Literature lesson Nekrasov frost red nose. Poems by N.A.Nekrasov. Poem Frost, Red Nose. Reflection of an emotional state

Soon after the peasant reform of 1861, "difficult times" began in Russia. The persecution and arrests began. The poet M.L. Mikhailov was exiled to Siberia, D.I.Pisarev was arrested. In the summer of 1862, he was imprisoned in the Peter and Paul Fortress. The morally sensitive Nekrasov felt awkward in front of his friends, their dramatic fate was reproachful to him.

In one of the sleepless nights, in hard thoughts about myself and disgraced friends, the great "song of repentance" - the lyric poem "Knight for an hour", cried out. When he wrote it, he recalled the reproach and reproach that had touched him at one time in the letter of the late Dobrolyubov of August 23, 1860: “And I thought: here is a man - his temperament is hot, he has enough courage, his will is strong, his mind is not offended, health is from nature heroic, and all his life languishes with the desire for some deed, an honest, good deed ... If only he could be Garibaldi in his place ”.

Dobrolyubov passed away, burnt out at the ascetic magazine work, and ended up in the Chernyshevsky fortress ... But Nekrasov did not have to become a "Russian Garibaldi". And not because there was not enough firmness of will and strength of character: with the heightened instinct of the people's poet, he felt the inevitable tragedy of the revolutionary feat in Russia. This feat demanded reckless faith. Nekrasov did not have such faith. And the revolutionary "chivalry" with an eye inevitably turned out to be "chivalry for an hour":

Good impulses are destined for you,

But nothing can be done ...

In the fall of 1862, in a difficult mood (the existence of Sovremennik was under threat, the peasant movement suppressed by the vigorous efforts of the government began to decline), the poet visited his native place: he visited Greshnevo and neighboring Ab'akumtsev at the grave. The result of all these events and experiences was the poem "Knight for an Hour" - one of the most heartfelt works of Nekrasov about filial love for the mother, growing into love for the motherland. The mood of the poem turned out to be consonant with many generations of the Russian intelligentsia, endowed with a burning conscience, thirsty for activity, but finding neither in itself nor around itself a solid support for active good or for revolutionary feat. Nekrasov loved this poem very much and always read it "with tears in his voice." There is a recollection that Chernyshevsky, who had returned from exile, while reading The Knight for an Hour, "could not stand it and burst into tears."

The Polish uprising in 1863, brutally suppressed by government forces, pushed the court circles towards reaction. In the midst of a decline in the peasant movement, some of the revolutionary intelligentsia lost faith in the people, in their creative potential. On the pages of the democratic magazine “ Russian word”Articles began to appear in which the people were accused of rudeness, stupidity, and ignorance. A little later, in the Prologue, Chernyshevsky, through the lips of Volgin, uttered bitter words about the "miserable nation" - "from top to bottom, all are slaves." Under these conditions, Nekrasov began work on a new work, full of bright faith and good hope - the poem "Frost, Red Nose."

The central event of "Frost" is the death of a peasant, and the action in the poem does not go beyond the boundaries of one peasant family. At the same time, both in Russia and abroad it is considered an epic poem. At first glance, this is a paradox, since classical aesthetics considered the core of an epic poem to be a conflict of a nationwide scale, the glorification of a great historical event that had an impact on the fate of the nation.

However, having narrowed the range of action in the poem, Nekrasov not only did not limit, but enlarged its problems. After all, the event associated with the death of a peasant, with the loss of “the breadwinner and the hope of the family,” is rooted in almost a thousand-year national experience, unwittingly hinting at our centuries-old upheavals. Nekrasov's thought is developing here in the mainstream of a fairly stable, and in the 19th century, an extremely lively literary tradition. - the basis of national life. This connection between family and nation was deeply felt by the creators of our epic from Nekrasov to Leo Tolstoy. The idea of \u200b\u200bfamily, kinship unity arose before us as the most urgent one at the dawn of Russian history. And the first Russian saints were not warrior heroes, but humble princes, brothers Boris and Gleb, killed by the accursed Svyatopolk. Even then, the values \u200b\u200bof brotherly, kindred love were elevated in our country to the level of a national ideal.

The peasant family in Nekrasov's poem is a particle of the all-Russian world: the thought of Daria naturally turns into the thought of a "stately Slav," the deceased Proclus is like the peasant hero Mikula Selyaninovich:

Large, calloused hands

Having raised a lot of labor

Beautiful, alien to torment

Face - and a beard up to the arms.

Equally dignified and father Proclus, mournfully frozen on the grave mound:

Tall, gray-haired, lean,

Without a hat, motionless, dumb,

Like a monument, grandpa is old

I stood at my own grave!

