What can you eat and drink with sugar. Diet for diabetes mellitus, what can and cannot be eaten? What is the glycemic index

The main treatment for the disease is insulin intake. In addition, diet is important for diabetes mellitus, because it helps to maintain the normal balance of all substances in the patient's body. Based on this, every diabetic must know the basic principles of the diet and try to adhere to it.

There are several types of diets for diabetics. They differ based on what type of disease is, and who is sick: a pregnant woman, a child, an overweight person, and so on. Diet food for a person with type 2 diabetes is very important and key. If the patient, together with the attending physician, does not select a diet appropriate for the disease, then the person's condition will only worsen.

Types of diabetes

There are 2 types of diabetes mellitus:

Insulin-dependent (type 1). Appears as a result of transferred viral diseases against the background of a genetic predisposition to the disease. In the body of people with this type of disease, insulin is produced in a very small amount or not at all. As a result, they need to take insulin in order for the body to function normally. Basically, this type of disease is found in the first years of a person's life, since it is inherited. About 20% of patients have exactly 1 type of disease.
Insulin-independent (type 2). This type of disease occurs mainly as a result of not proper nutrition, overeating, obesity, diseases of the endocrine system. In a patient of this type, the body independently produces insulin, but he has a reduced sensitivity to it. A person with this type of disease may well manage his entire life without the use of additional medications if they follow a diabetes diet developed in conjunction with a doctor. Since the disease is acquired in nature, it develops at the age of about 35 years. Type II diabetes mellitus occurs in 80% of cases.

The cause of this disease in children is the use of sweet and flour products. And for pregnant women, such a disease develops as a result of the changes occurring in the body. For these categories of people, a change in diet and diet is required in order to reduce the content of foods harmful to diabetics in the menu.

For any patient with diabetes mellitus, it is required to create a special diet, which will focus on correcting blood sugar levels, normalizing all body substances, and reducing the load on the kidneys, liver and gastrointestinal tract.

The basis for the creation of an individual diet is dietary table No. 9, in which certain adjustments are made based on the characteristics of the disease.

Diet for insulin-dependent diabetes

The main principles for compiling a diet are: completely eliminate sugar, reduce salt intake, increase protein content, control fat intake, limit the amount of easily digestible carbohydrates, and reduce the amount of foods that have an irritating effect on the gastrointestinal tract.

Eating food should be done in small portions 5 times a day. Instead of sugar, the use of sweeteners is allowed, such as xylitol, sorbitol, saccharin. It is also important to drink a large volume of liquid, at least 2 liters per day. So, a therapeutic diet for type 1 diabetes consists of the following foods:

vegetables: cucumber, beets, zucchini, radish, cabbage, spinach, lettuce, soy;
sour fruits, such as lemon;
soft-boiled eggs;
cereals;
pasta;
drinks: tomato juice, tea with milk;
yeast.

Banned products include:

pork fat;
butter products;
grapes and raisins;
mustard and honey;
chocolate;
salty and spicy dishes.

Diet food for non-insulin dependent diabetes

A therapeutic diet for type 2 diabetes involves, first of all, reducing the calorie content of meals (maximum 1700 kcal), and regulating carbohydrate metabolism. As a result, a decrease in caloric intake lowers the level of glucose in food, which is an important point for diabetics.

The ban includes fatty foods, easily digestible carbohydrates and foods that will increase blood sugar. These include:

sausages and various smoked meats;
fatty fish;
cream, fat sour cream and margarine;
potato;
nuts and dried fruits;
honey and jam;
rich pastries;
everything sweet, including drinks containing sugar;
alcoholic drinks.

To avoid hypoglycemia, it is necessary that the consumed portions of food are small, 5-6 times a day. Allowed to use in any volume of the following products:

tomatoes;
carrot;
cabbage;
turnip.

Diet used at an early stage or when a disease is suspected

If a person begins to suspect that he has diabetes mellitus, then he must immediately visit specialists and undergo all diagnostic tests, according to the results of which the doctor will be able to prescribe the necessary medication and make a diet.

But still, before receiving the test results, it is important to start following the diet. When asked what kind of diet will be prescribed for diabetes, any specialist will answer - the one based on the recommendations of the diet table number 9. This is necessary, no matter what aggravates the situation.

