A short message about bulat okudzhava. Okudzhava Bulat - biography, facts from life, photos, reference information. Education and work

Soviet and Russian poet, bard, prose writer and screenwriter, composer

short biography

Bulat Shalvovich Okudzhava(named by parents at birth Dorian, in honor of Dorian Gray; May 9, 1924, Moscow, USSR - June 12, 1997, Clamart, France) - Soviet and Russian poet, bard, prose writer and screenwriter, composer. Author of about two hundred author's and pop songs, one of the most prominent representatives of the author's song genre in the 1960s-1980s. For the lyrics, Okudzhava chose not only his own poems, but also legends from the Caucasian folk epic.

Childhood and youth

Bulat Okudzhava was born in Moscow on May 9, 1924 into a family of Bolsheviks who came from Tiflis to study at the Communist Academy. Father - Shalva Stepanovich Okudzhava, Georgian, party leader; mother - Ashkhen Stepanovna Nalbandyan, Armenian, a relative of the Armenian poet Vahan Teryan. Uncle Vladimir Okudzhava is an anarchist terrorist who fled from Russian Empire after a failed assassination attempt on the governor of Kutaisi; later appeared on the passenger lists of the sealed carriage that brought Lenin, Zinoviev, Kamenev and other revolutionary leaders from Switzerland to Russia in April 1917.

The paternal great-grandfather's name was Pavel Peremushev. He came to Georgia in the middle of the 19th century, having previously served 25 years in the lower ranks and received a land allotment in Kutaisi for this. "Who he was - either a native hare, or a Mordvin, or a Jew from the cantonists - no information has survived, no daguerreotypes either."... He worked as a tailor, was married to a Georgian woman Salome Medzmariashvili. Three daughters were born in the marriage. The eldest of them - Elizaveta - married the Georgian Stepan Okudzhava, a clerk, with whom she had eight children, including Shalva Stepanovich.

Soon after the birth of Bulat, his father was sent to the Caucasus as a commissar of the Georgian division. Mother remained in Moscow, worked in the party apparatus. Bulat was sent to study in Tiflis, studied in a Russian class.

Father was promoted to secretary of the Tiflis City Committee. Due to the conflict with Beria, he asked Ordzhonikidze to send him to party work in Russia, and was sent to the Urals as a party organizer to build a carriage plant in the city of Nizhny Tagil. Then he became the 1st secretary of the Nizhny Tagil city party committee and soon sent his family to his Urals. Bulat began to study at school number 32.

In 1937, Okudzhava's father was arrested in connection with the Trotskyist case at Uralvagonstroy. The arrested director of the plant L. M. Maryasin testified that in August 1934 he and Okudzhava, during the visit of the People's Commissar of Heavy Industry Ordzhonikidze to Uralvagonstroy, tried to organize an attempt on him.

On August 4, 1937 Sh.S. Okudzhava was shot. The father's two brothers were also shot as supporters of Trotsky.

Soon after the arrest of his father, in February 1937, his mother, grandmother and Bulat moved to Moscow. The first place of residence in Moscow is Arbat Street, 43, apt. 12, communal apartment on the fourth floor.

Okudzhava's mother was arrested in Moscow in 1938 and exiled to Karlag, from where she returned in 1947. Father's sister Olga Okudzhava (wife of the poet Galaktion Tabidze) was shot at Orel in 1941.

In 1940 Bulat Okudzhava moved to his relatives in Tbilisi. He studied, then worked at the factory as an apprentice turner.

The Great Patriotic War

In April 1942, Bulat Okudzhava sought an early draft into the army. Was drafted after reaching the age of eighteen in August 1942 and sent to the 10th separate reserve mortar division.

After two months of training from October 1942 on the Transcaucasian Front, a mortarman in the cavalry regiment of the 5th Guards Don Cavalry Cossack Corps. On December 16, 1942, near Mozdok, he was wounded.

After the hospital, he did not return to the active army. From January 1943 he served in the 124th reserve infantry regiment in Batumi and later as a radio operator in the 126th howitzer artillery brigade of high power of the Transcaucasian Front, which during this period covered the border with Turkey and Iran.

Demobilized for health reasons in March 1944 with the rank of private guard. He was awarded medals "For the Defense of the Caucasus" and "For Victory over Germany", in 1985 - the order Patriotic War I degree.

Work as a teacher

Bulat Okudzhava, 1944

After demobilization he returned to Tbilisi. On June 20, 1944, he received a certificate of secondary education. In 1945 he entered the Faculty of Philology of Tbilisi University.

Having received his diploma in 1950, he worked as a teacher in the Kaluga Region for two and a half years.

Poet, bard

Okudzhava's first song "We didn’t sleep in the cold teapots" refers to the period of service in the artillery brigade, the text of the song has not survived. The second, "An old student song" ("Furious and stubborn ..."), was written in 1946. Okudzhava's poems first appeared in the garrison newspaper of the Transcaucasian Front "Soldier of the Red Army" (later - "Lenin's banner"), first under the pseudonym A. Dolzhenov.

While working in the Kaluga region, Okudzhava collaborated with the newspaper Molodoy Leninets. In 1956 he released his first collection "Lyrics".

In 1956, after the rehabilitation of both parents and the XX Congress of the CPSU, Okudzhava joined the party. In 1959 he moved to Moscow and began performing with his songs, quickly gaining popularity. This period (1956-1967) includes the composition of many well-known songs by Okudzhava: "On Tverskoy Boulevard", "Song of Lenka Korolev", "Song of the Blue Ball", "Sentimental March", "Song of the Midnight Trolleybus", "Not Tramps , not drunkards "," Moscow ant "," Song of the Komsomol goddess ", etc.

In 1961, the first in the USSR official evening of Okudzhava's author's song took place in Kharkov. In 1962, he first appeared on the screen in the film "Chain Reaction", in which he sang the song "Midnight Trolleybus".

