Interesting facts about polar bears. Polar White Bear All about Bear

Bears are so different

Bear (Lat. Ursidae) - a family of predatory mammals. Dwell throughout North and South America, in the north of Europe and Asia.

In the 20th century, the number and aroles of all types of bears declined sharply, which demanded the introduction of restrictions of shooting and guarding. In the lists of the International Red Book are listed: a large panda as an extinction of appearance (endangered), Himalayan, spectacular, white bears and gubach - like vulnerable species (Vulnerable).

Bears have a centerous physique. The bears are omnivores, they face and swim, quickly run, can stand and pass short distances on the hind legs. Have a short tail, long and thick wool, as well as excellent smell and rumor. Hunt in the evening or at dawn. The bearings are not susceptible to bee bite. There are almost no natural enemies in nature.

Fur with developed undercoat, rather rough. Hair cover is high, sometimes the cosmatic; Most species are thick, the Malay Bear has a low and rare. Coloring is monophonic, from coal-black to white; The big panda is contrasting, black and white. On the chest or around the eye there are bright marks. Some species have an individual and geographical variability of color. The color of the seasons does not change; Seasonal dimorphism is expressed in changing the height and flow of fur.

Bears - favorite content objects in zoos and training, including Circus. Usually they are afraid of a person, but can be dangerous in those places where they are not accustomed to people, especially polar bear And the bear Grizzly. Especially dangerous bear bear with bearings. In some cases, bears can harm agricultural cultures, beekeeping, animal husbandry.

Bears (Lat. Ursus) - the genus of mammals of the detachment of predatory. Currently, there are 8 types of bears divided by 5 births.

According to paleontological information, the genera's genus appeared 5-6 million years ago. The first representative is currently considered the Bear Ursus Minimus - a relatively small animal, whose fossil remains found in France. All modern four kinds of kinds, as well as a number of extinct (for example, the cave bear Ursus Spelaeus) originate from the Etruscan Bear (Ursus Etruscus), who lived 2-1 million years ago. The youngest kind of kind is the polar bear, which separated from brown bear approximately 200,000 years ago.

White, or polar bear (Ursus Maritimus) is the largest carnivorous of all bears. Males on average weigh 450-500 kg, sometimes reach 800 kg, in rare cases to tons. The weight of females is an average of 320 kg.

Brown Bear (Ursus Arctos) is the most common view of bears capable of adapting to a variety of habitats. The brown bears feel beautiful both in the taiga, and in semi-deserts, and in the mountains and for the polar circle. In connection with the huge range of distribution, a brown bear formed a lot of subspecies that are very different from each other in magnitude and appearance. There is no other animal on Earth, which would have been observed as a scatter in weight. The smallest bears of this species weigh about 100 kg, and the weight of the largest occasionally reaching tons.

Black Bear, or Baribal (Ursus Americanus) is found exclusively in North Americawhere the widespread is much extensive than the brown bear. Baribal is largely similar to his nearest relative - a brown bear, but it is noticeably inferior to the bromot in size, he has a narrower head and larger ears. The weight of the Baribala is usually about 150-200 kg, sometimes the weight of some males takes over 250 kg.

Himalayan, Belogruda, or asian black bear (Ursus Thibetanus) in size from the barbala, but it differs markedly from it the structure of the skull. The color of the wool is the same as the black bear, however, there are always on the chest white spot In the form of the Latin letter "V".

Bear-Gubach (Melursus Ursinus) has a very peculiar look. The Gubacha Bear Color is similar to the Himalayan Bear, with the same characteristic stain on the chest. Wool is long and shaggy. Weigh gubachi on average 80-100 kg, some males can reach 140 kg. The basis of its diet is the termites and ants.

Malay Bear, or Biruang (Helarctos Malayanus) is the smallest of the family of bearish.

Point bear (Tremarctos Ornatus) - the only representative of the family of bear in South America. The spectacle bear prefers mountain forests, but sometimes descends on more open spaces. Often climbs on the trees and goes well. Along with Big Panda, it is the most roaring of bears. The weight of the glasses is approximately 100-150 kg, an average of about 130 kg.

Big Panda (Ailuropoda Melanoleuca) is the most kind of bear.

The significance of the mining of the bear

The object of fishery and sports hunting is a brown bear. The benefit, bringing the bearish hunt, is very significant. Previously, heavy and lush bearish skins walked on carpets and doo-hand coats. Mostly of which the cavity was made, which covered sedodes on the sleigh.

The Bear is a valuable hunting beast, whose skins are constantly exposed on Canadian auctions of wild fur. Length of bearish skins can reach 3 meters. The wear resistance of the fur of the brown bear is equal to 65%.

The fur bear has a thick pile with a high thick dipper. The bear fur can be of different lengths and coloring. The color is rare dark brown. Bear fur is considered the warmest. According to historical data, the UNTA from the bear wool was Peter ι himself. The bear fur - the bearish of the skin can heal from such a disease as gout: if you lie down when aggravating the disease, the pain passes.

