The life of a brown bear in the wild. Brown bear. Lifestyle and habitat brown bear. Description and appearance
Sit down brown bears (Grizzly) Not at the same time even in one area, not to mention different geographic locations. Older and arriving a lot of fat bears go to the winter dream earlier (in October, before the formation of permanent snow cover), the individual is not one and with smaller fat deposits - much later (in November and even in December). In the Caucasus and in the south of the Kuril Islands, at the abundance of the feed, bears do not run in the hibernation at all.
The bears in a real hibernation are not immersed, and their condition is more correct to call winter sleep: they retain complete viability and sensitivity, in case of danger, they leave the Berlogue and after wanderings in the forest occupy a new one. Body temperature brown bear In a dream hesitate between 29 and 34 degrees. During the winter sleep, the beasts spend little energy, existing exclusively due to the fat accumulated in the fall, and thus the smallest deprivations are experiencing a harsh winter period. For the wintering period, the bear loses up to 80 kg of fat.
The brown bear is very sensitive and careful, avoids people, so the toster it succeeds very rarely. About the close presence of the bear judges mainly on the fingerprints of traces. Bears for movement use permanent paths.
In some places, such trails exist for thousands of years and literally knocked out in a solid rock.
Very characteristic prints of traces of brown bear on wet soil or fresh snow, and traces of the front and rear paws sharply vary. When walking for traces of the front paws, the prints of long powerful claws are characteristic, as well as a trace width, equal to length or even more. The highest width of the track is 9-19 cm. The back legs in shape resemble the traces of the bare feet of a person, only a little wider, with a narrow heel and flat foot, the claws are not always noticeable; Their length is 16-30 cm, width 8-14 cm.
Other fingerprints of traces remain from the running animal, because in this case the bear is converted into the pont-purpose (the heel part of the foot rises up).
On the hunting portion of the bear, rotten stumps and decks, ragged red ants, bursting nests of ears and bumblebees, bumblen holes, rolled into a turin tube on forest glades and meadows, young aspen, traces, traces claws and wool on trees trunks; And near the settlements near the settlements, the bear sometimes ruins bee hiles and at the end of summer, during the dairy maturity of oats, pulls his crops.
In the mountains, the brown bear, as a rule, makes nomads: Starting from spring, feeds in the valleys, where the snow comes down, then goes to the goltz - Alpine meadows, then gradually descends into the forest belt when berries and nuts are kept. Often, one half of summer the bear lives on one slope of the mountains, the second - on the other, for tens of kilometers from the first.
In Kamchatka, where there are hot springs, bears with pleasure take therapeutic baths, especially early in spring.
Social Structure: The bear is usually single. The males and females are territorial, the individual plot on average takes from 73 to 414 km 2, and by males, it is about 7 times more than the females. The boundaries of the site are marked with smell marks and "bully" - scratches on the noticeable trees.
The size of the site depends on the abundance of the feed: in the rich food forests the beast can hold on to the square in just 300-800 hectares.
Feed plots are partially covered, and there is no data on the protection of its sites. In places where feed are in abundance, the bears are collected in large quantities. Relations between beasts in such communities are built on the conditions of hierarchies and are supported by aggressive relations. The dominant place is occupied by large adult males, although the most aggressive bears - females with young people. Less than all aggressive occupying a low place in the hierarchy of young bears.
Brown bears winter one way, and a bear - with bearings.
Reproduction: Beaming after the winter sleep, around the middle of May, the brown bears begin gon, which lasts about a month. The female informs about his susceptibility (willingness to mate) by smells, leaving odorless tags on its territory. IN marriage Male, usually silent, begin to roar loudly. Between them, sometimes there are brutal contractions, sometimes the deaths of one of the rivals, whom the winner can even eat. After victory, the males carefully guard the female from contacts with other males from 1 to 3 weeks.
Despite this, the female usually pairing with several males. At the same time, the male bears can be dangerous for a person.
Season / reproduction period: In the summer, from May to July, and the period in females lasts 10-30 days.
Paulic ripening: At the age of 4-6 years, but grow continue to 10-11 years.
Pregnancy: 6-8 months lasts with the latent stage. The embryo actively begins to develop in November, when the female falls in Berloga.
Offspring: In Berorog, in about January, the female brings 2-3, occasionally 4 helpless young coated with short rare wool, blind, with overgrown auditory passages.
Newborn cubs weigh only half aologram and in length do not exceed 25 cm. Bear twisted in a month. Already by 3 months, they become an increase with a small dog and have a complete set of dairy teeth and, except for milk, berries begin to eat berries, greens and insects. At this age, they weigh about 15 kg, and by 6 months already 25 kg. Predatory behavior in the bear begins to appear aged 5.5-7 months and suddenly occurs. About six months, they suck Mother's milk, and the first two winter live with her, clutching in a hibernate family.
