M.P.Novikov. Pocket dictionary of atheist. The meaning of the word atheist in the sensible dictionary of the Atheist Dictionary
atheism
(from Greek. "A" detention. Particle and Theos - God; letters. - Bearless) - the system of views rejecting the relig. Representations (faith in God, in the immortality of the soul, on Sunday from the dead, etc.) and religion as a whole. A. How the view system is not reduced only to historical., Form., Native. -Cache Criticizing religion. A. Discloses the specifics and essence of the Relig. Reflection of reality, materialistically explains the causes of the emergence and sources of faith in the masses, studies social. The nature of religion, conditions and ways to overcome it. A. is one of important parties Materialist. worldview, materialist. philosophy and relies on the same nature. Base as materialism. He claims scientific. A look at nature and o-in, frees a person from delusions and prejudice. A. It should be distinguished from the Indifferentism of the Relig., Anticlerybalism and freightness. From A. It is also necessary to distinguish deism I am pantheism, which are often deeply connected with A. Development A. Always went in parallel with the development of materialism in philosophy. The more consistent materialism, the more reliable foundation it represents for A. Naive materialism was ideh. The basis of the struggle against religion in the countries of others. East and in the ancient societies of others. Greece and others. Rome. Metaphysic. Materialism developed in Europe. countries in 16-18 centuries, often acted because of its limitations in connection with A., but with deism. Form The basis of A. Marxist is dialectich. and history. materialism. A. arose in ancient times as a reflection of society. - Economic., Soc.-Clas. Relationship, based on the success of science and materialist. philosophy. He, as a rule, expressed the interests of progress. Societies, forces who fought against canned. orders and religion, ideologies that consecrated these orders. In every historic. The era changed the volume and content of the concept A. Historically, the first form A. was L.? Rablabel. Oh-ve. He reached the greatest development in DR. Greece and others. Rome. In the period of the feud. The Middle Ages Religion became dominance, ideology form. The church used any means to fight against A. and freedomiff in feud. Oh, however, it was not able to stop the development of scientific. Thoughts. Further step in the development of atheismic. The thoughts were A. Bourgeois era of the Renaissance and the New Time, which was spiritual arms progress. classes in the fight against feudalism and feud. Church for their savings, and poly-tich. Interests. A special place in pre-Marxovsky A. occupies A. Rus. roar. Democrats. Despite his historic. Limitations, pre-Marx A. represented an outstanding milestone in the spiritual life of humanity and was an integral element of the development of civilization. But Higher., To the end of the consistent form A. is A. Marxist.M. P. Novikov
Pocket Dictionary atheist
This publication has a clear reader's address. It is intended for propagandists, lecturers, argazes, organizers of atheistic work.
The dictionary does not claim to give an explanation of the literally of all terms and concepts encountered in the practice of scientific atheism. His task is more modest - to acquaint readers with the most common concepts with which propagandists have to deal with the process of atheistic education. The desire to create a low-volume, pocket format, convenient for propagandists the dictionary is explained by the fact that it is not included in the staff.
Work on the dictionary was carried out by the publisher together with the Department of History and the theory of Atheism of Moscow state University them. M. V. Lomonosov. The wordless and articles were discussed at the Department with the involvement of the scientific community, propagandists of scientific atheism.
Abbey - Catholic. The monastery headed by the abbot - Abbat (female - Abbatisoy). In the Middle Ages, A. owned extensive lands, enjoyed a significant political and economic influence, served by the rareman of the Relig. fanaticism. Part A. was liquidated during the reformation and during the bourgeois revolutions. The preserved continues to propaganda and protect the ideas of Catholicism.
Augustinism is the flow of Christ. Philosophy, developing an idea of \u200b\u200bfaith as an internal communication of a person with God, about knowing God with an irrational way. Founder A. is theologian Augustine Aureli (354 - 430). During a number of centuries A. was a dominant teaching in Catholic. churches. After 13 V. A. inferior to Tomismu. In the present, BP, without being the official philosophy of Catholicism, A., however, uses Catholic. circles noticeable influence.
AutoCefalia (from Greek. Autos - Himself and Kephale - Head) - in Orthodoxy - Independence of one local church from another. The first autocephalous churches arose in the territory of the Roman Empire and in the neighboring states. In 4 c. Four autocephalous churches were formed: Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, Jerusalem. Later, the Cypriot and Georgian and Georgian separated from the Antioch. In the present BP. There are 15 autochefal Orthodox churches: Albanian, Alexandria, American, Antioch, Bulgarian, Georgian, Jerusalem, Cyprus, Konstantinople, Polish, Romanian, Russian, Serbian, Czechoslovak and Elaladskaya.
The autonomous church - independently choosing the chapter of the Church on his own statement, with the subsequent approval by his patriarch of the autochetal church, under which A. c. exists. A. c. are the Finnish and Japanese Orthodox Church.
Agiography (from Greek. Hagios - Saint Hgrapho - I write, I describe) - View of church. Literature, which is the lives of saints.