If you were lucky enough to visit Denmark in Copenhagen Castle Amalienborg, you had to pay attention to the guardsmen of the guards in traditional bear hops. Traditionally, the Danish and British Guard was supplied as a material for headdresses with a black bear fur - Baribaly. Once the Baribalov was caught in Russia. The very first samples of the caps presented his son-in-law to the Danish king - Emperor Alexander III.

If, during World War II, the royal guard managed to somehow show himself, now she often causes ironic smiles among tourists: young and slender keepers of the queen of Queen Margret II in their powerful heads will look very funny. And in vain, the yawns laugh - they would try to stand on the sun, holding half a furs on the head. Guards cap of about 40 centimeters tall and weighs more than 600 grams.

The White Bear has a completely special fur, water quickly flows, he is well holding the return of heat. Thick fur bear retains heat due to the specific arrangement of hair hair, creating an airbag. The white bear fur very rarely appears on sale, as it is listed in the Red Book.

The bear fur is estimated depending on the size of the skins. Little bears are practically not appreciated. Bear skins are now used for interior. The skins hang on the walls are used as carpets or made decorative scarecrow. And a bearish skin is used for the upholstery of the aspirations, covers for car chairs, toys, souvenirs, hats.

The most nice bearish skin is mined in winter when climatic conditions Forcing the beast to grow thick fur. In winter, the bear remains in the berry, so its skin does not have characteristic damage caused by the activity of the animal. The skin of the bear extracted in the fall, worse than winter, but is still suitable for the selection. As a rule, the quality of autumn skins increases from the beginning of September to October, which is associated with increasing me.

The bear meat is valued quite high. Meat of young bears has a gentle pleasant taste, fried or smoked agricultural bold bears are considered delicacy. Especially appreciated by grocery paws. The bear's head will also be heard with an excellent dish.

Bear fat easily comes true and expensive paid. Fat white color, it does not harden and does not fit in closed vessels, and in the fresh form it has an opposite taste that disappears only when it is boiled with a bow. Bear fat is famous for a good remedy for hair loss.

The bearish is also very valued bile, which has healing power: it helps from fever. Therefore, after a happy hunt, its participants are abundantly treated with vodka, to which mix, a little bile of the dead animal. Fat and bile bears are used in traditional Chinese and Japanese medicine for the treatment of liver and bile paths, kidneys, strong burns.

Bear in Heraldik

In Heraldry, the bear for foreseeing the weather, knows how to hide in Berloga in time, where he is preparing a lair, is considered a symbol of prudency and revered by passing (FR. Passant), if it goes, and risen (FR. Leve), when it stands on the hind legs .

The Bear is a heraldic symbol of Berlin from March 22, 1280. This afternoon dated the message of the Guild of the Berlin Skiryakov, on which there is a seal with two teddy bear.

The Bear is depicted on the coat of arms of Russian ancient cities - Yaroslavl, Sergach, Volsk, Novgorod and Perm. On the coat of arms Maloyaroslavets - the Bear is depicted in Berorga. The Yaroslavl Bear came even on a monetary bill with a denomination of 1000 rubles.

There is also a "Golden Bear" of the Berlin Film Festival. Our country he visits only twice, for the paintings "climbing" Larisa Shephenko and the "theme" of Gleb Panfilov.

The name of the bear was named by rivers, lakes - a large bearish lake in Canada, waterfalls, caves, gorges, cities - Medvezhiegorsk, Streets in Warsaw. And even a football club - Chicago bears, probably the owners of the team in the depths of the soul were guided by the same motives as their distant ancestors who chose their tribe into the patrons of the Bear Spirit. In England, there is a monument to bear at the station, whose name is Kosolapiy.

In the Caucasus, one of the passages is called - a bear gate. The surname Medvedev is widespread. The Bear is the only link, which is lovingly called the Human name - Misha.

In 1950, in the United States, in New Mexico, after a forest fire in the zoo delivered a bear with strong burns. He was cured and called Smoky. Now his image has become a symbol of struggle with forest fires. This example shows that in our time good traditions can be born.

Legends about Mount Ayu Dag - Bear Mountain

Many rested in the Crimea and remembered Mount Ayu Dag, translated from Turkic means a bear-mountain. She is very similar to the silhouette of the poison of the bear. There are two legends explaining the origin of the Bear Mountains.

The first legend states that a very long time on the Black Sea coast lived bears. Once the storm nailed the boat to the shore, in which there was a little girl. Bears raised her. And then this girl met the young man and sailed to people with him. And the leader of the bears lay down on the seashore and accompanied the ship disappearing behind the horizon. So lies so far.

In the second legend it is said that a long time ago, people lived on the Black Sea. They had a deity to whom they worshiped. Then they relaxed and stopped reading their god. Then God went north, released a huge bear from the Berloga and instructed him to re-educate these people. The bear sailed to the south and began to twist everything that he came under his paws. But when he got to the Parthenite Valley, he really liked the local climate and he decided to stay in this beautiful edge forever. Then the indignant God turned the bear into a stone in a moment when he drank marine water. Here is such a sad story.

Legends about bears

The bear is a significant beast of Russian culture, which appears in literary works, folk fairy tales, epics, sometimes - as the main character, in Russian proverbs and sayings. In Russian folk tales, the Bear is presented as a smart, playful beast, living near people.

