Beasts and birds Mari El. The world around the animal and vegetable world in Mari El. Animal world of the Republic of Mari El
The Republic of Mari El is one of the most environmentally clean regions of Russia. The territory of the republic is located on the border of the steppe and forest-steppe zones. Fifty-seven percent of the territory is mixed forests. Thanks to the wonderful environmental conditions, a rich animal world has been preserved on the territory of Mari El.
Mari Krai is fabulous landscapes, silence harbor, place where rich vegetable world, as well as the kingdom of animals and birds. The nature of the republic is striking with its magnificence and wealth.
His landscapes Mary El resembles the nature of the Alps. There are also many rivers, lakes and protected forests.
Plant world of the Republic of Mari El
The local forests are famous for the whole of Russia, this is the largest forest array on the Volga River. The forests are the main wealth of the republic, as they contain large stocks of wood. Valuable conifers prevail in the republic. In the south, it is pine forests, and in the north fir and fir. On the territory of the forests you can meet all sorts of mushrooms and berries, as well as medicinal plants.
A solid forest is covered by the left bank of the Volga, the forest pilot. Coniferous and mixed forests are dominated here. There are about seventy types of wood and shrub breeds. Dubov-lime forests are located in the river valleys. The forests in the edge are strong enough, but on the ground deforestation there are constantly forest-spectal work. On the territory of the republic can also be found aspen, alder, maple, elm, rowan, cherry, rosehip, honeysuckle, juniper, viburnum and many other plants.
Animal world of the Republic of Mari El
In the forests, meadows, rivers, lakes and swamps live a lot of varied animals. More than forty fish species live in the reservoirs, such as the perch, pike perch, bream and many others. The amphibious world is represented by ten species of inhabitants - frogs, tritons, toads. Six types of reptiles - viper, already, yeretnya, median. Here you can meet two hundred eighty birds species - it is a woodpecker, tits, owls, cranes, eagles, spikes, herons and many others.
The Republic of Mari El is rich in mammals, they are here in the area of \u200b\u200bsixty species. Among them are representatives of both wolf, a fox, brown bear, lynx, elk bat. No less, there are rodents here, for example, hares, beavers, protein, ondatra.
The most frequently found representative of the animal world is here.
The coat of arms Mari El is not in vain decorated with an image of the moose - they have long been found in the Mary forests. And today their number in the republic is about 4 thousand.
Climate in the Republic of Mari El
The Republic of Mari El has a temperate continental climate. Winter here is quite prolonged and snowy, and the summer is relatively roast. Territory of the region is under influence air mass Atlantic and Arctic.
IN winter time There are sharp drops of temperature, and in the autumn and spring periods are often observed freezing.
Mid annual temperature The air in the east of the republic reaches two degrees Celsius above zero, and in the south-west to three degrees.
The coldest month is January, and the warmer is July.
The warmest time of the year, when the temperature reaches above ten degrees Celsius above zero, continues on the territory of the republic about one hundred and twenty-eight days.
Persistent frosts continue from the tenth of November to the twenty-fifth of March.
In winter, there are often thaws.
The largest rainfall is for the period from April to October, when heat. During the winter of precipitation falls enough.
The formation of snow cover comes from the fifteenth to the twenty-fifth November and lies this snow about a hundred and fifty days.
Wind on the territory of Mari EL variables. The southern, as well as the south-west winds prevail. Strong winds are typical for the winter period.
Objectives:
1. Like the knowledge of animal forest.
2. To know with the animal world Mari El.
3. To appear to the disciples that everything is interconnected in nature.
4. Entry to children for which a person should know natural connections: in order not to break them, for the violation of these connections will attract bad consequences.
5. Like the guys to build their behavior in nature on the basis of knowledge about interactions in it and the corresponding assessment of the possible consequences of their actions.
1. Statement of goals.
Today we will spend an unusual lesson with you - and a travel lesson. And where we will go, you will learn from the riddles:
Bogatyr is rich,
Treats all the guys:
Vanya - strawberry,
Tanya - Kostychnikka,
Masha - Noodle,
Petya - raw,
Katenka - Malinka,
Vasya - twig.
- What is this boat?
