any weather, on real terrain, with standard weapons and equipment, in an environment close to combat.

In order to maintain constant combat readiness of weapons and military equipment in the units, park-economic days and days of routine maintenance are planned, during which inspections and maintenance of weapons and military equipment are carried out, as well as work on the improvement of parks (a park is an area equipped for storage, maintenance and repair of military equipment), military camps, etc.

The content of combat training is determined by curricula and programs. One of the basic principles of organizing combat training is to teach troops what is necessary in war. Therefore, the fulfillment of the tasks of combat training requires from each serviceman a high level of spiritual and physical qualities, and the mastery of all elements of military activity requires mental stability and physical endurance.

Service and combat activities

Service and combat activities are aimed primarily at ensuring a high level of combat readiness of subunits and units, that is, the ability of troops to begin military operations on time in any conditions. The level of combat readiness in peacetime should ensure a quick transition of troops to martial law and an orderly entry into hostilities, and in wartime - the ability to immediately perform assigned combat missions.

Service and combat activities include: alert duty, guard and internal service.

Alert duty is the presence of specially allocated forces and assets in full combat readiness to carry out unexpected tasks or conduct combat operations.

Alert duty is the fulfillment of a combat mission. It is carried out by duty forces and means assigned from military units and subunits. The duty forces and assets include combat crews, ship crews, duty shifts of control points, etc.

The preparation of personnel for combat duty is carried out as part of subunits, combat crews, duty shifts before each entry on combat duty.

Servicemen who have not been sworn in to the Military Oath, who have not mastered the combat training program, who have committed offenses under investigation, and who are sick are not assigned to combat duty.

To ensure the required degree of combat readiness, a number of restrictions and prohibitions in their behavior are imposed on the personnel on duty.

So, for example, the personnel of the shift on duty, while on alert, are prohibited from: transferring the performance of their duties on carrying out alert duty; to be distracted by activities not related to the fulfillment of duties on carrying out combat duty; leave a combat post without permission; carry out in service and military equipment works that reduce their established availability.

The sentry service is intended for reliable protection and defense of battle flags, storage facilities with weapons, military equipment, and other material means.

Guard duty is the fulfillment of a combat mission and requires high vigilance from personnel, exact observance and performance of their duties, determination and initiative.

Those guilty of violating the requirements of the guard duty are subject to disciplinary or criminal liability.

Guards are assigned to carry out guard duty. A guard is an armed unit assigned to carry out a combat mission of protecting and defending battle flags, military and state facilities.

The composition of the guard includes: the chief of the guard, the guards according to the number of posts and shifts, the breeder. For the direct protection and defense of objects from the guard, sentries are posted.

Sentinels are appointed, as a rule, from among the soldiers (sailors) who have been sworn in to the Military Oath, who have mastered the appropriate combat training programs and are ready, in terms of their moral and psychological qualities, to carry out guard duty.

Internal service is a daily service activity in military units and subunits. It is organized and carried out in accordance with the Charter of the Internal Service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and is intended to maintain internal order and military discipline in the military unit, ensuring its constant combat readiness.

Combat training and service and combat activities of military personnel, subunits and units in aggregate ensure the necessary level of combat capability of troops and the degree of their combat readiness, i.e., the ability at any time of the year and day, in any conditions, to be ready to fulfill their duty to protect Fatherland... Let us repeat once more: all military activity is aimed at preparing each serviceman, subunit and unit to conduct real combat operations.

Real fighting

Real combat operations are the type of military activity for which the Armed Forces are created and their combat training and service and combat activities are carried out. Real combat operations are military activities carried out directly in combat conditions and aimed at defeating the enemy.

From ancient times to the appearance firearms the battle was a hand-to-hand combat of soldiers armed with melee weapons. With the development and improvement of firearms, fire from firearms gradually became the most important element of combat. A further increase in the rate of fire, range and accuracy of fire of weapons, equipping troops with artillery, tanks and aviation led to the fact that success on the battlefield began to be achieved by coordinated efforts of all branches of the military. The main features modern combat maneuverability, dynamism, rapid and abrupt changes in the situation, uneven development along the front and in depth, increased moral, psychological and physical stress of the personnel. Modern combat requires firmness, initiative and discipline from every serviceman.

The strongest effect on a person in battle is the danger that is perceived as a threat to life. Therefore, a special place during the battle is played by a person's ability to control his feelings, emotions and states, the ability to control his behavior and activities. Armed confrontation requires from a person not only high physical qualities, but also spiritual and moral ones. The history of war knows many examples when the outcome of a battle was decided not by superiority in manpower and equipment, but by moral psychological readiness personnel to the end to fulfill their military duty.

A vivid confirmation of the above is the heroic defense of the Brest Fortress (June 22 - July 20, 1941). Built in the nineteenth century, the fortress lost its military significance by the middle of the twentieth century and was used to quarter units of the Red Army. The sudden attack of the Nazis at dawn put the garrison of the fortress (about 3.5 thousand people) in an extremely difficult position. Surrounded by the enemy, in an acute shortage, and then lack of ammunition, medicine, food and water, the defenders of the fortress held back the repeated violent attacks of superior enemy forces - the entire Wehrmacht division with reinforcement units attached to it. Methodically, the Nazis fired artillery and bombed the fortress. But ours held on. “The Russians in Brest-Litovsk fought extremely stubbornly and persistently. They showed excellent training of the infantry and remarkable will to fight, ”- was said in the battle report of the Hitlerite commander. Hunger, thirst, bleeding wounds completely depleted the forces of Soviet soldiers. At times, only the bayonet and butt were their only weapons. Only gradually did the Nazis manage to occupy one fortress after another. The last defenders of the fortress went into the underground casemates and continued to inflict damage on the invaders at night. The head of the defense of the fortress in one of its sections, Major P. M. Gavrilov, was left alone without soldiers and on July 23, 1941, he took his last battle with the Nazis. Having struck several Hitlerites with a pistol and the remaining grenades, he was shell-shocked, unconscious, and was taken prisoner. Even ruthless enemies expressed respect for this courageous man. Fortunately, Major Gavrilov survived in captivity and in 1945 returned to his homeland, continued his service in the ranks Soviet army... For the exceptional courage and heroism shown during the defense of the Brest Fortress, he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Each soldier in the process of military activity must constantly strive to develop in himself such qualities as selfless devotion to his people, Motherland, confidence in defeating the enemy, courage, heroism, readiness for self-sacrifice, military comradeship, and mutual assistance in battle. All these qualities are acquired in the process of military service in the performance of all types of military activity.