In Russia, the most popular beast was a bear. Folk sympathy and respect is felt. "You, the Bear, you are my father," said in an old song. The bear was called Toptygin, Mikhail Ivanovich.

In the West of Russia, the bear was honored, and the day was devoted to the celebration of the bear on the eve of the Annunciation. On this day, special dishes were prepared - dried rep sign and oatmeal kissel, as a sign that the bear loves Oats and pea coma, and the holiday itself was called the "comedian". After lunch, everything, old and small, lay down and remembered, slowly rolled out from the sides on the side, imitating the bear in Berorgan. It lasted about 2 hours to ensure that the bear makes it easier to get from his winter beard. It was forbidden to work on this day.

By the way, a curious view is available on the ancient practice of driving bears in the villages. Only in the same low-power year, in 1813 there were about 2 thousand "scientists" of bears. Drivers of bears, the crumbs were considered a kind of wizards, and any driving bear was able to promote the fertility of the fields and women - the Bear should cross through the lying woman. In Ukraine, a bear was drove in the village, women approached him to join fertility. A pregnant woman gave him a bread, if he comes silently, there will be a boy, goknet - girl.

Bear - Totem in Slavs Kievan Rus. Many Slavs have a bear who has overwhelmed the road - to good. Ukrainians said that the Bear was a transformation miller. The bear protects the Melnik, eliminating it from the visit to Water, believe the southern Slavs. In the legends about various holy bears, they are inferior to them their burgots. Other belief, God turned a man into a bear who decided to scare him with a roar. Holy Herkers, as evidenced by countless apocryfs, often lived in one cave with a bear.

Russians believe that devilry Can not take the appearance of the bear. "Bear from God," said in the Olonets province because the first bear was God. Belarusians call the bear "Forest Archimandrite". Human origin of the bear explains the ban to kill the bear and there is its meat from the Rhodopian Bulgarian. On people bears attack only at the direction of God, for their grave sins. The bear can take damage from livestock. The bear seen in a dream foreshadows the return of a loved one. Meeting with the Bear among the Russians - to luck. In Macedonia, the bear is called dinner and prepare Mamalygu. Bear is a pure animal, a symbol of health and power.

In the legends and legends of the northern peoples, the owner of the dense forests is mentioned - a brown bear. Traditions of many nations rank bear to human progenitors. Compared to other forest dwellers - elk, roelas, hares, foxes who were mined to satisfy the vital needs, hunted a bear with another purpose. The fact is that the bearish of the skin was considered a spectacular protective guard from evil spirits and any other misfortunes. Northern peoples that still live in unity with nature, it is customary to close the entrance to Yaranga or Chum bearish skin, to scare up evil spirits from the dwelling. Mighty tribe leaders and the strongest, successful hunters, sought in their home to arrange a bed from bearish skins. Only an experienced hunter was capable of getting a bear, well-trained physically and enjoyed by universal respect. The bear's skin extracted by him was evidence of the listed qualities.

It has always been believed that shamans have astral bond with a bear. Footing in a bear skin, the shaman provided himself with a connection with the highest spirits. The bear skiing was a mandatory attribute of the housing of the shaman.

There is a believer, allegedly the bear himself was once a man, and in a brown bear skin, he was cursed for bad behavior and disrespect for the gods. In the Arkhangelsk province, the clock was called "Earthly Bear." And very honored, believing that he scares the present bear.

The Bear Hunter in the Urals must carefully guard the skin of the beast killed them, otherwise the girls will cut claws from him. According to belief, the fourth finger claw with the right front leg has an extraordinary miraculous force: if the girl succeeds to secretly scratching their beloved guy, he will love her passionately.

Ostiabi attribute to the bear fangs mysterious power. Bear tooth serves as a talisman who saves him from diseases and danger. It also has a property to expose deception and cunning.

The Bear of Northern Peoples - Ostiaria, Aina, Gilyaki, Samoyed and Voguli are respectful. The Ainov Bear is called the God of Mountains. Ostyaki referred to his son of the sky, descended to the ground, contrary to the will of the Father. They believe that the soul of the bear is immortal. Udmpt bear is a totem animal. They will have a hunter with a hunter to kill more than 99 bears. Evenks believe that more than 60 bears can not be killed for human life. Greenland's Eskimos called the Bear respectfully "grandfather" - the owner of the Earth, "Big Man."

Bear is the king of groves and forests, "say Yakuts. And yet - the Bear is a smart, as a person, and if he does not say, then because he does not want. Or - about the bear do not speak badly, do not boast, he hears everything, although it is near and not, everything remembers everything, and does not forgive. Bear - Douce. In the Bear Duma a lot, but here it is. The Vilyuy Yakuts have been closed to attack the bear, approaching him, beyond him. When the nude in the forest accidentally pumped into a bear, he filmed a hat and respectfully said: "Go to your milk, respectable." The bear shot a fur coat and became a man, "say the gilacs. Ostiabi Tobolsk province before shooting into the bear, apologize in front of him. The Nenets say that the white bear has taught them with fire. The Altaians assured that the Bear hears through the Earth. In Norway it was believed that the bear attacked by a person is a non-Christian, the Christian Bear will never attack.