The following foods are allowed during this diet:

meat: lean pork, beef, veal, turkey, boiled rabbit meat;
fish of non-fatty varieties, cooked or as jellied: carp, pike perch, cod, pike;
vegetables in raw, boiled or baked form: potatoes, zucchini, carrots, radishes, beets, cabbage, rutabagas, lettuce;
no more than 2 times a week, vegetable soup is allowed, cooked in non-fatty meat or fish broth, with a small amount of products;
raw fruits or in the form of a compote with a sweetener: apples, oranges, lemon, red currants, cranberries;
salads from permitted vegetables and fruits can be used as appetizers;
fermented milk and dairy products: milk (with the permission of a doctor), kefir (no more than 2 glasses per day), yogurt, cottage cheese (no more than 200 grams per day);
no more than 2 boiled or soft-boiled eggs per day;
dishes using cereals, pasta, legumes;
black bread not more than 350 grams per day;
butter and vegetable oil no more than 40 grams per day;
healthy yeast;
diabetic sweets containing a sweetener;
no more than 5 stans per day of unsweetened drinks: tea, weak coffee, natural juices and rosehip broth;
spices and sauces: dairy and not spicy, made on a vegetable basis with the addition of vinegar and tomato puree.

The following products are prohibited:

any kind of sweets where sugar is present;
bananas, grapes, raisins;
pork and lamb fats;
mustard, pepper;
salty, spicy, spicy, fried and smoked foods;
alcoholic drinks.

Dishes for diabetes for weight loss

Therapeutic diet food is aimed at normalizing blood sugar levels, the ratio of proteins, fats and carbohydrates, as well as to control metabolism. Composed in the right way your diet will help you get all the nutrients you need.

As a result, such diets contribute to imperceptible weight loss, which is important, because most people with diabetes mellitus are obese.

This type 2 diabetes diet recipes, which will be presented below, will be indispensable in achieving positive results in treatment. So, the recipes for some of these dishes.

Diet okroshka. Ingredients:

1 boiled egg;
50 grams of boiled potatoes and carrots;
100 grams of fresh cucumbers;
120 grams of boiled lean beef;
40 grams of mayonnaise or sour cream;
0.5 liters of kvass;
2 grams of salt;
greens to taste.

Cut all ingredients into cubes, season with kvass, salt. Before serving, add mayonnaise or sour cream.

Diet borscht. Ingredients:

120 grams of potatoes;
80 grams of cabbage and beets;
45 grams of peeled tomatoes;
20 grams of celery root, onions;
15 grams of carrots;
20 grams of butter.

Cut potatoes, cabbage, beets, celery root, carrots and cook for 2.5 hours in 350 ml of vegetable broth. Chop the onion and fry in oil, then add finely chopped tomato there, cook for 10 minutes. Add frying and a little flour to the broth, salt and cook for about 5 minutes. Before serving, it is allowed to decorate the dish with herbs and sour cream.

Curd cake with fruits and nuts. Ingredients:

400 grams of cottage cheese;
2 eggs;
90 grams of bran, flour, sweetener, walnuts;
200 mg citric acid;
3 grams of baking soda;
salt to taste.

Purée cottage cheese, add beaten eggs, flour, bran, sweetener, chopped walnuts, citric acid and salt. Mix everything thoroughly. Put the resulting dough in a baking dish, previously sprinkled with flour. Decorate with fruit. Bake in the oven at 220 degrees.

Diet vegetable fritters. Ingredients:

100 grams of potatoes;
50 grams of raw carrots;
half an egg yolk and white;
10 grams of flour;
15 ml of milk.

Grate the carrots and potatoes, add half the yolk, milk and flour. Beat the protein separately and add to the rest of the mixture, season with salt. Mix thoroughly and form into flat cakes. Cook in the oven on a greased baking sheet at 150 degrees. Allowed to be served with herbs and sour cream.

Therapeutic diet for children and pregnant women

During pregnancy, changes occur in the whole body of a woman, and diabetes mellitus may appear in response, which disappears immediately after childbirth. However, throughout pregnancy there is a need to comply with a special diet food.

According to this diet, the following foods should be included in the diet:

cereals and cereals;
fruits;
eggs;
beans and peas;
natural yogurt;
bran bread;
products with fructose content;
fruit juices and compotes with sweeteners;
olive oil;
all dishes must be steamed.