In 1970, the film “Belorusskiy Vokzal” was released, in which Bulat Okudzhava's song “We need one victory” was performed. Okudzhava is the author of other popular songs for such films as "Straw Hat", "Zhenya, Zhenechka and Katyusha" (Okudzhava sings with a guitar in a cameo role), etc. total songs by Okudzhava and his poems are heard in more than 80 films.

Okudzhava became one of the brightest representatives of the genre of Russian author's song (which gained immense popularity with the advent of tape recorders) - along with V.S.Vysotsky (he called B. Okudzhava his spiritual teacher), A.A. Galich and Yu. Vizbor. In this genre, Okudzhava formed his own direction.

In 1967, during a trip to Paris, he recorded 20 songs at the Le Chant du Monde studio. In 1968, on the basis of these recordings, the first disc of Okudzhava's songs was released in France - Le Soldat en Papier... In the same year, a disc of his songs performed by Polish artists was released in Poland, and the song "Farewell to Poland" was performed by the author.

Since the mid-1970s, Okudzhava's records began to appear in the USSR: in 1974-1975, the first LP was recorded (released in 1976). It was followed in 1978 by the second Soviet giant disc.
In the mid-1980s, Okudzhava recorded two more giant discs: "Songs and Poems about the War" and "The Author Sings New Songs."

The songs of Bulat Okudzhava, spreading in tape recordings, quickly gained popularity, primarily among the intelligentsia: first in the USSR, and then among the Russian emigration. Songs "Let's join hands, friends ...", "The Prayer of François Villon" ("While the Earth is still spinning ...") became the anthem of many PCB meetings and festivals.

In addition to songs to his own poems, Okudzhava wrote a number of songs to the poems of the Polish poet Agnieszka Osecka, which he himself translated into Russian. Together with composer Isaac Schwartz, Okudzhava created 32 songs. The most famous among them is the song (used in the famous film "White Sun of the Desert"), the song of the cavalier guard ("The cavalier guard is a short century ...") from the movie "The Star of Captivating Happiness", the romance "Love and Separation" from the movie "We were not crowned in church", as well as songs from the film "Straw Hat".

In the 1990s, Okudzhava mainly lived in a dacha in Peredelkino. During this time he gave concerts in Moscow and St. Petersburg, in the USA, Canada, Germany and Israel.

Writer

In 1961, Bulat Okudzhava's autobiographical story "Be Healthy, Schoolboy" was published in the anthology "Tarusa Pages" (published in a separate edition in 1987). Later he published the stories "Poor Avrosimov" ("A Sip of Freedom") (1969), "The Adventures of Shipov, or Old Vaudeville" (1971) and written on historical material early XIX century novels "The Journey of Amateurs" (1976, 1978) and "Date with Bonaparte" (1983). Okudzhava considered the novel “Photographer Zhora” published in the West to be weak and never published it in his homeland.

At first, its literary work Okudzhava was also engaged in translations: he translated poems from Arabic, Spanish, Finnish, Swedish, languages ​​of the peoples of the socialist countries and the USSR, he also translated two books of prose. He wrote for children - the stories "The Front Comes to Us", "Adorable Adventures". Helping disgraced friends, he published under his own name an article by L. Kopelev about Dr. Haase and a book of poetry translated by Y. Daniel. The text of the song "Sail" (music by E. Glebova), written by O. Artsimovich, was also printed under his name.

In 1962, Okudzhava was admitted to the Writers' Union of the USSR. He took part in the work of the Magistral literary association, worked as an editor at the Molodaya Gvardiya publishing house, then as the head of the poetry department at Literary newspaper". In 1961 he quit his job and no longer worked for hire, being exclusively engaged in creative activities.

He was a member of the founding council of the Moscow News and Obshchaya Gazeta newspapers, a member of the editorial board of the Evening Club newspaper.

Okudzhava's works have been translated into many languages ​​and published in many countries of the world. His books were also published abroad in Russian.

Among his favorite writers Bulat Okudzhava named A. S. Pushkin, E. T. A. Hoffman and B. L. Pasternak.

Social activity

With the beginning of perestroika, Bulat Okudzhava began to take an active part in the political life of the country, taking an active democratic position.

Since 1989, Okudzhava is a founding member of the Russian PEN Center. In 1990 he left the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Since 1992 - member of the Commission for Pardons under the President of the Russian Federation, since 1994 - member of the Commission for State Prizes of the Russian Federation. He was also a member of the Council of the Memorial Society.

He had a negative attitude towards Stalin and Lenin.

Well, the wonderful generalissimo?

Your claws are safe today -

your silhouette with a low forehead is dangerous.

I don't keep track of past losses

but, even if in his retribution he is moderate,

I do not forgive, remembering the past.

- B. Okudzhava, 1981

In an interview with Stolitsa magazine in 1992, Okudzhava said: “Take our arguments with my mother, who, despite the fact that she spent 9 years (in the original mistakenly“ 19 ”) years in the camps, remained a staunch Bolshevik-Leninist. Well, I myself thought for some time that it was Stalin who ruined everything. " In an interview with Novaya Gazeta, he expressed the idea of ​​the similarity between the fascist and Stalinist regimes.

In 1993 he signed "Letter 42" demanding a ban on "communist and nationalist parties, fronts and associations ”, recognition of the illegitimate Congress of People's Deputies and the Supreme Soviet, the trial of supporters of the Supreme Soviet during the events of October 1993 in Moscow.

He spoke negatively about the leaders of the supporters of the Supreme Soviet (Khasbulatov, Makashov, Rutskoi) in an interview with the newspaper Podmoskovnye Izvestia on December 11, 1993.

He condemned the war in Chechnya.

On June 12, 1997, at the age of 74, Bulat Okudzhava died in a military hospital in the suburb of Paris Clamart. Before his death, he was baptized with the name John in memory of the holy martyr John the Warrior. This happened in Paris with the blessing of one of the elders of the Pskov-Pechersky monastery. He was buried at the Vagankovsky cemetery in Moscow.