“A great nation has its own history, and history has its own critical moments by which one can judge the strength and greatness of its spirit,” wrote Belinsky. “The spirit of the people, like the spirit of a private person, is expressed quite at critical moments, by which one can infallibly judge not only his strength, but also the youth and freshness of his strength. "

From the 13th to the 20th centuries, the Russian land at least once a century was subjected to a devastating invasion. An event that happened in a peasant family that lost its breadwinner reflects, like in a drop of water, the historical troubles of a Russian woman-mother. The grief of Daria is solemnly named in the poem as "the great grief of the widow and mother of little orphans." Great - because behind him many generations of Russian women - brides, wives, sisters and mothers. Behind him is the historical fate of Russia: the irreplaceable losses of the best national forces in devastating wars, in social catastrophes for centuries have been echoed with orphan grief, primarily in our families.

Nekrasov's epic event shines through through the everyday plot. Testing the strength of the peasant family, showing the family at the moment of the dramatic shock of its foundations, Nekrasov keeps in mind the nationwide trials. "The centuries have passed!" In the poem, this is not a simple poetic declaration: with all the content, all the metaphorical world of the poem, Nekrasov brings momentary events to the age-old trend russian history, the peasant way of life - to the life of the whole people. Let us recall the eyes of the crying Daria, as if dissolving in a gray, cloudy sky, crying in an inclement rain. And then they are compared to a field of grain flowing out of overripe grain-tears. Let's remember that these tears freeze into round and dense pearls, hang like icicles on the eyelashes, like on the cornices of the windows of village huts:

Around - there is no urine to look,

Plain in diamonds glistens ...

Daria's eyes filled with tears -

The sun must be blinding ...

Only an epic poet could boldly correlate a snowy plain in diamonds with the eyes of Daria in tears. The figurative structure of "Moroz" is based on these broad metaphors, which lead everyday facts to the nationwide existence. Nature is listening to the grief of the peasant family in a folk way in the poem: as a living being, it responds to the events that are taking place, echoes the peasant cries with the stern howl of a blizzard, accompanies dreams with folk witchcraft of Frost. The death of a peasant shakes the entire cosmos of peasant life, sets in motion the spiritual forces hidden in it. Specific everyday images, without losing their grounding, are voiced from within by a song, epic beginning. “Having worked in the earth,” Proclus leaves her an orphan - and now she “lies down with crosses”, the sacred Mother - the earth is damp. And Savraska became orphaned without his master, like a heroic horse without Mikula Selyaninovich.

Behind the tragedy of one peasant family is the fate of the entire Russian people. We see how he behaves in the most difficult historical trials. A fatal blow has been struck: the existence of a family seems hopeless. How does an inconsolable grief overcome the people's "world"? What helps him to survive in tragic circumstances?

Let's pay attention: in severe misfortune, household members think of themselves least of all, least of all they rush about with their grief. No claims to the world, no grumbling, groaning or bitterness. Grief recedes before the all-consuming feeling of pity and compassion for the departed person, right up to the desire to resurrect Proclus with a gentle, friendly word:

Splash, beloved, with your hands,

Look with a falcon eye

Shake your silk curls

Dissolve the sugar lips!

The widowed Daria also meets trouble. She is not worried about herself, but "full of the thought of her husband, she calls him, speaks to him." Dreaming of the wedding of her son, she anticipates not only her own happiness, but the happiness of her beloved Proclus, addresses her dead husband as if she were alive, rejoices in his joy. How much home warmth and affectionate, protective compassion towards a loved one in her words. But the same warm, kindred love extends with her to the “distant ones” - to the deceased schema, for example, who was accidentally met in the monastery:

I gazed into my face for a long time:

All of you are younger, more elegant, sweeter,

You are like a white dove among sisters

Between gray, simple pigeons ..

Daria is warmed in a tragic situation by the warmth of spiritualized compassion. Here Nekrasov concerns the innermost core of the national moral culture, on which the Russian land was and should be.

Grade 8 Reading

Topic: N.A.Nekrasov "Frost, Red Nose".

Goal: - to acquaint students with the work of NA Nekrasov "Frost, Red Nose", to generalize the knowledge of students on the biography of NA Nekrasov.

Practice expressive reading techniques, continue teaching to give

complete answers, draw conclusions.

To foster a sense of respect for a woman who is a hard worker.

During the classes.

Organizing time.

Introductory conversation.

Remember, with the work of which poet we are getting acquainted, think and tell me, what will we talk about today in the lesson?

The topic of our lesson…. We will get acquainted with the content of the work, we will learn to read it expressively, we will remember everything that we know about the life of the author of this work. For each question I have posed, I ask you to give complete, clear, precise answers.

Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov, who is this?

What writers was he a contemporary of?

Homework check.

Now imagine Nekrasov as a child in the village of Greshnevo, Yaroslavl province. Let's check your homework.

(Story about Nekrasov's childhood)

So, what conclusion can be drawn about the poet's childhood?

(Childhood was comfortable, but not always happy because of the rudeness and cruelty of his father. Nikolai did not love his father, but he loved his mother very much, because she was kind, always protected children and serfs from her husband's wrath.)

What was the next stage in Nekrasov's life?

(A story about studying at a gymnasium.)

What conclusion can be drawn?

(Nekrasov studied easily, but without interest. During his studies, he fell in love with books, successfully completed 5 classes.)

Tell us about the poet's later life.

(A story about life in St. Petersburg.)

Make a conclusion.

So, what occupation is gradually becoming the main one in the life of a poet?

Remember what topics Nekrasov touches on in his works?

(1. From childhood, he saw the injustice of life. He watched how cruel the serfs were his father, saw the barge haulers on the Volga. He was horrified by their fate. From childhood he realized that it was necessary to somehow change this injustice, something must be done for this. He tried with his poems to draw the attention of the rich to the poor people, especially to the serfs.)

Give an example of such a poem. ("Uncompressed strip" - the student reads the poem by heart).

What is the second theme of Nekrasov's poems?

(2. From childhood, he communicated with peasant children, despite the prohibitions of his father. He ran away with them into the forest, to the Volga, to the high road that passed near the village. There the boys got to know by different peoplewho moved from village to village, from city to city in search of work.)

Give an example of a poem in which Nekrasov writes about peasant children. (An excerpt from the poem "Peasant Children" - the student reads the poem by heart.)

So, draw a conclusion, what did Nekrasov write about?

Learning new material.

Today in the lesson we will touch upon another side of the poetry of Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov. But, before I begin my story, read the words and explain how you understand them.

Meek man

Worship

Immortalize

Empathize.

Teacher's word. From early childhood to death, Nekrasov retained his love for his mother. His mother, Elena Andreevna, is a dreamy meek woman. She was a very cultured person. It was a singer with an amazing voice. Elena Andreevna knew world literature well and often retells to Nikolai those passages that were accessible to his understanding. Nekrasov idolized his mother, he immortalized her image in the verses "Motherland", "Mother", "Knight for an hour", "Bayushki-bayu", "Recluse", "Unhappy", etc. Thinking about the fate of his mother, he was already in childhood learned to sympathize with all powerless, oppressed women. Serfs aroused especially warm sympathy in him. He saw how much they had to work, how little they saw kindness and affection from other people. He admired their steadfastness and hard work. All this is reflected in his poem "Frost, Red Nose". Today we are getting acquainted with an excerpt from this poem.

The task: Now you will listen to an excerpt from this poem, slightly larger than in the textbook, and answer the question: "What women does the poet sing about?"

Reading the passage by the teacher by heart. Answer my question.

P.114 Task:Read the passage, looking for words that made you difficult to understand. (Slav, shock, retribution).

Explain how you understood the expressions: "Labor brings her reward", "It will pass - like the sun will shine! He will look - he will give a ruble! ".

Work on the expressiveness of reading.

One of the goals of our lesson is to learn to read this passage expressively. During a physical education minute, you should remember what it means to read a poem expressively.

Physical education.

Continued work on expressiveness.

Remember when we pause while reading?

What word in a line should we highlight with a voice?

We read the quatrains, observe pauses, find the main words in each line.

Primary consolidation and analysis of content.

Answer the questions on page 116 # 2,3,4.

Look at the picture on page 115. Find in the poem that match this drawing.

Draw a conclusion, what character traits of Russian women does Nekrasov sing in his poem?

Lesson summary.

With the work of which poet did we continue to get acquainted with?

What passage did you learn to read expressively?

What is the third theme in the work of N.A. Nekrasov?

Why did he write a lot about Russian women?

Homework.

Expressive reading of a poem.

Lesson grades.

Dolbunova Elena Vladimirovna

GBS (C) OU RM "Saransk special (correctional) comprehensive school VIII type "

Teacher of Russian language

Theme: ON. Nekrasov. An excerpt from the poem "Frost, Red Nose".

Goal: continue acquaintance of students with the poetry of N.A. Nekrasov, the development in children of an emotionally sensitive attitude to reality, to consolidate the skill of correct, conscious, expressive reading of an excerpt from the poem "Frost, Red Nose" by N. Nekrasov.

Tasks:

Study of an excerpt from the poem by N.A. Nekrasov "Frost, Red Nose".