Suvorov's miraculous heroes showed courage and excellent mutual assistance in battle. So, during the Italian campaign of 1799 in the battle on the Trebbia River, the grenadiers of the Moscow regiment especially distinguished themselves. Surrounded by French infantry, they did not retreat or surrender. The Muscovites fired back in all directions and, desperately throwing themselves at bayonets, broke free of the encirclement. And when Suvorov gave the order to attack and himself led the troops forward, the Moscow grenadiers rushed after their beloved commander. Head-captain Fedorov, having gathered soldiers around him, made his way to the enemy banner, but was killed by a shot in the chest. His soldiers did not stop. The attackers were led by Captain Neradovsky, who also soon died. Then the grenadiers, fierce by the death of their commanders, rushed to the enemy with redoubled forces, knocked them down from their position and nevertheless captured the enemy banner. For this feat, the regiment received a collective award - a banner with a commemorative inscription about combat distinction.

Consider the general types and basic elements of military activity. It is important to note that there are a number of features in military activity, depending on the type or type of troops in which you will have to do military service. In order to better, if such an opportunity presents itself, determine the type or type of troops for military service, where the acquired life experience, certain inclinations and preferences for the type of activity will be more useful, it is necessary to have a clear idea of \u200b\u200bthe structure modern army.

You already know in detail about the branches and types of troops from the course "Fundamentals of Life Safety" for the X class. Once again, we briefly recall what types and types of troops there are in the Armed Forces Russian Federation and what is their main purpose. Perhaps, thanks to this information, you will make a choice, give preference to one or another type, type of troops, where military service will be more effective. (See also insert, photos 20-26.)

In the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in 1998, four types of the Armed Forces were formed:

Strategic Missile Forces (Strategic Missile Forces);
- Ground troops (CB);
- Air Force (Air Force);
- Navy (Navy).

Rocket troops strategic missions include stationary and mobile missile forces. They consist of rocket armies and military units. The Strategic Missile Forces is the main component of the strategic nuclear forces.

Ground troops - the most numerous service of the Armed Forces of Russia. They include motorized rifle, tank, airborne, rocket and artillery troops, troops air defense, as well as special troops (intelligence, engineering, chemical and bacteriological defense, communications, electronic warfare, technical support, topogeodetic, hydrometeorological) and rear.

Ground forces are designed to conduct combat operations primarily on land.

Motorized rifle troops are intended to conduct combat operations independently, as well as jointly with other branches of the military and special forces. In the motorized rifle troops there are motorized rifle, tank, missile, artillery, anti-aircraft missile units and units, as well as units of special forces and rear services.

Modern motorized rifle troops are equipped with powerful weapons: missile systems, infantry fighting vehicles, armored personnel carriers, tanks, artillery and mortars, anti-tank missile systems, anti-aircraft missile systems, effective means of reconnaissance and control.

Tank forces constitute the main striking force of the ground forces. Organizationally, tank forces consist of formations, units and subunits. They also include motorized rifle, missile, artillery, anti-aircraft artillery and missile units and subunits. The armored forces are armed with highly mobile tanks with powerful armor protection and weapons.

Rocket troops and artillery are a kind of ground forces, which is the main means of fire and nuclear defeat enemy.

The Airborne Forces (VDV) are a mobile branch of the armed forces designed to perform combat missions behind enemy lines. They are equipped with modern weapons and military equipment (airborne combat vehicles, airplanes, helicopters, etc.). Organizationally, the Airborne Forces consist of airborne, artillery, self-propelled artillery, special and other units and subunits.

The air defense troops of the ground forces are a branch of troops designed to defeat an air enemy, cover groupings of troops, command posts and rear facilities.

In addition to the combat arms, the ground forces include special troops: signal troops, units and subunits of the rear.

Signal troops are designed to deploy and operate communication systems and provide command and control in all types of combat activities.
Rear service units and subunits are intended for rear support of troops and combat operations.

Air Force - the new kind Armed Forces, created in 1998 by transforming two types of Air Force and Air Defense Forces.

The Air Force is a type of the Russian Armed Forces designed to repel an aerospace attack, gain air supremacy, as well as to deal with shock (destruction of military installations, destruction of enemy personnel and military equipment, etc.), reconnaissance, transport and special missions.

The Air Force includes aviation: bomber, fighter-bomber, assault, fighter, reconnaissance, transport, army and special. The Air Force includes:

anti-aircraft missile troops, radio-technical troops, units and subunits of special forces.

The readiness of the air force units and subunits to conduct combat operations is ensured by the composition of the aviation technical units. These include aviation technical bases and separate aviation maintenance battalions.

Navy intended for the armed protection of the interests of Russia, the conduct of hostilities in the sea and ocean theaters of war.
The Navy consists of the branches of the forces: submarine, surface, naval aviation, marines and coastal defense troops. It also includes parts special purpose, units and subdivisions of the rear.