Guitar

Bulat Okudzhava played a seven-string guitar with a Gypsy major tuning (5th string "C"), but later shifted the same tuning to a classical six-string guitar, getting rid of the 4th string "D". Julius Kim still plays in such a system.

A family

• Father - Shalva Stepanovich Okudzhava, party worker.
• Mother - Ashkhen Stepanovna Nalbandyan, a relative of the Armenian poet Vahan Teryan.
• First wife - Galina Vasilievna Smolyaninova (1926-1965).

• Son - Igor Okudzhava (January 2, 1954 - January 11, 1997).
• Daughter - died in early infancy.

• The second wife is Olga Vladimirovna Okudzhava (nee Artsimovich), the niece of Lev Artsimovich.

• Son - Bulat (Anton) Bulatovich Okudzhava (b. 1965), musician, composer.

Confession

Awards

• Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree (1985).
• Order of Friendship of Peoples (1984).
• Zhukov Medal (1996).
• Medal "For the Defense of the Caucasus" (1944).
• Medal "For Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945." (1945).
• Medal "Twenty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945." (1965).
• Medal "Thirty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945." (1975).
• Medal "Forty years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945." (1985).
• Medal "50 years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945." (1995).
• Medal "50 years Armed Forces USSR "(1968).
• Medal "60 years of the Armed Forces of the USSR" (1977).
• Medal "70 years of the Armed Forces of the USSR" (1988).
• Medal of Honor of the Board of the Soviet Peace Fund.

Awards, honorary titles

• First Prize and Golden Crown Prize, Yugoslavia (1967).
• Golden Guitar Prize at the San Remo Festival, Italy (1985).
• Honorary Doctorate of Humanities from the University of Norwich, USA (1990).
• Peño Penev Prize, Bulgaria (1990).
• Prize "For Courage in Literature" to them. AD Sakharov Independent Writers' Association "April" (1991).
• USSR State Prize (1991) - for the collection of poems "Dedicated to you" (1988).
• Russian Booker Prize (1994) - for the autobiographical novel "The Abolished Theater".
• Honorary Citizen of Kaluga (1996).

Memory

• The name Okudzhava was assigned to asteroid 3149.
• The State Memorial Museum of Bulat Okudzhava was founded on August 22, 1998, opened on October 31, 1999. Located in the Moscow region, Leninsky district, p / o Michurinets, pos. Peredelkino, st. Dovzhenko, 11.
• In 1998, the State Prize named after Bulat Okudzhava was established.
• Since April 14, 1998, Moscow School No. 69 has been named after B. Sh. Okudzhava.
• On May 9, 2015 in Nizhniy Tagil, on the facade of school number 32, a memorial plaque was opened in memory of B. Sh. Okudzhava, who studied within its walls in 1936-1937.

monuments

• On May 8, 2002, the first monument to Bulat Okudzhava was unveiled in Moscow. The monument is installed at the corner of Arbat and Plotnikov Lane.
• On September 8, 2007, a monument to Okudzhava was unveiled in Moscow in the courtyard of the Education Center No. 109. The author of both sculptures is Georgy Frangulyan.
• In honor of the poet's 80th birthday, a bas-relief of Okudzhava was unveiled in the Kaluga school No. 5.

Festivals and competitions named after Bulat Okudzhava

• International festival of Bulat Okudzhava
• Annual Moscow festival "And I will call friends ...", dedicated to Bulat Okudzhava
• Open city competition of patriotic author's song named after Bulat Okudzhava, Perm
• Israeli international festival in memory of Bulat Okudzhava
• All-Russian festival of author's song and poetry "Bulat's song in Kolontaevo"
• All-Russian festival of author's song and poetry "Bulat's song on Lake Baikal"

Creative heritage

Most famous songs

Published works

"Selected works in 2 volumes" - M., Sovremennik, 1989

Collections of poetry

• "Lyrics" - Kaluga, publishing house of the newspaper "Znamya", 1956
• "Islands" - M., Soviet writer, 1959
• "Merry drummer" - M., Soviet writer, 1964
• "On the way to Tinatin" - Tbilisi, Literature and Helovneba, 1964
• "March the magnanimous" - M., Soviet writer, 1967
• "20 Songs for Voice and Guitar" - Krakow, PWM, 1973 (Poland)
• "Arbat, my Arbat" - M., Soviet writer, 1976
• In collections "Songs of Russian Bards"... Texts. Series 1-4. // Compiled by V. Alla; design by Lev Nusberg. - Paris, YMCA-Press, 1977-78 (lyrics ~ 77 songs)
• "65 Songs" - Ann Arbor, Ardis, 1980 and 1986 (USA)
• "Poems" - M., Soviet writer, 1984
• "Dedicated to you" - M., Soviet writer, 1988
• “Songs of Bulat Okudzhava. Melodies and texts "- M., Music, 1989
• "Favorites" - M., Moscow worker, 1989
• "The grace of fate" - M., Moscow worker, 1993
• "Waiting room" - Nizhny Novgorod, Dekom, 1996
• "Tea drinking on the Arbat" - M., PAN, 1996; M., Crown-print, 1997
• "Poems" - SPb., Academic project, 2001 (series "New library of the poet")

Prose

• "The Front Comes to Us" - M., Children's Literature, 1967
• "Poor Avrosimov" (1969, in some subsequent editions - "A Sip of Freedom")
• "The Adventures of Shipov, or Old Vaudeville" - M., Soviet writer, 1975
• "A breath of freedom" - M., Politizdat, 1971 (series "Fiery revolutionaries")
• "Lovely Adventures" - Tbilisi, 1971