During the trip, you guys should prove that in nature everything is interconnected and the violation of these connections will involve the sad consequences (both for nature and for the person). Studying these ties, we will get acquainted with the owners of the forest and remember the rules of behavior in nature.
To go on a journey, we must choose transport.
Children: We will go on foot, so as not to dissipate birds, animals and insects.
2. Repetition passed.
But before you go, let's remember the rules of behavior in nature.
Here we are in place. First Stop "Green World"
Almost half of the territory of our republic is occupied by forests. Pine bours turn into dense forests. The local forests have its own charm, their paints caused by a combination of various tree breeds. Wheel pigeons, bright foliage birks are distinguished among dark-green needles that make up the fourth part of all forests of the republic.
What other trees grow in our forests?
And now I suggest you play, but the game called "Find out a plant on the sheet"
Remember which forests grow in our area?
Tell about coniferous forests.
About mixed forests.
About deciduous forests.
Why are plants grow here with floors?
What unites these plants?
(Lily of Mayan, Venus Bashman, Wolf Lyko)
Children: these are rare and endangered plants that grow in our republic and they are listed in the Red Book Mari El
What can be concluded?
Why do you need to guard the forest?
What proverbs about the forest do you know?
3. New topic.
Next stop: "Kingdom of Beasts."
To get into this kingdom, you must remember which animals live in our forests.
And here we are in the kingdom of animals. We have already acquainted with some of them. Guess what animals tell the guys.
Loves the roots of trees, herbs, aches, berries, mushrooms, worms, larvae of different insects, racking grain of field crops and potatoes.
Enemies: wolves, bears, people.
Appearance: Strong body covered with dense bleed and bristles. The bristle protects well the body from scratches, improper - from the cold.
Special signs: short legs, small eyes, on an elongated Pillet. (boar)
Summer feeds on grass, leaves, young shoots of trees and shrubs, mushrooms, berries. In winter, he eats a cheva, a bark of trees, looking for an old dried grass.
Enemies: wolves, bears.
Appearance: Among the trees they are minorly, as their legs seem to be the trunks of young Osin, having, bright color, in contrast to the daily torso.
Special signs: Samtsov has a horns (elk).
Eats various berries and mushrooms, flower kidneys, fruits, catches beetles behind the trees and butterflies, and at case it ruins the bird nests, drinking eggs and singing chicks. In winter, eats pine seeds and ate, makes reserves for the winter.
Has enemies: Cute, Fox, Filin, Owl.
Appearance: Wool painting depends on the time of year. In winter - gray, summer - redhead.
Special signs: Tassels on the ears tips, fluffy tail (protein).
Feeding on herbs, roots of trees and herbs, berries, mushrooms, insect larvae, fish, but the main food: meat - minor animals, but can attack large weakened animals. Sometimes it can approach the village and shout a cow, a horse or sheep.
Enemies: the wolf for which he is a strong opponent; human.
Appearance: brown skin skins, strong teeth, sharp claws.
Special Signs: It is called the owner of the forest or Kosolap (Bear)
Why was it so called? (Honey-after all means, he knows, knows where there is honey.)
Teacher's story:
This animal is slightly less protein. For flying, a fluffy tail and leathery coated, covered with wool, between front and rear legs. The membrane serves as a planning device when binding from a tree on a tree, and the tail is the inhibitory organ when landing. The dwelling itself is satisfied with the dyatlov and sockets of protein. Lives in coniferous and mixed forests. It feeds on the kidneys, seeds, mushrooms and berries. In the hibernation does not fall, makes the reserves of feed for the winter in summer.
Hedgehog can be found in the launched gardens, parks and even in bread fields bordering the forest. In the afternoon, he hides under a bunch of twigs and foliage, among shrubs, at night it comes to feed. Overnight, the Yozh passes sometimes up to 3 kilometers. In the dark, he finds food with a fine smell, although the vision and ear help to a certain extent. Feast to him serve beetles, rainworms, wets, frogs, toads, lizards, snakes, mice, firewalls, earthmocks, as well as berries, boodies, fallen ripe fruits apple trees, pears and other trees.