2. To strengthen the skill of correct, conscious, expressive reading of an excerpt from the poem "Frost, Red Nose" by N.А. Nekrasov.

3. To enrich the active vocabulary of students.

4. To develop poetic taste, imaginative thinking of students.

5. Develop flexibility of thought processes by using various tasks.

6. To develop coherent oral speech of students.

7. Develop visual and auditory perception.

8. To foster love for the Motherland, for work, respect for women.

9. Memorizing a passage from the poem by heart.

Equipment:

Portrait of N.A. Nekrasov

2. Pictures: "A peasant woman in a Russian dress", "A peasant woman in a Mordovian dress"

3. Illustration for the poem

4. Individual cards with a poem for creative independent work of students

5. Dictionary S.I. Ozhegova

6. Proverbs

7. Typesetting canvas

8. Painting "Peasant Woman", "Barge Haulers on the Volga"

9. Phonograms of songs to poems by N.А. Nekrasov

Lesson structure

I. Org. moment

II. Short message students and teachers about the life of N.A. Nekrasov

III. Students reading poetry

1. Conversation

2. Selective reading

3. Conclusion

V. New material

1. Introductory word teachers

2. Vocabulary work

3. The teacher reading a passage from the poem

Vi. Fizminutka

Vii. Work with text

Reading chain

Selective reading

Working with the painting "Peasant"

Reading and Expressing a Passage of the Poem by Students

IX. Homework

X. Lesson summary

XI. Listening to songs based on N.A. Nekrasov

During the classes

I. Org. moment

- Today we will continue to study the works of the 19th century poets. Our lesson is dedicated to the poetry of N.A. Nekrasov.

The main, main theme of Nekrasov's work has always been the theme of peasant life. No wonder the poet was called the singer of the people. He wrote about the hard, joyless life of the village workers throughout his career. About himself Nekrasov said: "... I dedicated the lyre to my people."

II ... A short message from students and teacher about the life of N.A. Nekrasov.

Remember what you know about Nekrasov's life.

ON. Nekrasov was born on December 10, 1821. His father, Alexei Sergeevich, a poor landowner, three years after the birth of his son, settled forever in his family estate in Yaroslavl Greshnev.

Here, in the village, not far from the Volga, among endless fields and meadows, the poet spent his childhood.

But here, on this "blessed river", he had a chance to experience the first deep grief. Once he was wandering along the bank in hot weather and suddenly he heard some groans and after that he saw the barge haulers who were walking along the river.

Almost ducking head

To the legs, upholstered with twine ...

Nekrasov opened a "spectacle of people's disasters" early. At home, in his own family, he lived very bitterly. His father was one of those landowners of which there were many then: ignorant, rude and violent. He oppressed the whole family and beat his peasants mercilessly.

Nikolai's mother, Elena Andreevna, was an educated woman. She read a lot, played the piano, sang well. The mother gave all her time and love to the children. The boy loved his mother very much. She died early. Nekrasov dedicated several poems to her.

In 1832, the father sent his two eldest sons, Andrei and Nikolai, to the Yaroslavl gymnasium. However, the boys did not manage to finish the gymnasium, because the father refused to pay for their education. Nikolai leaves for St. Petersburg with a desire to enter the university. Unfortunately, his dream did not come true. I didn't have enough knowledge to pass the exams well. For himself, he concluded: we must work tirelessly. Nekrasov is engaged in self-education: he reads a lot, writes poems and poems, comedies and fairy tales, stories and novels. He makes friends among writers and poets.

The hard impressions of childhood, the sufferings of the serfs, the backbreaking work of the barge haulers - all this left an indelible mark on Nekrasov's soul. He becomes the first folk poet.

At the beginning of 1875, Nekrasov fell seriously ill. Despite his illness, he did not stop working. The lines of one of Nekrasov's last poems sound like his will to descendants:

Sow reasonable, kind, eternal,

Sow! My heart will thank everyone

Russian people…

In his poems, the poet expressed the thoughts and aspirations of ordinary people.

The poems are written in beautiful, melodious, remarkably rich and at the same time very simple language. His poems are set to music. In poetry, Nekrasov talks about the spiritual qualities of a simple Russian person who knows how to do good in the most unbearable conditions.

III. Students reading poetry

- Listen to the poems of N.A. Nekrasov.

Students read poems by N.A. Nekrasov.

IV. Homework check

Conversation

- In which poem by N.A. Nekrasov talks about the female share?

("The village harvest is in full swing ...")

- What words with similar meaning can replace the word “share”?

Choose (part, fate, destiny)

typesetting canvas

- What did the poet write about the share of the Russian peasant woman? We learn from a home poem (1 column).