Father offspring does not do, the cub raises the female. Sometimes, last year's beasts, so-called Pestunas are held together with seboolets (climbs). Growth and development Bear is very slow. Finally, they are separated from the mother for 3-4 years of life.
Benefit / harm for man: The commercial value of the brown bear is small, the hunting in many areas is prohibited or limited. The skin is used mainly for carpets, and meat in food. The gallbladder is used in traditional Asian medicine.
Meeting with a brown bear can be deadly. At a man, the bear attacks extremely rarely: if it is disturbed in the winter berry, injured or captured by surprise with prey. Also dangerous bearings, having a bear with them, and in the winter - "rods". Such a meeting may end with death or injury. Usually, if the beast went to a person, they advise you to fall to the ground and do not move, pretending to be dead until the beast leaves.
In places where there are a lot of bears, it is recommended when walking crack bumps or people to do. Very rarely bears become real cannodies. As a rule, it happens with large dark-colored males. Cannibal- "recidivists" for post-war years It is noted about three dozen, and in general, in a year, no more than a dozen people become victims of the bears and about hundreds of cattle heads.
In some places, a brown bear ruins the apiary, damaging sowing. Running on oats, the bears eat a lot of grain, and crushing more crops. They spoil the trees that are closed for cedar nuts, fruit, etc.
Population / preservation status: Brown bear entered in International Red Book of IUCNwith the status of the "view under threat", however, its number will be much varied from the population to the population. According to approximate estimates, about 200,000 brown bears are now in the world. Of these, most live in Russia - 120,000, USA - 32,500 (95% live in Alaska) and Canada - 21 750. About 14,000 individuals have survived in Europe.
The population differences between the brown bears are so great that they once were subdivided into many independent species (only in North America there were up to 80). Today, all the brown bears are combined into one species with several geographic races or subspecies:
- Ursus Arctos Arctos. - Brown European Bear,
- Ursus Arctos Californicus. - California Grizzly, is depicted on the flag of California, died by 1922,
- Ursus Arctos Horribilis. - Grizzly (North America),
- Ursus Arctos Isabellinus. - Brown Himalayan Bear, is found in Nepal,
- Ursus Arctos Middendorffi. - Brown Alaskan Bear or Kodiak,
- Ursus Arctos Nelsoni. - Brown Mexican Bear, extinct in the 1960s,
- Ursus Arctos Pruinosus. - Brown Tibetan Bear, very rare view, is considered a prototype of the Legends of Yeti,
- Ursus Arctos Yesoensis - Brown Japanese Bear, is found on Hokkaido.
In the mythology of most nations, Eurasia and North America The bear serves as a link between the world of people and the world of animals. Primitive hunters were considered mandatory, mining a bear, commit the rite of Kamlany, asking for forgiveness of the murdered spirit. Kamlany and Donyn make indigenous inhabitants of the deaf districts of the North and the Far East. In some places, the murder of a bear with firearms And still considered a sin. Ancient ancestors of European peoples so afraid of the bear, which is to say out loud of his name arctos. (Aryev in the V-I millenniums BC, later the Latin peoples) and the Sword (in the Slavs in the V-IX centuries AD) was prohibited. Instead, nicknames were used: ursus. At the Romans, Veag from the ancient Germans, a wedding or a bear - from Slavs. With the centuries, these nicknames turned into titles, which in turn were also prohibited from hunters and replaced with nicknames (among Russians - Mikhail Ivanovich, Toptygin, Host). In the early Christian tradition, the bear was considered the Beast Satan.
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Security status: species under the smallest threat of disappearance.
Listed in the Red Book of IUCN
Few animals capture the human imagination so much like a brown bear. They are the priority inhabitants of the animal world that need to be saved. Considering the dependence on large territorial zones, brown bears are an important component of control over the other animals.
Brown bear is one of the largest predators among animals. On average, adult males are 8-10% more than females, but dimensions vary depending on the habitats of the species. The brown bears feed on the morning and in the evening, and during the day the day prefers rest under thick vegetation. Depending on the time of year, brown bears can overcome hundreds of kilometers to search for food.
Slotch
The hibernation lasts from October-December to March Mai. In some southern regions, the duration of the hibernation is very short either and is not available at all. The brown bear chooses a place for example, a hole, which is located on a protected slope under a large stone or among the roots of a large tree. The same hibernation places can be used over the years.
Dimensions
Brown bear, not the largest among the family of bearish, the championship belongs. Nevertheless, this species can reach huge sizes - males weigh about 350-450 kilograms, and females on average 200 kilograms. There are individuals, the mass of which will translate for halftone.