• "The Journey of Amateurs" - M., Soviet Writer, 1979
• "Selected Prose" - M., Izvestia, 1979
• "Appointment with Bonaparte" - M., Soviet writer, 1985
• "Be healthy, schoolboy!" - M., Pravda, 1987
• "The girl of my dreams" - M., Moscow worker, 1988
• "The art of cutting and sewing" - M., Soviet writer, 1990
• "The Adventures of a Secret Baptist" - M., 1991
• "Stories and Stories" - M., ART, 1992
• "The Adventures of Shipov" - M., Friendship of Peoples, 1992
• "Visiting Musician" - M., Olympus, 1993
• "The Abolished Theater" - M., ed. Rusanova, 1995

Other

• A Sip of Freedom (1966; play)

Screenplays

• Loyalty (1965; co-authored with P. Todorovsky; production: Odessa Film Studio, 1965)
• Zhenya, Zhenechka and Katyusha (1967; co-authored with V. Motyl; production: Lenfilm, 1967) M., Art, 1968
• "The Private Life of Alexander Sergeevich, or Pushkin in Odessa" (1966; co-authored with O. Artsimovich; film not directed)
• "We loved Melpomene ..." (1978; co-authored with O. Artsimovich; film not directed)

Filmography

Kinoroli

• 1962 - Chain Reaction - bus passenger
• 1963 - Ilyich's Outpost ("I'm twenty years old") - cameo - participant of a poetry evening(uncredited)
• 1967 - Zhenya, Zhenechka and Katyusha - military at the meeting of the new year(uncredited)
• 1975 - The star of captivating happiness - Kapellmeister at the ball(uncredited)
• 1976 - Non-transferable key - reciter of poems about Pushkin
• 1976 - Strogovs - an officer
• 1985 - Legal marriage - train passenger
• 1986 - Keep me, my talisman - cameo

Songs in movies

• 1961 - "Horizon" - lyrics
• 1961 - "My friend, Kolka!" - Lyrics
• 1962 - "Chain Reaction" - first appearance on the screen
• 1963 - "Zastava Ilyich" - song "I'm 20 years old"
• 1967 - "Zhenya, Zhenechka and Katyusha" (co-writer, cameo role)
• 1970 - "Theft" - song "Forest waltz" ("A musician in the forest under a tree plays a waltz")
• 1970 - "Belorusskiy Vokzal" - the author of the song "We need one victory" (orchestrated by Alfred Schnittke).
• 1970 - "White Sun of the Desert" - song lyrics "Your Honor, Lady Luck"
• 1973 - "Dagger" - the texts of "Songs of the Red Army" ("Blind cannon pounding") and "Songs of a street child" ( "I am standing at the Kursk railway station, young ...")
• 1974 - "Bronze Bird" - lyrics "You burn, burn, my fire"
• 1974 - Straw Hat - lyrics "I'm getting married" and etc.
• 1975 - "Star of Captivating Happiness" - lyrics
• 1975 - "To a clear fire" - songs "When it suddenly calms down", "Furious and stubborn", "Hope, I will return", "My horse", etc.
• 1975 - "The Adventures of Pinocchio" - lyrics of part of the songs
• 1975 - "From Dawn to Dawn" - song "Take your overcoat, let's go home"
• 1977 - "Aty-bats, soldiers were walking ..." - song "Take your overcoat, let's go home"
• 1977 - "Key without the right to transfer" - song "Let's exclaim"
• 1979 - "The wife is gone" - song "Another romance"
• 1981 - "Mushroom Rain" - the song "Old Soldier's Song"
• 1982 - "Intercession Gate" - songs "Painters", "Song of the Arbat", "Hourly Love"
• 1982 - "Leave a Trace" - the author of the song "There is torment by the fire"
• 1983 - "From the life of the head of the criminal investigation department" - songs "Pirate lyric" and "A song about fools"
• 1984 - Captain Fracass - the song "Autumn Rain", "Hopes painted door", "Oh, how days fly by after days" (music by Isaac Schwartz), "Here's some kind of horse"
• 1984 - "Darling, dear, beloved, the only one" - the song "Someone strives to become rich"
• 1985 - "Non-Professionals" - songs "Painters", "Let's join hands, friends"
• 1985 - "Legal marriage" - songs "After the rain, the heavens are more spacious ...", "This woman in the window" ("Long winters and summers will never merge ...")
• 1986 - "Secrets of Madame Wong", author of the song "The sun is shining, the music is playing"
• 1993 - This woman in the window ... - used the song of the same name
• 1999 - the series "With New Happiness!" - lyrics of the song "Autumn Rain" (music by Isaac Schwartz)
• 2004 - "Copper Babushka" - the song "The Past Cannot Be Turned Back"
• 2005 - "Turkish Gambit" - "Autumn Rain" (performed by Olga Krasko)
• 2013 - "Goodbye, boys" - the song "Ah, war, what have you done, mean?"

Documentaries

• "I remember a wonderful moment" (Lenfilm)
• "My Contemporaries", Lentelefilm, 1984
• "Two hours with bards", Mosfilm, 1988
• "And don't forget about me", Russian television, 1992

Discography

Gramophone records

• Songs of Bulat Okudzhava. Melody, 1966.D 00016717-8
• Le Soldat en Papier(Paris, firm "Le Chant du Mond"; 1968)
• Bulat Okudzhava. Songs. Melody, 1973.33D-00034883-84
• Bulat Okudzhava. Songs (poetry and music). Executed by the author. Melody, 1976. М40 38867
• Songs to verses by Bulat Okudzhava. Melody, 1978. M40 41235
• Bulat Okudzhava. Songs. Melody, 1978.G62 07097
• Bulat Okudzhava. Songs. Performed by Bulat Okudzhava. Melody, 1981.C60 13331
• Okudzhava Bulat. Songs and poems about the war. Melody, 1985
• Disc of songs. ("Balkanton", Bulgaria, 1985. VTK 3804)
• Bulat Okudzhava. Songs and poems about the war. Executed by the author. Recording of the All-Union studio of recording and soundtrack of films of 1969-1984. Melody, 1985. М40 46401 003
• Okudzhava Bulat. New songs. Recorded in 1986. Melody, 1986. С60 25001 009
• Bulat Okudzhava. A song as short as life itself ... Performed by the author. Recorded in 1986. Melody, 1987. С62 25041 006
• Songs to verses by Bulat Okudzhava from films. Melody