The cult of the bear in Zyryan is widespread. On September 1, the holiday "Osh Chualan Long" was cope with the old style in Zyryansky villages - which means in the translation of the "Day of Favorite Beeing Bear."

Marytsev, the bear embodied the Divine Male Start. Hunting for him is prohibited, the places where he dwells. Marie is known to Novgorods in antiquity as Medvevenniki - they have existed a system of bearish calendar holidays. During one of them, people in bear skins went around the village and gave gifts. Bear is a creature equal to a person who requires respect. Who does not remember the fairy tale about the bear on the lime leg. This ancient hunting story, there are Russian and Mariers, says that the meanness of the beast will always be punished, like meanness to man. The old man cut off his leg at the sleeper bear and cruelly paid for his dishonest act.

Dagestanis has a curious epic "Sultan-Beck and Majer". Once in winter, Sultan Beck Hunter walked at night in the forest and failed in Berlog's Bear. There was a bear with whom he began to live like a "husband" with "wife." For this she helped him soon escape from the snow captivity. When Sultan Beck returned to his village and spoke about all the people happening to people, they as a sign of gratitude led to the Messenger of the most distressed bull.

The holy bears were considered saints. In India and some American tribes, the bear belongs to both the bakery. In one Indian myth, it tells how a man lived in a black bear, and he taught him to catch salmon and build boats. When there were difficulties, a man went to the bear and he always helped him. For this, a man on his house painted a bear image.

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What color is the wool in the White Bear?

Polar bearThe characteristic features that distinguish the polar bear from its relatives are relatively long legs, a narrow chest, a long neck and a rather small flat head. Leather, nose, lips, lips, paw pads and black eyes, and wool color varies from white or grayish to yellowish or yellowish-red. The shade of fur coats often depends on the season, age (the cubs of the fur coat is whiter than in adults) and other factors, for example, in summer fur can turn yellow due to the constant effects of sunlight.

The polar bear is the largest representative of the detachment of predatory. Its length reaches 3 m, weight - 800 kg. Usually males weigh 400-600 kg; body length 200-250 cm, height in the withers to 160 cm. Females noticeably smaller (200-300 kg). The smallest bears are found on Spitsbergen, the largest - in the Bering Sea.

The polar bear from other bears is distinguished by a long neck and flat head. His skin is black. The color of the fur coats varies from white to yellowish; In the summer, the fur can turn yellow due to the constant effects of sunlight. White bear wool is deprived of pigment painting, and hollow fur. There is a hypothesis that they act as filaments, absorbing ultraviolet rays; In any case, with ultraviolet photography, the polar bear seems dark. Thanks to the structure of the wool, the white bear can sometimes "be green". It happens in a hot climate (in zoos), when microscopic algae is harvested inside the fur.

And you know what ... "Umka" in Chukchotski means - bear or more precisely "adult white bear-male"

Many of us believe that white bears have white wool, but in reality it is not so: animal wool, like undercoat - transparent and absolutely colorless. And white they seem to us because there is an air pocket inside each osial hair. When the light beam, consisting of all the colors of the rainbow, falls on the wool, the colors from the air pockets are reflected and, mixing, give a white color.

Depending on the season and the location of the Sun, the animal wool can be not only white, but yellow or brown tones (bears living in captivity, due to algae of artificial reservoirs can even be green). But if someone had managed to shave all the wool from the animal, it would be surprised that the skin of a polar bear was black. Dark-colored skin helps to absorb and hold sun rays, protecting the predator from the frost of the Arctic.

White or polar bear called the biggest predatory mammal An animal living on the surface of the earth (inferior only to the sea elephant). He is the closest relative of the brown bear and belongs to the family of bearish. In nature, there are about fifteen species of the polar bear, and the total number of animals is about twenty-five thousand.

You can meet these animals in the indoor latitudes of the northern hemisphere starting from Newfainland and ending 88 ° C. Sh., And they dwell on ice floating in the Arctic from the coast of Eurasia and America, therefore, they can be attributed to the land inhabitants only conditionally.

If you think about what natural zone White bears live, can be surprised: they are the only large predators of the Arctic, ideally fit for normal existence in polar latitudes. For example, during the snowy storms, they burst into the snowdrifts of the pit, fall into them and, not exciting anywhere, we lose the element.

The dimensions and weight of these animals largely depend on the place of residence: the smallest animals in description live on Spitsbergen, while the largest - in the Bering Sea. The average height of the bear in the withers reaches about one and a half meters, and the weight of males is significantly superior to the mass of females:

• The weight of males varies from 400 to 680 kg, the length is about three meters (the mass of large lions and tigers does not exceed 400 kg);
• The weight of females is from 200 to 270 kg, length is about two meters.

From other representatives of their kind, the polar bear on the description is characterized by a lot of weight, powerful showless shoulders, flat head and longer neck.

On the soles of the paw is wool, which allows the animal to slide and not freeze. A membrane is located between the fingers, and the paw structure allows polar bears to float gracefully, elegantly and quickly. Large curved claws are not only able to keep even strong prey, but also allow him to easily move on slippery ice and climbing in blocks.