Lamb - lamb, sacrificial animal. In Christianity, the expression "Lamb of God" is usually used (Lat. Agnus dei). It denotes Jesus Christ, his death of the redeemed sins of people. In Catholic. Liturgy "Agnus Dei" - the name of the prayer, K-paradium is read from the end of the 6th century. According to the command of Pope Gregory I.
Agricultural (agricultural) cults - a set of religious and magical beliefs and rites in ancient agricultural peoples in order to influence the supernatural way on the elements of nature to increase productivity. In A. K. Generate Magich. actions aimed against hazards threatening crop or pet (drought, gardeing, locust, cocopy case, etc.). Historically, Matriarchal and Patriarchal complexes are distinguishable. The ancient complex A. K. is the matriarchal, which emerged in the era of early hoe farming. For this complex A. K. The women's composition of the deities are characteristic of the lack of priesthood. An example of the matriarchal A. K. The religion of the North American Indians - Iroquitzov, where the Spirits-Kormilitsy was worshiped: the spirit of Maisa (corn), the spirit of beans and the Spirit of Pumpkin. The disintegration of the maternal generic system and the establishment of the patriarchal system caused the appearance of male deities that took place for women. An example of a patriarchal complex A. K. Could serve the Version Slavic Religion and its Pantheon: Veles, Yarilo, Lady-God, Perun, etc. Patriarchal complex A. K. in pure form Not found, in it there is always a liquefaction of the matriarchal A. K.
Hell (from Greek. Aides - Underground Kingdom) - by Relig. Representations - a place where sinners are subjected to torment. Presentations about. A., about the posthumous reward for sins always played reactants. The role in Oba: On the one hand, the anger of the working people against the oppressors was quenched, inspiring the hope that the oppressants would suffer the punishment after death, on the other hand, held them from decisive actions, inspiring them fear of perpetual flour for the lack of humility, humility, patience .
Pocket Dictionary atheist
Edited by Dr. Philosophy, Professor M. P. Novikova
(C) Politicism, 1983
From the editor
This publication has a clear reader's address. It is intended for
propagandists, lecturers, argazes, organizers of atheistic work.
The dictionary does not pretend to give an explanation of the literally all terms and
concepts found in the practice of scientific atheism. His task more
modest - to introduce readers with the most common concepts, with
which propagandists have to deal in the process of atheistic
education. The desire to create a low-pass, pocket format, convenient
for propagandists, the dictionary is explained by what is not included in it.
personalia.
Work on the dictionary was conducted by the publisher together with the Department of History and
theory of Atheism of the Moscow State University. M. V.
Lomonosov. The wordless and articles were discussed at the Department with the involvement of scientific
public, propagandists of scientific atheism.
Abbey - Catholic. The monastery led by the abbot - Abbat
(female - Abbatisoy). In the Middle Ages A. owned extensive lands,
enjoyed a significant political and economic influence, served
female Relig. fanaticism. Part A. was liquidated in the period
Reformation and during bourgeois revolutions. Preserved continue
propaganda and protection of ideas of Catholicism.
Augustinism is the flow of Christ. philosophy, developing an idea of
faith as an internal communication of a person with God, about knowing God irrational
way. Founder A. is theologian Augustine Aureli (354 - 430). IN
the course of a number of centuries A. was dominant teaching in Catholic. churches. After 13.
in. A. inferior to Tomismu. In nasty, bp., Not being official
the philosophy of Catholicism, A., however, uses Catholic. circles noticeable
influence.
AutoCefalia (from Greek. Autos - Himself and Kephale - Head) - in Orthodoxy -
independence of one local church from another. The first autochefal churches
there were in the territory of the Roman Empire and in neighboring states. In 4 c.
four autocephalous churches were formed: Constantinople,
Alexandria, Antioch, Jerusalem. Later from Antiochian
separated Cypriot and Georgian. In the present BP. There are 15 autochefal
orthodox churches: Albanian, Alexandria, American,
Antioch, Bulgarian, Georgian, Jerusalem, Cyprus,
Konstantinople, Polish, Romanian, Russian, Serbian, Czechoslovak and
Eleladskaya.
Autonomous Church - independently choosing on its own
Current page: 1 (In total, the book is 19 pages)
Annotation.
The "Pocket Dictionary of Atheist" is designed for propagandists, lecturers, ardigurs, organizers of atheistic work. It includes the most common terms and concepts with which atheists can face in practice educational work. Edited by Dr. Philosophy, Professor M. P. Novikova
