Psychiatric diseases symptoms. Mental disorders: a variety of violations of the human psyche. Common mental disorders

Nowadays, mental deviations are found hardly every second. Not always the disease has bright clinical manifestations. Nevertheless, some deviations cannot be neglected. The concept of the norm has a wide range, but inaction, with obvious signs of illness only aggravates the situation.

Mental diseases in adults, children: list and description

Sometimes various ailments have the same symptoms, but in most cases, diseases can be divided and classified. Major mental illness - a list and description of deviations can attract the attention of loved ones, but the final diagnosis can only be established by an experienced psychiatrist. It also prescribes treatment based on symptoms, coupled with clinical studies. The earlier the patient appeals for help, the greater the chances of successful treatment. It is necessary to discard stereotypes, and not be afraid to look truth. Now mental illness is not a sentence, and most of them are successfully treated if the patient will turn to doctors for help. Most often, the patient himself is not aware of his condition, and this mission should take on his loved ones. The list and description of mental illness was created only for familiarization. Perhaps your knowledge will save the life to those who do you dear, or dispel your alarms.

Agorafobia with panic disorder

Agorafobia, in the one, or is thorough about 50% of all disturbing disorders. If initially disorder meant only fear of open space, now the fear of fear was added to this. That is the case, the panic attack overtakes in the situation when there is a high probability to fall, get lost, get lost, etc., and fear will not cope with it. Agoraphobia expresses non-specific symptoms, that is, high heartbeat, sweating can manifest itself with other disorders. All symptoms in agoraphobia are exclusively subjective signs that the patient is experiencing.

Alcohol dementia

Ethyl alcohol with constant use performs toxin, which destroys the brain functions responsible for human behavior and emotions. Unfortunately, only alcohol dementia can be traced, to identify his symptoms, but the treatment will not restore the lost brain functions. You can slow down the alcohol dementia, but not to heal the person completely. Alcoholic alcoholic symptoms include: inexpressible speech, memory loss, loss of sensitivity and lack of logic.

Allhotriophagia

Some are surprised when children, or pregnant women combine incompatible products, or, in general, eat something inedible. Most often, the lack of certain microelements and vitamins in the body is expressed. This is not a disease, and "treated" usually by the reception of the vitamin complex. With allotrimiophagia, people eat that in principle not edible: glass, dirt, hair, iron, and this is a mental disorder, the reasons for which not only in the lack of vitamins. Most often it is a shock, plus avitaminosis, and, as a rule, it is also necessary to approach treatment.

Anorexia

In our time, the mortality rate from anorexia is 20%. The obsessive fear of fatting makes it give up food, up to complete exhaustion. If you recognize the first signs of anorexia, a heavy situation can be avoided and take action on time. The first symptoms of anorexia:

The table setting turns into a ritual, with a calorie calculation, shallow cutting, and folding / dischargeing the food plate. All life and interests focus only on food, calories, and weighing five times a day.

Autism

Autism - what is this disease, and how good is it to be treated? Only half of children with diagnosed autism have established functional disorders of the brain. Children with autism think otherwise than ordinary regions. They understand everything, but cannot express their emotions due to violation of social interaction. Conventional dieties grow and copy the behavior of adults, their gestures, facial expressions and so learn to contact, but with autism, non-verbal communication is impossible. Children with autism do not strive for loneliness, they simply do not know how to make contact themselves. With due attention and special learning, this can be somewhat adjusted.

Delirium tremens

White hotness refers to psychosis, on the background of long-term alcohol. Signs of white hotness are represented by a very wide range of symptoms. Hallucinations are visual, tactile and auditory, nonsense, rapid mood differences from benevolent to aggressive. To date, the brain damage mechanism is not fully studied, as there is no complete cure from this disorder.

Alzheimer's disease

Many species of mental disorders are incurable and Alzheimer's disease among them. The first signs of Alzheimer's disease in men are nonspecific, and it is not immediately striking. After all, all men forget birthdays, important dates, and it does not surprise anyone. With Alzheimer's disease, a short-term memory suffers first, and a person forgets literally today. Aggression appears, irritability, and this is also written off on the manifestation of character, thereby misserving the moment when it was possible to slow down the course of the disease, and prevent too fast dementia.

Pick's disease

Nimanne's disease in children is exclusively hereditary, and is divided into severity into several categories, on mutations in a certain pair chromosome. The classic category "A" is a sentence for a child, and the death is coming to five years. The symptoms of Nimanne Pick's disease are manifested in the first two weeks of the child's life. The absence of appetite, vomiting, turbidity of the cornea of \u200b\u200bthe eye and enlarged internal organs, because of what the belly of the child becomes disproportionately. The defeat of the central nervous system and metabolism leads to death. Categories "B", "C", and "D" are not as dangerous, since the central nervous system is affected not so rapidly, this process can be slowed down.

Bulimia

Bulimia is what disease, and is it necessary to treat it? In fact, Bulimia is not easy mental disorder. A person does not control his feeling of hunger and eats literally everything. At the same time, the feeling of guilt causes the patient to take a mass of laxative, vomit and miracle tools for weight loss. Obsession with its weight is only the top of the iceberg. Bulimia arises due to functional disorders of the central nervous system, with pituitary disorders, with brain tumors, the initial stage of diabetes, and bulimia is only a symptom of these diseases.

Hallucins

The causes of hallucinosis syndrome arise against the background of encephalitis, epilepsy, cranial and brain injuries, hemorrhages or tumors. With a complete clear consciousness in a patient, visual hallucinations may occur, auditory, tactile or olfactory. A person can see the world in a somewhat distorted form, and the faces of the interlocutors can be presented in the form of cartoon characters, or in the form geometric figures. The sharp shape of halucinosis can last up to two weeks, but should not relax if hallucinations passed. Without identifying the causes of hallucinations, and the appropriate treatment, the disease may return.

