Global problems of modernity. Presentation - Global problems of modernity Download presentation Global problems of modernity

Objectives:

formation of ideas about global issues,
hypothesis, forecasts and projects of their permission;
Acquisition of skill, discussion, formation of skills
Discuss, draw conclusions, defend your point of view.
Environmental education of students;
Acquisition of skill work with additional
Material, ability to choose the required material, skill
Work with statistical material.

Global problems Modern
This is a combination of societies
problems that depend on
Social progress of mankind and
Conservation of civilization. These problems
characterized by dynamism arise as
Objective factor in the development of society and for
its decision requires the combined
The efforts of all mankind. Global
problems are interrelated, covered all
Parties to people's lives and concern all countries
World.

Globalization

The process of world economic, political and
cultural integration and unification. The main consequence of this is
global division of labor, migration (and, as a rule, concentration) across
the entire planet capital, human and production
resources, standardization of legislation, economic and technological
processes, as well as rapprochement and fusion of cultures different countries.
This is an objective process that is systemic, that is,
covers all spheres of society. As a result of globalization, the world becomes
more connected and more dependent on all its subjects

The problem of preserving the world

Nuclear weapon

Thanks to tireless efforts, the world community has reached
a significant number of multilateral agreements aimed at
Reducing nuclear arsenals, prohibiting their placement in
certain regions of the world and natural environments (such as cosmic
space and bottom of the oceans), restriction of its distribution and
Termination of its tests. Despite these achievements, nuclear weapons and
Its distribution remains the main threat to the world and the main problem.
international community.

Local conflicts

Local war - Military actions between two and
More States limited to political goals
Inters of participating in the hostilities of states, and
on the territory - a small geographic region as
The rule in the borders of one of
opposing Parties

International terrorism

Terrorism in modern times also acquires the character of a global problem.
Especially in the presence of deadly deaths or weapons,
able to destroy a huge amount of innocent people.
Terrorism is a phenomenon, a crime form, directed directly
against a person threatening his life and due to this seeking to achieve his
goals. Terrorism is absolutely invalid from the point of view of humanism, and from the point
Vision of law is the greatest crime.

Problem to overcome backwardness and upgrades

The main way to overcome the backwardness of developing countries -
Conducting indigenous transformations in all spheres of their lives. If a
This problem will not be solved, then the continuing situation in
developing countries threatens socio-economic
shocks of global scale and cause exacerbation of others
Global problems.

Food problem

Food production geography
Coincides with the geography of its consumption. Most
Reliable way to solve this problem lies through
growth in food production in the most
starving countries of Asia, Africa, Latin
America.

Energo-raw material problem

Fuel mining
continuously increases
What in the future can
lead to serious
Global
Energy crisis.
Mankind must
reorient on
other energy resources
First of all on huge
Hydroresours of the Earth.

Ecological problems

They can lead to a world environmental catastrophe. On our
Eyes ends Era extensive capacity to use
Biospheres: almost no undeveloped lands (except
territories of Russia), systematically increases the desert area,
Forest area are reduced - light planets, climate change
(global warming, greenhouse effect) increases
Carbon dioxide and decreases - oxygen, the ozone layer is destroyed.

The destruction of the ozone layer

Although humanity has taken measures to limit chlorine emissions of bromine-containing freons by transition to other substances, for example
Fluorine-containing freons, the process of recovery of the ozone layer will take
A few decades. First of all, this is due to a huge amount
Already accumulated in the atmosphere of freon, which have the lifetime of dozens
And even hundreds of years.

Pollution of the World Ocean

Oil and petroleum products are the most common pollutants.
Substances in the World Ocean. By the beginning of the 80s in the ocean, about 6 were reported annually
million tons of oil, which was 0.23% of global production.
Many countries that have access to the sea produce marine disposal of various
materials and substances, in particular soil, taken out at dredging,
Drilling slag, waste industry, building garbage, solid waste,
Explosives I. chemical substances, radioactive waste. The volume of burials
amounted to about 10% of the entire mass of pollutants entering the world
ocean.

Changing of the climate

Climate change changes the image of our planet.
The fads of the weather are no longer unusual, it is
becomes the norm. Ice on our planet melts and it changes
everything. The seas will rise, cities can be flooded and
Millions of people may die. No coastal
The area will not run away from terrible consequences.

Air pollution, water, soil

Pollution is a negative process
modifications ambient - air,
Waters, soil - by its intoxication by substances,
who threaten the lives of living organisms.