It is known that the ёzh by smell can detect the presence of an edible beetle at a distance of 1 meter, and the approach of the enemy, for example, dogs - at a distance of 9 meters. In the case of danger, the Yozh turns into the tangles, pressing his head to the brunette and pulling the paws and tail to themselves: it turns out a spiny ball with needles sticking in all sides. Herge needles - these are modified hair, located only on the back; The muzzle and abdomen are covered with conventional wool. When meeting with forest beasts, Yuzh snorts and jershits, trying to prick the enemy. If it does not help, he gets dried into the ball, substituting his barbed back for the attacker predator. Often, Naskov Morda needles, the striker leaves hedgehogs alone. But it happens not always. There is a hedgehog and enemies from which it does not save either the needle, nor wrecking into the ball. So, during the night hunting for hedgehog successfully attacks Filin. He is not terrible the needles of the animal, because the fingers of the paws of this bird are covered with durable scales. Soft fillion fillion makes it silent and allows you to overtake your prey by surplot. There is no salvation to the hedgehog and from a fox who carefully rolling his paw to the shore of a forest puddle or a swamp and drops into the water. Water penetrates her hedgehog's abdomen, and he spreads his back, pulls the face and floats to the shore. Here the fox is waiting for him, stuck with sharp teeth in unprotected needles head and snorthes hedgehogs. But when meeting with a viper, Yuzh is over the winner. He grabs her tail and immediately cooled into the ball. The guy at the first attempt to bite his enemy comes on the needles. Meanwhile, Yozh gradually draws violence to himself and then eats it. Perhaps the poison of viper on the hedgehog does not work, as the Yozh is not sensitive to many toxic substances, eats bad smelling bedbugs, the poison of bees, bumblebees, the blood of the blood of God's bows, hairy caterpillars.
In the spring (in April), the hedgehogs appear 5 - 7 blind with soft white needles, which she feeds with milk. Before monthly, the cubs are located in the nest, staged a female in the form of a halace of dry leaves, twigs, moss. If the nest detects a person or an animal, hedgehog tolerates his kids to another lair in the teeth. After 1.5 - 2 months, hedge leaves the nest, but independent life starts only late in the fall.
Samoa characteristic feature Lisens can be considered its fluffy tail with which it acts as the wheel, making sharp turns during the persecution. The tail of the fox is hidden, curled while leisure with a glomerulus and dodging the nose into the base. Just in this place there is a fragrant iron, making the smell of violet. Liser's hunt come to the hunt at any time of the day. Obviously, the opinion is as if they are tacking chickens and other poultry, taking into the yards of the villages. However, such cases are rare. The main mining of foxes serve rodents. In summer, foxes also eat insects, berries and fruits of various plants. And at any time of the year, the fox, as they speak in the people, the lace: Locks the holes of the field and forest mice, breaks them and eats. When in some years the number of rodents for one or another reasons decreases, the foxes are forced to attack hares, partridges, or eat Padal. If the foxes do not find enough food in natural conditions, then they are selected to human housing, attend even the surroundings of cities, where at night they find all edible among the garbage boxes. In March or April, the foxes are born blind cubs. After 2 - 3 weeks, they become in vain, and in a month they begin to leave holes. However, in Nores continue to live
3-4 months. So far, Lysalia live in Nora, Fox - Mother guards them and does not let anyone closely. If, for example, a dog or a person appears near the hole, then the adult fox resorts to "tricks" - she tries to take them away from their home, setting up. At the same time, she publishes deaf sounds, reminds of a dog. If people visited about holes, then the fox drags the entire brood in the teeth to another, safe place. With the age of Lysyat, they begin to leave the hole further, and parents cease to bring them food. In the end, children begin to hunt alone. At the end of summer, Lysali leave their native nest and begin to lead a single life. At this time, wolves and Filin are attacked by foxes, from which foxes are not always easy to escape.
Guys, what do you think, are there evil animals?
What animals would you attribute to evil?
But what the wolves themselves say about themselves.
People made us a death sentence, it is provided in places. In the sentence four points of charges:
- Destruction of domestic animals.
- Destruction of wild animals.
- Distribution of dangerous diseases.
- Attack on man.