Yu. A. Bakhnikin, M. S. Belenky,
A. V. Belov, I. F. Belova,
Yu. F. Borunkov, S. A. Bochorova,
I. I. Zhodnik, A. I. Golodko,
G. R. Golst, T. D. Gulykevich,
R. N. Danilchenko, V. I. Dmitriev,
V. I. Dobden, L. I. Emelyanova,
V. F. Zybkovets, A. N. Kochetov,
O. A. Ladornko, R. R. Maveltov,
V. A. Mazohip, S. T. Mashchenko,
A. P. Moiseeva, L. 3. Nemirovskaya,
M. P. Novikov, F. G. Ovsienko,
S. M. Orlov, N. A. Pashkov,
N. D. Kufakova, L. T. Pinchuk,
L. P. Polyakova, L. A. Popov,
M. A. Popova, I. A. Prokhorov,
A. A. Radugin, N. S. Semenkin,
A. A. Slasarev, S. S. Sobolev,
V. P. Odchenikina, 3. A. Tazhurizina,
A. A. Tkachenko, N. N. Umanets,
V.A. Urozheva, I. S. Shhalova,
V. N. Farafontes, A. P. Shushkova,
G. I. Ezrin, I. N. Applekov.
Moscow © Politicizdat 1986
Pocket Dictionary atheist
From the editor
Abbey
Augustinism
Avochefalia
Autonomous church
Hagiography
Agrarian cults
Adventists
Academy spiritual
Hallelujah
Albigoisa
Anabaptists
Anal, tax, analogies
Anglican Church
Anglocatolyticism
Animatism
Anisimovtsy
Anticlerikalism
Antimine
Antichrist
Anthropogenesis
Anthropomorphism
Antropotatism
Anthroposophy
Anthropocentrism
Apocalypse
Apocrypha
Apologetics
Apostles
Arianism
Armageddon
"Salvation Army"
Armenian church
Church archeology
Bishops
Archimandrite
Asceticism
Astral cults
Astrology
Atheism Marxist
Atheistic education
Basilian
Batification
Befopopovtsy
Definition Christianity
Belokrinitskaya hierarchy
Benedictine
Shipovtsy
Immortality soul
Biblical criticism
Blagovest
Annunciation
Grace
Blessing
MANYABILITY, COORTHNOE
Foreigner
God's knowledge
Theology, Theology
Liturgical books
Loboria
Blasphemy
Church marriage
"Bratsk Bulletin"
Brahmanism
Breviaria
Brest churchy
Bumanism
Babel
Vakhanalia
Walpurgis Night
Barfolomeevskaya night
Vatican cathedrals
The introduction of the Virgin in the temple
Vedic Religion, Varism
Great holidays
Vera religious
Religion
Valopeability
Old Testament
Suggestion
Water system, sanitization
Exaltation of the Cross of the Lord
Ascension
Religious wars
Sunday
Ecumenical cathedrals
World Current Council
All-Union Council of Evangelical Christian Baptists
The second coming of Christ
Entrance of the rulers in Jerusalem, Palm Sunday
Gaponovna
Heliocentrism
Geocentrism
Glossolalia
Gnoseological roots of religion
Gnostics
Homiletics
Georgian Orthodox Church
Huguenotes
Dual truth
Twoled holidays
Demifecised Christianity
Demonology
Unity Day
Tint
Ten Commandments
Jainism
Zen, Zen-Buddhism
DIDAHE
Dissidents
good and evil
Religious dogmas
Dogmatic lawlogue
Evidence of being of God
Dominicans
Dorulagiosis epoch
Dualism religious
Dukhobor.
Clergy
Buddhist clergy
Juda's clergy
The clergy of Muslim
The clergy of Christian
Spiritual Christians
"Spiritual Regulations"
Devil, Divol
Evangelical churches
Gospel
Evangelical Christians, Evangelicals
Evangelical Baptist Christian
Eucharist, communion
Solving, cobble
Episcopal Church
Penance
Sacrifice
Living church
"Life with God"
Life of saints
Priesthood
"Journal of Moscow Patriarchate"
Law of God
Legislation on religious cults
Command
Pointer
Zoomorphism, zoolatry, animalism
Zoroastrianism, Parsism
Idealism
Ideology religious
Jehovists, Jehovah's Witnesses
Religious isracy
Iconobracy
Impasslavsa
Index of prohibited books
Indulgence
"Initiatives", "Baptists-Initiatives"
Initiation
Inquisition
Innokentievna
Johnita
Hypostasis
Redemption
Ismaili.
Confession, repentance
True Orthodox Church
True Orthodox Christians
True Orthodox Christians Wearing
Yom-kipipur
Religious calendars
Calvinism
Canonization
Chaplain
Cappuchins
Karlovchan
Catechism, Catchism
Catholicism
"Catholic action"
Clericalism
Clean anti-communism
Clikouty
Congregations
Congregationist
Concordat
Counterfeiting
Confirmation
Confucianism
Religious roots
Cosmogony
Cosmology
Creationism
Crusades
Epiphany
Epiphany
"Baptism of Russia"
Religious cult
CulturcMPF
Kumranian manuscripts
Kuria Rimskaya
Liturgica
Liturgy
Love for neighbor
Lutheranism
Mammon, Mammon.