Cassette

• Bulat Okudzhava. While the earth is still turning. Notes of M. Kryzhanovsky 1969-1970. Under license from SoLyd Records. LLP "Moscow Windows", 1994. MO 005

CDs

• Bulat Okudzhava. While the earth is still spinning. Notes of M. Kryzhanovsky 1969-1970. SoLyd Records, 1994. SLR 0008
• Bulat Okudzhava. And as a first love ... Under license from Le Chant du Mond, recorded 1968. SoLyd Records, 1997. SLR 0079

Albums

• Reissue of the French album by Bulat Okudzhava, recorded in the studio Le chant du monde in 1967
• The first Soviet album by Bulat Okudzhava. Recorded 1974-1975, issue 1976
• The second Soviet album by Bulat Okudzhava. Recorded and released in 1978
• Album "The author sings new songs", mid-80s

Literature

• K. Rudnitsky. "Songs of Okudzhava and Vysotsky". // magazine "Theater Life", 1987, № 14-15
• Bulat Shalvovich Okudzhava: [Bibliography. 1945-1993] / Comp. I. V. Khanukaeva // Rus. writers. Poets: (Soviet period). Bibliography decree. - T. 16. - SPb .: Ros. nat. b-ka, 1994 .-- S. 180-275.
• Bykov D.L. Bulat Okudzhava. - M .: Molodaya gvardiya, 2009 .-- 784 p. (Series "Life of Remarkable People").
• Voice of Hope: New about Bulat Okudzhava. Issue 1-10 / Comp. A. E. Krylov. M .: Bulat, 2004-2013.
• Gizatulin M. Bulat Okudzhava: "... from the very beginning" - M .: Bulat, 2008.
• Kulagin A.V. Lyrics of Bulat Okudzhava: Scientific-popul. feature article. - M .: Bulat; Kolomna: KGPI, 2009 .-- 320 p.
• Tumanov V. Listening to Okudzhava: Twenty-Three Aural Comprehension Exercises in Russian. Newburyport MA: Focus Publishing R. Pullins & Company. 1996.2nd. Ed: 2000.
• Lemkhin M. A. “The photographer clicks, and the bird flies out”. - Los Angeles, Bulat Okudzhava USA Cultural Fund, 2015 .-- 78 p.

Bulat Okudzhava is the recognized founder of the author's song. Success came to Okudzhava because he turned not to the masses, but to the individual, not to everyone, but to each individual. Everyday, everyday life became the subject of poetry in his world.

He began to write poetry in childhood. For the first time, Okudzhava's poem was published in 1945 in the newspaper of the Transcaucasian Military District "Soldier of the Red Army" (later "Lenin's banner"), where during 1946 his other poems were also published. In 1953-1955, Okudzhava's poems regularly appeared on the pages of Kaluga newspapers. The first collection of his poems "Lyrics" was published in Kaluga in 1956. In 1959, Okudzhava's second collection of poetry, "Islands", was published in Moscow. In subsequent years, Okudzhava's poems were published in many periodicals and collections, books of his poems were published in Moscow and other cities.

More than 800 poems belong to Okudzhava. Many of his poems are born with music, there are already about 200 songs.

For the first time he tries himself in the genre of songs during the war. In 1946, as a student at Tbilisi University, he created "Student Song" ("Furious and stubborn, burn, fire, burn ..."). Since 1956, he was one of the first to act as an author of poetry and music of songs and their performer. Okudzhava's songs attracted attention. There were tape recordings of his performances, which brought him wide popularity. Recordings of his songs were sold throughout the country in thousands of copies. His songs sounded in films and performances, in concert programs, in television and radio broadcasts. The first disc was released in Paris in 1968, despite the resistance of the Soviet authorities. Noticeably later, the discs were released in the USSR.

At present, a fund of Okudzhava's tape recordings has been created in the State Literary Museum in Moscow, numbering over 280 storage units.

The poetry of Okudzhava is used by professional composers. An example of luck is V. Levashov's song to the verses of Okudzhava "Take your greatcoat, let's go home." But the most fruitful was the collaboration of Okudzhava with Isaac Schwartz ("Drops of the Danish King", "Your Honor", "Song of the Horse Guards", "Road Song", songs for the TV movie "Straw Hat" and others).

Books (collections of poems and songs): "Lyrics" (Kaluga, 1956), "Islands" (Moscow, 1959), "The Merry Drummer" (Moscow, 1964), "On the Road to Tinatin" (Tbilisi, 1964), "Magnanimous March" (Moscow, 1967), "Arbat, my Arbat" (Moscow, 1976), "Poems" (Moscow, 1984, 1985), "Dedicated to you" (Moscow, 1988), "Favorites" (M., 1989), "Songs" (M., 1989), "Songs and Poems" (M., 1989), "Drops of the Danish King" (M., 1991), "Fate's Grace" (M., 1993 ), "A song about my life" (Moscow, 1995), "Tea drinking on the Arbat" (Moscow, 1996), "Waiting room" (N. Novgorod, 1996).

Okudzhava Bulat Shalvovich - Russian poet, composer, prose writer, writer. He is widely known as one of the brightest performers of the author's song in the USSR in the 50-80s of the last century. More than two hundred different compositions were included in the repertoire, which was performed by Okudzhava Bulat. The biography of this man, who has become a vivid symbol of the so-called era of the sixties, as well as one of the brightest writers and musicians of his generation, is offered to your attention.