Dementia

Stuttering is a violation of the temp-rhythmic organization of speech, expressed by spasms of the speech apparatus, as a rule, stuttering occurs in physically and psychologically weak people, too dependent on someone else's opinion. The brain partition is responsible for speech adjacent to the site responsible for emotions. Disorders occurring in one site are inevitably reflected on the other.

gambling addiction

This psychological disorder belongs to the disorder of impulses. Accurate nature has not been studied, however, it is noted that kleptomania is a concomitant disease with other psychopathoid disorders. Sometimes Kleptomania is manifested as a result of pregnancy or in adolescents, with a hormonal transformation of the body. Practice to theft during kleptomania does not have the goal. The patient is looking for only acute sensations from the very fact of making an illegal action.

Cretinism

Types of creatinism are divided into endemic and sporadic. As a rule, sporadic cretinism is caused by the deficiency of thyroid hormones during embryonic development. Endemic cretinism is caused by the lack of iodine and selenium in the diet of the mother, during pregnancy. In the case of cretinism, early treatment is of great importance. If with congenital coolinime, start therapy for 2-4 weeks of the child's life, the degree of its development will not lag behind the level of its peers.

"Culture shock

Cultural shock and its consequences, many are not perceived seriously, however, the condition of a person under cultural shock should cause concerns. Often people face cultural shock when moving to another country. The first time a person is happy, he likes the other food, other songs, but soon he faces the deepest differences in deeper layers. Everything he is used to considering normal and ordinary comes against his worldview in a new country. Depending on the characteristics of the person and motives of the relocation, there are three ways to solve the conflict:

1. Assimilation. Complete adoption of someone else's culture and dissolving in it, sometimes in hypertrophied form. Its culture is implicit, it is criticized and the new is considered more developed and perfect.

2. GETTATION. That is, the creation of its own world inside a foreign country. This is a separate accommodation, and limiting external contacts with the local population.

3. Moderate assimilation. In this case, the individual will retain everything that has been taken from his homeland in his house, but at work and in society is trying to gain other culture and complies with the customs generally accepted in this society.

Persecution mania

The persecution mania is in one word, you can characterize this disorder, as spyware or prosecution. The persecution can develop against schizophrenia, and manifests itself in excessive suspicion. The patient is convinced that it is the object of observation of the special services, and suspects everyone, even their loved ones in espionage. This schizophrenic disorder is difficult to treat, since the patient cannot be convinced that the doctor is not an employee of the special services, but a pill is a medicine.

Misanthropy

The form of a personality disorder, characterized by the hostility towards people, up to hatred. And how to recognize Mizantrophrop? Misanthropa contrasts himself to society, its weaknesses and imperfection. To justify your hatred, the man demonstor often builds his philosophy into a certain cult. A stereotype was created that the Misanthrop was an absolutely closed hermit, but this is not always the case. Misanthrop carefully selects whom to let your personal space and who may be equal to him. In severely uniform, Misanthropa hates all of humanity as a whole and can call for mass murders and wars.

Monomania

Monomania is psychosis expressed in concentration on one thought, with full conservation of reason. In the current psychiatry, the term "Monomania" is considered obsolete, and too common. Currently allocate "Pyromania", "Kleptomania" and so on. Each of these psychosis has its roots, and the treatment is prescribed based on the sharpness of the disorder.

Obsessive states

The syndrome of obsessive states, or obsessive-compulsive disorder is characterized by the inability to get rid of annoying thoughts or actions. As a rule, OCPs suffer from a high level of intelligence, with a large level of social responsibility. Manifests the obsessive state syndrome in endless reflection about unnecessary things. How many cells on the jacket of the companion, how old is a tree, why the bus has round headlights and so on.

The second option of disorder is obsessive actions or rechecking acts. The most common effect is associated with cleanliness and order. The patient is infinitely everything washes, folds and washes again, to exhaustion. Syndrome of undiscovered states is difficult to treat, even when using complex therapy.

Narcissical personality disorder

Signs of narcissistic disorder of personality recognize easy. Proposed to overestimated self-esteem, confident in their own ideality and any criticism is perceived as envy. This is a behavioral disorder of personality, and it is not so harmless as it may seem. Narcissical Persons are confident in their own permissiveness and has the right to something more than everyone else. Without a revelation of conscience, they can destroy other people's dreams and plans, because it doesn't matter for them.

Neurosis

Neuroses of obsessive states is a mental illness or not, and how difficult to diagnose disorder? Most often, the disease is diagnosed on the basis of patient complaints, and psychological testing, MRI and CT brain. Often, neurosis protrude with a symptom of brain tumor, aneurysm or previously suffered infections.

Oligophrenia

The negative twin non-dealement syndrome is called a different cape syndrome. In psychiatry, they never decided to consider it an independent disease or a symptom. Sick syndrome of a negative twin is confident that someone from his loved ones, or he himself was replaced. All negative actions (broke the car, stole a bar in the supermarket), all this is attributed to the twin. Of the possible causes of this syndrome, they call the destruction of the relationship between visual perception and emotional, due to defects of the spindle-shaped gyrus.

Syndrome of irritable intestine

Syndrome of an irritable intestine with constipation is expressed in the bloating of the abdomen, meteorism, and a violation of defecation. The most common cause of CPC is stress. Approximately 2/3 of all women suffering from a woman, and more than half of them suffer from mental disorders. CCR treatment is systemic and includes medicia treatmentaimed at eliminating constipation, meteorism or diarrhea, as well as antidepressants, in order to relieve anxiety or depression.

Chronic fatigue syndrome

Tafophilia is shown in imposing to the cemetery and funeral rituals. The causes of tafophilia are mainly in cultural and aesthetic interest in monuments, to rites and rituals. Some old necropolis look more like museums, and the atmosphere of the cemetery pacifies and reconciles with life. Tafophiles are not interested in dead bodies, or reflections on death, and only cultural and historical interest are manifested. As a rule, Tafophilia does not require treatment if the visit of the cemetery does not develop into obsessive behavior from the OCD.

Anxiety

Anxiety in psychology is an unmotivated fear or fear for insignificant reasons. In person's life there is a "useful anxiety", which is a protective mechanism. Anxiety is the result of the analysis of the situation, and the forecast of the consequences, how real is the danger. In the case of neurotic anxiety, a person cannot explain the causes of his fear.