Submarine forces are the striking force of the fleet. Depending on the main armament, submarines are subdivided into missile and torpedo, and by the type of power plant - into nuclear and diesel-electric.

The main striking force of the Navy is nuclear submarines armed with ballistic and cruise missiles with nuclear charges.

Surface forces are an important part of the Navy. Surface ships are the main forces for ensuring the exit of submarines to the areas of combat operations and their return to bases, for the transportation and cover of assault forces.

Naval aviation - a branch of the Navy, consists of strategic, tactical, carrier-based and coastal aviation.

Marines - a branch of the Navy, designed to conduct combat operations as part of amphibious assault forces.

Coastal Defense Troops are designed to protect naval forces, ports, important coastal areas, etc.

Rear services units and subdivisions are intended for logistics support of the forces and combat operations of the Navy.

Having familiarized yourself with the types of the Armed Forces and types of troops, their purpose, it is also necessary to keep in mind that military duties differ not only depending on the type of Armed Forces or type of troops, but also from the military position.

In the Armed Forces, in accordance with the psychological classification established by the Guidelines for Professional Psychological Selection in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, military positions replaced by soldiers and sailors, sergeants and petty officers are subdivided, taking into account the homogeneity of requirements for the individual psychological qualities of specialists, into seven main classes of similar military positions: command, operator, communications and observation, driver's, special purpose, technological and other military positions.

For a more complete picture of the peculiarities of military activity, let us briefly familiarize ourselves with the main positions recruited by soldiers, sailors, sergeants and foremen in the branches of the Armed Forces by classes of similar military positions (Table 4).

Having familiarized yourself with all the features of military activity, it is necessary to conclude that the performance of duties by servicemen is a specific area of \u200b\u200bhuman activity, which is wide and multifaceted and requires from a young person, before entering military service, a meaningful and balanced approach to assessing their capabilities and organizing their training for military service, taking into account the requirements for spiritual qualities, for the level of education and physical qualities.

Table 4

Types of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

Let us consider a number of official duties of servicemen by service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, which determine the requirements for the level of their professional training.

Operator military positions in the Strategic Missile Forces

Command radio operator. Established military position - operator. The regular military rank is private. The operator performs a set and issuance of commands to control the onboard systems of spacecraft and control the exchange of information between ground-based facilities and space objects.

The operator of the command radio link must know the purpose, structure and operating rules of the radio link equipment, the set and issuance of control commands for the onboard systems of spacecraft, control of information exchange with them and control of command execution.

The operator of the command radio link must have the ability to maintain intense attention for a long time, quickly perceive spoken language, memorize visual and auditory information, maintain high performance and activity under conditions of exposure to extraneous stimuli, be disciplined, executive, organized, and accurate in work.

The purpose of the lesson:To acquaint students with the main types of military activity; to form in them the conviction that all military activity is aimed at preparing each serviceman, subunit and unit to conduct real combat operations.

Time: 45 minutes

Lesson type:combined

Educational and visual complex:textbook OBZH grade 11, General military regulations of the RF Armed Forces

DURING THE CLASSES

I... Introductory part

Organizing time

Control of students' knowledge:

- What does the Military Regulations define?

- Which servicemen are covered by the Military Regulations of the RF Armed Forces?

- What is a formation and what is its purpose?

- What are the responsibilities for commanders and military personnel before the formation and in the ranks?

- What is military discipline?

- What is military discipline based on?

- When and by whom was the Military Regulations of the RF Armed Forces approved?

- What chapters and parts does the Military Regulations of the RF Armed Forces consist of?

Main part

- announcement of the topic and purpose of the lesson

- explanation of new material : § 49, pp. 224-229

The main types of military activity and their features.

The activities of a serviceman are primarily due to his affiliation with the RF Armed Forces. Each serviceman is a member of that large group of people, which is united under the concept of "Armed Forces", and therefore all his activities should be aimed at ensuring those functions and tasks for which they are created.

Federal Law of the Russian Federation "On Defense" - the Armed Forces are designed to repel aggression directed against the Russian Federation, for armed protection of the integrity and inviolability of the territory of the Russian Federation, as well as to perform tasks in accordance with federal constitutional laws, federal laws and international treaties of the Russian Federation.

Acting within the framework determined by the mission of the Russian Armed Forces, a soldier must be ready to perform his duties, which may include:

- participation in hostilities, performing tasks in a state of emergency and martial law, in conditions of armed conflicts;

- performance of official duties in everyday life;

- carrying out combat duty, combat service, serving in a garrison dress, performing duties as part of a daily dress;

- participation in exercises or cruises of ships;

- fulfillment of an order given by a commander or chief.

All types of military activities of a serviceman must first of all contribute to maintaining a high level of combat readiness and combat effectiveness of the unit in which he is doing military service.

Based on this, there are three main elements of military activity: combat training, service and combat activity, and real combat operations.

Combat training.

Combat training -a system of measures for training and military education of personnel of units and subunits, combat coordination of units and subunits to prepare them for conducting combat operations or performing other tasks determined by the mission of the Armed Forces.

Combat training is primarily aimed at ensuring a high level of combat capability of units and subunits. ( Combat capability - this is the ability of troops to conduct combat operations and carry out combat missions in accordance with their purpose; combat effectiveness depends on the manning level, combat training and morale and combat qualities of the personnel of units and subunits).

Combat training is intended to ensure a high military professional level of personnel of units and subunits. It is carried out continuously both in peacetime and in wartime.

In the course of combat training, classes, exercises, live firing, trainings are held, during which servicemen study military regulations, weapons, military equipment, methods of action in battle, and units and units practice methods of action when performing combat missions.