Manichaeism
Maslenitsa, oil week, cheese week
Materialism
Mennonites
Messianism
Methodists
Minei Chetty
Miropomanazing
Laity, parishioners, flock
Missionary
Mysticism, mystic
Metropolitan
Mythology
Modernism religious
Molokane
Monasticism
Monotheism
Monophizite
Moral religious
Museum of History of Religion and Atheism
"Muslims of the Soviet East"
Murashkovtsy
Muhammad
Muridism
Nagorno sermon
"Science and Religion"
Neo-quality
Uncoolency
Extrance
New Testament
"New Israel"
"Monkey processes"
Updates
Circumcision
Religious rites
Obscurantism
Religious community
Occultism
Omion
Order monastic
Orthodoxy
Branch of the church from the state
Revelation
"Revelation of John", Apocalypse
Excommunication
"Fathers of the Church"
Helf.
Panateism
Panislamism
Panichida
Pantheism
Patriarch
Patristics
Pacifism religious
Religious remnants
Douching
Queitor, Asket.
Repentance
Polytheism
Subject Cathedral
Measure
Pontificate
Canonical law canonika
Church right
Orthodoxy
Holiday harvest
Holidays religious
Pormonotaism
Protheism
"Tradition sacred"
Predestination
Transfiguration
Presbyterian churches
Throne holidays
Communion
Providence, fishery, industrial
Proselyte
Proselysis
The origin of religion
Sermon
Prophecy religious
Protestantism
Psychology of religion
Puritan
Pentecostal, Christians of the Gospel Faith
Ramazan, Ramadan
Crucifixion
Relics
Reformed church
Reformation
Christmas of the Virgin
Nativity
Rosh Gashana
Order, Charotonia
Russikum
Russian Orthodox Church
Sacralization
Supernatural
Church candles
Freedom of conscience
Freewin
"Holy places"
Saints cult
a priest
Priesthood
Sect religious
Sectarianism religious
Secularization
Successful seminary
"Sillabus"
Symbol of faith
Symphony
Synagogue
"Blue Cross"
Sinnotism religious
Sinto, Sinto
Serviceman
Smorodinians
Dreams of trough
Cobbing
Religious Council
Social roots religion
Sociology of religion
Union of militant godsides
Union of freedomiffs
The rescue
Spiritualism
Candlemas
Starokatoliki
Old Believers
Stigma, Stigmaty
Holy Week
Scary court
Saturdays
Superstition
Scholasticism
Sacraments
Teleology
Theodice
Theocracy
Theology
Theology dialectical, or "theology of the crisis"
Theosophy
Tikhonovshchyna
Treaty
Totemism
Traditionalism
Trident
Uniate
Unitaria
The Assumption of the Virgin
Religious consolation
Fanaticism religious
Fatalism
"Fatimo Miracle"
Fetishism
Philosophy of unity, or metaphysics of unity
Philosophy of religious
Franciscans
Fundamentalism
Hasidism
Barberry
"Christian science"
Christian parties
Christian trade unions
Christian Socialism
Christianity
Christ Jesus
The kingdom of heaven, the kingdom of God (God)
Cherkinjee
Czech brothers (Bohemian, Moravian Brothers)
Purgatory
Feelings of religious
Churikovtsy
Shamanism
Studdism
Exarchate
Exegetics
Eccliciology
Ecstasy religious
Ecumenical movement
Encyclical
Encycliki Dad Social
Eschatology
Yurody
Paganism
Pocket Dictionary atheist
From the editor
This publication has a clear reader's address. It is intended for propagandists, lecturers, argazes, organizers of atheistic work. The dictionary does not claim to give an explanation of the literally of all terms and concepts encountered in the practice of scientific atheism. His task is more modest - to acquaint readers with the most common concepts with which propagandists have to deal with the process of atheistic education. The desire to create a low-volume, pocket format, convenient for propagandists the dictionary is explained by the fact that it is not included in the staff.
Work on the dictionary was carried out by the publisher in conjunction with the Department of History and the Theory of Atheism of the Moscow State University. M. V. Lomonosov. The wordless and articles were discussed at the Department with the involvement of the scientific community, propagandists of scientific atheism.
Abbey
Abbey - Catholic monastery, headed by the abbot - Abbat (female - Abbatisoy). In the Middle Ages BUT. They owned extensive lands, enjoyed a significant political and economic influence, served by the rareman of the Relig. fanaticism. Part BUT. It was eliminated during the reformation and during the bourgeois revolutions. The preserved continues to propaganda and protect the ideas of Catholicism.
Augustinism
Augustinism - The flow of Christ. Philosophy, developing an idea of \u200b\u200bfaith as an internal communication of a person with God, about knowing God with an irrational way. Founder BUT. Is theologian Augustine Aureliy (354 - 430). For a number of centuries BUT. He was the dominant teaching in Catholic. churches. After 13 V. BUT. inferior to Tomismma inferior. In the present BP, not being the official philosophy of Catholicism, BUTHowever, uses Catholic. circles noticeable influence.