Homework check.

2. Selective reading of students

1. Heat

2. Insect bites

3. Cut my leg

4. Small child

Conclude: What is the burden of female bonded labor?

- What was the share of a Russian woman? (hard, difficult, joyful)

3. Conclusion

- What does the poet call a woman to?

(collect the word "patience")

- Find and read in the text (7 columns)

- The fate of the Russian peasant woman was hard and difficult, but in the 19th century she could not be different.

- What feeling did the poet feel when he wrote this poem? (sympathy - on the board)

Sympathize - means to feel the same, to compassion

V. New material

Teacher's introduction

The share of the Russian peasant woman worried the poet very much, and Nekrasov continues this theme in the poem "Frost, Red Nose". Today in the lesson we will learn to expressively read an excerpt from this poem, we will learn about what features of a Russian woman N.A. Nekrasov.

(Writing a topic in a notebook)

The poem "Frost, Red Nose" was written in 1863. Serfdom was abolished 2 years before it was written, but the life of the peasants did not improve.

Vocabulary work

(writing in a notebook)

Poor - poor

Weekdays - working days

Need is poverty

Retribution is a reward

Will not shrink - will not be scared

Hata - home

Teacher reading a poem

- Who is this poem about?

- That's right, about the peasant woman.

VI ... Fizminutka

Vii. Work with text

Reading "chain"

Selective reading

With whom does the poet compare the Russian woman?

What do they say about her? (2 columns) (Proverb)

What road do they take in life? (3 column)

- With what words does the poet praise the beauty of a Russian woman? (4 column)

- Look how a Russian woman was dressed (picture of a peasant woman) (sundress, kokoshnik, shirt, bast shoes)

- How the Mordovian woman was dressed (picture "Mordovian costume")

- Attitude to work (5 columns)

Proverb: Labor feeds a person, but laziness spoils.

How to rest (6, 7 columns)

Courage and determination (column 8, illustrated on page 89)

What does Nekrasov write about the family? (9, 10, 11, 12 columns)

Working with a proverb

Collect the proverb:

The hostess in the house is like a pancake in honey.

People said about a clean tidied hut: "Not a hut, but a royal chamber."

Attitude of others to a Russian woman (12 columns)

- How would you title the passage from the poem you read? ("Peasant")

Painting "Peasant"

Show painting

The picture fits a fragment of N.A. Nekrasov "Frost, Red Nose"?

Who do you see in this picture? What is the peasant woman doing?

Reading a poem by students

VIII. Creative work pupils

Each student is given a piece of paper with 2 columns of the poem "Frost, Red Nose", in which words are missing. The student reads the poem, inserting the missing words.

IX. Homework

P. 88-90 cheat .; 2 pillar. on page 88 on.

X ... Lesson summary

The poet is convinced that the happiness of the people is in work.

- In his poem N.A. Nekrasov embodied the best features of a Russian woman. What kind? (Beautiful, hardworking, loving, patient)

This poem is a hymn to a Russian woman.

XI ... Listening to songs based on N.A. Nekrasov

The topic of the Russian literature lesson in grade 9: Nekrasov's poem "Frost, Red Nose"

Summary of a lesson in Russian literature
The purpose of the lesson of Russian literature in grade 9: to acquaint students with Nekrasov's poem "Frost, Red Nose".
Equipment for conducting a lesson of Russian literature in grade 9: portrait of the poet, the text of the poem.
Method: conversation, teacher's story.
Tasks:
1) educational: Introduce students to:
the emergence of an idea;
artistic originality of the poem;
the main characters;
2) developing:
promote skills development logical thinking;
contribute to the formation of skills in textual analysis;
contribute to the formation of the skills of the abstract from the teacher's lecture;
3) educational:
contribute to the formation of discipline skills;
contribute to the formation of listening skills;
instill a feeling of love for the native language in the lessons of Russian literature.
The course of the Russian literature lesson in grade 9

I. Organizational moment.
1. Statement of the problematic question:

2. The word of the teacher.
God forgot to change one thing
The harsh lot of a peasant woman.
N.A.Nekrasov.

Wikipedia. Nikolay Alekseevich Nekrasov (November 28 (December 10) 1821, Nemiroff, Podolsk province, the Russian Empire - December 27, 1877 (January 8, 1878), St. Petersburg) - Russian poet, writer and publicist, revolutionary democrat, classic of Russian literature. From 1847 to 1866 - head of the literary and socio-political magazine "Sovremennik", since 1868 - editor of the journal "Otechestvennye zapiski".
He is best known for such works as the epic poem "Who lives well in Russia", the poem "Frost, Red Nose", "Russian women", the poem "Grandfather Mazai and the Hares" His poems were mainly devoted to the suffering of the people, the idyll and tragedy of the peasantry. Nekrasov introduced wealth into Russian poetry folk language and folklore, widely using in his works the prose and speech turns of the common people - from everyday life to journalistic, from folk vernacular to poetic vocabulary, from oratorical to parody-satirical style. Using colloquial speech and folk phraseology, he significantly expanded the range of Russian poetry. Nekrasov was the first to decide on a bold combination of elegiac, lyrical and satirical motifs within one poem, which had not been practiced before. His poetry had a beneficial effect on the subsequent development of Russian classical and later Soviet poetry.