Combat training is basically a practical training aimed at mastering weapons and military equipment by personnel and skillfully using them in battle to ensure superiority over the enemy.

Thus, the main part of combat training is made up of exercises that include multiple repetitions of actions aimed at practicing actions with weapons and military equipment and skillful use of their performance characteristics in battle.

Military activity - it is mainly activity in a team (calculation, crew, department). Consequently, trainings are conducted both individually and as part of a squad to work out combat coordination.

The highest form of training in units and subunits is exercises, which practice the methods of using weapons and military equipment in combat, combat coordination of subunits and support for combat operations. The exercises are conducted in any weather, on real terrain, with standard weapons and equipment, in an environment close to combat.

In order to maintain constant combat readiness of weapons and military equipment, PCBs and days of routine maintenance are planned in the units, during which inspections and maintenance of weapons and military equipment are carried out, as well as work on the improvement of parks and military camps.

The content of combat training is determined by curricula and programs. One of the basic principles of organizing combat training is to teach troops what is necessary in war. Therefore, the fulfillment of the tasks of combat training requires from each soldier a high level of spiritual and physical qualities, and the mastery of all elements of military activity requires mental stability and physical endurance.

Service and combat activities.

The degree of combat readiness in peacetime should ensure a quick transition of troops to martial law and an orderly entry into hostilities, and in wartime - the ability to immediately perform assigned combat missions.

Service and combat activity is aimed primarily at ensuring a high level of combat readiness of subunits and units, that is, the ability of troops to begin military operations on time under any conditions of the situation.

Service and combat activities include: alert duty, guard and internal service.

Combat duty - this is the presence of specially allocated forces and assets in full combat readiness to perform unexpected tasks or conduct hostilities.

Alert duty is the fulfillment of a combat mission. It is carried out by duty forces and means assigned from military units and subunits. The duty forces and means include combat crews, ship crews, duty shifts of control points, etc.

The preparation of personnel for combat duty is carried out as part of subunits, combat crews, duty shifts before each entry on combat duty.

Servicemen are not assigned to combat duty: those who have not taken the military oath, who have not mastered the combat training program, who have committed offenses under investigation, and who are sick.

To ensure the required degree of combat readiness, a number of restrictions and prohibitions in their behavior are imposed on the personnel on duty.

So, for example, the personnel of the shift on duty, while on alert, are prohibited from transferring the execution of their duties on alert duty; to be distracted by activities not related to the performance of duties related to combat duty; leave a combat post without permission; to carry out work on armaments and military equipment that reduces their established readiness.

Guard serviceis intended for reliable protection and defense of battle flags, storage facilities with weapons, military equipment, and other material means.

Guard duty is the fulfillment of a combat mission and requires high vigilance from personnel, precise observance and performance of their duties, determination and initiative. Those guilty of violating the requirements of the guard duty are subject to disciplinary or criminal liability.

Guards are assigned to carry out guard duty. A guard is an armed unit assigned to carry out a combat mission of protecting and defending battle flags, military and state facilities.

The guard includes: chief of the guard, assistant to the chief of the guard, breeders, guards according to the number of posts and shifts, and other persons. For the direct protection and defense of objects from the guard sentinels are posted.

Sentinels are appointed, as a rule, from among the soldiers (sailors) who have been sworn in to the Military Oath, who have mastered the appropriate combat training programs and who are ready, in terms of their moral and psychological qualities, to carry out guard duty.

Internal service - This is a daily service activity in military units and subdivisions. It is organized and carried out in accordance with the Charter of the Internal Service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and is designed to maintain internal order and military discipline in a military unit, ensuring its constant combat readiness and the security of military service ..

Combat training and service and combat activities of military personnel, subdivisions and units in aggregate ensure at any time of the year, at any time of the day, in any conditions to be ready to fulfill their duty to defend the Fatherland.

All military activity is aimed at preparing each soldier, subunit and unit to conduct real combat operations.

Real fighting.

Real fighting - this is a type of military activity for which the Armed Forces are created and their combat training and service-combat activities are carried out.

Real fightingthere is military activity carried out directly in combat conditions and aimed at defeating the enemy.

The main features of modern combat are:

- agility, dynamism, fast and abrupt changes in the situation;

- the unevenness of its development along the front and in depth;

- increased moral, psychological and physical stress of the personnel.

Modern combat requires firmness, initiative and discipline from every serviceman.

The strongest effect on a person in battle is the danger, which is perceived as a threat to life. Therefore, a special place in the course of a battle is played by a person's ability to control his feelings, emotions and state, the ability to control his behavior and activities.

Armed confrontation requires from a person not only high physical qualities, but also spiritual and moral ones.

The history of war knows many examples when the outcome of a battle was decided not by superiority in manpower and equipment, but precisely by the moral and psychological readiness of personnel to fulfill their military duty to the end (see Additional materials).

Each soldier in the process of military activity must constantly strive to develop in himself such qualities as selfless devotion to his people, Motherland, confidence in defeating the enemy, courage, heroism, readiness for self-sacrifice, military camaraderie, and mutual assistance in battle. All these qualities are acquired in the process of military service in the performance of all types of military activity.

General types and basic elements of military activity.

Features in military activity depend on the type or type of troops. In order to better determine the type or type of troops for military service, where the acquired life experience, certain inclinations and preferences for the type of activity are fully useful, it is necessary to have clear ideas about the structure of the modern army (studied in grade 10) and from the military position. In the Armed Forces, in accordance with the psychological classification established by the "Guidelines for Professional Psychological Selection in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation", military positions replaced by soldiers and sailors, sergeants and petty officers are subdivided, taking into account the homogeneity of requirements for the individual psychological qualities of specialists, into seven main classes of similar military positions : command, operator, communications and surveillance, driver, special purpose, technological and other military positions. The fulfillment of duties by military personnel is a specific area of \u200b\u200bhuman activity, which is wide and multifaceted and requires from a young person, before entering military service, a meaningful and balanced approach to assessing his capabilities and organizing his training for military service, taking into account the requirements for spiritual qualities, the level of education and physical qualities.