I want to question the last point of the prosecution - an attack on a person. Many unprecedented written about such attacks. Wolf rarely attacks man. Have you ever thought about why the "old" losschniks are a very brave people? There are great, who, going into the forest behind the wolves, are armed with only a bag. This person will admire his weapon, and on the face of the loss, the smile: Vacan will not touch! You can only harm with a gun.
They are also cruel: for adult wolves pay more. Some wolfs, finding the lair, do not take away the wipe, and by overloading the wire of their legs so that they could not walk, leave to suffer to autumn. Poor, crippled beasts are far from Logov, but adults will not throw them, fill. In the fall, this person will come, finds grown cripples and, you look: the extra money in his pocket.
When the Volctera Rates, the Wolf is with them in the lair, then carefully crashes out of the hole, but it does not go far. Later she spars herself in the area. And then, then the nannies - "aunt", "uncle" Nyantichat of grudging wagins. They play with them, feed the sword on the hunt meat and, of course, carry a vigilant guard. The wolf father also does not forget. He is always there.
In general, wolves have angelic patience in relation to the kids. A wolf father will be returned from hunting tired, wants to sleep, but there will be no peace! You have to entertain your chad. And the attitude towards the kids, even someone deserves not only praise - imitation! If the parents perished, another wolf, finding waggies, fits them, pumped and teach live. Wolves have a friendly family.
And I want to tell about the hunt. Imagine. Forest. Two wolves rushed behind the group of moose. Here from the group is highlighted in a seamless elk, and the wolves overtake it. It seems that the villain is committed. But if you check this moose, detect the following: the front hoop at the elk is missing, its lungs are amazed by the disease, the intestines made out of the poisons of the microbes and the heart is weak. It would be left to live to live - would be a walking source of infection.
We are wolves - main forest sanitary panels. If there are no large animals, we eat small rodents - agriculture pests. Again the benefits of the wolf! We catch the grip in the spring in the ducts, and sometimes forced, there are even berries and insects. We are not very demanding animals.
Teacher: You listened to wolf to us. And what conclusion we will do?
Generalization:
Indeed, everything in nature is not inspected. In each animal you can find something good. Let us take care of everything to all the lives, to all animals, whether it is a fox, a bobcorn or a wolf, a cat or a snake!
And what unites these animals?
Generalization:
Most plants and animals made in the Red Book are guarding adults. For this purpose, the "Big Cochag" reserve was created; Reservations: Ust-Kunddyysh, Vetluzhsky, Pectubaevsky, Morkinsky, Emeshevsky, Vasilsurski Dubravy and national Park Mari Chodra. You may be when you grow up, you will participate in this work. But do not forget that you can do a lot now, protecting those plants and those animals that around you.
Third stop "The Kingdom of Birds"
The forest would be bought without bird singing. So we will try to guess some birds by votes (listening to the record "Voice of birds)
Problem situation
Imagine, we go through the forest and see the chick from the nest. What are you going to do?
Generalization:
In July, everywhere will be full of flat. Young drosses, oatmeal, finchings, flies leave their nests. Leave, although they do not know how to fly. They are also laid by nature. They do not know how to fly, but they know how to hide, become invisible, so that no predator noticed them. And parents find them and fed. They even talk, the name of chicks, and the chicks will respond to them, special, inappropriate sounds available only to avian ear.
What can you say about these birds?
Today we visited the plants, animals, and now we prove that in nature, different plants and animals exist in themselves. And are interconnected by invisible threads.
Give examples.
Generalization:
In the poem B. Skoderika just about this and says
About everything in the world.
All, all
In the world,
Neighted!
And midges are not less needed than elephants.
It is impossible to do without monsters of ridiculous
And even without predators of evil and ferocious!
Need everything in the world!
Need everything in a row -
Who makes honey and who makes poison.
Bad business in a cat without a mouse
The mouse without a cat is not better than Delica.
Yes, if we are not very friendly with someone -
Still very friend you need a friend
And if someone will seem to us,
That is, of course, the mistake will be.
4. Fastening passed
Fourth Stop "Forest School"
What are we going to do at this station?
(Tutorial A.I. Dubrovina, S.S. Okicheva "Native Territory". p. 22 - 23
What animals live in the forest?