Color
Despite the fact that woolen cover, usually dark brown, there are also other colors - from cream to almost black. Color depends on habitats. In the Rocky Mountains (USA), brown bears have long wool on shoulders and back.
Habitat
Brown bears live in a variety of places from the outskirts of the desert to the alpine forests and ice fields. In Europe, the brown bears occurs on mountain forests, in Siberia their main habitat, are forests, and in North America prefer, alpine meadows and coasts. The main requirement necessary for this species is the presence of thick vegetation, in which the brown bear can gain shelter during the daytime.
Life cycle
Newborn bears are vulnerable because they are born blind, without woolen cover and weighing only 340-680 grams. Young grows very quickly and at 6 months reach 25 kilograms. The lactation period lasts 18-30 months. Young usually stay with the mother before the third or fourth year of life. Despite the fact that sex maturity comes in 4-6 years, the brown bear continues to grow and develop up to 10-11 years. In the wild can live from 20 to 30 years, but despite such a life expectancy, most dies at an early age.
Reproduction
Pairing in brown bears is getting on warm months (May-July). Pregnancy lasts 180-266 days, and the birth of a young one comes from January-March, as a rule, at this time the females are in a hibernation. Usually 2-3 bears are born in one female. The following offspring can be expected in 2-4 years.
Food
Brown bears are omnivores, and the diet varies depending on the time of year - from the grass in spring, berries and apples in summer, to nuts and drains in the fall. During the whole year, they feed on roots, insects, mammals (including elk and wapiti, from the rocky mountains of Canada), reptiles and of course honey. In Alaska, during the summer, the bears feed on salmon walking on spawning.
Population and distribution
The total population of the brown bear on the planet has about 200,000 individuals, while in Russia lives the greatest number - close to 100,000 individuals.
8000 individuals of the brown bear, as scientists believe, lives in the territory Western Europe (Slovakia, Poland, Ukraine, Romania). There are also assumptions that the view can be found in Palestine, Eastern Siberia. and the Himalayan regions. Possible habitats are considered the territories of the Atlas Mountains in the North-West Africa and the island of Hokkaido, located in Japan.
The brown bear is still quite common in the mountainous regions of the western part of Canada and Alaska, where their number can reach 30,000 individuals. In other parts of the United States, less than 1000 brown bears remained.
Historical distribution
Previously, the brown bear was distributed in the territory of Northern and Central Europe, Asia, Atlas Mountains Morocco and Algeria, the western part of North America south to Mexico. Before the arrival of European immigrants, the form dwell on the great plains of North America. The population from the territory of Sierra Nevada and the Southern Rockies was exterminated, and the remaining in Northern Mexico died in the 1960s. In the early 1900s, about 100,000 individuals were numbered in the United States.
Major threats
Brown bears protrude with the object of hunting as big hunting trophies, as well as for getting meat and skins. The bubbles of the bear are highly valuable in the Asian market, since, as the people are considered, they have the properties of aphrodisiac. Value useful properties Products obtained from body portions have no medical reinforcement, but the demand is growing every year.
Other serious threats are the destruction of habitats and persecution. These problems affect the brown bear population in varying degrees, but apply to the entire habitat.
For example, at present, a brown bear can be found only by 2% of the previously inhabitable territory. Forest, mining, road construction and other human actions contributed to a decrease in the number of bears due to the destruction of the natural habitat.
In some countries, there is a conflict between a person and a bear, which creates a number of problems, especially in areas where the brown bear faces domestic cattle, gardening, water supply and garbage tanks.
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Terrible brown bears - the majestic guards of forests. This beautiful animal is considered to be a symbol of Russia, although numerous places of his habitat can be found in all corners of our planet. Since the brown bear is under threat of complete disappearance, it is listed in the Red Book. Basically, this animal lives in Russia, the USA and Canada. A small number of bears has been preserved in Europe and Asia.
The lifestyle of this important "Taiga's owner" is very interesting. How many brown bear live? What weight can it reach? Most interesting Facts We will tell about the life of the brown closure in this article.
Brown bear: appearance description
This animal is very strong. The powerful body is covered with thick hair, and the withers distinguish on the back clearly. It clustered a large number of muscles that allow the bear to apply crushing shocks with legs, pump trees or dig ground.
He is very big, with small ears and small, deeply planted eyes. The tail of the bears is short - about 2 cm, barely noticeable under the wool layer. The paws are very strong, with large curled claws that reach the length of 10 cm. When walking, the bear evenly transfers the body weight to the entire sole, as a person, and therefore it belongs to the type of adjoining animals.
The wool among the famous "Taiga owner" is very beautiful - thick, evenly painted. Brown bears have a tendency to molt - in the spring and autumn they update their fur coat. The first change of wool comes immediately after the hibernation and is very intense. Especially noticeable its manifestations during the Gon. Autumn molting flows slowly and continues until hibernation.