Conclusions:

Through military activity, the armed defense of the Russian Federation is carried out, and favorable external conditions for the socio-economic development of society are provided.
Military activity is subdivided into combat training, service and combat activity and real combat operations.
Combat training, service and combat activities of servicemen, subunits and units in aggregate provide the necessary level of combat capability of troops and the degree of their combat readiness, i.e. ability at any time of the year and day. In any conditions, be ready to fulfill your duty to defend the Fatherland.
Each soldier in the process of military activity must constantly strive to develop in himself such qualities as selfless devotion to his people, Motherland, confidence in defeating the enemy, courage, heroism, readiness for self-sacrifice, military comradeship, and mutual assistance in battle.

III. Fixing the material:

- What is the reason for the activities of a serviceman?

- What does military activity include?

- What is the purpose of combat training?

IV... Lesson summary

V. Homework: 49, pp. 224-229. Assignment: independently read § 50, pp. 230-223.

Group No. 112 "Locomotive (electric locomotive) driver"

Lesson "Types of military activity. Features of military service »

Lesson type: combined lesson.

The purpose of the lesson: To reveal the structure of military activity, purpose and essence. To reveal the quality and strength of knowledge on the main topics of the studied material.

Tasks:

Educational:

Formation of ideas about the types of military activity;

Consolidation of knowledge about the features of military service.

Developing:

Development of the ability to compare, analyze, draw conclusions;

Development of imagination.

Educational:

Fostering a culture of safety;

Fostering a culture of communication.

UUD:

- Personal: show interest and imagination during the lesson

- Cognitive : acceptance and understanding of the scientific task;

Ability to classify objects according to their essential characteristics;

Ability to structure material;

- Communicative: processing of primary information into a scheme, the ability to use adequate speech means to build your own utterance

Regulatory : phased reflection of the thought process;

assessment of their actions in the lesson.

Equipment: computer, projector, computer speakers.

During the classes.

Organizing time.

Greeting. Checking readiness for the lesson.

Knowledge update. Goal setting.

Military service is a special type of federal public serviceperformed by citizens in Armed Forces Of the Russian Federation, as well as in other troops and military formations... Military service is the most active form of fulfilling the duty and obligation of every citizen to defend the Fatherland.

The activity of a serviceman is primarily due to his belonging to the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, and therefore, all his activities should be aimed at ensuring those functions and tasks for which the Armed Forces are created. We will consider these types of activities. In addition, today we have the last lesson of this school year, and we must review the previously studied topics. Let's try to formulate the purpose of our lesson.

Student responses.

Sounding the purpose of the lesson (on the slide).

Learning new material.

There are three main elements of the activity of a serviceman, now we will consider them:

Combat training

Combat training is aimed at ensuring a high level of combat capability of units and subunits.

Combat training is intended to ensure a high military professional level of personnel of units and subunits. It is carried out continuously both in peacetime and in wartime.

Combat training has a number of features:(write the main thing)

Has a collective focus (in the course of classes, individual servicemen are simultaneously trained and military units are prepared for joint actions);

Practical training (aimed at mastering weapons and equipment and skillfully using them in battle).

The highest form of training is exercises, which practice the methods of using weapons and military equipment in battle, combat coordination of units and support for combat operations. The exercises are conducted in any weather, on real terrain, with standard weapons and equipment, in an environment close to combat.

(video clip display)

Service and combat activities.

It is aimed at ensuring a high level of combat readiness of subunits and units, i.e. the ability of troops in any conditions of the situation to begin military operations on time. The degree of combat readiness in peacetime should ensure the rapid transition of troops to martial law and organizational entry into hostilities, and in wartime - the ability to immediately perform assigned combat missions.

Includes: alert duty, sentry and internal services... (Write)

Alert duty is the presence of specially allocated forces and assets in full combat readiness to carry out unexpected tasks or conduct hostilities.

Sentry service - is intended for reliable protection and defense of battle flags, storage facilities with weapons, military equipment, and other material means. Guard duty is the fulfillment of a combat mission.

Internal service is a daily service activity in military units and subunits. It is organized and carried out in accordance with the Charter of the internal service and is designed to maintain internal order and military discipline in a military unit.

(video clip display)

Real fighting.

This is the type of military activity for which the Armed Forces are created and their training and combat activities are carried out. Real combat operations are military activities carried out directly in combat conditions and aimed at defeating the enemy.

The most powerful effect on a person in battle is the danger that is perceived as a threat to life. Therefore, a special place in the course of a battle is played by a person's ability to control his feelings, emotions and states, the ability to control his behavior and activities.

The main principle is to defeat the enemy.(write down)

(video clip display)

The performance of duties by military personnel is a specific

the field of human activity, which is wide and multifaceted and

requires a young man before entering military service

a meaningful and balanced approach to assessing their capabilities and organizing their training for military service, taking into account the requirements for

spiritual qualities, educational level and physical qualities.

Consolidation of the acquired knowledge.

So, we have reviewed the main types of activities of military personnel, and now we will consolidate your new knowledge and knowledge on the past topics covered.

You have diagrams on your tables - the first is the structure of the RF Armed Forces.

You need to complete these diagrams. (give 1 minute for each question, check immediately) Application.

Types of the Armed Forces: Land Forces, Navy, Air Force.