Kvass and carbonated drinks are strictly prohibited during pregnancy. After giving birth, a woman can gradually switch to her usual diet.

Diabetes can also develop in children. In this case, the entire responsibility for regulating the child's nutrition falls on the parents. The menu should consist of boiled and baked dishes. Children are allowed to eat the following foods:

meat, fish and seafood;
vegetables: tomatoes, pumpkin, carrots;
fruits and berries: tangerines, watermelon, melon, raspberries, strawberries, mountain ash, cherries;
milk and cheese;
sweet only with the use of a sweetener;
in rare cases, products from the diabetic department.

Jam, chocolate, cakes are strictly prohibited for children.

Diabetes Diet Tables

Meat

			Carbohydrates	Kcal per 100 g.
hips	17.27	15.25	0	211
beef stroganoff	14.73	2	0.4	163
bouillon	4.3	3.6	0.4	50.7
shin	18.8	13.9	0	200.3
heads	17.3	8.3	0	148
breast	23.6	1.9	0.4	113
tail	19.5	22	0	276
goulash	14.73	2	0.4	163
ventricles	17.66	2.06	0	94
leather	18	15.6	0	212.4
canned	25.3	8.1	0.9	185
smoked	27.48	8.18	0.02	184
smoked breast	27.48	8.18	0.02	184
smoked wings	26.86	19.46	0	290
wings	18.33	15.97	0	222
paws	19.4	14.6	0.2	215
pickled wings	10.26	5.92	4.45	111.14
pickled legs	17	14	1.7	200
pickled fillet	14.97	17.5	5.13	241.97
nuggets	14.97	18.07	15.67	285
legs	19.27	8.68	0	161
chicken legs	21.3	11	0.1	184.6
smoked legs	22.93	15.7	0.02	233
liver	20.4	5.9	0.73	137.6
offal	18.28	5.18	1.42	130
roll	16.64	2.73	4.66	110
hearts	15.8	10.3	0.9	158.9
backrests	14.05	28.74	0	319
soup set	5.4	4.2	0.2	250
fillet	14.73	2	0.4	163
necks	14.07	26.24	0	297
schnitzel	27	6	6	189

Beef

			Carbohydrates	Kcal per 100 g.
entrecote	29.6	11.2	0	220
beef stroganoff	16.7	11.3	5.9	193
udder	12.3	13.7	0	172.5
clipping	18.6	16	0	218.4
brisket	17	17.4	0	224.6
goulash	16.8	14.3	3.9	212
diaphragm	18.9	16.6	0	225
lung	16.2	2.5	0	92
brain	10.86	10.3	1.05	143
marble	18	10	0	170
rump	20.16	7.73	0	156
sirloin	22.09	4.08	0	131
liver	17.9	3.7	5.3	127
kidneys	15.2	2.8	1.9	86
ribs	16.3	18.7	0	233
rump steak	24.9	11.3	8.6	237
roast beef	26.36	6.75	0	173
scar	14.8	4.2	0	97
spleen	18.3	3	0	105
heart	17.72	3.94	0.14	112
steak	19.19	15.32	0	220
marbled beef steak	18	10	0	170
stew	14.1	17.4	0	214
fillet	22.78	6.43	0	155
tail	19.7	6.5	0	137.3
language	16	12.1	2.2	173

Cereals

barley 10 1.3 71.7 324 barley 10 1.3 65.4 313

Diet table number 9: Menu for the week

A person suffering from diabetes can plan their diet in such a way that it is tasty, varied and full of all the necessary vitamins and minerals. This can be helped by a daily diet for diabetes, which is presented below.

We have also prepared a separate article for you: "Therapeutic diet number 9 - a menu for diabetics"

Monday and Thursday.

Breakfast: 4 tbsp. l. vegetable salad, 3 tbsp. l. buckwheat, a slice of bread, 90 grams of low-fat cheese. Snack: a glass of juice and fruit.
Lunch: a small portion of borscht without meat, 5 tbsp. l. vegetable salad, 3 tbsp. l. buckwheat, boiled fish steak, 1 glass of compote.
Afternoon snack: a glass of juice with a slice of boiled sausage.
Dinner: 1 boiled potato, a glass of low-fat kefir, fruit.

Tuesday and Friday.