How many brown bear live?
The life expectancy of the Kosolapoy depends on the environment of its habitat. Under wildlife, a brown bear can reach age from 20 to 35 years. If the animal is contained in the zoo, this figure increases almost twice. In captivity, the bear can live for about 50 years. The offensive of puberty occurs between the ages of 6 and 11 years.
Animal sizes and weight
The standard length of the body of a closure predator varies within one or two meters. The largest bears live in Alaska, Kamchatka and the Far East. These are grizzlys, true giants whose growth at the hind legs reaches three meters.
The maximum weight of the bear (brown) can be 600 kg. These are real heavyweight giants. The average weight of the adult male is at the level of 140-400 kg, and the weight of the female is 90-210 kg. The largest male was discovered on the island of Kodiak. His body weight was huge - 1134 kg. However, animals living in the middle lane of Russia weigh much less - about 100 kg.
By autumn, this animal accumulates a large fatty supply for the upcoming hibernation, and therefore the weight of the bear (brown) increases by 20%.
Habitat
Mostly bears live in dense forests, in swampy locations. Often they can be seen in the tundra or alpine forests. In Russia, this animal occupies remote northern regions. Very often there are brown bears in Siberia. Taiga's calm forests allow Kosolapi to feel spacious and freely, and here nothing prevents their existence.
In the US, bears live predominantly in open areas - on the coasts, alpine meadows. In Europe, they mainly live in mountainous dense forests.
In Asia, you can also meet the population of brown bear. Their area takes small areas of Palestine, Iran, North China and the Japanese Island Hokkaido.
What is food?
Oviationity and endurance are the main qualities that help survive the beast in difficult conditions. In the diet of the brown bear, 75% is vegetable food. Kosolapiy can feed with tubers, nuts, berries, herbs stems, roots and acorns. If this is not enough, the bear can go on oats or corn crops, feed in cedarns.
Large individuals have an incomplete strength and hunt for small young animals. With just one blow of a huge paw, the bear can kill the spine moose or deer. He hunts on a roe, kabanov, lins, mountain goats. Without problems, brown bears can eat rodents, larvae, ants, frogs, worms and lizards.
Skillful fishermen and masking
Often bears feed on Padal. The found the remains of animals Kosolapiy skillfully covers the twig and tries to be nearby until he is completely eating his "find". If the bear recently poked, he can wait a few days. After some time, the meat of the dead animal will become softer, and he will gladly enjoy them.
The most amazing study of the bears is fishing. They go to the Far Eastern spawning rivers, where salmosi massively accumulate. Especially often here are nursed by the bear with their offspring. Mother skillfully catches salmon and refers him to his young.
Simultaneously on the river you can see up to 30 bears, which often come into battle for prey.
Behavior
The Bear has very developed sense of smell. The smell of decomposed meat he felt clearly, even from him at a distance of 3 km. Hearing it is also very good. Sometimes the bear rises to the hind legs to listen to any sound or feel the direction of the smell of food.
How does the bear behave in nature? The brown "owner of the Taiga" begins to bypass his possessions with the onset of twilight or early in the morning. In bad weather or on rainy periods, he can wander through the forest all day in search of food.
Speed \u200b\u200band dexterity - distinctive quality of the beast
At first glance, this huge animal seems very clumsy and slow. But it is not. The big brown bear is very prompt and lightweight. In pursuit of the victim, he can develop a speed of up to 60 km / h. Bear also excellent swimmer. It can easily overcome water from a distance of 6-10 km and with pleasure bathes in hot summer days.
Young bears are flawed in trees. With age, this ability is slightly dulled, but does not disappear. However, deep snow is a heavy test for them, since the bear on it moves with great difficulty.
Reproduction period
Restoring the strength after long sleep, Brown bears are ready for mating. Gon begins in the spring, in May, and goes on about a month. Females notify about the readiness for mating a special secret, which has a strong smell. On these labels, males find their chosen and guard them from rivals.
Sometimes for the female between two bears, cruel fights arise, in which fate is solved, and sometimes the life of one of them. In the event of the death of one of the males, the winner can even eat it.
In the marriage period, bears are very dangerous. They publish a wild roar and can attack a person.
Reproduction of offspring
Exactly 6-8 months in Berloda are born by cubs. Usually the female brings 2-4 young, completely bald, with underdeveloped hearing and vision organs. However, a month later, the cubs open their eyes, the ability to capture sounds. Immediately after the birth of the young weighing about 500 g, and their length reaches 25 cm. By 3 months, all milk teeth are cut down.