Avochefalia
Avochefalia (from greek. Autos - Himself and Kephale - Head) - in Orthodoxy - Independence of one local church from another. The first autocephalous churches arose in the territory of the Roman Empire and in the neighboring states. In 4 c. Four autocephalous churches were formed: Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, Jerusalem. Later, the Cypriot and Georgian and Georgian separated from the Antioch. In the present BP. There are 15 autochefal Orthodox churches: Albanian, Alexandria, American, Antioch, Bulgarian, Georgian, Jerusalem, Cyprus, Konstantinople, Polish, Romanian, Russian, Serbian, Czechoslovak and Elaladskaya.
Autonomous church
Autonomous church - independently choosing the chapter of the Church on his local council, with the subsequent approval by his patriarch of the autocephalous church, in which A. c. exists. A. c. are the Finnish and Japanese Orthodox Church.
Hagiography
Hagiography (from greek. Hagios - Saint; Hgrapho - I write, I describe) - type of church. Literature, which is the lives of saints.
Lamb
Lamb - lamb, sacrificial animal. In Christianity, the expression "Lamb of God" is usually used ( lat. Agnus dei). It denotes Jesus Christ, his death of the redeemed sins of people. In Catholic. The Liturgy "Agnus Dei" - the name of the prayer, K-paradium is read from the end of the 6th century. According to the command of Pope Gregory I.
Agrarian cults
Agrarian (agricultural) cults - A combination of religious magic beliefs and rites in the ancient agricultural peoples in order to influence the supernatural way on the elements of nature to increase productivity. IN A.K. Generate Magich. actions aimed against hazards threatening crop or pet (drought, gardeing, locust, cocopy case, etc.). Historically B. A.K. Rechangeable matriarchal and patriarchal complexes. Ancient complex A.K. It is a matriarchal, which emerged in the era of early hoe farming. For this complex A.K. Characteristic female composition of deities, lack of priestly. An example of matriarchal A.K. The religion of the North American Indians - Iroquois, where the Spirits-Kormilitsy was worshiped: the spirit of Mais (corn), the spirit of beans and the Spirit of Pumpkin. The disintegration of the maternal generic system and the establishment of the patriarchal system caused the appearance of male deities that took place for women. An example of a patriarchal complex A.K. Ancient language religion and her Pantheon can serve: Veles, Yarilo, Lady-God, Perun, etc. Patriarchal complex A.K. In its pure form, it is not found, there are always a matriarchal remnants in it A.K.
Hell (from greek. Aides - underground kingdom) - by relig. Representations - a place where sinners are subjected to torment. Representations of obl BUT.The reaction was always played about the posthumous reward for sins. The role in Oba: On the one hand, the anger of the working people against the oppressors was quenched, inspiring the hope that the oppressants would suffer the punishment after death, on the other hand, held them from decisive actions, inspiring them fear of perpetual flour for the lack of humility, humility, patience .
Adat
Adat (arab. - Custom) - the usual, unwritten (unlike Sharia) the right of a number of peoples professing Islam. Many norms BUT. (blood revenge, twottency, brides wash, etc.) arranged in the conditions of domination of tribal relations. Although BUT. Contains some simple moral norms - respect for older, patronage and help weak, etc., he plays the reaction. The role, since protects the talked patriarchal-generic and feudal-bayan relations, has a negative impact on regulation in accordance with the norms of civil law of family-marital relations, the procedure for the inheritance of personal property, prevents the implementation of the rules and customs of the socialist hostel. IN USSR BUT. (like Sharia) lost legal force.
Adventists
Adventists (from lat. Adventus - coming) - followers of Christ. The flows that arose in the depths of Protestantism in the United States in the 30s. 19th century Founder - Baptist William Miller (1782 - 1849). In the process of evolution, Adventism collapsed into a number of branches formed independent. churches. The largest church A. Seventh Day. GL Points of creed: Belief in the close "Second Coming" of Christ, scary court, Millennaya kingdom in the sky (see Hiliam). Human history Remark. As the eternal struggle of Christ with Satan, K-paradium will end with the death of Satan and his followers. BUT. Recognize the death rate of the soul, stating that she dies with the body to rise on the "Second Coming Day". Of particular importance to "moral renewal of the person" as a necessary condition for preparing for the meeting of Christ. Preach t. N. "Sanitary reform", imposing prohibitions for some food products (Pork, coffee, etc.). Require from believers deductions for decades and active missionary activities. A. Seventh Day They recognize as a propheted E. White, the works of K-Roy will be honored with the Bible. According to the 52nd World Conference A. s. d. (1975), in the world there are approx. 2.5 million adherents of the Church. It has 494 highest and medium schools, has 4299 NCH. schools, 386 honey. institutions, 50 publishers, etc.
In the USSR there are separate groups A.-reformists, Followers are extremely react. antisocial flow.
Academy spiritual
Academy spiritual - Higher educational institutions for the preparation of clergy and theologians. Russian Orthodox Church in the present. BP. has two A. d.: Moscow and Leningradskaya.
Akathist
Akathist (from greek. Akaphistos - not sitting) - church. Puish chants in honor of Christ, the Virgin and Saints, in the performance of the foys, praying should stand. Main appointment BUT. - Create a sense of complicity in the service.