Breakfast: small portion of rabbit stew, 2 tbsp. l. oatmeal porridge, 1 fruit, a glass of tea with lemon.
Snack: fruit salad.
Lunch: a small portion of soup with meatballs, 150 grams of boiled potatoes, biscuit biscuits, a glass of compote.
Afternoon snack: a glass of berries.
Dinner: 1 tbsp. l. buckwheat, 1 boiled sausage, a glass of juice.

Wednesday and Saturday.

Breakfast: a slice of bread, 2 tbsp. l. vegetable salad, a slice of hard cheese, 1 fruit.
Snack: 1 fruit, a glass of tea with lemon.
Lunch: small portion vegetable soup, a slice of bread, 1 tbsp. l. buckwheat, 3 tbsp. l. vegetable salad, 1 fruit.
Afternoon snack: 1 fruit.
Dinner: 1 tbsp. l. oatmeal porridge, fish cutlet, a glass of tea.

Sunday.

Breakfast: 6 pcs. dumplings, 3 pcs. biscuit biscuits, a glass of coffee.
Snack: 1 piece of fruit.
Lunch: a small portion of buckwheat soup, 100 grams of boiled potatoes, 5 tbsp. l. vegetable salad, biscuit biscuits, a glass of compote.
Afternoon snack: 1 fruit.
Dinner: 1 boiled sausage, 1 tbsp. l. oatmeal, biscuit biscuits, a glass of juice, a glass of low-fat kefir.

Statistics state the fact that the presence of type 2 diabetes for 50% of people is a complete surprise. The diagnosis is established either by chance when examining a person, or as a concomitant current disease. Such an attitude towards one's health results in the complications typical of diabetes. Even an episodic excess of the normal limit of blood sugar levels (above 5.5 mmol / l) is already indicative of failures in the system of glucose uptake by the body. The reasons lie either in the dysfunction of the pancreas, which produces insulin, or in the inability of cells to assimilate the glucose product offered to them after processing it with insulin. The low biological activity of the hormone is caused by pathological changes in the working cells of the gland that produce it.

Such destruction of b-cells can be the result of intrauterine growth disorders, postnatal nutrition and genetic failures. Hyperglycemia arising for various reasons with a sugar level of more than 6.7 mmol / l gives rise to a well-founded assumption about the presence of diabetes mellitus. This type 2 disease can develop at any age, but it is most common in people who have crossed the 40-year mark. The disease progresses slowly and is not accompanied by vivid symptoms for a long time. Most often, a patient "with experience" is overweight, but in modern society this phenomenon is not uncommon for other reasons. When the diagnosis is type 2 diabetes mellitus, it is necessary to urgently begin treatment under the supervision of an endocrinologist.

Nutritional Basis for Diabetics

Diet for type 2 diabetes is the main therapeutic factor. The basis for successful treatment is the patient's careful observance of all the doctor's instructions. Unauthorized change in the nature of the prescribed diet, irregular intake of medications can cause serious consequences. Diabetes mellitus involves:

exclusion of sweets, which instantly supply glucose into the blood: sweets and honey, sugar and jam, cakes and pastries;
limiting the use of foods high in carbohydrates: bread, flour and cereals, potatoes;
holding fasting days, for example, apple, kefir, curd-kefir.

However, these restrictions do not imply a harsh diet devoid of a rich palette of gustatory sensations. On the contrary, mild to moderate type 2 diabetes with systematic control of sugar levels makes it possible to include a small amount of sweets in the diet. Eating type 2 diabetes allows for many varied and delicious foods. Even a healthy person can adhere to it fully and with great pleasure. Doctors and culinary specialists unanimously argue that diabetes requires respect for itself and will not allow a person to continue to ruin his body uncontrollably further.

Vegetables and fruits should become the basis of the diet of diabetics, and the main criterion for the amount of food intake is the rule: everything is useful that is consumed within reasonable limits. Experts recommend using the principle of fractional nutrition, that is, the daily amount of food should be eaten in equal portions for 4-6 meals. The choice of foods for type 2 diabetes should be made in favor of those rich in micro- and macronutrients and vitamins. By using natural and varied food, you will not feel the strong pressure of the ban. But remember that diet is one of the methods of therapy and the doctor should prescribe it, taking into account your medical history, test results and the state of the body at the moment.