Kyoto Protocol

International Document adopted in Kyoto (Japan) in December 1997
Addition to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). It
obliges developed countries and countries with economies in transition to reduce or
Stabilize greenhouse gas emissions in 2008-2012 compared with 1990
year. The period of signing the protocol opened on March 16, 1998 and ended 15
March 1999.
The protocol was ratified by 181 countries of the world (these countries are cumulatively
There are more than 61% of global emissions). Noticeable exception to
This list is US. The first period of the implementation of the protocol began 1
January 2008 and will last five years until December 31, 2012, after which, as
It is expected to replace him a new agreement will come.

Technogenic catastrophes

In the twentieth century, a man rose into the air, stepped into space, subdued
yourself atom's energy.
But the age of the celebration of human genius brought and the new kind disasters -
Technogenic catastrophes that have taken thousands of lives. This is the case
When the fruits of technical progress treated their creator -
man who is too self-confident
And it was frivolously referred to his creations.

Demographic problem

Demographic problem
contradictory, has the opposite
Character for different countries: in China overcrowding, in Russia - depopulation.
Together with social development this
The problem should find its
resolution naturally - will
stabilization in this
relation.
However, states facing
now with a demographic problem
Forced to apply the appropriate
measures. It is important that they do not wear
violent character and did not violate
personality sovereignty family life.

Low fertility

Zero increase in the population in Western Europe
leads to a sharp aging of the population in developed countries,
including deterioration of the balance between working and
pensioners, etc.

Planet population growth

demographic "Explosion" characterized by a sharp increase
population in Asian countries, Africa, Latin America, beginning with
60s leads to a sharp exacerbation of socio-economic
Problems in developing countries, including hunger and illiteracy
tens of millions of people.

International organizations

The international organization is considered a permanent association that
Created on the basis of an international agreement. His goal is
Assistance to solving those problems that are negotiated in the Agreement.
International organizations are an interstate nature - existing
At the level of government governments, and non-governmental nature. Also
There are international organizations of the World and Regional Character.
There are still classifications by the nature of the activity, by the nature of the authority,
Circle of participants, international clubs, etc.

United Nations (UN)

Interstate organization established in 1945. The purpose of the organization to maintain peace between states, the strengthening of peace, development and
safety international relations, International development
Cooperation B. different areas. The UN compose six main
authorities (General Assembly, Security Council, Economic and
Social Council, Secretariat, International Court of Obeka).

There are many
Various structural
UN units I.
various organizations,
working under the auspices of the UN
in different areas
international activities.
Most Headquarters
Basic units
UN is located in New York
(USA), but there are branches in
different parts of the world. For 2007.
UN year has numbered 192
Member States. Is an
The largest international
organization.

World Trade Organization (WTO)

It is the organization of global importance. Founded in 1995.
The goal is to streamline the rules international Trade. On the
2008 in the WTO consisted of 153 member countries. Headquarters
Located in Geneva (Switzerland). WTO created on the basis of Gatt
(General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade). According to the Charter, the WTO
Can only resolve trade and economic issues.

European Union (EU)

Organization European statescreated in 1993 on the basis of three
organizations, two of which are included in it and now - UES (European
The Economic Community is now the European Community), EOOS (European
Combining coal and steel - ceased existence in 2002), Eurat
(European nuclear power community). This is a unique organization,
which is something mean between international Organization and
state. Has a common market, common monetary system etc. Sphere
Activities concerns many areas - economics, politics, currency, market
Labor, etc. For 2007, the EU included 27 states.

Non-aligned movement

Movement combining countries
Proclaimed the basis of their
Foreign policy non-participation in warpolytic blocks and groupings.

Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE)

He has existed since 1975. Is the largest regional
The organization of the world that is engaged in security issues. Purpose Preventing and resolving conflicts in the region, liquidation
Consequences of conflicts. For 2008, the OSCE united 56
states that are not only in Europe, but also in the central
Asia I. North America.

Big eight

International Club, uniting governments
Great Britain, Germany, Italy, Canada, Russia, USA, France and Japan. Same
referred to both the informal forum of the leaders of these countries (with the participation of the European Commission), in
which is coordinated by approaches to current international
Problems.
Meetings of Heads of State and Government of the G8 countries pass annually
(Usually - in the summer) in the next country-chairman. In meetings, participate in addition to chapters
states and governments of member countries, 2 representatives European Union, namely -
Chairman of the European Commission and the head of the country chairing this
Moment in the EU.