II. 1. The history of the creation of the poem.
A multifaceted creative study of the depths of folk life led Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov to create, perhaps, the most amazing work - "Frost, Red Nose." Originally conceived as a dramatic story about the death of a peasant, the poem gradually developed into an epic work, the heroine of which came to the fore. Surprisingly, Nekrasov was able to write a truly epic poem, limiting himself to an episode from the life of a peasant family, defining the movement into the depths of this life, of these characters. With the seeming simplicity of the plot, the work in its construction is one of the most difficult for Nekrasov.
This poem is one of best creatures Nekrasov, marked by a special sincerity and subtle psychologism. Dedicated to the poet's sister, Anna Alekseevna, and the main character here is also a woman, a peasant woman, Daria, Nekrasov's favorite heroine. For the first time it was published by Dostoevsky in his magazine "Time" - here the pain and hope with which Nekrasov wrote about the people were dear to him, and he felt the high artistic value of this work.
If in the poems "Korobeyniki", "Who Lives Well in Russia" Nekrasov narrates on a wide space of life throughout post-reform Russia, its different social strata, then here the picture, it would seem, is narrowed down to one peasant family:

Like a shroud, dressed with snow,
There is a hut in the village

In the hut - a calf in the basement,
Dead man on the table by the window;
His stupid children make noise
The wife is sobbing quietly.

But this story with the whole system of truthful details, penetration into the very essence of people's life and national character, undoubtedly, has tremendous generalizing power. The concreteness of everyday life and the pathos of high poetry were organically combined in the poem, and this combination was new for the peasant theme in literature.
2. The plot and composition of the poem. The image of the main character.
Constant shifts in time provide intense narrative drama. The poet, as it were, "scrolls" time back; the story of the family's life begins with the most tragic note - the death of the peasant Proclus.
Savraska got stuck in half a snowdrift -
Two pairs of frozen bast shoes
Yes the corner of the matted coffin
They stick out of the squalid logs.
Then time begins to roll back, the author admires a Russian woman, a “stately Slavic woman,” skillful at work and fun. But she doesn't often have to rejoice, a hard life kills a woman's beauty. She comes into this world to work, suffer and go to the grave, leaving no memory of herself.
Fate had three hard parts:
And the first share is to marry a slave,
The second is to be the mother of a slave's son,
And the third - to obey the slave to the grave,
And all these formidable shares lay
On the woman of the Russian land.
But the poet does not want to "cry" over the bitter fate of a Russian woman. He sings to her "a great song", perhaps, idealizing, exaggerating her spiritual beauty. This is, rather, the desired rather than the actual position of the peasant woman - this is how she exists in the poet's imagination.
They are the same road
What all our people are walking,
And the dirt of the squalid environment
It doesn't seem to stick to them.
Beauty blooms, wonder to the world,
Blush, slim, tall,
Beautiful in all clothes
Dexterous in any work.

Daria and Proclus, their parents, children, their life in work and cares, their ability to be happy, and in grief to maintain stamina and dignity - all this was conveyed by Nekrasov with captivating truthfulness as a characteristic of the best traits that can be seen in the popular environment. Nekrasov managed to convey the folk idea of \u200b\u200blove - deep and chaste, about duty, family happiness with the utmost reliability.

Didn't I try about him?
Am I sorry for what?
I was afraid to tell him
How I loved him!

Spouses are united in deeds, thoughts, difficulties and joy. Prokl is in the cab, and Daria is spinning; her endless thoughts about him are like endless threads, and the threads are like his "alien" white road, in a fierce cold, in the open winter steppe ...

My spindle jumps, spins,
It hits the floor.
The proklushka is walking, it is crossing itself in the pothole,
He harnesses himself to a cart on a hill.

As it was difficult for Daria, she felt sorry for her husband, realizing that it was even more difficult for him:

In the summer he lived working,
I have not seen children in winter ...