The first 6 months of their lives of the kids feed on the mother's milk. Then berries, insects, greens are added to their diet. Later, the mother brings them a fish or her prey. About 2 years old, the kids live together with the mother, are trained by the sobs, hunting toes, lie in a hibernation. An independent life of a young bear begins at the age of 3-4 years. The Bear Father never takes participation in the upbringing of offspring.
Lifestyle
Brown bear - an animal is non-permanent. In one place he feeds, he sleeps in the other, and for mating can leave the usual habitat by several kilometers. A young bear wanders around the terrain until he becomes a family.
Brown owner marks his possessions. Here only one can hunt here. Borders he marks a special way, breaking the bark from the trees. In areas without plantings, the bear can rip off the items that are in the field of his vision - stones, slopes.
In the summer he can rest carelessly on open glades, goes right on the ground. The main thing is that this place is secluded and safe for the bear.
Why the rod?
Before running in the winter hibernation, the bear must dial the required amount of fat stock. If it turns out not enough, the animal has to wander further in search of food. From this there was a name - connecting rod.
Moving on the cold course of the year, the bear is doomed to the death of frost, hunger or hunter gun. However, in the winter you can meet not only the connecting rod. Often, the bear can be simply disturbed by people. Then this disturbed beast is forced to look for new shelter to immerse themselves in a hibernation.
Search for Berlogs
This winter fabric is a bear chooses with special care. For Berherry, reliable calm places are elected, located on the borders of the swamps, in the burlomas, on the banks of the rivers, in secluded caves. Refuge should be dry, warm, spacious and safe.
The bear seats his burgrel with moss, laying out a soft litter from it. The branches of the trees are masked and insulated. Very often good Berlry Bear enjoys a few years.
The life of brown bears is to search for food, especially in front of the winter hibernation. Before immersed in a dream, the beast diligently confuses the traces: goes on the swamps, loops and even walks back in advance.
Silent and relaxing rest
In the cozy Beror, the bears sleep all frosty long winter. Old males leave their refuge before all. The longest of the rest is in the Berld of the Major with the offspring. The holy of brown bears is 5-6 months old. She usually begins in October, and ends in April.
In deep sleep, the bears are not immersed. They retain sensitivity and vitality, they are easy to disturb them. Body temperature of a bear during sleep is within 29-34 degrees. During the hibernation, little energy is consumed, and the closure is enough of its bodybuildly acquired in active time. During the winter recreation period, the Bear loses about 80 kg of its weight.
Features wintering
All winter, the bear sleeps on the side, conveniently curled up by the village. Less often observe poses on the back or sitting, with the head down. Breathing and heart rate with hibernation slow down.
Surprisingly, but during the winter sleep, this animal is not defecated. All waste of life in the body of the bear is repeated and transformed into the valuable proteins necessary for its existence. The rectum closes a dense tube consisting of needles, compressed herbs and wool. It is removed after the exit of the animal from the berry.
Does the bear sucks?
Many naively believe that in the period winter hibernation Kosolapiy miners valuable vitamins of their limbs. But it is not. The fact is that in January there is a skin update on the pads of the lapse of the bear. Old dry skin burst and gives him strong discomfort. To somehow temper this itching, the bear licks the paw, moisturizing and softening it with its saliva.
Dangerous and strong animal
The bear is primarily a predator, mighty and scary. A random meeting with this enjoyable beast will not bring anything good.
Spring Gon, winter search for new shelter - in these periods the brown bear is most dangerous. A description or photographs of animals who live in nurseries and are kindly relate to people, do not have to seduce you, - there they have grown completely in other conditions. In nature, the calm beast can show cruelty and easily demolish your head. Especially if you wandered on its territory.
Self-side follows and females with offspring. Mother moves instincts and aggression, so it is better not to get up on its way.
Of course, the behavior of the club depends on the situation and time of year. Often, the bears themselves run away, huvie away by man. But you should not think that since this beast can eat berries and honey, this is his favorite food. The best meal for the bear is meat, and he will never miss the opportunity to get it.
Why is Kosolapy?
This nickname securely fixed the bear. And all the fact that when walking it comes alternately on the right and on the left paws. Therefore, on the part it seems that the bear is closer.
But this slowness and clumsy is deceptive. In the event of a dangerous situation, this beast is instantly started in a gallop and easily overtakes a person. The feature of the structure of the front and rear paw allows it to be unprecedented with a lifting of the mountain. He conquers the peaks much faster than descending from them.
It took not one millennium to formed such a complex system Habitat and life of this amazing animal. As a result, brown bears have gained the ability to survive in areas where there are harsh climatic conditions. Nature is amazing, and it remains only to admire her wisdom and immutable laws arising from all in its place.