Type of troops: Airborne Forces, Strategic Missile Forces, KV.

3 ... The following diagram is conscription, list the main components of conscription:

Military registration

Compulsory preparation for military service

Conscription

Conducting military service

Staying in stock

Passing military training in reserve

4. The following are the types of military uniforms:

Front

Field

Casual

5. Further, who exercises general and direct control of the Armed Forces:

General - Supreme Commander-in-Chief (V.V. Putin)

Immediate - Minister of Defense (Shoigu S.K.)

6. The draft age in Russia is 18-27 years old

7. Describe the categories of fitness for military service:

A - fit for military service; (be summoned)

B - fit for military service with minor restrictions; (be summoned)

B - limited fit for military service; (exemption from conscription: the conscript is enrolled in the reserve of the Armed Forces and he is issued a military ID)

G - temporarily unfit for military service; (delay from the call for 6-12 months.)

D - not fit for military service. (exemption from military service: the conscript is issued a military ID)

combat training,

service and combat activities and

real fighting.

Lesson summary.

So, guys, today we examined the types of activities of a serviceman, and also repeated the previously studied topics on the basics of military service.

I would like to note the following students with good grades _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

for correct and quick answers to questions.

Reflection.

In conclusion, I propose to compose a syncwine for you, which means "5 lines" in translation. In these 5 lines, we must write down all the most important things on our topic.

1 line - one noun expressing the main theme of the syncwine.

Line 2 - two adjectives expressing the main idea.

Line 3 - three verbs describing actions within the topic.

4 line - a phrase that carries a certain meaning.

5 line - a conclusion in the form of a noun (association with the first word).

Homework.

Prepare a message on the topic "Modern weapons of Russia"

Thank you for the lesson. Peaceful sky above your head!

Types of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

Kind of troops

Dress:

When taking the Military Oath, when presenting a military unit of the Battle Banner; when appointed to the guard of honor; on the days of annual holidays of the military unit; while serving as sentries for the protection of the Battle Banner;

During exercises, maneuvers, combat duty and in training in training centers;

In all other cases.

RF Armed Forces leadership.

General - _____________________________ surname ______________

Direct - ______________________ surname ____________

The draft age in Russia is from _____ to _____ years

7. Describe the categories of fitness for military service:

A - ___________________________________ (subject to appeal)

B - __________________________________________________ (subject to appeal)

B - ___________________________________ (exemption from conscription: the conscript is enlisted in the stock of the Armed Forces and a military ID is issued to him)

D - ______________________________________ (deferral from conscription for 6-12 months.)

D - _______________________________ (exemption from military duty: the conscript is issued a military ID)

List the main activities of a soldier:

__________________________________________________________

The concept of military activity goes back to ancient times, with the emergence of organized groups of well-armed people to control and protect the interests of certain state systems.

Military activity has existed throughout the entire period since the emergence of statehood, it played and plays an important role in the existence of any state. Currently, in our country, the positive attitude has noticeably increased and continues to increase. russian society to the Armed Forces. In order to deeply and comprehensively study the motivational and semantic sphere of any activity, in our case military, it is necessary to clarify the essence and content of the basic concepts.

Considering the activity of people in the Armed Forces, it should be noted that military activity occupies an important place in the hierarchy of activities of military personnel, which determines its special social significance. There are two distinctive types of activity in the Armed Forces, such as military and combat. Meaning military activity in peacetime, and military activity in wartime.

Under military activity, the Charter of the Internal Service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation means all actions of military personnel taking place directly in peacetime. These include military exercises, combat demolition, fleet management, learning activities on the study of technology and weapons in service. All actions that occur before or after combat activities can be attributed to military activities.

Service and combat activity in accordance with the Charter of the Internal Service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation ensures a high level of readiness of the military to immediately fulfill the tasks assigned to it related to the performance of military activities in combat conditions. Service and combat activities include combat duty, guard and internal services.

Let's consider such terms of the Charter of the internal service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation as combat duty, guard service, internal service. Combat duty (combat service) is the fulfillment of a combat mission. It is carried out by duty forces and means assigned from military units and subunits of the services of the Armed Forces and combat arms. The duty forces and means include combat crews, crews of ships and aircraft, duty shifts of command posts, forces and means of combat support and service. The guard service is intended for the reliable protection and defense of battle flags, storage facilities, with weapons, military and other equipment, ammunition, explosives, other property of military and state facilities, as well as for the protection of arrested and convicted prisoners held in the bay (guardhouse) and in disciplinary battalion. To carry out guard duty, guards are equipped. Internal service, a type of service in military units and on ships to maintain internal order, ensure normal living conditions, life and study of military personnel, monitor the strict fulfillment of general military and official duties by each serviceman, organize and maintain order and protection at the location of the military unit (on the ship).

The federal law comments on the professional activities of modern long-term servicemen very diverse. On the one hand, this is due to the complex structure of the Armed Forces, the presence of various military specialties, on the other, with the development human society there is a complication of the military service itself. Today it is no longer enough for a soldier to have good physical development, he must also possess certain knowledge, without which it is impossible to competently exploit military equipment, and, consequently, win a victory in a modern war. Singling out several main directions in the military-professional activity of a long-term serviceman: management of the activities of a military collective; education and training of the personnel of the subdivision (unit); continuous improvement of their professional skills and knowledge.