With diabetes, a standard daily distribution of products is established:

vegetables - up to 900 g;
fruits - up to 400 g;
fermented milk products - up to 0.5 l;
meat and fish - up to 300 g;
mushrooms - up to 150 g;
carbohydrates - 100 g of bread (can be replaced with 200 g of potatoes or cereals).

When choosing recipes for type 2 diabetes, remember that a meal that includes proteins and complex carbohydrates may contain only a small amount of healthy fats: vegetable oils or nuts. Nutritionists recommend that people with this diagnosis eat at the same time, and be sure to have dinner no later than 2 hours before bedtime. They also warn about the inadmissibility of skipping breakfast, since morning food is the best way to help stabilize blood sugar levels. Diabetics should adhere to this diet throughout their lives. This will keep them in shape and protect them from formidable complications from the cardiovascular system.

Using innovative weight loss techniques

In case of metabolic disorders, cells need a sufficient amount of vitamins and microelements for full functioning, therefore berries and fruits in type 2 diabetes play an important role in the nutrition of patients. You just need to know when to stop and not get carried away with such sweet fruits as grapes and raisins, bananas and dates. It is important to eat slowly and deliberately, as the brain takes time to feel full. Bad mood should not be seized by "sweet", there are other ways to inspire: music, walks, massage. Will certainly help reduce the amount of calories entering the body, as well as glucose and other tricks:

replace the roll in minced meat for cutlets with oatmeal or zucchini;
replace polished rice with unprocessed rice;
give preference to casseroles and vegetable pate;
use stewed vegetables as a side dish.

Help to remove body fat, characteristic of this disease, means that affect the metabolic rate in the body. It has been established that ginger in type 2 diabetes can effectively remove toxins from cells and water from the intercellular space. Adding it to food, even in the form of a dry powder, significantly improves digestion, accelerates intestinal motility and the general condition of the body as a whole. Drinks with ginger are quite effective and pleasant. Lowering pressure, improving the work of the heart muscle is the predicted result of using this spice. But you need to know that the simultaneous intake of ginger with sugar-reducing drugs can enhance their effect, so consultation with your doctor before using ginger supplements is required.

Combining it with another spice - cinnamon, you can give an even more tangible boost to speed up metabolic processes. Cinnamon in type 2 diabetes is able to help cells "accept" the offered glucose and limit to a certain extent the growth of cholesterol in the body. Here's a recipe for those wishing to do more than just clean overweight, but also to enhance the severity of the brain's perception of the surrounding world:

powdered mixture of cinnamon and ginger - ½ teaspoon;
red pepper - 1 g;
kefir - 250 ml.

It is important to remember that there are enough contraindications for taking cinnamon. The presence of hypertension, allergic reactions and a tendency to bleeding in patients is a "stop" - a signal for its use. During pregnancy, cinnamon should also be discarded. The benefits of fasting in type 2 diabetes have not been unequivocally appreciated until now, but nutritionists and endocrinologists alike welcome fasting days. Each patient approaches the choice of its type individually, in accordance with their preferences.

Given the role of hereditary predisposition in the onset of the disease, family members who already have diabetes should follow a diet with some restriction of carbohydrates in the diet. For preventive purposes, elderly people, primarily those suffering from obesity, atherosclerosis and hypertension, should be regularly examined for sugar in blood and urine. For diabetics, good employment and an active lifestyle play an important role in maintaining physical fitness and good sugar levels. Hard work, lack of the necessary rhythm of daily food intake and strong emotional stress are contraindicated for them.

Read what you can eat with diabetes, and then cook delicious and healthy meals of the permitted products. This page provides lists of foods that you can eat if your glucose metabolism is impaired. The information is intended for patients with the following diseases:

type 2 diabetes;
autoimmune diabetes in adults;
type 1 diabetes in children;
gestational diabetes in pregnant women;
prediabetes, impaired glucose tolerance;
insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome.

What you can eat with diabetes: lists of allowed foods

Many of your favorite foods will have to be cut out because they raise your blood glucose levels too quickly and too much. However, there are also plenty of approved products. Diabetics' diet can be healthy, varied, tasty and satisfying.