It is noteworthy that these animals are quite capable of developing speeds up to 10 km / h and without stopping to sail about 160 km. They also dive very well and capable of staying under water for about two minutes.

The polar bear does not freeze due to the thickness, about 10 cm, the layer of subcutaneous fat on the back, the back of the body and the hips, as well as a very warm fur, which holds the heat allocated. The predator wool is very thick and dense, it not only reliably keeps warm, but protects the body of an animal from wetting, and white coloring makes it possible to perfectly disguise.

The teeth of polar bears are noteworthy: in the context they form annual circles of two cement layers. The tooth is tightly attached to the jaw, as the root of the teeth connects with it a layer of cement, which grows through the lifetime of the bear. IN different time The year is growing a layer in different ways and, as it were, consists of two parts: the winter layer is thinner than the summer, which is above it, and the older animal, the distance between the rings is less.

Way of life

Although the white bears and create the impression of a bad animal, in fact they are both on land and in water are very fast, decks, perfectly dive and swim. For example, leaving the danger of a polar bear without problems can move at a speed of about 7 km / h. To overcome, they are capable of considerable distances: the record for the distance of movement was recorded behind a white bear, who, together with the baby, slept 685 km from Alaska in the north side in search of a new home.

The main reason why she did it was that the place where white bears live was no longer suitable due to melting of the ice: seals left their place. Unfortunately, the teddy bear during such a nine-day swim died, and its weight decreased by twenty percent.

Despite its ability to develop high speeds, the polar bears move still prefer slowly and not in a hurry: at least the temperature indicators in the Arctic are able to fall to minus forty, these predators usually test the problem without freezing, but with overheating (especially when running).

Despite the fact that the white bears are single animals, they do not fight for their territory and positively belong to the rest of the representatives of their own species: often master the plot with groups, so far with each other. In the absence of food, you can eat your relative.

In one place, the animals also do not live for a long time and move along with ice, which in the summer sail closer to the pole, in winter - to the south, while being near the continent, the predator goes to the land. A polar bear prefers to be or on the coast, or on glaciers, and in the winter it can comfortably equip the berry at a distance of 50 km from the sea.

It is worth noting that the female sleeps longer during pregnancy (two or three months), while males and non-empty bear fell in a hibernation for a short period, and then not annually. When they go to bed, always closed the nose with a paw: it helps them to save warmly.

When they say about where white bears live, the ice floes immediately remember - it is there that these predators are able to find meals: here they live seals, a ringed nerve, a walrus, a marine hare, and other marine animals, which are included in the predator diet. For year, he in search of food goes around one and a half thousand kilometers. Thanks to the huge reserves of subcutaneous fat, it is capable of not taking food for a long time, but if the hunt is successful, it easily eats up to 25 kg of meat without difficulty (usually the bear catches seal once every three or four days).

Thanks to white color, magnificent hearing, perfect vision and excellent sense of smell, the bear is able to smooth his sacrifice for several kilometers (seal - at a distance of 32 km). Catching prey, sneaking because of the shelters, or the guard of her near the holes: as soon as the victim gives his head out of the water, he stuns a paw and pulls out. But on the shore, the polar bear for some reason hunts very rarely.

Sometimes, boiling to the ice, where seals are resting, he overturns it, and caresses prey in water (it is these animals that mainly make up its diet). But with a more heavy in weight and strong walrus, the polar is able to cope only on solid land, where he becomes nervous.

It is interesting that the white bear eats his prey is not completely, but only the fat and the skin, everything else is - only if the polar foxes, sands, seagulls donate in the carcass). If there is no familiar food, the polar bear is powered by Padalu, it is not bent to eat dead fish, eggs, chicks and even algae. After the meal, the polar bear spends at least twenty minutes to clean it, otherwise the wool will reduce its thermal insulation properties.

Thanks to this method of nutrition, the polar predator receives a sufficient amount of vitamin A from mining, which is postponed in its liver in such quantities that there was not one case of poisoning in the liver of this animal.

Masking of white bears

White bears can be perfectly disguised, and they are able to become invisible not only for mining, but even for infrared cameras, with which scientists are watching predators. It was discovered by zoologists during the flight above the Arctic, which was committed with the purpose of calculating the population of these animals. The equipment was failed to notice bears, because they absolutely merged with their surrounding ice. They could not even find infrared cameras: only eyes, black noses and breathing were reflected.

Invisible bears have become due to the fact that with the help of infrared cameras you can see not only the temperature indicators of the surface, but also radiation that comes from the observed objects. In the case of white bears, it turned out that their wool on their radio energous properties is similar to the characteristics of snow, because of which the chambers could not fix animals.

Offspring

A misstitution for the first time leads offspring not earlier than four years (and sometimes the first births are at eight). She gives birth once every two or three years no more than three cubs. Marriage Usually it lasts from March to June, behind one female there are about three or four males, who are constantly fighting with each other, and adult individuals can even attack and kill the bear. White bears can be broken with brown, as a result of which the offspring appears, which, unlike many other species of animals, is also able to multiply.