Trichothylomania

What is trichothyloman, and whether it is a mental disorder? Of course, trichothyloman is referred to a group of OCD and aimed at pulling out its hair. Sometimes hair is broken unconsciously, and the patient can eat personal hair, which leads to the problems of the gastrointestinal tract. As a rule, trichothylomania is a reaction to stress. The patient feels burning in the hair on his head, on his face, body and after twitching, the patient feels peace. Sometimes patients with trichothyloman become the reasons, as they are shy of their appearance, and they are ashamed of their behavior. Recent studies have revealed that patients with trichothyloman have damage in a certain gene. If these studies are confirmed, treatment trichothyloman will be more successful.

Hikicomori.

To fully explore such a phenomenon as Hikicomori is quite difficult. Mostly, Hikicomori deliberately self-reserved from the outside world, and even from members of their family. They do not work, and do not leave the limits of their room, with the exception of acute necessity. Communication with the world they support over the Internet, and can even work remotely, but exclude communication and meetings in real life. Often, Hikicomori suffer from mental disorders of the autistic spectrum, sociophobia, and anxious personality disorder. In countries with undeveloped economy, Hikikomori is practically not found.

Phobia

Phobia in psychiatry is fear, or excessive anxiety. As a rule, phobias refer to mental disorders that do not require clinical studies, and psychocorrection will cope better. The exception is already rooted phobias, which come out from under the control of a person who violates its normal life.

Schizoid disorder of personality

The diagnosis is a schizoid personality disorder is placed on the basis of signs characteristic of this disorder. In case of schizoid disorder, an individual is inherent in an emotional coldness, indifference, unwillingness of socialization and a tendency to solitude.

Such people prefer to contemplate their inner world and cannot be experienced with loved ones, and also indifferent to their own appearance And to how the society reacts.

Schizophrenia

Sometimes parents ask the question: "Encupresses - what it is, and is it a mental disorder?" When enclosure, the child cannot control its own horses. He can "go in large" in his pants, and not even understand what it is. If such a phenomenon is observed more often than once a month, and for at least six months, the child needs a comprehensive examination, including psychiatrist. During the participation of Chad to the pot, parents expect that the child will get used to the first time, and the baby swears when he forgets about it. Then the child arises fear and in front of the pot, and before the defecation, which can be expressed in Enchnoprez from the psyche, and the mass of the gastrointestinal diseases.

Enuresis

As a rule, it takes to five years, and no special treatment is required here. It is only necessary to observe the day of the day, do not drink a lot of fluid overnight, and be sure to empty the bladder before bedtime. Enurperse can also be caused by neurosis against the background of stressful situations, and the psychotracting factors for the child should be excluded.

Great concern causes Enuresis in adolescents and adults. Sometimes in such cases there is an anomaly for the development of the bladder, and, alas, treatment from this does not exist, except the use of the enuresis alarm.

Often, mental disorders perceive as a character of a person and accuse him of which, in fact, he is innocent. The inability to live in society, the ineulsion will be confused under all, and the person turns out to be one on one with his trouble. The list of the most common ailments does not cover even a hundredth of mental disorders, and in each particular case, symptoms and behavior may vary. If you are concerned about the condition of a loved one, you should not let go of a self-shot. If the problem interferes with living, then it needs to be solved with a specialist.

Closed

Inhibition of thinking

Hysterical laughter

Violation of the concentration of attention

Violation of sexual function

Uncontrolled overeating

Failure

Alcohol addiction

Problems with adaptation in society

Conversations with yourself

Reduced performance

Learning difficulties

Feeling of fear

Mental disorder is a wide range of ailments that are characterized by a change in psyche affecting habits, performance, behavior and position in society. In the international classification of diseases, such pathologies have several values. Code on the ICD 10 - F00 - F99.

To cause the emergence of one or another psychological pathology can a wide range of predisposing factors, ranging from cranial injuries and burdened heredity and ending with addiction to harmful habits and poisoning to toxins.

The clinical manifestations of human disorder are very much, besides, they are extremely diverse, which can be concluded that they are individual.

The establishment of the correct diagnosis is a fairly long process, which in addition to laboratory and instrumental diagnostic measures includes the study of the history of life, as well as the analysis of the handwriting and other individual characteristics.

The treatment of one or another mental disorder can be carried out in several ways - from working with the patient of relevant clinicians before applying the recipes of traditional medicine.

Etiology

Personality disorder means the disease of the soul and the state of mental activity, which differs from healthy. The opposite of such a state is mental health inherent in those faces that can quickly adapt in daily changes in life, solve various everyday questions or problems, as well as achieve the tasks and goals. When such abilities are limited or completely lost, you can suspect the presence of a person of one or another pathology from the psyche.

Diseases of such a group are caused by a wide variety and numerous etiological factors. However, it is worth noting that absolutely all of them are predetermined by a violation of the functioning of the brain.

To pathological reasons, against the background of which mental disorders can develop, it is worth attributed:

• the flow of various infectious diseases that can either have to adversely affect the brain, or appear on the background;
• the defeat of other systems, for example, the flow or previously transferred, can cause the development of psychosis and other mental pathologies. Often, they lead to the emergence of one or another disease in the elderly people;
• card and brain injuries;
• brain oncology;
• congenital defects and anomalies.

Among the external etiological factors should be allocated:

• impact on the body of chemical compounds. This should include poisoning toxic substances or poisons, disorderly reception of drugs or harmful food components, as well as abuse of detrimental habits;
• the prolonged effect of stressful situations or nerve overvoltages that can pursue a person both at work and at home;
• incorrect education of the child or frequent conflicts between peers lead to the emergence of a mental disorder in adolescents or children.

Separately, it is worth allocating a burdened heredity - impairment of psyche, no matter how other pathologies are closely related to the presence of similar deviations from relatives. Knowing it, you can prevent the development of one or another disease.

In addition, mental disorders in women may be caused by generic activities.

Classification

There is a division of identity disorders, which grows all diseases of such nature on a predisposing factor and clinical manifestation. This makes it possible to clinicians to diagnose and appoint the most effective therapy.