Days in the northern hemisphere become longer and warmer. Of course, people rejoice in the upcoming warmth. However, this cannot be said about polar bears. The beasts feel perfectly at a temperature of -45 degrees and below. But from overheating, they are discomfort. In addition, the increase in average temperatures creates prerequisites for reducing the population of the largest predator of the planet.
What is happening today in the Arctic? White bears feed exclusively with mammalian meat, mostly lastonous: Nerosh, seal, in addition, the bear eats the feet and what the sea throws out. Sometimes, when it is especially hungry, feeds on rodents, moss and berries.
Reducing the area of \u200b\u200bthe ice cover of the Arctic seas and the change in the age structure of marine ice forces white bears spend more time on the coast and on the islands. Staying for a long time on the shore, white bears are deprived of access to their main power facility - seals living on sea iceand also are susceptible to high risk of a collision with a person, as a result of which they can be shot.
Today, according to scientists, 20-25 thousand individuals remained on Earth. Is there a lot or a little? Should we keep this kind? And if necessary, why? Let's figure it out.
So, a lot of white bears left? NOT! Their number is extremely small. And it continues to decline, despite the protection of the beast and bans on its prey. Only one fact. In the period from 2004 to 2007, out of 80 labeled young bears, only two survived. Previously, at least 50% of the newborn managed to survive.
The answer to the next question has already become obvious. We must, we just have to protect this species from extinction. And this should not be done because the white bears are cute, or that our descendants see them live, and not in the photos. If the polar bear disappears, the Arctic ecosystem will also be threatened. As we already know, the diet white bear - These are various marine animals, mostly lastonous. Based on this fact, it can be assumed that the population of these species will sharply increase after the disappearance of their main enemy. But the number of fish living in the waters of the Arctic Ocean can shrink, since marine predators will become more than more, and hence, they will need food more. And it will be a huge problem for both animals and people.
On the other hand, polar bears Provide food minor predators who are unable to feed themselves hunting. If the bear manages to kill the walrus, then first of all he devours the skin and fat, the rest of the carcass - only in case of strong hunger. Release remains usually fades. So, without the help of skirt, the songs may be on the verge of extinction or perhaps.
Thus, people must do everything so that the polar bear lives.
What steps in this direction Russia takes?
In Russia, the hunt for the White Bed is completely banned since 1957, this species is listed in the Red Book. Other Arctic countries began to introduce hunting restrictions much later.
Since 2010, the Russian Geographical Society supports the Black Bear project. Its goal is to preserve and explore polar bears in the Russian Arctic, the development of non-invasive methods for collecting biological material (discarded oyful hair, excrement) for genetic studies of the structure of populations in the region.
By the way, the study of these animals by Russian scientists is the most humane in the world. So, in the US, still for the study of polar bears in a sleeping animal, fangs dome. What is the predator to live without tools for hunting?
The Russian Geographical Society is constantly expanding the range of studies of the White Bear: At first it was a Baretsevomoor population, in 2013 for the first time an aviation accounting was carried out by the number of Chukchi-Alaskan population, and in 2014, work on the Taimyr coast began.
Work is conducted in collaboration with the Council on Maritime Mammals, the Russian Arctic National Park, Taimyr Reserves, as well as the Institute for Ecology Problems and Evolution named after A.N. Seversow RAS.
March 22-24 of this year, Russian scientists met with American colleagues in San Diego. During the meeting, a document on the joint study of the White Bears of Chukotka and Alaska in the period 2016-2018 was signed.
Thus, for many years, Russia has taken care of the preservation of the population of the Northern Predator. We understand that to keep polar bears - it means to preserve the ecosystem of the Arctic, and, consequently, the ecosystem of the Earth.
Well, who will now say that in the Arctic Russia pursues only its utilitarian goals?
Terrible brown bears - the majestic guards of forests. This beautiful animal is considered to be a symbol of Russia, although numerous places of his habitat can be found in all corners of our planet. Since the brown bear is under threat of complete disappearance, it is listed in the Red Book. Basically, this animal lives in Russia, the USA and Canada. A small number of bears has been preserved in Europe and Asia.
The lifestyle of this important "Taiga's owner" is very interesting. How many brown bear live? What weight can it reach? The most interesting facts about the life of the brown closure we will tell you in this article.
Brown bear: appearance description
This animal is very strong. The powerful body is covered with thick hair, and the withers distinguish on the back clearly. It clustered a large number of muscles that allow the bear to apply crushing shocks with legs, pump trees or dig ground.
He is very big, with small ears and small, deeply planted eyes. The tail of the bears is short - about 2 cm, barely noticeable under the wool layer. The paws are very strong, with large curled claws that reach the length of 10 cm. When walking, the bear evenly transfers the body weight to the entire sole, as a person, and therefore it belongs to the type of adjoining animals.