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

the UN Special Agency, established by the 185th states. Designed to regulate
Currency credit relations of Member States and assistance to them in a deficit of payment
Balance by providing short and medium-term loans in foreign currency. The foundation has
status specialized Institution UN. It serves as an institutional framework of the world
currency system.
The IMF was created on December 27, 1945 after signing by the 28th states of the Agreement,
Developed at the UN Conference on Monetary and Financial Issues in Bretton Woods July 22
1944. In 1947, the Foundation began its activities.
The headquarters of the IMF is located in Washington.

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)

international Intergovernmental Organization for Development
International cooperation in the field of peaceful use of atomic
Energy.
The most important activity of the IAEA - provision
Non-proliferation of nuclear weapons. Under the non-proliferation contract
Nuclear weapons (NPT) on the IAEA assigned to check
obligations of its participants.

Organization of oil exporters (OPEC).

Organization of the intergovernmental level created in
1960 on the initiative of Venezuela. Objective - control
global oil policy, stabilization of oil prices.
OPEC establishes restrictions on production volumes
Oil. Headquarters is located in Vienna (Austria). For 2009.
The year in OPEC was 12 countries.

North Atlantic Block (NATO)

Is the International Military Union
Directions. Created in 1949 on the initiative
USA. The main goal is the safety and freedom of all
member countries in accordance with the principles of the UN, as in
North America and in Europe. To achieve their own
NATO's goals uses military potential and
political influence. Headquarters is in
Brussels (Belgium). In 2009, NATO was part
28 states.

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Global pellets of humanity

By the middle of the 20th century, the society first realized that the existence of humanity and human life as a biological species of extremely fragile and vulnerable.

Global problems: - Threatens the most existence of a person in the future - affect the interests of all mankind in general - can be solved only by collective actions of all nations - require urgent action

Global problems B. early XXI century: spiritual crisis of the threat of world war using weapons mass lesion Depletion natural resources planets uneven socio-economic development of countries and regions massive diseases growth of terrorism deepening the ecological crisis demographic problem

3. human spiritual imperfection 2. inconsistency historical Development Cultures and civilization 4. Objective natural processes occurring on Earth 1. Objective natural processes occurring in space General reasons for global problems

The spiritual transformation of humanity, the development of the new planetary-space thinking and humanistic worldview, focused on universal values, moral, environmental and cultural priorities

The spiritual crisis is manifested in the destruction of the spiritual foundations of the individual and the growing of many devastating social phenomena: loss of the meaning of life and ethical benchmarks Drunkenness and addiction The desire of many people exclusively to material enrichment and sensual pleasures crime and violence mass stresses and mental diseases Social egoism and intolerance, etc.

Measures to overcome the spiritual crisis 1. Appeal to the inner world of man and its spiritual principles 2. Distribution of spiritual teachings 3. Education and science 4. High art

Massive diseases Cardiology diseases (heart-seeking diseases) Oncological diseases Infectious diseases Mental diseases

Causes of growth in diseases Incorrect lifestyle and nutrition Pollution Environmental Stress and inability to control and manage neuroperial body reactions Sexual deviations

Ways to solve the problem of growth of diseases Popularization healthy image life proper nutrition, balanced physical and mental activity, systems of natural prevention and improvement Development of new special methods of medical care: Vaccines against AIDS, cardiovelimulants, etc.

The threat of world war with the use of weapons of mass defeat war with the use of weapons of mass lesion equalizes winners and defeated. High radiation, poisoning of the environment, "Nuclear Winter" will put everyone in the same conditions - on the line of life and death.

The exhaustion of the natural resources of the Earth in the 20th century, humanity first realized the threat of exhaustion of natural resources of the Earth - oil, coal, reserves of clean water, forest and fertile arrays, fish, etc. If the use of raw materials will increase, society in the XXI century. may face full exhaustion of resource reserves

Environmental crisis Environmental crisis is a negative impact of human activity in nature. The consequences are manifested in Earth poisoning, water and air industrial waste, in the destruction of the ozone layer of the planet and sustainable environmental systems.