Thus, the classification of mental disorders includes:

• changing the psyche, which was caused by drinking alcohol or drug use;
• organic mental disorders - caused by a violation of the normal operation of the brain;
• affective pathologies - the main clinical manifestation is a frequent change of mood;
• and schizotypic diseases - such states have specific symptoms to which a sharp change in the nature of the personality and the lack of adequate actions;
• phobias and. Signs of such disorders may arise in relation to the subject, phenomenon or person;
• behavioral syndromes associated with disabling dishes, sleep or sexual relations;
• . Such a violation refers to border mental disorders, since they often arise against the background of intrauterine pathologies, heredity and childbirth;
• violations of psychological development;
• disorders of activity and concentration of attention are the most characteristic mental disorders in children and adolescents. It is expressed in the disobedience and hyperactivity of the child.

The varieties of such pathologies among representatives of the teenage age category are:

• prolonged depressive state;
• and nervous nature;
• drancorecia.

Types of mental disorders in children are presented:

• mental retardation;

The varieties of such deviations in elderly people are:

• marasmus;
• peak disease.

Mental disorders in epilepsy are most common:

• epileptic mood disorder;
• transmitting mental disorders;
• mental seizures.

Perennial dispersion of alcohol-containing beverages leads to the development of the following psychological disorders of the personality:

• brad;
• hallucinations.

Injury to the brain can be a factor in development:

• twilight state;
• delia;
• oneiroid.

The classification of mental disorders arising against the background of somatic ailments includes:

• asthenic negros-like state;
• korsakovsky syndrome;
• dementia.

Malignant neoplasms can cause:

• different hallucinations;
• affective disorders;
• memory disorders.

Types of personality disorder formed due to vascular pathologies of the brain:

• vascular dementia;
• cerebral-vascular psychosis.

Some clinicians believe that Selfie is a mental disorder that is expressed in the inclination very often make their own photos on the phone and lay out them in social networks. A few degrees of gravity of such a violation were compiled:

• episodic - a person is photographed more than three times a day, but does not lay out the obtained pictures for the public;
• medium-heavy - differs from the previous fact that a person lay out photos on social networks;
• chronic - snapshots are carried out throughout the day, and the number of photographs laid out on the Internet exceeds six pieces.

Symptomatics

The appearance of clinical signs of mental disorder is purely individual, nevertheless, all of them can be divided into a violation of mood, mental abilities and behavioral reactions.

The most obvious manifestations of such violations are:

• unprepared mood change or the appearance of hysterical laughter;
• difficulty in the concentration of attention, even when performing the simplest tasks;
• conversations when there is no one;
• hallucinations, auditory, visual or combined nature;
• decline or, on the contrary, increasing the sensitivity to stimuli;
• failures or lack of memory;
• predicament;
• misunderstanding occurring around events;
• reducing performance and adaptation in society;
• depressive condition and apathy;
• feeling of pain and discomfort in various zones of the body, which in fact may not be;
• the emergence of unjustified beliefs;
• sudden feeling of fear, etc.;
• alternation of euphoria and dysphoria;
• acceleration or inhibition of the thought process.

Such manifestations are characteristic of psychological disorder in children and adults. However, there are several of the most specific symptoms, depending on the patient's sexuality.

Representatives of weak gender may be observed:

• sleep disorders in the form of insomnia;
• frequent overeating or, on the contrary, rejection of food;
• addiction to the abuse of alcoholic beverages;
• violation of sexual function;
• irritability;
• strongest headaches;
• downtry fears and phobias.

In men, in contrast to women, psyche disorders are diagnosed several times more often. The most common symptoms of one or another violation include:

• non-accuracy of the appearance;
• avoiding hygienic procedures;
• closedness and syradiability;
• accusation of all except for themselves in their own problems;
• sharp change of mood;
• humiliation and insult interlocutors.

Diagnostics

The establishment of the correct diagnosis is a rather long process that requires an integrated approach. First of all, the clinician is necessary:

• examine the history of life and the history of the disease not only the patient, but also its closest relatives - to determine the border mental disorder;
• a detailed patient's survey, which is directed not only to clarify complaints regarding the presence of certain symptoms, but also to evaluate the behavior of the patient.

In addition, the ability of a person to tell or describe its illness is of great importance in the diagnosis.

To identify the pathologies of other organs and systems, the implementation of laboratory studies of blood, urine, cartoons and spinal fluid is shown.

Tool methods should include:

Psychological diagnosis is necessary to identify the nature of changes in individual processes of psyche.

In cases of death, a pathology analytical diagnostic study is carried out. This is necessary to confirm the diagnosis, identify the causes of the emergence of the disease and death of a person.

Treatment

Tactics Therapy of mental disorders will be individually for each patient.

Medical therapy in most cases provides for use:

• sedatives;
• tranquilizers - to relieve anxiety and anxiety;
• neuroleptics - to suppress acute psychosis;
• antidepressants - to combat depression;
• normotimikov - to stabilize the mood;
• nootropov.

In addition, it is widely used:

• autotraining;
• hypnosis;
• suggestion;
• neurolynguistic programming.

All procedures are carried out by a psychiatrist. Good results can be achieved with the help of traditional medicine, but only in cases if they are approved by the attending physician. The list of most effective substances make up:

• poplar bark and gentle root;
• referencing and gold male;
• melissa and Valerian root;
• st. Cava Cava;
• cardamom and ginseng;
• mint and sage;
• carnation and licorice root;

Such treatment of mental disorders should be part of complex therapy.

Prevention

In addition, it is necessary to comply with several simple rules for the prevention of mental disorders:

• completely abandon bad habits;
• take medicines only on the prescription of the clinician and with strict dosage compliance;
• if possible, avoid stress and nerve overvoltages;
• perform all safety rules when working with toxic substances;
• several times a year to pass a complete medical examination, especially to those people, whose relatives have mental disorders.

Only when fulfilling all the above recommendations can be achieved a favorable forecast.

The sickness of the psyche with a naked eye is invisible and therefore very cunning. Mental deviations significantly complicate a man's life when he does not suspect the presence of a problem. Specialists who explore this aspect of an infinite human essence, say that many of us have signs of mental illness, but does it mean that every second resident on the planet should be treated? How do you know that a person is really sick and he needs qualified help?

What is a mental disorder?