While working in a cab, Proclus caught a cold, and the disease was fatal. Orphaned children and elderly parents, widowed by a young beautiful woman - the author's sorrowful sympathy is felt in every line, in every detail. Does he tell how they raised children, how they dreamed of happiness for them, does it show the silent, concentrated grief of old parents - throughout the entire narration, the author's voice merges with the voices of the characters: either Daria recalls everything that happened, or is it someone sometimes from the village he tells a sorrowful story with sympathy, and at times we do not distinguish who is speaking.
By the end, the image of Daria takes on fabulously beautiful features ("Wearing sparkling frost ...").
The picture of happiness that the peasant woman Daria draws in her dying dream contains a lot of common humanity. Darya's dying visions are her dream of happiness, but it is also a relief from the hardships of life, as death was usually accepted in the peasant environment.
Taking pity on his heroine, the author gives her a soothing death in the middle of a quiet, magically beautiful forest, illuminated by the bright winter sun.

Nowhere is so deep and free
Tired chest does not breathe
And if we have enough to live,
We can't fall asleep anywhere sweeter!

The death of Daria is psychologically very reliable, motivated quite realistically. Exhausted from nursing, funeral, heartbroken, Daria is all last days she was at the limit of her strength, almost did not sleep, she was strong in front of her parents, children, fellow villagers. And now, alone in the forest, having chopped a whole load of wood, cried out to her heart's content, weakened, she leaned against a pine tree, and she was overwhelmed by a deadly sleep. At the same time, there is a real and a fabulous image at the end - a squirrel, dropping a snowball on Daria from the top of a pine tree.

Wikipedia. In the poetry of the 1860s, such a concept as "Nekrasov School" was formed. It was a group of poets who opposed themselves to the poets of "pure art" as poets of a real and civil trend - Dmitry Minaev, Nikolai Dobrolyubov, Ivan Nikitin, Vasily Kurochkin and others. The very concept of "Nekrasov school" did not mean at all that they were students of Nekrasov in literally... Rather, Nikolai Nekrasov was able to most fully express the totality of those tendencies of civil poetry of the 1840s-60s that were significant in their work: Dobrolyubov and Minaev were predominantly satirical poets, Nikitin was a peasant poets, as well as with other poets.
Even Chernyshevsky said that Nekrasov is the creator of a new period in Russian literature. The appearance of the term “Nekrasov school” itself was influenced by such a concept as “natural school”, which in the mid-1840s was also largely associated with the name of Nekrasov. The definition of "Nekrasovskaya school" was voiced for the first time in connection with the characterization of the poetry of Dmitry Minaev. The existence of such a trend was also recognized by critics who were hostile to democratic poetry. This school can be understood as the system of artistic principles that had developed in Russian (primarily democratic) poetry by the middle of the 19th century. The school influenced Russian poetry. Traces of the Nekrasov school are found even among the poets of a later time - Andrey Bely, Alexander Blok. However, usually under the school of Nekrasov they mean the poets of the 1850s-70s, who were ideologically and artistically closest to him and were directly influenced by him. Most of them were formed around a few democratic publications: Nekrasov's Sovremennik, Russkoye Slovo, Iskra. Nekrasov's poetry itself was characterized by nationality. Nekrasov was a poet who not only wrote about the people, but also spoke their language.

And Daria stood and froze
In his enchanted dream ...
3. Epic and lyrical lines.
Epic and lyrical lines develop in parallel, sometimes intertwining. The everyday description of the events of the first part is invaded by the lofty theme of the "stately Slav," the beauty and moral strength of a peasant woman. In the second part, with the advent of Frost, lubricating fantasy enters the everyday plot. At the same time, here, in the heroine's thoughts about life, village life is unusually concretely shown: all types of work - plowing, haymaking, harvesting, cleaning the garden, etc., the constant troubles of the people - the death of livestock, fires, recruitment, the death of the breadwinner.
The author reveals an excellent knowledge of the peasant life, the customs of the Russian people. It manifests itself in the description of the family structure, folk beliefs, agricultural work. The poet and folk art, in particular, is widely used by the poet. However, under the pen of Nekrasov, it is transformed in such a way that the cry of the Proclus family “My dear, you are our gray-winged! ..” turns out to be not only a ritual repetition of formulas, but an expression of genuine grief.
“My dear, you are our gray-winged!
Where did you fly from us?
Goodness, growth and strength
You had no equal in the village ... "
And the narration in the second part of the poem rises to an even greater epic height. Here in the center is the image of Daria, the world of her thoughts, feelings, moods. They are transmitted first as memories, then as dreams, then as reality, then as in a semi-conscious state of oblivion.
It is not the huntsman who blows the trumpet.
Rip off the head, -
Having burst into tears, pricks and chops
Firewood young widow ...
I got up early, bitter,
I didn't eat at home, I didn't take it with me,
Plowed arable land until nightfall,
At night I riveted a scythe,
In the morning I went to mow.
Each part of this chapter has its own rhythm. This is necessary in order to convey the various “moods” of the visions that are born in the consciousness of the freezing Daria. Pictures of light joyful labor and peaceful family life with her beloved husband and children impress the reader, especially since they are perceived against the background of an already accomplished tragedy - the death of Proclus and the death of Daria herself taking place before our eyes.