The wool among the famous "Taiga owner" is very beautiful - thick, evenly painted. Brown bears have a tendency to molt - in the spring and autumn they update their fur coat. The first change of wool comes immediately after the hibernation and is very intense. Especially noticeable its manifestations during the Gon. Autumn molting flows slowly and continues until hibernation.
How many brown bear live?
The life expectancy of the Kosolapoy depends on the environment of its habitat. Under wildlife, a brown bear can reach age from 20 to 35 years. If the animal is contained in the zoo, this figure increases almost twice. In captivity, the bear can live for about 50 years. The offensive of puberty occurs between the ages of 6 and 11 years.
Animal sizes and weight
The standard length of the body of a closure predator varies within one or two meters. The largest bears live in Alaska, Kamchatka and the Far East. These are grizzlys, true giants whose growth at the hind legs reaches three meters.
The maximum weight of the bear (brown) can be 600 kg. These are real heavyweight giants. The average weight of the adult male is at the level of 140-400 kg, and the weight of the female is 90-210 kg. The largest male was discovered on the island of Kodiak. His body weight was huge - 1134 kg. However, animals living in the middle lane of Russia weigh much less - about 100 kg.
By autumn, this animal accumulates a large fatty supply for the upcoming hibernation, and therefore the weight of the bear (brown) increases by 20%.
Habitat
Mostly bears live in dense forests, in swampy locations. Often they can be seen in the tundra or alpine forests. In Russia, this animal occupies remote northern regions. Very often there are brown bears in Siberia. Taiga's calm forests allow Kosolapi to feel spacious and freely, and here nothing prevents their existence.
In the US, bears live predominantly in open areas - on the coasts, alpine meadows. In Europe, they mainly live in mountainous dense forests.
In Asia, you can also meet the population of brown bear. Their area takes small areas of Palestine, Iran, North China and the Japanese Island Hokkaido.
What is food?
Oviationity and endurance are the main qualities that help survive the beast in difficult conditions. In the diet of the brown bear, 75% is vegetable food. Kosolapiy can feed with tubers, nuts, berries, herbs stems, roots and acorns. If this is not enough, the bear can go on oats or corn crops, feed in cedarns.
Large individuals have an incomplete strength and hunt for small young animals. With just one blow of a huge paw, the bear can kill the spine moose or deer. He hunts on a roe, kabanov, lins, mountain goats. Without problems, brown bears can eat rodents, larvae, ants, frogs, worms and lizards.
Skillful fishermen and masking
Often bears feed on Padal. The found the remains of animals Kosolapiy skillfully covers the twig and tries to be nearby until he is completely eating his "find". If the bear recently poked, he can wait a few days. After some time, the meat of the dead animal will become softer, and he will gladly enjoy them.
The most amazing study of the bears is fishing. They go to the Far Eastern spawning rivers, where salmosi massively accumulate. Especially often here are nursed by the bear with their offspring. Mother skillfully catches salmon and refers him to his young.
Simultaneously on the river you can see up to 30 bears, which often come into battle for prey.
Behavior
The Bear has very developed sense of smell. The smell of decomposed meat he felt clearly, even from him at a distance of 3 km. Hearing it is also very good. Sometimes the bear rises to the hind legs to listen to any sound or feel the direction of the smell of food.
How does the bear behave in nature? The brown "owner of the Taiga" begins to bypass his possessions with the onset of twilight or early in the morning. In bad weather or on rainy periods, he can wander through the forest all day in search of food.
Speed \u200b\u200band dexterity - distinctive quality of the beast
At first glance, this huge animal seems very clumsy and slow. But it is not. The big brown bear is very prompt and lightweight. In pursuit of the victim, he can develop a speed of up to 60 km / h. Bear also excellent swimmer. It can easily overcome water from a distance of 6-10 km and with pleasure bathes in hot summer days.
Young bears are flawed in trees. With age, this ability is slightly dulled, but does not disappear. However, deep snow is a heavy test for them, since the bear on it moves with great difficulty.
Reproduction period
Restoring the strength after a long sleep, brown bears are ready for mating. Gon begins in the spring, in May, and goes on about a month. Females notify about the readiness for mating a special secret, which has a strong smell. On these labels, males find their chosen and guard them from rivals.
Sometimes for the female between two bears, cruel fights arise, in which fate is solved, and sometimes the life of one of them. In the event of the death of one of the males, the winner can even eat it.
In the marriage period, bears are very dangerous. They publish a wild roar and can attack a person.
Reproduction of offspring
Exactly 6-8 months in Berloda are born by cubs. Usually the female brings 2-4 young, completely bald, with underdeveloped hearing and vision organs. However, a month later, the cubs open their eyes, the ability to capture sounds. Immediately after the birth of the young weighing about 500 g, and their length reaches 25 cm. By 3 months, all milk teeth are cut down.