The definition of "mental disorder" covers a large range of deviations from the norm of the mental state of people. Internal health disorders, which are discussed, do not need to be taken as a negative manifestation negative side personality of man. Like any physical disease, mental disorder it is a violation of the mechanisms and processes of reality perceptionwhich is why certain difficulties are created. People who have faced data problems are poorly adapted to real living conditions and do not always truly interpret reality.

Signs and symptoms of psyche disorders

The characteristic features of mental deviations include violations of thinking, mood and behavior that go beyond generally accepted cultural beliefs and norms. Most often, general symptoms are characterized by an oppressed mental condition. Moreover, a person loses the ability to fully fulfill the usual social functions. The entire spectrum of signs and symptoms can be divided into a number of groups:

• cognitive - unjustified pathological beliefs, memory disturbances, complications of clear thinking;
• physical - insomnia, pain in different parts of the body;
• behavioral - abuse of active mental drugs, the inability to produce simple self-service actions, unjustified aggression;
• emotional - sudden feeling of fear, sadness, anxiety;
• perceptive - states when a person notices the phenomena that other people do not see (movements of objects, sounds, etc.).

Causes of mental deviations

The aspect of the etiology of these diseases is completely not studied, because modern medicine It cannot accurately determine the mechanisms that cause mental deviations. However, some reasons can be determined, whose relationship with mental disorders is scientifically proven:

• brain diseases;
• stressful states in life;
• medical problems;
• genetic location;
• hereditary reasons;
• difficult circumstances in the family.

In addition, doctors note a number of special cases that are concrete deviations, incidents or states, against which serious mental disorders appear. The reasons for which will be discussed are often happening in everyday lifeAnd therefore lead to a deterioration in human mental health in the most unexpected situations.

Systematic abuse of alcoholic beverages often leads to human psyche disorders. The human body suffering from chronic alcoholism constantly contains a large number of ethyl alcohol decay products that cause serious changes in thinking, behavior and mood. In this regard, there are dangerous impairment of psyche, among which:

• Delirium tremens. Frequent atepatic mental disorder that appears due to deep violations of the exchange processes in all systems and organs of the human body. White hotness is expressed in convulsive seizures and sleep disorders. Most often, the listed phenomena appear 60-80 hours after the use of alcohol. A person has sharp changes in mood, constantly changing fun to worry.
• Psychosis. Sincere disease, which is explained by violation of the exchange processes in the brain. The toxic effect of ethyl alcohol eclipses the consciousness of man, but the consequences appear only a few days after the completion of alcohol consumption. A person captures the mania of persecution or a sense of fear. In addition, he can appear various intrusive ideas that are related to the fact that someone wants to cause moral or physical damage to him.
• Hallucinations - pronounced views brought to pathologically to the level of perception of real objects. A person seems to be the surrounding items and people fall, rotate or shake. The perception of time flow is distorted.
• . A mental illness, which is called nonsense, a person is expressed in manifestation of unshakable conclusions and judgments that do not appropriate reality. In this state, the patient appears a light and a dream. The line between sleep and reality becomes blurred, man confuses one with another.

Injury to the brain

In the injuries of the brain, a whole complex of significant mental illnesses may appear. Due to the damage of the brain, complex processes are launched, which lead to the turbidity of consciousness. After these cases, such psychological diseases often occur:

Somatic diseases

Against the background of somatic violations, the human psyche suffers very seriously. There are violations from which it is almost impossible to get rid of. We present a list of mental illnesses that, with somatic disorders, medicine considers the most common:

• Dementia. A terrible disease that is decoded as acquired by dementia. This psychological disorder is often found in people with age 55-80 years, which have a somatic disease. The diagnosis of "dementia" is made by patients with reduced cognitive functions. Somatic diseases lead to irreversible processes in the brain. Moreover, mental imagination does not suffer.
• Korsakovsky syndrome. The disease, which is a combination of memory violations regarding the events, appearance of false memories and loss of orientation in space. Serious mental illness, not amenable to the treatment of well-known medicine in ways. A man always forgets about the events that only happened, often asks the same questions.
• Asthenic negros-like disease. Deviation of the psyche when a person appears talkative and hyperactivity. A person often flows into short-term depression, it is constantly experiencing phobic disorders. Most often, fears do not change and have clear outlines.

Epilepsy

Almost every person who suffers from epilepsy, mental violations are noted. Disorders appearing against the background of this ailment are permanent (permanent) and single (paroxysmal). The following cases of mental illness described below, in medical practice are most often found:

Malignant neoplasms

The emergence of malignant tumors often leads to changes in the state of the human psyche. With an increase in the neoplasms on the brain, the pressure rises, due to this, significant deviations appear. In this state, a person has melancholy, delusional phenomena, unfortunate fears and many other symptoms. All this indicates the presence of such psychological diseases:

Vascular brain disorders

The pathology of the vessels and the circulatory system is instantly reflected in the state of the human psyche. With the development of diseases that are associated with a decrease or an increase in blood pressure, deviate from the norm of the brain function. Heavy chronic disorders lead to the emergence of very dangerous mental abnormalities, including:

Types of mental violations

Mental disorders in humans may appear regardless of ethnicity, age or floor. Mechanisms for the emergence of mental diseases are not fully understood, because medicine cannot give specific definitions. However, today it is clearly established a link between certain age frameworks and diseases of the psyche. For any age, their most common disorders are characteristic.

In the elderly people

In the elderly age on the background of diseases such as bronchial asthma, renal or heart failure and diabetes Many mental deviations appear. Elder psychological diseases include:

• dementia;
• paranoia;
• peak syndrome;
• marasmus;
• alzheimer's syndrome.

Types of psyche violations in adolescents

Often, spiritual teenage diseases are associated with unfavorable factors in the past. Typically, such mental disorders are noted:

• bulimia nervous;
• prolonged depression;
• drancorecia;
• nervous anorexia.

Mental diseases are not treated independently, because when manifesting any suspicion of impairment of psyche it is necessary to urgently seek help from a psychotherapist.. The patient's conversation with the doctor will be able to help quickly determine the diagnosis and choose the correct treatment scheme. Almost all the diseases of the psyche are healing if you appeal in a timely manner.