A.N. Leont'ev defines activity as “a meaningful and purposeful interaction of a person with the environment, mediated by external and internal activity, or a specific type of human activity aimed at cognition and creative transformation of the surrounding reality and oneself. According to him, the activity of the subject - external and internal - is mediated and regulated by the mental reflection of reality. That which in the objective world appears for the subject as motives, goals and conditions of his activity, must be perceived by him in one way or another, presented, understood, retained and reproduced in his memory; the same applies to the processes of his activity and to himself - to his states and properties, features. Thus, activity analysis brings us to the traditional themes of psychology. "

Currently, there are many different systematizations of forms of human activity, they include material (practical), spiritual, industrial, social and other types of activity. First of all, we note the division into spiritual and practical activities. Practical activity is aimed at changing real objects of nature and society. The changes in nature include material production activities, and socially transformative activities to change society. The spiritual part is aimed at changing the consciousness of people. The spiritual part includes cognitive activity (reflection of reality in artistic and scientific form), value-oriented activity (positive or negative attitude to the world, phenomena), predictive activity (planning and foreseeing future changes. It is also necessary to note among the diversity of human activity, creative and destructive activity. can be attributed - cities, settlements, cultural heritage in art and not only, everything that a person creates in his life for his own and the common good. Destructive activity includes, first of all, wars - these are the dead people, destroyed houses, burned villages and villages, many crippled destinies, but the activities of people in appropriate positions, having a certain power over people, the use of their powers of power for other purposes can be just as destructive.

D.S. Eremin in his work defines military activity as “a complex social phenomenon, part of social life, which is a material, sensory-objective and purposeful activity of people in the field of military affairs and includes military-practical and military-research activities. The content and forms of military activity are constantly changing and developing. In the process of historical analysis of its manifestations, the military experience of the past and modern military activity are distinguished. Military activity is carried out in the form of armed struggle, combat duty, combat and moral and psychological training of troops, administrative activities of headquarters and other bodies of military command, training of military personnel, military scientific activities, etc. "

All types and forms of military activity have always been and will be interconnected, since they complement and condition each other in the performance of assigned tasks. This includes the interaction of different structures in resolving issues of state importance both in the protection of especially important objects and in the search for criminals, and the preservation of the safety of life of citizens of the Russian Federation.

The activity of the subject, as noted by A.V. Petrovsky, “is always associated with some need, being an expression of the subject's need for something, the need causes his search activity, in which the plasticity of activity is manifested - its assimilation to the properties of objects independently existing from it. This subordination to the object, by assimilating to it, is the determinism of activity by the external world. In the process of this assimilation, the need “gropes” for its object, objectifies it, transforms it into a concrete motive of activity. In the future, the activity of the subject is no longer directed by the object itself, but by its image arising in the search situation ”.

How does D.S. Eremin “military activity has social, human and cultural significance. It represents "objective value" as an object of a value relationship, is evaluated in terms of good and evil, truth or not, beauty or ugliness, permissible or forbidden, just or unjust, etc. The methods and criteria on the basis of which the procedures for evaluating military activity are carried out are fixed in public consciousness and culture (attitudes and assessments, imperatives and prohibitions, goals and projects expressed in the form of normative ideas), acting as guidelines for the life of society. In value categories, the limiting orientations of knowledge about military activity, interests and preferences of various community groups and personalities ”.

E.F. Banking represents the basis of activity not only by subject content, but also by the needs of a person. It takes into account “the presence of subjective and objective possibilities, the presence of a goal, the absence of opposing needs acting in the same direction with the basic need. And only after that, on the basis of the motive that the given behavior has for the subject and is experienced as a subjective basis for the decision to act this way and not otherwise, the subject justifies and sanctions this behavior. The motive replaces one behavior with another, less acceptable more acceptable and in this way creates the possibility of a certain activity. "

Any historically defined concrete society is able to be characterized by a special set and hierarchy of values \u200b\u200bof military activity, the concept of which acts as the highest level of social regulation. It enshrines those aspects of social recognition of military activity (by this society and social group), on the basis of which more specific and specific concepts of regulatory control, the corresponding social institutions and the purposeful actions of people themselves are deployed. The assimilation of the concept of values \u200b\u200bof military activity by an individual is considered one of the conditions for its socialization and maintenance of lawful order in society.

According to E.F. Bankovskiy, “the analysis of many types of work activity has shown that the most significant factor in the regulation of behavior is emotional stability. Motivation may even exceed the optimal level for action, but the behavior is carried out ineffectively due to the disorganizing role emotional state... It turns out that it is not enough to master the techniques of self-stimulation, you also need to be able to regulate your states. Were revealed the dependence of emotional stability on the moral and volitional qualities of a person, the ability to arbitrarily inhibit unwanted emotional reactions; - connection with the general fitness of a person in voluntary self-regulation of various processes. "

HELL. Lizichev in his work asserts that “for most modern psychological developments, it is characteristic to highlight the leading role of motivational aspects in the psychological structure of activity. And it is no coincidence that a direct appeal to the motivational and personal analysis of activity is one of the leading requirements of the systematic approach. At present, a sharp increase in the technical equipment and information saturation of military labor leads to a number of psychologically significant changes in its content: an increase in the speed of information processing, decision-making and execution of executive actions; an increase in the proportion of directly unobservable processes in control systems, the absence in many cases of direct contact with the enemy, remote control of weapons of war, an increase in the significance of each individual decision and practical action for the outcome of a battle; the need for a long time to be in a high degree of readiness to destroy an enemy capable of unexpectedly, in a matter of seconds, appear in a combat zone, etc. All this without reducing the requirements for a person's readiness to carry large physical exercise, raises the question of the cognitive and theoretical capabilities of a soldier in a new way - the stability of his attention, speed and accuracy of perception, quickness and flexibility of thinking, independence, readiness to make a decision under a tight time limit, psychological stability, decisiveness. "

As the Soviet psychologist F. Gorbov noted: "In some cases, even an indisputable personal quality, defined on an individual basis ... has only a relative readiness to determine the contribution that a given person will make during the period of joint group activity."