Solutions of the Environmental Problem: 1. Changing the attitude of people to the environment 2. Construction of wastewater treatment facilities 3. Replacing thermal power plants and internal combustion engine on an environmentally friendly safe analogues 4. Reducing carbon dioxide emissions and freon into the atmosphere

Demographic problem The essence of the demographic problem is the extremely high rates of population growth in some countries and regions of the planet (China, India, south America). The total population of the globe is rapidly increasing.

Demographic processes of modernity: demographic explosion; Multidirectional demographic processes different regions peace; the threat of depopulation of some nations; aging of the population of some countries; Increasing the proportion of poor population.

Ways of solving a demographic problem (loss of the population) 1. Conservation and strengthening of physical, mental and spiritual health of the nation 2. The preservation and restoration of natural systems: the formation and consistent implementation of a unified state policy in the field of environmental protection and the rational use of natural resources 3 . Ensuring state support for family, motherhood and childhood 4. Recreation of conditions for education physically and morally healthy generation 5. Creating conditions for implementation creative potential Young people 6. Recreation of a system of career guidance and professional training 7. Ensuring care for benchesters and orphans

Ways to solve the demographic problem (overpopulation) Birth restriction (the introduction of "family planning" programs): - Legislative increase in the age of marriage - explain the advantages of adolescent family-sanitary education - consulting on family planning issues - incentive administrative measures Colonization that is the settlement of empty lands

The problem of terrorism and violence Terrorism is illegal public actions aimed at reducing the population for the achievement of political goals

Terms of solving global problems Social and political integration The international cooperation Development of Science Development of the economy Development of new, ethically, environmentally friendly and culturally oriented worldview

Prepared: Sokolova V. A. Group number 12211

Preview:

Main questions:

1. The crisis of nature relations is an environmental problem (exhaustability of natural resources, irreversible changes in the habitat).
2. Economic crisis - overcoming the backwardness of developing countries (it is necessary to contribute to a reduction in gap in the level economic Development Between the developed countries of the West and the developing countries of the Third World).
3. Political crisis (destructive development of many conflicts, ethnic and racial conflicts as an expression of uncontrollability of social processes; the task of mankind is to prevent the threat of world war and the struggle with international terrorism).
4. Crisis of human survival conditions (exhaustion of food resources, energy, drinking water, clean air, reserves min. substances).
5. The demographic crisis is the problem of population (uneven and uncontrollable growth of the population in developing countries; the stabilization of the demographic situation on the planet is required).
6. The threat of thermo nuclear war (Arms race, contamination caused by tests of nuclear weapons, genetic consequences of these tests, uncontrollable development of nuclear technologies, the possibility of thermalide terrorism in the interstate level).
7. The problem of health care, preventing the spread of AIDS, drug addiction.
8. The crisis of human spirituality (ideological breaking, loss of moral values, dependence on alcohol and drugs). In the last decade, the revival of cultural and moral values \u200b\u200bbecomes.

1 Slide

Topic of the lesson: Global problems Presentation prepared: Meshcheryakova E.V. MBOU Vosh №3 G. Lipetsk

2 Slide

3 Slide

Plan 1. The concept of "global problems" 2. Causes of global problems 3. Ecological problems 4. Nuclear threat 5. Demographic problem 6. Energy problem 7. What is waiting for humanity in the future?

4 Slide

Global problems of humanity are problems related to all mankind. No state is able to cope with these problems.

5 Slide

Causes of global problems 1. Huge scales of human activity that radically changed nature, society, lifestyle of people. 2. The inability of humanity is rationally disposal to manage the mighty force of progress.

6 Slide

Features are worn by a planetary nature threaten the death of all mankind require the collective efforts of the world community

7 Slide

Classification of global problems Political environmental social economic economic emergence of local conflicts "Greenhouse Effect" demographic situation Food problem Danger of nuclear war Pollution of the atmosphere and waters of the World Ocean Contradictions between the "North" and "South" Economic crises Differences political Systems Ozone Hole Terrorism Resource Exhaustion

8 Slide

Environmental problems thinning the ozone layer and an increase in the influx of ultraviolet radiation. Pollution of the atmosphere of carbon dioxide and other human activity. Soil erosion, salinization and fearing. Condition of forest arrays especially in equatorial areas. Pollution of the hydrosphere (waters of the World Ocean)

9 Slide

Nuclear threat for the last 5,5 thousand. Years occurred 14,500 wars in which 4 billion people died. Nuclear threat to humanity emerged in the middle of the twentieth century. During these years, the USA and the USSR unfolded the race nuclear weapons, balancing on the verge of war. Such a danger diminished, but did not completely disappear, because At the beginning of the XXI century, there was a choice of nuclear weapons. There are several groups of potential sources of challenges and threats: - officially recognized nuclear states (USA, Russia, France, United Kingdom and China); - unrecognized nuclear states, openly declared the presence of nuclear weapons (India and Pakistan); - states possessing nuclear weapons, but not officially recognized (Israel); - states without nuclear status, but having motivated to possess nuclear weapons and necessary scientific and technological potential (DPRK, Iran); .