Our psyche is pretty thin and complex system. Experts classify it as a form of active mapping by a man of objective reality, which arises in the interaction of an individual with an external world and regulates its behavior and activities. Quite often doctors have to deal with pathological deviations from the normal state they call impairment of psyche. There are many mental disorders, but some of them are more common. Let's talk that it represents a violation of the psyche of a person slightly in more detail, discuss the symptoms, treatment, types and causes of such health problems.

Causes of psyche violations

Disorders of the psyche can be explained by the most different factors, which in general can be divided into exogenous and endogenous. The first is the factors of external influence, for example, the reception of hazardous poisoning substances, viral ailments and traumatic lesions. AND internal reasons represented by chromosomal mutations, hereditary and genital illness, as well as mental development disorders.

The stability of the individual to the impairment of the psyche is determined by both specific physical characteristics, and the general development of the psyche. After all, different subjects react differently to spiritual flour and various kinds of problems.

Typical reasons causing psyche disorders include neurosis, neurasthenia, depressive states, aggressive impact of chemical or toxic elements, as well as traumatic lesions of the head and hereditary factor.

Violation of the psyche - symptoms

There are a number of different symptoms that may be observed in mental disorders. They are most often manifested by psychological discomfort and violations of activities in various fields. In patients with such problems, various symptoms of physical and emotional nature, congressive and perceptual violations may also occur. For example, a person can feel unhappy or ultra-fast irrelevant seriousness of the events that occurred, it can also have failed to build logical relationships.

Classical manifestations of mental disorders consider excessive fatigue, fast and unexpected change of sentiment, not enough adequate response to events, spatial-temporal disorientation. Also, experts face a violation of perception in their patients, they may have an adequate attitude to their own state, there are abnormal reactions (or lack of adequate reactions), fright, confusion of consciousness (sometimes hallucinations). A rather frequent symptom of mental disorders becomes anxiety, problems with sleep, falling asleep with a wake.

Sometimes issues in mental health are accompanied by the emergence of obsessive ideas, persecution and different phobias. Such violations often lead to the development of depressive states that can be interrupted by frantic emotional splashes, as directed to perform some incredible plans.

Many mental violations are accompanied by self-consciousness disorders, which make themselves known to be confused, depostection and derealization. People with such problems often weakens the memory (and sometimes no absent), paramnezia and violation of the thought process is observed.

A frequent satellite of mental disorders is considered nonsense, which can be both primary and sensual, and affective.

Sometimes mental disorders manifest themselves with food intake - overeating, which can cause obesity, or, on the contrary, refusal to food. It is often observed alcohol abuse. Many patients with such issues suffer from violation of sexual functions. They also often look neakkurat and even refuse hygienic procedures.

Types of psyche violations

There are quite a few classifications of psyche disorders. We will consider only one of them. It includes states provoked by different organic brain diseases - injury, strokes and systemic diseases.

Also, the doctors separately consider persistent or drugs.

In addition, the disorders of psychological development can be distinguished (debut in early childhood) and violations of activity, concentrations of attention and hyperkinetic disorders (are usually recorded in children or adolescents).

Violation of the psyche - treatment

Therapy of problems of this kind is carried out under the supervision of the psychotherapist and other narrow specialists, while the doctor takes into account not only the diagnosis, but also the condition of the patient, and other presentation of violations of health.

So quite often, experts use sedatives that have a pronounced soothing effect. Tranquilizers can also be used, they effectively reduce anxiety and remove emotional tensions. More such means lower musculature tone and have a soft impact effect. The most common tranquilizers are chlordiazepoxide, and.

Also mental disorders are treated with neuroleptics. These drugs are considered to be the most sought after such diseases, they are not bad reduced the excitement of the psyche, reduce psychomotor activity, reduce aggressiveness and suppress emotional tensions. Popular products of this group are prepasy, pimozide, as well as Flupenixol.

Antidepressants are used to treat patients with complete depression of thoughts and feelings, with the strongest decline in mood. Such drugs are able to increase the pain threshold, raise the mood, relieve apathy and lethargy, they are not bad normalize sleep and appetite, and also increase the activity of the psyche. Qualified psychotherapists are often used as pyriticol antidepressants and.

Even the treatment of psyche violations can be carried out with the help of normatimics, which are designed to regulate inadequate manifestations of emotions, and have anticonvulsant efficiency. Such medicines are often used in bipolar affective disorder. These include, etc.

Made by safe drugs for the treatment of mental disorders are nootropics, which have a positive effect on congenitive processes, increase memory and increase the stability of the nervous system to the effects of various stresses. Preparations of choice usually become aminal.

In addition, patients with mental violations are corrective psychotherapy. They will benefit hypnotewers, suggestion, sometimes NLP methods. Mastering the methodology of autogenic workout plays an important role, and without supporting Rodney.

Violation of the psyche - national treatment

Specialists of traditional medicine argue that some of the medicines based on herbs and subwoofers may well contribute to the elimination of psyche violations. But they can only be used after agreeing with the doctor.

So medicine of traditional medicine can be an excellent alternative to some sedative medicines. For example, to eliminate the nervous excitement, irritability and insomnia, the characteristics are advised to mix three parts of the crushed Valerian root, the same number of peppermint leaves and four parts of the clover. A table spoon of such raw material makes a glass of only pile water. Insist the medicine for twenty minutes, after strain, and peel vegetable raw materials. Take a ready-made candy on half a glass twice a day and immediately before bedtime.

Also, with irritability of the nervous system, insomnia and nervous excitement, you can mix two parts of valerian roots with three parts of daisy flowers and three parts of cumin seeds. Brew and take such a means by the same scheme as in the previous recipe.

You can cope with insomnia using a simple hinter infusion. A pair of tablespoons of crushed cones of this plant pour half alert cool, pre-boiled water. Insist for five to seven hours, after strain and drink across the tablepooner three times a day.

Anotherly excellent soothing means is a soul man. A pair of tablespoons of such a weed make boiling water half minutes. Insist for half an hour, after expanding and take half a glass of a glass three times a day directly before the meal. Such a medicine perfectly eliminates problems with sleep.