Pre-war time

Bulat Okudzhava's life was dramatic and unusual. Few know that he was given the name Dorian at birth, named after the hero of the novel, Oscar Wilde. Okudzhava Bulat, whose biography is offered in this article, was born in Moscow on May 9, 1924. His parents were staunch communists. Shalva Okudzhava, father, was Georgian, came to Moscow to study at the Communist Academy. Ashkhen Nalbadnyan, an Armenian mother, was closely related to Vagan Teryan, a famous poet from Armenia.

In 1926, after completing their parents' studies, the family returned to Tbilisi. Bulat's father made a party career: he worked in the city party committee in this city, was a division commissar. But after a conflict with Beria, Shalva Okudzhava asked for a job in Russia and was sent to the Urals. Here he worked first as a party organizer in Nizhny Tagil during the construction of a plant, after which he was appointed first secretary of the local city party committee.

Bulat Okudzhava began his studies in Russian in Tbilisi, and then in Nizhny Tagil, where he moved with his mother after his father. Shalva's career was interrupted Like many other party members who were considered "unreliable", his further destiny was as follows: first, the link to the camp, after which - the execution. It was a difficult time that Bulat Okudzhava went through. Biography, family, origin of the poet were reflected later in his work. The boy's mother returned with her son to Moscow, and they began to live on the Arbat. She was arrested in 1938 and sent to a special camp for the wives of "traitors to the Motherland." She returned from there only 17 years later, in 1955.

Okudzhava Bulat, whose biography began dramatically, during his life tried not to remember this time. Only in 1993, in his declining years, he spoke about the tragic family events in his novel "The Abolished Theater".

Bulat Okudzhava returned to Tbilisi in 1940, where his relatives lived. After leaving school, he entered the factory and worked for some time as an apprentice turner.

After the onset of the Great Patriotic War, in 1942, a 17-year-old boy volunteered for the front. He served as an artillery radio operator, mortar operator, and took part in many battles. It was at that time that he created one of his first songs entitled "We Couldn't Sleep in Teplushki". In 1943, after being seriously wounded near Mozdok, Bulat Shalvovich was sent behind the front line, to the rear.

The beginning of literary activity

Demobilized at the end of the war, Bulat Okudzhava, short biography which is now covered, passed the external exams for high school... Then, in 1950, he graduated from the Faculty of Philology of Tbilisi University and left for the Kaluga region, in the village of Shamordino, where he taught literature and Russian at school. Six years later, the local publishing house of Kaluga published his first collection of poems entitled "Lyrics". And in 1954 in the newspaper "Young Leninist" poems were published, which were written by Okudzhava Bulat Shalvovich. His biography is further connected with Moscow.

Return to the capital

After the famous XX Congress of the Communist Party, in 1956, when he was convicted by its members, Okudzhava's mother was rehabilitated. Together with her son, she moved to Moscow with the permission of the government. In the same year Bulat Shalvovich became a member of the CPSU.

His active work in the literary field began in 1957. He worked at that time in "Komsomolskaya Pravda", "Literaturnaya gazeta" and "Molodaya gvardiya" editor. Bulat Okudzhava's story "Be healthy, schoolboy" in 1961 was included in the literary almanac "Tarusa Pages", which was famous writer(it was on this story that director V. Motyl made the film "Zhenya, Zhenechka and Katyusha" in 1965).

Increased popularity

During this period, the popularity of Okudzhava began to grow. They began to recognize him both as a performer and as an author of his songs. In 1956-1966 he composed many compositions that enjoy love and popularity to the present day "Blue Ball", "Midnight Trolleybus", "About Lyonka Korolev", "Song of the Ant", "Sentimental March", "Not Tramps, Not Drinkers " and many others).

Bulat Shalvovich worked in Moscow, as we have already mentioned, as an editor, after which he worked as the head of the poetry department at Literaturnaya Gazeta. He was a member of the Magistral association, was one of its most active members. In 1962, Bulat Shalvovich was also admitted to the Writers' Union.

His first works, I must say, were very coolly received by official criticism. For example, in the story "Be Healthy, Schoolboy" they saw pacifist sentiments expressed in the young man's perception of the war, the events of which were reflected in the biography of Bulat Okudzhava. Summary This work is as follows: it tells about a 17-year-old boy who came to the front, about how boys, who had recently been schoolchildren, passed through themselves and understood the war, how it changed people and shattered illusions. You can also get acquainted with this story through the aforementioned film "Zhenya, Zhenya, Katyusha". Bulat Okudzhava, whose biography and work are very interesting, expressed in this work his thoughts and feelings experienced by him. Almost all songs were strongly condemned in the early 1960s, since the Writers' Union expressed the idea that they did not represent the true aspirations and mood of Soviet heroic youth.

Okudzhava in the late 1960s turned to the study and interpretation of historical events. At this time he wrote the novel "Poor Avrosimov", dedicated to Pavel Pestel, as well as the play "A Sip of Freedom" about Mikhail Bestuzhev. During the same period, he became interested in the biography of Tolstoy, in particular, why this writer was constantly pursued by the gendarmes. Shipov's Adventures, an adventure novel, was the result of this research. These works received a very ambiguous assessment from the official criticism, however, they were received positively among the intelligentsia and became very popular.

Songs written for motion pictures

In 1962, Bulat Shalvovich took part in the creation of cinema for the first time: he performed the song "Midnight Trolleybus" of his own composition in a film called "Chain Reaction". National fame came to Okudzhava in 1970, after the film "Belorussky Station" was released, in which the song "And now we need one victory" sounded - one of the best in his work. Okudzhava later said that when the director asked him to write a song for this film, at first he refused.

It was necessary not only to create a composition, but precisely with the stylization of the text for the poetic creativity of the period of the Great Patriotic War, since, according to the plot, it was supposed to be performed by an ordinary soldier, a front-line poet sitting in a trench, composing simple lines about his friends, and not a professional. Such a task seemed very difficult to Bulat Shalvovich, since he always wrote about the war from the position of a person who already lives in peacetime, but at the front they thought, spoke, sang differently. However, the memory prompted musical intonation and right words... After such an experience, Bulat Shalvovich became the author of many popular songs created for more than eighty films.