At the same time A.D. Lizichev in his work comments on modern weapons, “the methods of their use make it necessary to unite significant masses of people and equipment into various complexes and complex systems... The elements of these systems are in a complex relationship over large areas. The role of each element (crew, crew, individual) has grown exponentially. Often the success of the entire system depends on one person. But the role of an individual is highly appreciated only if the whole complex acted faultlessly. "

Military activity initially implies constant risk to life, because a soldier is the first to meet the enemy when defending the borders of the homeland. Weapons and weapons pose a particular danger to a serviceman. combat vehicles the enemy, so their own Armed Forces. In order to reduce the degree of danger, it is necessary to qualitatively prepare and train servicemen in professional possession and control of weapons and equipment. To morally prepare for the fulfillment of the assigned tasks, to develop the ability to self-sacrifice, to overcome fear in battle and other volitional qualities of a warrior.

Considering the importance of the profession in the life of young people, A.V. Petrovsky believes that “this is the most important channel of social mobility, a source of material well-being and gaining prestige in society. Currently, there is a large gap between the level of aspirations of a certain part of young people and the real level of their capabilities. A person sets the level of aspirations somewhere between too difficult and too easy tasks and goals, so as to maintain their self-esteem at the proper height. The formation of the level of aspirations is determined not only by the anticipation of success or failure, but, above all, by sober, and sometimes vaguely realized, taking into account and evaluating past successes or failures. Self-esteem is closely related to the level of aspirations - it is the desired level of self-esteem of the individual (the level of the “I” image), which is manifested in the degree of difficulty of the goal that a person sets for himself. Self-awareness of a person, using the mechanism of self-assessment, sensitively registers the ratio of his own aspirations and real achievements. "

IN AND. Slobodchikov argued that “the expectations and assessments of young people in the labor market often do not meet the requirements that employers impose on their potential employees - discipline, responsibility, the ability and desire to work well, the ability to adapt to specific working conditions, and hence unemployment among young people. people are 1.5 times higher than the national average ”. This gives us the opportunity to draw the appropriate conclusions about the need to work with the young staff, on their psychological component and motivational field of activity.

COMBAT TRAINING

The main types of military activity and their features

All types of military activities of military personnel are aimed at maintaining a high level of combat readiness and combat effectiveness of subunits and units in which they serve. The main types of military activity are combat training, service and combat activities and real combat operations.

Combat training is a system of measures for the training and military education of the personnel of units and subunits, the combat coordination of units and subunits to prepare them for the conduct of hostilities or for performing other tasks determined by the mission of the Armed Forces. Combat training is aimed at ensuring a high level of combat capability of units and subunits. It is designed to ensure a high military professional level of servicemen and is carried out continuously both in peacetime and in wartime. In the course of this training, classes, exercises, live firing, trainings are carried out in which servicemen study military regulations, weapons and military equipment, methods of action in battle, and subunits and units practice methods of action when performing combat missions. Combat training has a number of features. It has a clearly expressed collective focus and is organized in such a way that during the course of training, individual servicemen are simultaneously trained and military units are being prepared for joint actions. Basically, this is practical training aimed at mastering weapons and military equipment by soldiers and their skillful use in battle.

The main part of combat training is made up of exercises, which represent multiple repetitions of actions aimed at mastering weapons and military equipment and skillfully using them in battle.

The content of combat training is determined by curricula and programs. One of the basic principles of organizing combat training is to teach the troops what is necessary in war.Therefore, the fulfillment of combat training tasks requires a high level of spiritual and physical qualities, mental stability and physical endurance from each serviceman.

Service and combat activity is aimed at ensuring a high level of combat readiness of subunits and units, that is, the ability of troops to begin military operations on time in any situation. The degree of combat readiness in peacetime should ensure a quick transition of troops to martial law and an orderly entry into hostilities, and in wartime - the ability to immediately perform assigned combat missions. Service and combat activities include combat duty, guard and internal services.

Combat duty - this is the presence of specially allocated forces and assets in full combat readiness to perform unexpected tasks or conduct hostilities. It is the fulfillment of a combat mission and is carried out by duty forces and means assigned from military units and subunits. These forces and assets include combat crews, ship crews, duty shifts of control points, etc. Military personnel who have not been sworn in to the Military Oath, have not mastered the combat training program, have committed offenses under investigation, and are not assigned to combat duty, and sick. To ensure the required degree of combat readiness of servicemen while on combat duty, it is prohibited to: transfer the performance of their duties to someone; be distracted by activities not related to the performance of combat duty duties; leave a combat post without permission; carry out work on armaments and military equipment that reduces their combat readiness.

Guard serviceis intended for reliable protection and defense of battle flags, storage facilities with weapons, military equipment, and other material means. Guard duty is the fulfillment of a combat mission and requires high vigilance from personnel, precise observance and performance of their duties, determination and initiative. To carry out guard duty, guards are assigned - armed units assigned to carry out a combat mission to protect and defend battle flags, military and state facilities. The structure of the guard usually includes: the chief of the guard, the guards according to the number of posts and shifts, the breeders. For the direct protection and defense of objects from the guard sentinels are posted. Sentinels are appointed from among the soldiers (sailors) who were sworn in to the Military Oath, who have mastered the appropriate combat training programs and are ready, in terms of their moral and psychological qualities, to carry out guard duty.

Internal service - This is a daily service activity in military units and subdivisions. It is organized and carried out in accordance with the Charter of the Internal Service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and is designed to maintain internal order and military discipline in military units, ensuring constant combat readiness.

Combat activity. Lesson “Types of military activity. Features of military service. And military outfits

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