Allah
Allah (arab. - Alilah) - God in Islam, the Creator of all things: Heaven, Earth and Man, the ruler of the world. belief BUT. - The main dogma of Muslim religion. BUT. Employed in Islam with all the qualities, the gods in monotheistic religions are endowed with K-Ryim. Among the 99 epithets, in which the Muslims express properties BUT., - Almighty, great, wise, merciful and other declaring BUT. The ruler of the world, the Muslim clergy teaches that it is entirely disposed of fate of peoples and individuals. In the creation of Islam, these fatalistic views are expressed particularly clearly. Islam takes the believer the role of frozen slaves, obliged to blindly obey the will of the Almighty, for which they are promised to be a paradise bliss in heaven. For the recalcity of Muslim religion threatens hellish torment in the afterlime world. So, faith in BUT. Practically performs the role of the ultrasound, K-paradium must restrain the masses from any independent actions that are not consistent with the prescriptions of the clergy speaking on behalf of God.
Hallelujah
Hallelujah (heb. - Praise God) - Chorus in Christ. church. worship. In Orthodox churches BUT. It is pronounced Troekly as a symbolic appeal to all the persons of the Divine Trinity.
Altar
Altar – east End Christ. The temple separated in Orthodox churches from the rest of the room by iconostasis. IN BUT. There is a throne for consecrated gifts. Northern Wall has an altar - a table, the bread and wine are preparing for communion.
Albigoisa
Albigoisa - participants of the heretical movement 12 - 13 centuries. In France, directed against the domination of Catholic. Churches in the economic and spiritual life of the medieval city. In motion, GL participed in about. Craftsmen, to K-Ry, joined part of the peasantry and small feudalles. BUT. They were opposed to the material "peace of the devil" (i.e., the whole of earthly life) the spiritual "God's world" and called Catholic. The Church of the Devil Siberia, rejected the trinity of God, purgatory, hell, church. The sacraments and rites, reverence of the cross, icons, the relics, did not recognize the power of the Pope. BUT. were defeated as a result crusadesheld by Pope Innocent III at the beginning of the 13th century, and finally exterminated by the Inquisition.
Amvon
Amvon - The elevation in front of the so-called. The royal gates of the Orthodox. Temple leading to the altar. FROM BUT. Preaching and objects are pronounced (prayers), the Gospels are read during worship.
Amen
Amen (heb. - True, right) - the word used in the late Christ. Prayers as an expression of complete agreement with the truth of what was said, confirmation of loyalty to God.
Amulet
Amulet (from arab. Hamala - wearing) - an object, allegedly possessing a miraculous force and capable of attaching its owner supernatural power over other people and phenomena of nature, as well as to protect a person from diseases and accidents, "evil char", etc. Presentations on mystical properties BUT. Arrived in primitive era. Faith in miraculous power BUT. Preserved in Sovr. religions (eg, wearing a cross, Ladanik in Christianity).
Anabaptists
Anabaptists (from greek. Anabaptizo - again immersed, restfully baptized), or "Christian brothers," - representatives of the peasant-Plebean wing of the Reformation. BUT. Preached equality not only religious, but also civil. They considered the illusion of the "Holy Spirit" with a decisive condition for the correct understanding of the Bible, believed in the close "second coming" and the "millennial kingdom of Christ". BUT. denied the doctrine of the predestination and fatal sinfulness of people and argued that the person himself could change himself. They abandoned baptism in infant age as contrary to the principle of salvation with personal faith and baptized only adults (first generation BUT. I had to be baptized again, so they were called "Crossroads"). BUT. Required the establishment of free ownership of the Earth. Representatives of the revolutionary wing tried to implement the principles of equability communism in practice, for which severely pursued and exterminated. Traffic BUT. The most widely distributed in Germany, Switzerland and Holland in the 20s - 30s. 16th century By the middle of the 16th century. Anabaptism ceased to exist in its original form - collapsed into a number of sects who refused to social struggle.
Analy, tax, analogies
Lectern, tax, analogies - in the Orthodox. Churches - a high table, which during worship is a stand for an icon, a cross, used when reading a relig. Books. At church. Wedding around BUT. Ride newlyweds.
Anathema
Anathema (greek. Anathema - Curse) - church. Curse on behalf of God, "Great Relief" from the Church is considered the highest carray in Christianity. It is made by solutions of cathedrals, and in Catholicism - Pope Roman. BUT. Used as a means of intimidation and inciting relig. fanaticism. In the Orthodox Church BUT. Predassed leaders folk uprising (S. Razin, E. Pugachev) and the participants of the roar. Movement. In 1918, Patriarch Tikhon betrayed BUT. Soviet power.
Angels
Angels (greek. Aggelos lat. Angelus - Bulletin, Messenger) - in Judaism, Christianity, Islam - disembodied creatures, inhabiting supernatures. "Invisible world", mediators between God and people. In some religions, the concept of "fallen BUT."- These are servants of Satan, or Devil: demons, devils, demons (in Islam - Ginny). belief BUT.Essentially, it does not differ from the so-called. The "pagan" faith in good and evil spirits arising in antiquity due to the personification of people's phenomena (see animism).