Freethinking

Okudzhava left his job in 1961, deciding to devote himself exclusively to creativity. At that time he loved to flaunt this independence. His poems were published abroad, he signed a letter in defense of Sinyavsky and Daniel. Strange as it may seem, there was no punishment for such "freethinking".

Song creativity

The biography of this author will be incomplete if you do not point out such an important branch of his work as the author's song. The first concert took place in Kharkov in 1961. The first records appeared in Poland and Paris in 1968, and since the mid-1970s, recordings of songs began to be released in our country.

Last years

Our story about such a great person as Okudzhava Bulat Shalvovich has come to an end. A brief biography in the aspect of the last years of his life is inextricably linked with perestroika. During this period, he took an active part in the life of the country. In 1990, Okudzhava Bulat, whose biography was presented in this article, left the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. The last concert of the performer took place in Paris in June 1995, and two years later, Okudzhava died in Clamart, a Parisian suburb.

Poet, bard. In the cinema he acted as an actor, screenwriter, songwriter and poetry writer.

The parents were repressed, the boy grew up with his grandmother in Moscow, in 1940 he moved to his relatives in Tbilisi.
Member of the Great Patriotic War.
Graduated from Tbilisi State University (1950). Worked as a teacher.
Published since 1953, gave concerts. One of the generally recognized founders of the "author's song". He wrote songs for films by Marlen Khutsiev, Valery Rubinchik, Pyotr Todorovsky, Vladimir Motyl, Dinara Asanova, Andrey Smirnov and other directors.
The author of unforgettable songs: "Again spring in this world", "I again met with hope", "Hours of love". Collections of poetry: "Lyrics" (1956), "Islands" (1959), "The Merry Drummer" (1964), "On the Road to Tinatin" (1964), "Magnanimous March" (1967), "Arbat, my Arbat" ( 1976). Stories: "Be healthy, schoolboy" (1961), "The front comes to us" (1967). Historical stories: “Poor Avrosimov” (1969, “A Sip of Freedom” - 1971), “Mercy, or Shipov's Adventures. An Old Vaudeville "(1971). The novels "The Journey of Amateurs" (1-2 books, 1976-1978), "Meeting with Bonaparte" (1983).
In 1997, a decree of the President of the Russian Federation approved the regulation on the Bulat Okudzhava Prize for "the creation of works in the genre of author's song and poetry, contributing to Russian culture."
In Peredelkino (Moscow region) the museum of B.Sh. Okudzhava.

His father, Shalva Okudzhava, was a Georgian by nationality, his mother, Ashkhen Nalbandian, was Armenian.

In 1934, with his parents, he moved to Nizhny Tagil, where his father was appointed first secretary of the city party committee, and his mother - secretary of the district committee.

In 1937, Okudzhava's parents were arrested. On August 4, 1937, Shalva Okudzhava was shot on false charges, Ashkhen Nalbandian was exiled to the Karaganda camp, from where she returned only in 1955.
After the arrest of his parents, Bulat lived with his grandmother in Moscow. In 1940 he moved to his relatives in Tbilisi.

Since 1941, since the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, he worked as a turner at a defense plant.

In 1942, after finishing the ninth grade, he volunteered for the front. He served on the North Caucasian Front as a mortar, then as a radio operator. He was wounded near Mozdok.

“In 1942, after the ninth grade, seventeen years old, I voluntarily went to the front. He fought, was a mortarman, private, soldier. Basically - the North Caucasian front. Wounded near Mozdok from a German plane. And after the recovery - heavy artillery of the reserve of the High Command ...
That's all that I have been able to see.

I didn't get to Berlin.

I was a very funny soldier. And, probably, there was a little sense from me. But I tried very hard to make everyone happy. I shot when I needed to shoot. Although I will honestly tell you that not with great love I shot because killing people is not a very pleasant thing. Then - I was very afraid of the front.

The first day I got to the front line. Both I and several of my comrades, like me, seventeen-year-olds, looked very cheerful and happy. And we had submachine guns hanging on our chests. And we walked forward to the location of our battery. And everyone has already imagined how we will now be at war and fight perfectly.

And at the very moment when our fantasies reached their climax, suddenly a mine exploded, and we all fell to the ground, because we were supposed to fall. But we fell, as expected, and the mine fell from us at a distance of half a kilometer.

Then everyone who was nearby walked past us, and we lay. Everyone went about their business, and we lay. Then we heard ourselves laughing. They raised their heads. We realized that it was time to get up. We got up and went too.

This was our first baptism of fire. That was when I first learned that I was a coward. First time. By the way, I must tell you that before that I considered myself a very brave person, and everyone who was with me considered themselves the bravest.

And then there was a war. I learned and saw a lot ... And I also learned that everyone who was with me, they were also afraid. Some showed the view, others did not. Everyone was afraid. This was a little consolation.

The impression from the front was very strong, because I was a boy. And then, later, when I began to write poetry, my first poems were on a military theme. There were many poems. They made songs. Of some. These were mostly sad songs. Well, because, I can tell you, there is nothing funny in war. "

As a regimental lead singer, in 1943 at the front he composed his first song "We couldn't sleep in the cold teplushki ...", the text of which has not survived.
Okudzhava: "There is nothing funny in the war."
In 1945, Okudzhava was demobilized and returned to Tbilisi, where he passed exams for high school as an external student.
In 1950 he graduated from the Faculty of Philology of Tbilisi state university, worked as a teacher - first in a rural school in the village of Shamordino, Kaluga region and in the regional center of Vysokinichi, then in Kaluga.
He worked as a correspondent and literary employee of the Kaluga regional newspapers Znamya and Molodoy Leninets.