After graduating from the usual business,
I laid firewood on the logs,
She took the reins and wanted
Widow set off on the road.
Stands under the pine tree slightly alive,
Without thinking, without moaning, without tears,
In the forest, deathly silence -
The day is bright, the frost is growing stronger.
4. Connection with folklore.
At first it seems that the poem draws us to the famous fairy tale "Frost", but this is not the case. Nekrasov avoids any coincidences - this would simplify the image of the heroine. Nekrasov's image of Moroz differs significantly from the hero of the Russian fairy tale "Morozko". He personifies the harsh nature, among which the people live, mysterious, elemental forces, becomes a symbol of the "Russian all-destroying winter." But at the same time, Frost is a sorcerer, a wizard. He helps Daria to escape from the painful life, inviting her into a fabulously beautiful world. He even turns to Proklushka, Daria's beloved husband, to "enchant" her.
Like a sculpture, Daria freezes in a forest that has suddenly become fabulous, enters the natural world and remains in it.
Not a sound! The soul dies
For sorrow, for passion. You stand
And you feel yourself conquering
Her this dead silence.
Not a sound! And you see blue
The arch of the sky, yes the sun, yes the forest,
In matt silver frost
Dressed up, full of wonders ...
And Daria stood and froze
In his enchanted dream ...
5. The relevance of the poem today.
In this poem, the author rose to the highest level of artistic skill. No wonder the French literary critic Charles Corbet compared "Frost, Red Nose", as a unique epic work of "modern literature", with the Homeric epic. The poem is not only beautiful, but also mysterious, as it should be with the great creation of the master. And each era tries to find its own solution to this incomprehensible mystery.
No matter what the cost
Oblivion to my peasant,
What needs? She smiled.
We will not regret her.
No deeper, no sweeter peace
Which forest sends us
Motionless, fearlessly standing
Under the cold winter skies

III. Summarizing.
1. Reflection.
2. Homework on Russian literature: reading the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia".
3. Grading.

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Lesson objectives:

educational:

• create conditions for students to get acquainted with an excerpt from Nekrasov's work;
• to provide a conscious perception of the students of N. Nekrasov's poem.
• explore the content, language of the work;
• compare the image of Moroz in the work of N. Nekrasov with a fairy tale.
• create conditions for students to write spnkwain - as a way to characterize a character.
• to form the position of the reader by involving students in emotional and creative activity;

developing:

• develop the ability to conduct mini-research of literary text;
• ability to express and prove your point of view.

educational:

• the formation of interest (research) in fiction;
• education of a cultured reader, able to see and comprehend the deep layers of the meaning of a literary text

Lesson form:study lesson.

Formation of UUD:

cognitive:

• transform information from one form to another (verbal drawing, characterization, writing syncwine);
• draw conclusions as a result of the joint work of the class and the teacher;
• highlight the essential features of the object;
• build reasoning.

regulatory: develop skills:

• express your assumptions based on the material studied;
• formulate the topic and purpose of the lesson;
• plan your actions;
• carry out cognitive and personal reflection.

communicative:

• build speech statements; work in pairs, coordinate their actions with partners.

personal:

• develop the ability to show your attitude towards the hero; express your emotions;
• to form motivation for learning and purposeful cognitive activity.

Planned results:

subject:

• read consciously, expressively, without mistakes;
• work with text: describe the hero (compose a verbal portrait literary hero), its nature, based on the analysis of the work;
• express and argue your attitude to what you read, including the artistic side of the text.

Personal:

• show: interest in reading Russian poetry; your feelings when analyzing the work;
• interest and creativity in completing assignments.

Metasubject:

• be able to express their assumptions based on work with the textbook material
• line up training activities in accordance with the task;
• be able to listen and understand the speech of others;
• formalize your speech in oral and written form;
• be able to work in pairs;
• be able to find answers to questions in the text;
• be able to navigate to carry out the analysis of works;
• be able to self-assess the success of educational activities.

Basic concepts: impersonations, epithets, comparisons, syncwine.

Interdisciplinary communications: Russian, the world around.

Equipment: projector, presentation for the lesson, textbook “ Literary reading”, Grade 4, L.F. Klimanov, (UMK “Perspektiva”). Application .

During the classes