10 Slide

Demographic problem at the end of the XVIII century. The English priest Malthus advanced the theory (Malthusianism). According to this theory, the welfare of workers under capitalism is determined by the "natural law of population", which is determined by the fact that the population of the world is growing in geometric progression, and production growth is only in arithmetic. The number of earthlings have already exceeded 7 billion. The increase in the population is in the third world countries (India, China, Brazil, Mexico, etc.)

11 Slide

Demographic problem Demography registers a decline in the indigenous population in developed countries of the West due to a sharp reduction in fertility. Fertility in Europe decreased to 1.34 children's mark on a woman. The birth rate necessary for simple reproduction of the population is $ 2.1 on a woman. In the press, you can read such forecasts: "Europe disappears as a socio-cultural organism, by 2050 it will decrease by 100 million people" (excluding immigration - by 120 million). " All countries of the West are trying to fill the decline in the birth rate of the replacement migration - "import of people." The European record keeps Switzerland, where every fifth resident is a foreigner. In Germany, 10 million Turks live in Germany, but according to the calculations of UN demographers, by 2050 the country's population will decrease from 82 to 58.8 million people.

12 Slide

Energy problem The history of civilization is the history of the invention of all new and new methods of energy conversion. The first jump in the growth of energy consumption occurred when a person learned to extract the fire and use it for cooking and heating his dwellings. Sources of energy during this period firewood served and muscular power. The next important stage is associated with the invention of the wheel, the creation of a variety of labor instruments, the development of blacksmithing production. By the XV century, a medieval person using working cattle, water and wind energy, firewood and a small amount of coal, has already consumed about 10 times more than a primitive person. IN modern society I use atomic energy, Gas, oil. Today, thousands of oil, gas and other minerals increase every year. According to scientists, with the current rates of development of minerals, only a hundred years will have enough.

13 Slide

Ways to resolve global problems solving problems is an urgent task for all mankind. The following ways to solve the global problems of modernity are allocated: 1. Proceeding the armament race, prohibit the creation and application of weapons of weapons of mass destruction, human and material resources, liquidation of nuclear weapons, etc.; 2. Economic use of natural resources and reducing pollution by waste material production of soil, water and air; 3. Subscribe to the growth rate of population in developing countries and overcoming the demographic crisis in developed capitalist countries; 4. To solve food problems, it is necessary to use biotechnology, new high-yielding varieties, further development Mechanization, chemicalization and reclamation.

14 Slide

Conclusion - global problems are a challenge to human mind. It is impossible to get away from them. They can only be overcome by the efforts of all countries by cooperation. - Everyone must realize that mankind on the verge of death, and we will survive or not depends on each of us.

Slide 1.

Global problems of modernity
- problems affecting all people on earth

Slide 2.

Ecological problems
"The Civilization Road is paved by canning banks" (Alberto Moravia, Writer)
1. Putting the atmosphere of harmful gases (the problem of large cities)
2.Thekhenogenic catastrophes as a result of the activities of people: - accidents on gas stations - oil spills - explosions in warehouses with chemicals, etc.

Slide 3.

3. The invasion of nature has the following negative consequences: - Droughts - landslides - floods - global warming - soil depletion

Slide 4.

Waste - substances (or mixtures of substances) recognized as unsuitable for further use within the framework of existing technologies, or after the domestic use of products. The number of waste produced by people is growing in geometric progression.
Waste

Slide 5.

Slide 6.

Humanity has long cut down the forest, while falling down the land at the forest for agriculture and simply for the production of firewood. Later, a person has a need for the creation of infrastructure (cities, roads) and mining, which sprinkled the deforestation process of territories. However, the main reason for the cutting of forest is to increase the need for food, that is, the area of \u200b\u200bgrazing of cattle and sowing of crops, both permanent and interchangeable.
Deforestation

Slide 7.