What animals are delivered to our republic?
Name rare and disappearing animals.
What birds live in our forests?
Name rare and disappearing.
Generalization:
Beasts, birds, insects in the forest forest, and we are with you guests. And must behave accordingly:
Beasts are important, the animals are needed. Do not touch, do not kill, do not offend the beasts, who will meet, nor a slippage of a frog, neither crawling around the horns, nor a gray ridiculous toad, nor a spider in a web, even if they seem to you in volatile, ugly.
They are home here, and you are guests. Each of them makes its useful things in nature.
Do not try to "save" chicks. Sometimes it seems to you that the bird is in trouble. Here it runs away from you,
Jumping, on the ground. Poor! I don't know how to fly! Will disappear, will eat it anyone! No, it will not disappear if you do not catch it and do not carry out of your native places.
10 student:
Do not carry out, please, from the Yellow Forest! Neither small nor adults. Unfortunately, a person is not as difficult to take hedgehog. But is it that it is - come to visit and drag out the owner's home! Hedgehog is needed in the forest. Hedgehog is an insectivorous animal. He carries an important service. And then Hedgehog - from the most ancient. They appeared on the ground tens of millions of years ago, when the owners of the planet were the monstrous lizards, like Snakes Gorynych. Here they are, what vintage hedgehog! They must be preserved, which means not to touch.
11 student:
Rule of forest courtesy. It is for the benefits of guests, i.e. For us with you. Sometimes guests are shouting in the forest, sing, aucid. From this noise, the forest is frightened, hidden. And none of the cries will know what is happening. He does not know how the shawn foam - as if the droplets drop. As a finch sings his sunny song, or how he warns about the rain: he has a different song on his rain - as if the creaking door creaks. They will not hear how the woodpecker in his blacksmith is hammering like a squirrel mocked when angry. And how someone who elusive in the grass missed - and will not notice. What they came, with the same shock guests. As if the owners did not find the house.
So we returned from the journey.
Who lives in the forest?
What should we remember them?
What is the conclusion?
Objective of the project. Contribute to the development of the listeners of this project to environment. Tasks: Tasks: - expand the ideas about rare animals around us; - Develop cognitive interest to rare animals living in the territory of the Republic of Mari El; - spend research work According to the study of information about rare animals listed in the Red Book Mari El. Application project. The project can be used as a visual allowance in promoting careful environmental relations.
Content. 1. Red color is the color of danger. 1. Red color is the color of danger. 2. Rare animals national Park Mary Chodra. 2. Rare animals National Park "Mari Chodra". 3. Why did these animals become little in nature? 3. Why did these animals become little in nature? 4. Remember this! 4. Remember this! 5. Love your brothers smaller! 5. Love your brothers smaller! 6. About the author. 6. About the author.
About 600 animals are listed in the Red Book. The rare animals of our republic entered here: from mammals - exhaust, from birds - Berkut, Skop, Smereyad, Sokol - Greets, Falcon - Sapsan, Black Stork, Eagle - Belochvost, Red Country Camera, Eagle - Mogin.
Once in the past in our rivers it was full of fish, and in the forests and meadows there were many fishing birds and valuable beasts. IN pre-revolutionary years Every year, hundreds of thousands of heads crawled alone. Man, apparently, it seemed that there would always be abundance.
You can catch and bring home children's wild animals in the event that the chick or brotherly wounded, freezes or his parents died, he needs help person. After recovery, they need to be released to the will. And just so, for the sake of fun, the kids do not need to bring home - you will destroy them. You do not need to collect the eggs of wild birds, break their nests, minks, animals lair, anthills. Joy does not deliver it to you, and the birds and animals will bring a big trouble.
I want to talk about proteins. We can admire proteins in suburban forests, in urban parks. There are many of them yet. But people often catch the protein, ruin the squirrels of the storage room, take stocks and leave the animal in a difficult position. But the protein is so many enemies: mountainous, cunits, caress.
The presentation used materials: 1) Red Book. Animal world./ Yoshkar-Ola,) A.A. Pekpayev. We study nature. / Yoshkar- Ola,) vegetable and animal world Mari El. / Yoshkar-Ola, 1978.