Okudzhava's first poem was published in 1945 in the newspaper of the Transcaucasian Military District "Fighter of the Red Army". Then the poet's poems were regularly published in other newspapers.

In 1946, Okudzhava wrote the first of the surviving songs "Furious and Stubborn."

In 1956, after the publication of the first collection of poems "Lyrics" in Kaluga, Bulat Okudzhava returned to Moscow, worked as deputy editor for the department of literature in the newspaper " TVNZ”, Editor at the publishing house“ Molodaya gvardiya ”, then head of the poetry department at“ Literaturnaya gazeta ”. He took part in the work of the Magistral literary association.

In 1959, the second poetry collection of the poet "Islands" was published in Moscow.

In 1962, having become a member of the Union of Writers of the USSR, Okudzhava left the service and devoted himself entirely to creative activity.
The author of the collections of lyrics "The Merry Drummer" (1964), "On the Road to Tinatin" (1964), "March the Magnanimous" (1967), "Arbat, my Arbat" (1976) and others.

In 1996, the last poetry collection of Okudzhava was published - "Tea drinking on the Arbat".

Since the 1960s, Okudzhava has worked extensively in the prose genre. In 1961, in the almanac "Tarusa Pages", his autobiographical story "Be Healthy, Schoolboy" was published (a separate edition was published in 1987), dedicated to yesterday's schoolchildren who had to defend the country from fascism. The story received a negative assessment of the official critics, who accused Okudzhava of pacifism.

In 1965, Vladimir Motyl managed to film this story, giving the film the title “Zhenya, Zhenya and Katyusha”. In subsequent years, Okudzhava wrote autobiographical prose, which compiled collections of stories "The Girl of My Dreams" and "Visiting Musician", as well as the novel "The Abolished Theater" (1993).
In the late 1960s, Okudzhava turned to historical prose. The novel Poor Avrosimov (1969) about the tragic pages in the history of the Decembrist movement, The Adventures of Shipov, or Old Vaudeville (1971) and the novels The Journey of Amateurs written on historical material from the early 19th century (1976 - the first part; 1978 - the second part) and "Meeting with Bonaparte" (1983).

Okudzhava's poetic and prose works have been translated into many languages ​​and published in many countries of the world.

Since the second half of the 1950s, Bulat Okudzhava began to act as an author of poems and music of songs and their performer, becoming one of the generally recognized founders of the author's song.
Okudzhava is the author of over 200 songs
The earliest known songs by Okudzhava date back to 1957−1967 ("On Tverskoy Boulevard", "Song about Lenka Korolyov", "Song about a Blue Ball", "Sentimental March", "Song about a Midnight Trolleybus", "Not Tramps, Not drunkards "," Moscow ant "," Song of the Komsomol goddess ", etc.). The tape recordings of his performances instantly spread throughout the country. Okudzhava's songs sounded on radio, television, in films and performances.

Okudzhava's concerts took place in Bulgaria, Austria, Great Britain, Hungary, Australia, Israel, Spain, Italy, Canada, France, Germany, Poland, USA, Finland, Sweden, Yugoslavia and Japan.

In 1968, the first disc with Okudzhava's songs was released in Paris. Since the mid-1970s, his discs were also published in the USSR. In addition to songs based on his own poems, Okudzhava wrote a number of songs based on the poems of the Polish poet Agnieszka Osecka, which he himself translated into Russian.
Okudzhava's concerts were held in Europe, USA, Canada and Japan
The film by Andrei Smirnov "Belorussky Railway Station" (1970), in which a song was performed to the words of the poet "Birds do not sing here ...", brought nationwide fame to the performer.

Okudzhava is the author of other popular songs for such films as "Straw Hat" (1975), "Zhenya, Zhenechka and Katyusha" (1967), "White Sun of the Desert" (1970), "Captivating Star of Happiness" (1975). In total, Okudzhava's songs and his poems are heard in more than 80 films.

In 1994, Okudzhava wrote his last song - "Departure".

In the second half of the 1960s, Bulat Okudzhava co-authored the script for the films Loyalty (1965) and Zhenya, Zhenechka and Katyusha (1967).

In 1966 he wrote the play "A Sip of Freedom", which a year later was staged in several theaters at once.

V last years In his life Bulat Okudzhava was a member of the founding council of the Moskovskiye Novosti newspaper, Obshchaya Gazeta, a member of the editorial board of the Vecherniy Klub newspaper, a member of the Council of the Memorial Society, vice-president of the Russian PEN Center, a member of the pardon commission under the President of the Russian Federation (since 1992 ), member of the Commission for State Prizes of the Russian Federation (since 1994).

On June 23, 1995, Okudzhava's last concert took place at the UNESCO headquarters in Paris.

On June 12, 1997, Bulat Okudzhava died in a clinic in Paris. According to his will, he was buried at the Vagankovskoye cemetery in Moscow.

Okudzhava was married twice.

From his first marriage with Galina Smolyaninova, the poet had a son, Igor Okudzhava (1954-1997).

In 1961, he met his second wife, his niece. famous physicist Lev Artsimovich - Olga Artsimovich. Son from his second marriage Anton Okudzhava (born in 1965) - composer, accompanist of his father at creative evenings in recent years.

In 1997, in memory of the poet, a decree of the President of the Russian Federation approved the regulation on the Bulat Okudzhava Prize, awarded for the creation of works in the genre of author's song and poetry that contribute to Russian culture.

In October 1999, the State Memorial Museum of Bulat Okudzhava was opened in Peredelkino.

In May 2002, the first and most famous monument to Bulat Okudzhava was unveiled in Moscow at 43 on the Arbat.

The Bulat Okudzhava Foundation annually organizes the “Visiting Musician” evening at the Tchaikovsky Concert Hall in Moscow. Festivals named after Bulat Okudzhava are held in Kolontaevo (Moscow region), on Lake Baikal, in Poland and in Israel.