Anglican Church
Anglican Church - one of protestant churchesIn the cult and organization, a lot has been preserved from Catholicism. A. c. is state. Church in England. Originated during the reformation of 16 V. In 1534, the Parliament "Act about the Supreme" announced King Heinrich VIII head of the Anglican Church; church. Relationships with the Vatican were torn, monasteries are closed, and their lands are confiscated, power and icons burned. In 1549, a new prayer was introduced, the clergy of the clergy was canceled; In 1571, the symbol of the Faith of Anglication of 39 articles (members) was approved. In Anglicism, the Protestant dogma of the Saving Personal faith and the Catholic - about the saving strength of the Church, the church was preserved in Eclectically. Hierarchy, lush cult and priesthoods. By your device A. c. Episcopal. Appointment of bishops and church solving. Questions are engaged in the Special Parliamentary Committee on Church Affairs. Now in England there are two churches. Provinces: Canterbury and Yorkskaya. Prias. A. c. Is Archbishop Canterbury. Self A. c. There are in Scotland, Ireland, USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and others. Goswax. Since 1867, the church, while maintaining its independence, combined into the Anglican Union of the Churches, the highest body of the Quino is the Lambetsk conference - the congress of the bishops A. c., collected every ten years.
Anglocatolyticism
Anglocatolyticism - Direction inside the Anglican Church, originated in the 17th - 18th centuries. Supporters BUT. They advocate the rapprochement of the Anglican Church with Catholicism, for the independence of the church from the state. authorities. BUT. It enjoys the support of those layers of the circuit, which prevent innovations in both the state and in the church, seeking to maintain their privileged position.
Animatism
Animatism (from lat. Animatus is animate) - an idea of \u200b\u200bthe impersonal animance of nature. The emergence of animation ideas is as proved by science, to the deepest antiquity. BUT. It seems to be the first attempt by the holistic understanding of the world by a person and is associated with the tender of a person to attribute the features of his character, mental experiences and vital activity around the world.
Animism
Animism (from lat. Anima - Spirit, Soul) - an idea of \u200b\u200bthe existence of spiritual (intangible) entities and creatures and faith into the possibility of human communication with them. Appearance BUT. refers to the era of the primitive community. BUT. preceded simpler forms of transferred by man ideas about themselves the world Things, phenomena and relations between them: anthropopathism and animatism. Animistic representations are an integral element of all SCUD. religions.
Anisimovtsy
Anisimovtsy - Relig. Sect, a variety of tridents. The name was named after his head of Anisim Smirnov, who formed the community of trident in Petrograd in the early 20s Charlatanian drawing of "Wonderful Healing". After condemning A. Smirnov for fraud and other crimes (1925), the sect practically broke off. In the present BP. Single followers are preserved BUT.
Anticlerikalism
Anticlerikalism – social movementaimed at liberating political and spiritual life, science, culture and education from the power of religion and church. Separate anticlerical ideas were still expressed by philosophers of antiquity. In medieval Europe BUT. There was a form of struggle against the idea of \u200b\u200bthe primacy of the spiritual power behind the Church above the secular. In the ideology of antipodeal bourgeois revolutions BUT. performed in quality mandatory element. This has been an expression in criticizing the ideologists of the young bourgeoisie of the Church's policy, in the adoption by bourgeois governments of laws providing for the secularization of church. Property and separation of the church from the state. Modern BUT. In general, this is a mass progressive, but heterogeneous movement. People of various philosophical, political, religious beliefs take part in the anticlerical struggle. BUT. Progressively tuned Christ. Democrats abroad differ significantly from BUT. Workers speaking under the banner of communism. Many believers - anti-elecillary consider clerics only as a result of the abuse of religion on the part of reactionaries, carry out the distinction between clerics and religion, referring to the entire reaction to the attitude of militant clerics, leaving out of criticism of religion. BUT. Believers are limited primarily because it is not aimed against the basics of an exploitative society that generates clerics. To the end of consistent BUT. It became only with the emergence of Marxism. It is on the basis of Marxism-Leninism that the communist and working parties are developing a scientific program to combat clerics. Communists, not identifying clericalism with the very religion, at the same time connect the issue of overcoming religion and clerics with class struggle of workers, designed to eliminate the exploitative OB-W various forms Social oppression of masses, including clericalism.
Antimine
Antimine - Linen or silk handkerchief with sewn particles of relics, the position in the coffin of Jesus Christ is depicted in the coffin. Sanctified BUT. put on the throne. It is believed that after that in the temple you can make the sacrament of communion.