Some folk medicine funds can be used to treat depressive states. So a good effect gives a taking medication based on the root of chicory. Twenty grams of such chopped raw materials brew glass boiling water. Weganize the remedy on the fire of minimal power for ten minutes, after the strain. Take a ready-made decoction on a tablespoon five or six times a day.

If depression is accompanied by the strongest decline, prepare rosemary-based medicine. Twenty grams of crushed leaves of such a plant makewill with one glass of boiling water and tapping on the fire of minimal power for fifteen-twenty minutes. The finished medicine will cool down after strain. Use it to half the teaspoon for half an hour before the meal.

A wonderful effect of depression gives both infusion based on an ordinary dispatch. A couple of tablespoons of such a weed make boiling water half minutes. Insist for half an hour, after express. Take through the day in small portions.

Psyche disorders are quite serious states that require close attention and adequate correction under the supervision of specialists. Application feasibility folk remedies Also worth discussing with the attending physician.

The article presents an overview of the symptoms and syndromes of mental disorders, including the features of their manifestations in children, adolescents, the elderly, men and women. Mentioned by some methods and means used in traditional and alternative medicine for the treatment of such diseases.

Syndromes and signs

Asthenic syndrome

The painful state, called as asthenia, neuropsychic weakness or chronic fatigue syndrome, is manifested by increased fatigue and extractability. Patients have a weakening or complete loss of ability to any long-term physical and mental tension.

The development of asthenic syndrome can lead:

Asthenic syndrome can be observed both at the initial stage of the development of the disease of the internal organs, and occur after the acute disease suffered.

Asthenium often accompanies a chronic disease, being one of its manifestations.

Chronic fatigue syndrome is more often manifested in people with an unbalanced or weak type of higher nervous activity.

The presence of asthenia is indicated by the following signs:

• irritable weakness;
• the predominance of reduced mood;
• sleep disorders;
• intolerance of bright light, noise and sharp odors;
• headaches;
• weather dependence.

Manifestations of neuropsychic weakness are determined by the main disease. For example, atherosclerosis, pronounced memory disorders are observed, with hypertension - painful sensations in the field of heart and headaches.

Oscape

The term "obsession" (obsessive state, obsession) is used to designate the set of symptoms associated with periodically emerging obsessive unwanted thoughts, ideas, ideas.

An individual, which is fixed on such thoughts, as a rule, causing negative emotions or stressful state, is difficult to get rid of them. This syndrome can manifest itself in the form of obsessive fears, thoughts and images, the desire to get rid of which often leads to the fulfillment of special "rituals" - copulsions.

Psychiatre highlighted several distinguishing features of obsessive states:

1. The obsessive thoughts are reproduced by consciousness arbitrarily (against the will of a person), while consciousness remains clear. The patient is trying to fight obsession.
2. The obsessions are alien thinking, the visible relationship of obsessive thoughts and the content of thinking is absent.
3. Outlusion is closely related to emotions, more often than a depressive nature, anxiety.
4. At the intellectual abilities of the obsession are not reflected.
5. The patient aware of the unnaturalness of obsessive thoughts, retains a critical attitude towards them.

Affective syndrome

Symotic syndromes call symptoms of mental disorders, closely related to mood disorders.

Two groups of affective syndromes are distinguished:

1. With the predominance of a manic (elevated) mood
2. With the predominance of depressive (reduced) mood.

In the clinical picture of affective syndromes, a leading role belongs to violations of the emotional sphere - from small mood oscillations to sufficiently pronounced disorders (affects).

In character, all affects are divided into the lunatic, which proceed with the predominance of excitation (delight, joy), and asthenic, flowing with the predominance of braking (longing, fear, sadness, despair).

Affective syndromes are observed in many diseases: with circular psychosis and schizophrenia, they are the only manifestations of the disease, with progressive paralysis, syphilis, brain tumors, vascular psychosis - its initial manifestations.

Affective syndromes are such disorders like depression, dysphoria, euphoria, mania.

Depression is quite common mental disorders that require special attention, because 50% of persons who perform suicidal attempts are there are signs of this mental disorder.

Characteristic features of depression:

• reduced mood;
• pessimistic attitude to reality, negative judgments;
• motor and volitional inhibition;
• depression of instinctive activities (loss of appetite or, on the contrary, a tendency to overeating, reducing sexual attraction);
• concentration of attention on painful experiences and difficulties in its concentration;
• reduced self-esteem.

Dysphoria, or mood disorders, which are characterized by angrily-dust, stress affect with irritability, reaching outbreaks of anger and aggressiveness, are characteristic of psychopaths of excitable type and alcoholics.

Dysphoria is often found in epilepsy and organic CNS diseases.

Euphoria, or a raised mood with a shade of carelessness, content, not accompanied by accelerating associative processes, is found in the atherosclerosis clinic, progressive paralysis, brain injury.

Mania

Psychopathological syndrome, which is characterized by triad symptoms:

• unmotivated high mood,
• acceleration of thinking and speech,
• motor excitation.

There are signs that are not manifested in all cases of manic syndrome:

• strengthening instinctive activities (increase in appetite, sexual attraction, self-defense trends),
• the instability of attention and reassessment of themselves as a person who sometimes achieves the delusional ideas of greatness.

Such a condition may occur during schizophrenia, intoxication, infections, injuries, brain lesions and other diseases.

Senentopathy

The term "senthenetopathy" is determined by a suddenly appearing painful, extremely unpleasant bodily sensation.

This deprived objectiveness occurs in localization site, although there is no objective pathological process in it.

Sentenestopathy are frequent symptoms of mental disorders, as well as structural components of depressive syndrome, hypochondriac, mental automatism syndrome.

Hypochondriac syndrome

Heproyondria (hypochondriatic disorder) is a condition characterized by constant concern due to the possibility of getting sick, complaints, concern for their self-meaning, the perception of ordinary sensations as abnormal, assumptions about the presence, except for the main disease, any additional.

Most often concerns arise about the heart, gastrointestinal tract, genital organs and brain. Pathological reversal of attention can lead to one or another failures in the work of the body.

Some features of the hypochondria are inherent in the development of hypochondria: imperidity, anxiety, depressiveness.