Rapid growth of the population of the Earth. Reduction and shortage of natural resources
We are already almost 7 billion people!
The real threat to the exhaustion of many of the most important types of raw materials (oil, gas) may arise resource hunger 2. The lack of drinking water is one of the most dangerous problems.

Slide 8.

Growth of the number of land

Slide 9.

Scientists have proven that the biosphere of the Earth can contain only 1 billion people. Every day the number of land increases by 200,000 people, which leads to an increase in the use of resources and exacerbates the problem of employment, providing housing, food products. Circle closes: the amount of waste, environmental pollution, deforestation increases. Lack of jobs breeds poverty and development harmful habits.
The law of hyperbolic growth in the population of the earth

Slide 10.

International Security
6, August 9, 1945. Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Weapons of mass destruction

Slide 11.

Nuclear weapons are a danger to all mankind. Large states who own nuclear weapons are forced to confirm their strength, increasing its number, although the explosion of even one bombing instantly destroys hundreds of thousands of people, and pollutes the huge territory of radioactive emissions, making it unsuitable for life, changes the human genome, providing mutations and deformities in newborns Children after decades after the explosion, which can lead to the degeneration of mankind.
Nuclear weapon

Slide 12.

Terrorism (lat. Terror - fear, horror), is aimed at mass destruction The civilian population creates the atmosphere of fear in society.
Terrorism

Slide 13.

Poverty in the modern world
Millions of Asia and Africa people exist on the verge of survival

Slide 14.

Poverty is a fundamental global problem facing the world community. It has a detrimental effect on the economy, social relations, politics, culture. Poverty, backwardness is characteristic primarily for the Third World, but this does not make the problem less relevant in relation to highly developed states. The inability of the majority poorest countries To escape from poverty by own forces made the problem of poverty universal.
Poverty communication is fixed with other global threats and risks - illegal migration, international terrorism, growth of transnational crime. Nishchenskoe existence, antisanitarian, chronic diseases are dangerous for residents of rich countries (HIV, Ebola fever, atypical pneumonia and other pandemics).

Slide 15.

Drugs cause physical and psychological addiction. An insurmountable attraction is associated with mental (psychological), and sometimes physical (physiological) dependence on drugs. Physical dependence means painful, and even painful sensations, a painful condition for a break in constant drug reception (t. N. Abstineen syndrome, breaking). From these sensations temporarily eliminates the renewal of drug acceptance.
Addiction

"Venture Philanthropy" - 5. Difference from traditional philanthropy. 15. 9. Objectives of Venture Philanthropy. 12. How is Venture Philanthropy related to the concept of risk? [Email Protected] 6. Gagarin Foundation - Features. 10. Maria Gagarin "Gagarinsky Fund" on June 29, 2009. 7.

"Economic activity" - economics and economic activities. Resources. Rules, principles of organization of activity. The exchange associates consumption, production, distribution. Microeconomics. The concept of the economy. Nominal GDP - volume at current prices. Consumption. What gives a person economy? Measures of economic activity.

"TEME TECHNOLOGY" - Sectoral Standard STO TV 01-11-99 on water structuring. A positive conclusion was obtained (Bryansk Medical and Diagnostic Center, 1998). 10. Project "Body Water". T-101 body generator. Patent Base of Tehlo Technologies. Non-profit organization Foundation "Technology Telos". Starting from 1987. Works of enterprises of the body on the subject of preparation (structuring) of drinking water.

"Nobel Prize" - Nobel Prize on literature. History of Nobel Prizes. Vargas Lron moved a lot to Russian. Chemistry. 1956. Liu is Dr. Science and Professor of Chinese Literature. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry is awarded for a palladium catalyst. But the premium of the world and declare, and are awarded in Oslo.

"Subject of Sociology" - Social Structure is a steady connection of elements in the social system. Social control is a means of social regulation of people's behavior. Sociologist (Term E. Dürkheim) is based on theoretical provisions. Realistic conflicts are stimulated by the intention to achieve some goal. Social status is a position occupied by an individual in society.

"Cultural heritage" - a historical and cultural heritage in the region of pedagogue training program. Historical and cultural heritage of the Orlovsky Territory. Faculty of Arts I. folk culture Faculty of Russian literature. Interuniversity Department of Historical and Cultural Heritage. The disciplines of the program are designed to prepare a specialist to work as an organizer of local history work in educational institution: Pedagogue additional education, head of children's circles and studios, guide.