Pozhniy bear is preparing in October, starting to dig close to the coast in the snowy nanos of the berry. For this females are often assembled in one place, for example, about two hundred Berherog appears on the island of Wrangel annually. They are not in them not immediately, but in mid-November, and fall into the hibernation until April. Pregnancy lasts up to 250 days and cubs appear blind and deaf usually in the middle or end of the Arctic winter (the eyes open in a month).

Despite the impressive dimensions of the adult individual, the only appeared on the light of the kids along the length of a slight rat more, and their mass is from 450 to 750 grams. When the bearings are performed about three months, and they gain weight, begin to gradually leave the Berlogue together with the Bear, gradually moving towards a stray lifestyle. The cubs live with her mother for three years, and until the age of one and a half years she feeds them with milk, while simultaneously feeding with seals with fat. Mortality among kids is quite high and ranges from 10 to 30%.

Life animal in the modern world

White bears are listed in the Red Book of IUCN: despite the fact that their number is considered a stable and even growing, slow reproduction of white predators, poaching (about 200 animals kill every year) and the big mortality among the cubs make a population easily vulnerable, and in some places they disappeared at all.

IN lately In Russia, a sharp decrease in the population was recorded: animals living in the area of \u200b\u200bYakutia and Chukotka, in some areas all sections disappeared. The life expectancy of these predators in nature is about 25 years, whereas in captivity they are able to live to forty-five.

In addition to poachers, global warming affects the life of white bears: Over the past century, the temperature indicators in the Arctic rose to five degrees Celsius, which is constantly reduced by the area of \u200b\u200bglaciers, in which these animals live and live. This directly affects the population of seals, which are their main food that allows you to accumulate the necessary fat reserves.

During the melting, the ice becomes unstable as a result of which the bears are forced to go on the coast, where food is not enough for them, and they are significantly losing weight that negatively affects future bearish.

Another important problem is oil, which is in considerable quantities in sea water Around drill steels. While a lot of wool protects the bears from damp and cold, if it turns out to be fan with oil, loses the ability to hold the air, which disappears an insulating effect.

As a result, the animal cools faster, and the black skin of a polar bear risks overheat. If the predator is also lucked up like this water or simply misgens with wool, it will lead to the defeat and other diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

Brown bear, short description While we consider in this article, is the characteristic inhabitant of Taiga Type forests. It can be found almost throughout Russia, especially in Siberia and in the Far East. It is found in conifer, in deciduous, and even in mixed areas different countries, including Central Asia and the Caucasus. So, Meet: the owner of the Taiga Russian - brown bear!

Short description of type

Brown or ordinary bear - This is a predatory mammal representing a family of bearish. Currently, the brown bear is the largest terrestrial predator in the world. The duration of his life in nature is calculated 30 years. In captivity, a predator can live up to 50 years. Linguists believe that the name of this beast is composed of two words - "Vedant" and "Honey". And this is understandable: despite its belonging to predators, the bear is a big fan of sweet honey and in general

Food

The diet of closures on ¾ consists of vegetable food. These are various berries, nuts, acorns, rhizomes and tubers of plants. Sometimes these predators eat even grass. In the lack of town years, brown bears, like foxes, begged on oats sowing in the stage of their dairy ripeness and animals feed various insects, reptiles, amphibians, minor rodents, fish and, of course, large ungulates. For example, the Kosolapoma Giant is worth one of the blow of its powerful clawed paw to nourish the adult major elk!

Brief description of subspecies

The numerical difference between brown bears is so great that once these animals were classified for independent views. Currently, all the brown bears are combined into one single appearance that combines several subspecies or geographic races. So, the brown bears include:

• ordinary (Eurasian or European);
• california;
• siberian;
• satin;
• gobiy;
• grizzly or Mexican;
• tianzhansky;
• ussuri or Japanese;
• kodiak;
• tibetan.

Giant heavyweights

As you already understood, a brown bear, the description of which we give in this article, is the most common type of closure worldwide. Although it is called Burym, it is not always painted in this color. In nature, you can meet both black, and beige, and yellow, and even fiery-red bears. But we'll talk about the color of their wool a little later. Now we are interested in their size.

The dimensions of these animals differ depending on their gender, age and habitat. But males in any case larger females and weigh by 30% more. Most brown bears have a height in the withers ranging from 75 to 160 centimeters. The body length basically ranges from 1.6 to 2.9 meters.

The mass of the brown bear directly depends on the range of its habitat. Some of the largest animals are bears living on the Scandinavian Peninsula and, of course, in our country. Their weight is 350 kilograms. Their American conifers living on as well as inhabiting Canada can sometimes weigh more than 400 pure weight kilograms. The name is grizzly, or gray.

Brown bear, the sizes of which are considered impressive throughout the world, is also found on the territory of Kamchatka and Alaska. There these predators weigh more than 500 kilograms. There are cases of hunting on brown bears, presumably reaching weight in 1 ton! However, for the most part, these shaggy heavyweights do not exceed 350 pure weight kilograms. The maximum fixed weight, for example, Kamchatka Bear was 600 kilograms. Beasts preserved in Europe have small sizes. Their weight does not exceed 90 kilograms.