Antichrist
Antichrist - by Christ. The creed - the opponent of Christ, to-rye to reacted on Earth before the "second coming" of him. In the "Revelation of John" it says that power BUT. will be made by God to test people. It will bring them unprecedented disasters in the form of total wars, hunger, epidemics, etc. All this will be complemented by the retreat from faith in God, persecutions of the righteous (Christians), the spread of lawlessness and all sorts of moral vices. However, power BUT. It does not last long - the newly appeared on Earth Christ won. Research "Revelations of John" found that in the prophecies set out there BUT. It is said about the Roman Emperor Nerno, after the death of a friend, rumors went, that he was alive and will return to the throne. And although these prophecies did not come true, the church assumed the myth about BUT.Using it whenever she wanted to defam the figure dismissal, discredit the hated movement or ignite the fanaticism of believers. So, during the reformation BUT. called each other dad and luther; The leader split Protopop Avvakum said that the king and the patriarch - "Two horns BUT.", Later, Orthodox. the priests spread rumors that in Peter embodied BUT., Patriarch Tikhon in 1918 announced the Soviet power by personification BUT.
Anthropogenesis
Anthropogenesis (from greek. Anthropos - man and genesis - origin, birth) - the process of occurrence and becoming a person. By Sovr. data, origin and formation of a person covers a huge historic period Two and a half million years. Ancient representative of the human race is considered homo Habilis. (Skillful), bone residues and traces of labor activities were found in Oldwaysky Gorge (Tanganyik, East Africa) in 1960 by the English archaeologist L. L. Liki. The age of Aldovaysky is determined in 1750 thousand years. IN BUT. You can solve three ch. Stage: 1 ) Archantropips (the most ancient people), inhabited on earth from 2.5 million to 300 thousand years ago, - the man of Oldwaii, Petecanthrop, Peking Man; 2 ) Paleoanthropes (ancient people) who lived on Earth from 300 thousand to 40 thousand years ago, - Neanderthals of several types; 3 ) Neoantrips (new people), formed about 40 thousand years ago. Their descendant is modern man. He stood out of the animal kingdom due to work, to-ry initially wore a social character and created a person as a social, reasonable and moral being. Labor theory BUT. The naive theological version about the creation of man by God is refuted. Basic provisions BUT.The work in the work of F. Engels "The Role of Labor in the process of turning the monkey into a person" is confirmed by the discoveries of anthropology, archeology, historical linguistics, etc. Sciences.
Anthropomorphism
Anthropomorphism (from greek. Anthropos - Man and Morphe - Form) - like a man of nature phenomena, as well as imaginary fantastic, supernatural beings (gods, good and evil spirits, like Leshgo, house, water, etc.), i.e., the transfer of his appearance (forms), properties and abilities for external nature and mythical creatures.
Antropotatism
Antropotatism (from greek. Anthropos - Man and Pathos - an attraction, passion) - the term proposed by the German scientist FR. Schulza in 19 century. and meaning the natural tendency of a person to "think" nature, i.e., see human properties and abilities in the outside. According to a traditional look, which established in the bourgeois apologetic religion, BUT. There is a form or feature religious worldview. In fact, BUT. Ancient religion, it does not have an idea of \u200b\u200bsupernatural; BUT. should be considered in connection with the animatism as the initial and the simplest way Holistic perception and interpretation of phenomena and connections of the outside world.
- ATHEIST in the encyclopedic dictionaries:
supporter of atheism *** Atellans [Latin Atellana] Ancient Roman people presenting, often political nature; Named by the name of the city of Atella in the campaign, where they ... - ATHEIST in the encyclopedic dictionary:
[TE], -A, m. The follower of atheism. II Atheism, and. II adj. Atheist, "... - ATHEIST in the full accentuated paradigm on the link:
athei "Art, Athei" Stoms, Athei "Stu, Athei" Stov, Athei "Stu, Athei" Stam, Athei "Sto, Athei" Stov, Athei "Stom, Athei" Stami, Athei "Stee, ... - ATHEIST
Bedless ... - ATHEIST in the dictionary for solving and drafting scanvords:
Thomas ... - ATHEIST in the new foreign word dictionary:
- ATHEIST in the dictionary of foreign expressions:
a supporter of atheism rejecting all faith in supernatural and standing in the positions of scientific and materialistic ... - ATHEIST in the dictionary of synonyms of the Russian language:
bedless ... - ATHEIST in the new intelligent-word-formative dictionary of the Russian language Efremova:
- ATHEIST in the dictionary of the Russian language of Lopatina:
athe'yist, ... - ATHEIST in the full spelling dictionary of the Russian language:
atheist, ... - ATHEIST in the spelling dictionary:
athe'yist, ... - ATHEIST in the dictionary of the Russian language Ozhegov:
follower ... - ATHEIST in the explanatory dictionary of the Russian language Ushakov:
atheist, m. Suguriza, denying existence ... - ATHEIST in the new Russian English language dictionary:
m. The one who adheres to atheistic ... - ATHEIST in a large modern explanatory dictionary of the Russian language:
m. The one who adheres to atheistic beliefs; Do not theist 3., not believing in God [God ... - Cemetery feathers in the Handbook of Wonders, Unusual Phenomena, UFOs and other things:
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