The main approved foods for diabetics are:

meat;
Fish and seafood;
bird;
eggs;
cabbage and greens;
hard cheese;
butter 82% fat;
vegetable oil, preferably olive oil;
white thick Greek yogurt without sugar and fruit;
nuts - hazelnuts, almonds, walnuts, as well as pumpkin and sunflower seeds;
from fruits, only avocados are allowed, as well as olives and olives.

Meat, fish and poultry - eat whatever you like. This is the foundation. Always choose dairy products of normal fat content, never buy or eat fat-free products.

Don't worry about the fat you eat unless it's margarine. Natural saturated fat raises cholesterol, not bad LDL, but good HDL. Thus, the coefficient of atherogenicity is improved. A low-carbohydrate diet not only normalizes blood sugar, but also protects against heart attack. Watch a video on how protein, fat and carbohydrates eaten affect blood sugar and cholesterol.

A low-carb diet can be supplemented with blood sugar-lowering medications to control diabetes.

And one more useful video.

It is advisable to take tests for cholesterol and other cardiovascular risk factors before switching to a new diet, and then again after 6-8 weeks. The results should improve significantly. If they do not improve, it means that the diabetic is violating the diet or his impaired glucose metabolism is complicated by a concomitant lack of thyroid hormones. It needs to be treated separately.

Read about products for diabetics:

Healthy vegetables:

cabbage;
cauliflower;
sugar-free seaweed;
fresh herbs;
zucchini;
cucumbers;
spinach;
avocado;
mushrooms;
green string beans;
green onions;
tomato juice - up to 50 g per meal;
salt, pepper, mustard, herbs and spices.

Vegetables and greens that contain fiber are essential for a healthy diabetes diet, along with sources of protein. They protect against constipation. Do not be lazy to cook and eat them. The less heat treated vegetables and herbs, the better.

water;
coffee (with heavy cream);
dry wine and 40-degree alcoholic drinks.

It is advisable to test some foods - use a glucometer to determine how they affect your blood sugar. For example, eggplants, tomatoes,. It is also necessary to test all new foods that the patient with diabetes is going to include in their diet.

Print out the Allowed Food Lists above. Keep them in the kitchen, and also carry them with you to the grocery store and to the market.

Diet options depending on the diagnosis:

What are the nutritional characteristics of pregnant women who have been diagnosed with gestational diabetes?

It is possible and beneficial for pregnant women to consume the foods listed above, except for alcoholic beverages. With a high probability, gestational diabetes can be controlled without resorting to insulin injections. However, this does not work in all cases, depending on the severity of the patient's metabolic disorder.

What can you eat with type 2 diabetes? Is the diet different from that of type 1 diabetics?

Type 2 diabetes is a milder condition than type 1 diabetes. In theory, the diet could be less restrictive. You may find that eating a few grams does not raise your blood sugar.

In that case, why not allow yourself to indulge in your favorite sweets or fruits sometimes a little? Because you may have an uncontrollable binge binge. With such an attack, people do not eat a few grams, as planned, but hundreds of times more. And this is already really harmful.

Most people with type 2 diabetes experience cravings for dietary carbohydrates, which are similar in strength to alcohol and drug addiction. As alcoholics know from their own experience, complete abstinence is easier than moderation. Therefore, you better not eat a single gram of prohibited foods, as well as type 1 diabetes patients.

What can a child eat with diabetes?

A child with diabetes can and should eat the foods listed on this page. The sooner the child switches to, the easier it will be to control the disease. Significant experience has already been accumulated in treating diabetes in children by limiting dietary carbohydrates, not only in the United States, but even in Russian-speaking countries. Excellent results obtained, no side effects not visible.

The site promotes methods for controlling impaired glucose metabolism that it has developed. These methods are contrary to official instructions, but they actually help adults and children with diabetes. Watch the video for more details.

As long as a child follows a diet and maintains normal sugar, he will not lag behind peers either in height or in mental development. The child may develop ketones in the urine. This is not harmful, you do not need to change anything in the diet. Better not to measure ketones at all. Instead, check your blood sugar more often, especially during colds and other infectious diseases.

What sweets can you include in your diet?

Patients with type 1 diabetes can use sugar substitutes, the main of which is stevia. For patients with type 2 diabetes, it is better to do without sugar substitutes at all. Because all of these drugs interfere with weight loss, even if they do not contain calories.