Illusion

Illusions - distorted perceptions in which a real object or phenomenon is not recognized, and another image is perceived instead.

The following varieties of illusions distinguish:

1. Physical, incl. Optical, acoustic
2. Physiological;
3. Affective;
4. Verbal and others.

Metamorphycia (organic), physical and physiological illusions can occur in people whose mental health is no doubt. Patient for optical illusions It can perceive a raincoat hanging on a hanger as a murderer, stains on bed linen seems to him beetles, the belt on the back of the chair - snake.

In the acoustic illusions, the patient in an overheardous conversation distinguishes the threats to its address, the replicas of passers-by perceives as the accusations and insults addressed to it.

Most often illusions are observed in infectious and intoxication diseases, but may occur with other painful states.

The emergence of illusions predispose fear, fatigue, anxiety, exhaustion, as well as distortion of perception due to poor lighting, noise, reduction of hearing and visual acuity.

Hallucination

The image, without an irritant arising in consciousness, is called hallucination. In other words, this is a mistake, the error of the perception of the senses, when a person sees, hears, feels what does not really exist.

The conditions under which hallucinations arise:

The true, functional and other varieties of hallucinations are distinguished. True hallucinations are customary to classify by analyzers: visual, acoustic, tactile, taste, olfactory, somatic, motor, vestibular, complex.

Dead disorders

A nonsense disorder is called a condition for which the presence of nonsense - thinking disorder, accompanied by the emergence of distances from the reality of reasoning, ideas and conclusions.

There are three groups of delusional states combined by a common content:

Catatonic syndromes

Catomiconic syndrome refers to the group of psychopathological syndromes, the main clinical manifestation of which motor disorders are.

The structure of this syndrome is:

1. Cattonic excitation (pathetic, impulsive, silent).
2. Catomonic stupor (cataleptic, negativistic, stupor with a stupor).

Depending on the form of excitation, a moderate or pronounced motor and speech activity may be observed in a patient.

The extreme degree of excitement is chaotic, senseless actions of an aggressive nature, making themselves and surrounding heavy damage.

For the state of the catatonic stupor, the motor inhibition, silence. The patient can be in a casual state for a long time - up to several months.

Diseases in which manifestations of catatonic syndromes are possible: schizophrenia, infectious, organic and other psychosis.

Measurement of consciousness

Twilight disorder (permanent) of consciousness is one of the types of violations of consciousness, which arises suddenly and manifests itself the inability of the patient to navigate in the surrounding world.

It remains unchanged ability to fulfill the usual action, there are speech and motor arousal, affects of fear, malice and longing.

There may be acute nonsense prosecution and predominantly visual hallucinations of a frightening nature. The delusional ideas of persecution and greatness become defining factors for the behavior of a patient who can make devastating, aggressive actions.

For the twilight permanent of consciousness, amnesia is characterized - the complete forgetting the breakdown period. The specified state is observed in epilepsy and organic lesions of the brain hemispheses. Less often occurs during crank-brain injuries and hysteria.

Dementia

The term "dementia" is used to indicate an irreversible discrepancy of mental activities with loss or decreased by the emergence of this state of knowledge, skills and inability to acquire new ones. Demissions arises as a result of transferred diseases.

According to the degree of severity distinguish:

1. Full (total)arising with progressive paralysis, peak disease.
2. Partial dementia (With vascular diseases of the CNS, the consequences of the cranial injury, chronic alcoholism).

With full dementia There are deep disorders of criticism, memory, judgments, unproductiveness of thinking, the disappearance of the individual character traits previously inherent in the patient, as well as a careless mood.

With partial dementia There is a moderate decrease in criticism, memory, judgments. Reduced mood with irritability, tearful, fatigue.

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Symptoms of mental disorder

Among women. Increased risk of mental disorders in the premenstrual period, during and after pregnancy, during the middle-aged and aging. Disorders of food behavior, affective disorders, including postpartum, depressed.

In men. Mental disorders arise more often than women. Traumatic and alcoholic psychosis.

In children. One of the most common disorders - attention deficit syndrome. Symptoms - problems with a long-term concentration of attention, hyperactivity, weakened control over impulses.

In teenagers. Often there are disorders of food behavior. School phobias, hyperactivity syndrome, alarming disorders are observed.

In the elderly. Mental diseases are detected more often than young people and middle-aged people. Symptoms of dementia, depression, psycho-neurotic disorders.

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Treatment and prevention

In the treatment of asthenic syndrome The main efforts are directed to the elimination of the cause leading to the disease. A concrete therapy is carried out, including reception of vitamins and glucose, the right organization of work and recreation, sleep restoration, full nutrition, dosage physical exerciseMedicines are appointed: nootropics, antidepressants, sedatives, anabolic steroids.

Treatment of obsessive states It is carried out by eliminating the causes of traumatic patient, as well as using the impact on the pathophysiological links in the brain.

Therapy of affective states It begins with the establishment of supervision and directions of the patient to a specialist. Depressive patients capable of committing a suicidal attempt are subject to hospitalization.

When prescribing medication therapy, the characteristics of the patient's condition are taken into account. For example, when depressed, which is the phase of circular psychosis, psychotropic drugs are used, and in the presence of anxiety, combined antidepressants and neuroleptic treatment are prescribed.

Acute mental disorder In the form of a manic state is an indication for hospitalization necessary to protect others from the inadequate actions of a sick person. Neuroleptics are used to treat such patients.

Since nonsense is a symptom of brain damage, pharmacotherapy and biological methods of influence are used for its treatment.

For the treatment of hypochondria It is recommended to use psychotherapeutic techniques. In cases where psychotherapy turns out to be unsolved, activities are held to reduce the importance of hypochondriacal concerns. For most cases, hypocritical therapy is excluded.

Folk remedies

The list of funds used by folk healers for the treatment of depression includes:

• flower pollen,
• bananas
• carrot,
• the tincture of ginseng roots and Aralia Manychu
• infusions of Dyagil and a bird's mountaineer,
• brigade of pepper mint sheet,
• baths with infusion of poplar leaves.

The arsenal of the funds of traditional medicine has many advice and recipes that help get rid of sleep disturbances and a number of other symptoms of mental disorders.