Appearance

Brown bear, whose size we looked above, has a pronounced barrel-shaped and powerful torso with high withers (height in the shoulders). Hold this torso massive and high paws with a flat clawed sole. The length of the claws of this shaggy giant varies from 8 to 12 centimeters. These animals practically do not have a tail, since its length does not exceed 21 centimeters.

Brown bear head shape - round. It contains small suberpiced eyes and small ears. The muzzle is elongated, and the forehead is high. The owner of the Russian taiga is covered with thick and evenly painted wool. Bears, like their size, has a variable character. It all depends on those or other habitats of these animals. For example, known can have a brown with a silver shade of wool. For this, by the way, they were nicknamed gray.

Spread

As already mentioned earlier, bears are forest residents. We will repeat that the typical places of their habitat, for example, in Russia are solid forest arrays with thick pigs, shrubs and hardwood. Brown bear, a brief description of which we are considering in this article, both in the tundra, and in highland forests. In Europe, he prefers mountain forests, and, for example, in North America, it can be found on the Alpine meadows, in coastal forest arrays.

Once upon a time, these animals inhabited the whole of Europe, including Ireland and the United Kingdom, and in the south of the globe his habitat was reached by African satin mountains. IN eastern direction This kind of shaggy heavyweights was spread through Siberia and China to Japan. Scientists believe that in North America, brown bears came from Asia about 40 thousand years ago. They are confident that these animals were able to independently move through the beerings of the experiencing, settling in the west of America from Alaska to Mexico.

Winter sleep

As is known, the physiological criterion of the brown bear is such that these animals for the winter lie in a hibernation. They do it in October-December. From hibernation, they go out in the spring - in March. In general, winter sleep of these shaggy heavyweights can continue from 2 to 6 months. It all depends on the subspecies of the bear and from external factors. It is curious that in the warmest regions of our planet, under the condition of abundant harvest of fruits, berries and nuts, bears do not sit in Berloga at all.

Preparation for sleep

To its wintering, Kosolapi begin to prepare since the middle of the summer. This is a brown bear! A description of its preparation to sleep, probably known to many people, because there is nothing secret and amazing. For six months before the onset of the cold, they need to find a suitable place for their winter asylum, equip it and, of course, to build up the reserves of subcutaneous fat. Most often, bearish beards are located under the wolfins and tranquits, under the roots of huge and massive trees - cedars or fir trees.

Sometimes these predators tear out "dugouts" directly in the coastal cliffs of rivers. If during this time the bear did not find a secluded place for his winter asylum, he digs a large pit, after which it strengthens its walls with vertically sticking bumps. They are also brown bears bold the front opening, simultaneously disguised and insulated from the outside world for several months. Immediately before bedtime, the beast, who scored a sufficient amount of subcutaneous fat, carefully confuses his traces of staying near the Berloga.

It is worth noting that ground burgots are considered the most thorough and practical bear housing. If a predator is lucky, he will freeze all winter into the ground. Such burgots are placed deep underground and retain closures in heat. Near the entrance to the ground berrylo, you can find various trees and shrubs covered with a yellowish tint. Experienced hunters know that such a color is attached to the hot breath of Kosolapoy.

Slotch

Adult beasts in most cases corrode cold winter days in their berrs one by one. Only a bear can climb in a hibernation with pastry bearings. Scientists who watched the lives of these predators (see a photo of a brown bear and a description of his lifestyle), noticed that in certain areas of the globe, where there are no particular places for wintering places, the bears use the same asylum several times.

In some locations, the burgots can be located in close proximity to each other, it turns out something like a bear "apartment" at home. If, with the choice of "winter apartments", quite tight, some particularly arrogant bears are attempted on foreign housing. For example, an adult male of a brown bear can be expelled from the fabricated burgold of a weaker conifer.

Sleep brown bears, curled up by the village. Their hind legs They pressed to the belly, and the front cover the face. By the way, it was this fact that he gave rise to a lot of Baek and sayings, as if the bears would suck in the winter. This is not quite so. Kosolapy, of course, can from time to time, being in a particular phase of sleep, lick their front paws, but to their sucking it does not have any relationship.

Caution, connecting rod!

Scientists argue that sleep bears can not be called strong. During short-term thaws, these predators can wake up and even leave their winter asylum at the time. At this time, Kosolapi go to winter forest, knead your bones. As soon as it grows again, the shaggy heavyweights are returned to their asylum, noting the traces of their stay outside the berry. However, such habits of a brown bear are still flowers!

It also happens that some bears due to malnutrition in the autumn-winter period cannot score the right weight, find and equip their home. In this case, in Berloga, they do not run at all. It did not have time to accumulate the reserves of subcutaneous fat for comfortable wintering, the beast is simply walking along the snow-covered forest, as if unconscious. The people of such poor people nicknamed "rods". Bear Shatun is a very dangerous and extremely aggressive beast! At this time, it is better not to contact him at all, because the beast is very hungry, incredibly angry and attacks almost everything that moves.

Reproduction

The female of the brown bears bring offspring from 2 to 4 times a year. The pairing period usually falls on May, June and July. At this time, males behave aggressively: they begin to roar loudly, there are serious battles between them, sometimes ending with the death of one of the bears. Pregnancy in females proceeds from 190 to 200 days. At one time they can bring up to 5 cubs with a body weight up to 600 grams and up to 23 centimeters.