The first 6 months of their lives of the kids feed on the mother's milk. Then berries, insects, greens are added to their diet. Later, the mother brings them a fish or her prey. About 2 years old, the kids live together with the mother, are trained by the sobs, hunting toes, lie in a hibernation. An independent life of a young bear begins at the age of 3-4 years. The Bear Father never takes participation in the upbringing of offspring.
Lifestyle
Brown bear - an animal is non-permanent. In one place he feeds, he sleeps in the other, and for mating can leave the usual habitat by several kilometers. A young bear wanders around the terrain until he becomes a family.
Brown owner marks his possessions. Here only one can hunt here. Borders he marks a special way, breaking the bark from the trees. In areas without plantings, the bear can rip off the items that are in the field of his vision - stones, slopes.
In the summer he can rest carelessly on open glades, goes right on the ground. The main thing is that this place is secluded and safe for the bear.
Why the rod?
Before running in the winter hibernation, the bear must dial the required amount of fat stock. If it turns out not enough, the animal has to wander further in search of food. From this there was a name - connecting rod.
Moving on the cold course of the year, the bear is doomed to the death of frost, hunger or hunter gun. However, in the winter you can meet not only the connecting rod. Often, the bear can be simply disturbed by people. Then this disturbed beast is forced to look for new shelter to immerse themselves in a hibernation.
Search for Berlogs
This winter fabric is a bear chooses with special care. For Berherry, reliable calm places are elected, located on the borders of the swamps, in the burlomas, on the banks of the rivers, in secluded caves. Refuge should be dry, warm, spacious and safe.
The bear seats his burgrel with moss, laying out a soft litter from it. The branches of the trees are masked and insulated. Very often good Berlry Bear enjoys a few years.
The life of brown bears is to search for food, especially in front of the winter hibernation. Before immersed in a dream, the beast diligently confuses the traces: goes on the swamps, loops and even walks back in advance.
Silent and relaxing rest
In the cozy Beror, the bears sleep all frosty long winter. Old males leave their refuge before all. The longest of the rest is in the Berld of the Major with the offspring. The holy of brown bears is 5-6 months old. She usually begins in October, and ends in April.
In deep sleep, the bears are not immersed. They retain sensitivity and vitality, they are easy to disturb them. Body temperature of a bear during sleep is within 29-34 degrees. During the hibernation, little energy is consumed, and the closure is enough of its bodybuildly acquired in active time. During the winter recreation period, the Bear loses about 80 kg of its weight.
Features wintering
All winter, the bear sleeps on the side, conveniently curled up by the village. Less often observe poses on the back or sitting, with the head down. Breathing and heart rate with hibernation slow down.
Surprisingly, but during the winter sleep, this animal is not defecated. All waste of life in the body of the bear is repeated and transformed into the valuable proteins necessary for its existence. The rectum closes a dense tube consisting of needles, compressed herbs and wool. It is removed after the exit of the animal from the berry.
Does the bear sucks?
Many people naively believe that during the winter hibernation hibernation, it produces valuable vitamins of their limbs. But it is not. The fact is that in January there is a skin update on the pads of the lapse of the bear. Old dry skin burst and gives him strong discomfort. To somehow temper this itching, the bear licks the paw, moisturizing and softening it with its saliva.
Dangerous and strong animal
The bear is primarily a predator, mighty and scary. A random meeting with this enjoyable beast will not bring anything good.
Spring Gon, winter search for new shelter - in these periods the brown bear is most dangerous. A description or photographs of animals who live in nurseries and are kindly relate to people, do not have to seduce you, - there they have grown completely in other conditions. In nature, the calm beast can show cruelty and easily demolish your head. Especially if you wandered on its territory.
Self-side follows and females with offspring. Mother moves instincts and aggression, so it is better not to get up on its way.
Of course, the behavior of the club depends on the situation and time of year. Often, the bears themselves run away, huvie away by man. But you should not think that since this beast can eat berries and honey, this is his favorite food. The best meal for the bear is meat, and he will never miss the opportunity to get it.
Why is Kosolapy?
This nickname securely fixed the bear. And all the fact that when walking it comes alternately on the right and on the left paws. Therefore, on the part it seems that the bear is closer.
But this slowness and clumsy is deceptive. In the event of a dangerous situation, this beast is instantly started in a gallop and easily overtakes a person. The feature of the structure of the front and rear paw allows it to be unprecedented with a lifting of the mountain. He conquers the peaks much faster than descending from them.
It took not one millennium to formed such a complex habitat and life of this amazing animal. As a result, the brown bears have gained the ability to survive in areas where harsh climatic conditions are present. Nature is amazing, and it remains only to admire her wisdom and immutable laws arising from all in its place.