Offspring

Young is born blind, with overgrown auditory passages and covered with short rare wool. In two weeks, the bearish begins to hear, and in a month - to see. Already 90 days after birth, they grow all milk teeth, and they begin to eat berries, plants and insects. As a rule, males of brown bears are not engaged in offspring, the upbringing of young people is the prerogative of females. Half Clamps become 3 years old, however, growing up to 10 years.

Brown bear. Red Book

Unfortunately, this one is listed in the Red Book as an animal under threat of disappearance. Currently, in many areas and regions of the globe, the hunt for brown bears is limited or completely prohibited. Nevertheless, no one has canceled poaching. The skin of the skins is mainly used for carpets, and meat - for cooking. Such here he is an important commercial beast - this brown bear! The Red Book, in which this type of major predators was once included, was not currently reissued. It is possible that the data on the number of bears as of this year will change dramatically for the worse.

Bear is considered the largest predator on Earth, this species originated on the planet about 6 million years ago.

All about bears

The length of the predator body depending on the species varies from 1.2 to 3 meters, the weight can reach up to 1 ton, the jaw is very powerful, and the limbs are a bit curved and short.

The Bear Speed \u200b\u200bcan develop up to 50 km / h, with the help of large and sharp claws it is easy to climb on a tree, breaks out the prey, takes out vegetable roots from under the ground.

Most bears swim well.

Life expectancy can reach 45 years. Have a good sense of smell.

The wool of the bear is very tough and thick, the color has various shades from brown to black, white or black and white, with age can appear gray.

The tail from predators is almost impaired, only the panda is clearly expressed.

Varieties and photos of bears

Zoologists allocate eight main types of bears and many varieties:

Brown bear

His external characteristics Make up: a big head, a rather powerful body, small ears and eyes, the tail is almost impaired, the paws are large with large claws.

The color of six depending on the habitat can be brown, gray or even reddish. There are brown bears in North America, Europe, Asia, and on the Scandinavian Peninsula.

Polar bear (white)

It is the largest predator from the Bed Family: Weight can be more than one ton, the body length is about three meters, the head is flashed, the neck is long. Color wool can be pure white or slightly yellowish color.

On the sole of the paw wool is very thick, which allows the bell to walk on ice without slipping.

Comfortably feels in the water, swims well. It dwells in the regions of the northern hemisphere.

Baribal (black)

Unlike brown bear has smaller sizes, the wool color is very black. Long can be more than 2 meters, female 1.5 m.

Extracted muzzle, larengths long, short, gray or brown color. It lives in the territories of Alaska, Canada, Mexico.

Malay Bear

Very small, as a rule, the length of the body is not more than 1.3-1.5 m., Height in the withers about 0.5 m. Corpolation body, wide muzzle, small ears. Paws are high, the feet are long with large claws.

The bear's fur is very tough has a black and brown color, on the chest white-red spot. It can be found in Thailand, China, Indonesia.

Belogruda Bear

Large sizes are no different, the male reaches the length to 1.7 m, and the female is even less. Bear Bear Dark Brown or Black Silky Wool, Also this bear has a very large ears and an acute muzzle.

A distinctive feature of this species is white or slightly with a yellow spot on the chest. These representatives of the family of bearish on the territory of Afghanistan, Iran, and the countries of the Far East are inhabited, as well as in the Himalayan Mountains.

There is still a huge number of subspecies that can be listed and described to infinity with bright representatives of predators of this species can be called such bears like: Point Bear (Tremarctos Ornatus), Bear Gubach (Melursus Ursinus), Bamboo Bear is well known as Panda (Ailuropoda Melanoleuca), and many Others.

Habitat area

The habitat of these in their own graceful representatives of the fauna is very diverse, they are present on all continents. Basically prefer to settle in the forests and lead a secluded lifestyle.

All kinds of bears are tied to their territory on which they hunt and remain on the wintering, the exception of this rule is only a polar bear.

Menu for predator

The bears use absolutely everything in food, it can be berries and mushrooms, nuts and a variety of roots, all kinds of meat and fish, animal delicacy can serve ants, larvae and honey bees, there are among bears and vegans, these are pandas and koalas.

Among the whole manifold, bears, pure predators are again white bears, in the diet of which only fish and meat come.

As an animal bear appears

Pairing bears occurs during the marriage season (for each of the species is a different period). Also, depending on the belonging to this or that type, the gestation period is varied and lasts from 180 to 250 days.

Births occur during wintering when the animal falls into the hibernation. Given the female 1-4 cubs, weighing from 450 grams to half a kilogram, they have no teeth or wool.

Freshing milk lasts about a year, and the cube from the previous litter (Pestuna) helps the mother in the upbringing of kids before reaching the two-year-old age.

The sex maturity of the bears occurs after three years at least.

In order for the bear to feel most comfortable, spacious enclosures are created, and is created as close as possible to the natural habitat.

In addition to trees, stones and various wooden structures, such an aviary must be equipped with a fairly large pool.

The diet should be respected according to the season and include all those elements that animals are obtained in a natural habitat.

Photo of Medveda