Excessive use of sugar substitutes is harmful. People who have a strong craving for sweets, a painful addiction to dietary carbohydrates, need to take a supplement - chromium picolinate. You can easily buy it at the pharmacy. After a few weeks of taking it, you will feel better. Another option is chromium polynicotinate. It is about as effective as picolinate.

Posted by:

50 comments on "What you can eat with diabetes"

Helena
Arkady
Alexander
Helena
Natalia
Sergey
Irina
Irina
Oksana
Ilya
Katarina
Victor
Ludmila
Catherine
Maria
Irina
Valery

Every year the number of patients with diabetes is increasing. To keep your glucose levels within the normal range, you should follow a diet low in carbohydrates. Such food is suitable not only for diabetics, it is an excellent way to prevent disease. Consider 50 foods and dishes that are most useful for this ailment.

Quinoa

Quinoa is one of the best sources of protein and fiber. These substances enable the body to absorb and process carbohydrates.

Zucchini

Zucchini are the closest relatives of pumpkin, but their structure is more delicate, so they are better absorbed.

100% Whole Wheat Bread

Bread is high in carbohydrates, so 100% whole wheat baked goods should be preferred.

Asparagus

Beans

Legumes are rich in vegetable protein and fiber. They are useful for diabetes. Patients with this diagnosis should increase their consumption of beans.

Green tea

The polyphenols in green tea can help promote weight loss and help regulate blood sugar.

Lentils

Lentil meals can help maintain normal blood sugar levels and improve bowel function.

Salmon

This fish is a rich source of protein and omega-3 fatty acids, which help lower triglyceride levels and reduce the risk of heart ischemia and stroke.

Tuna

There are no carbohydrates in fish meat, which is very important in diabetes.

Greek yogurt

Red onion

Onions are able to lower blood glucose levels and reduce insulin dependence.

Spinach

Calcium, phosphorus, potassium, manganese, magnesium, selenium - all this is in spinach. It also contains vitamins, fatty acids and other nutrients.

Berries

Berries such as raspberries, blueberries, strawberries and blackberries are high in fiber and low in sugars.

Carrot

Dietary fiber in carrots slows down the absorption of glucose into the blood.

Broccoli

Eating cruciferous vegetables can help alleviate problems associated with diabetes, heart and nervous system diseases.

SCT oil

This product is great for dieters. MCT (medium chain triglyceride) oil is rapidly absorbed and dissolves in the human body due to its short chain of molecules.

Oatmeal

Oats cleanses blood vessels, removes cholesterol from the body and regulates blood sugar.

Flax seeds

Almond

Almonds are high in magnesium, which helps increase your body's insulin sensitivity.

Chia seeds

The presence of plant fibers and omega-3 fatty acids provides a slower glucose entry into the bloodstream.

Avocado

Thanks to this fruit, you can significantly slow down the absorption of carbons.

Olive oil

Animal fats are highly undesirable in diabetes; it is best to replace them with vegetable fats, such as olive oil.

Peanut butter

It is enough to use 1 tbsp. l. butter in addition to toast for a nutritious and healthy breakfast.

Fodder cabbage (kale)

it useful product containing fiber and other nutrients.

Garlic

Garlic boosts immune defenses and lowers the risk of diabetes. The phytoncides contained in it destroy infections caused by fungi and microbes.

Cinnamon

A teaspoon of starchy cinnamon, drunk on an empty stomach before bed, will help stabilize your glucose levels.

Tomatoes

Regular consumption of tomato juice can lower blood glucose levels.

Hummus

Hummus is a Jewish dish that is indispensable for type 2 diabetes. It is a paste made from chickpeas.

Sardines

Sardines are rich in proteins that reduce the body's dependence on insulin.

Tofu

Soy-based tofu cheese is beneficial for hyperglycemia. It contains a small amount of carbohydrates and fats, which is very useful for diabetes.

Sweet potato

Sweet potatoes are also called sweet potatoes. It contains vitamin A and beta-carotene. Can be eaten baked and fried.

Pumpkin

The vegetable is rich in beta-carotene. It is useful both raw and cooked.

Dark chocolate

Eggs

Eggs are very healthy, but you can eat no more than two eggs a day.

Shirataki noodles

This type of pasta is useful even for diabetics. Low-calorie spring wheat flour is used for the production of noodles.

Bok choi (bok choy)

Green vegetables are very beneficial, especially for diabetes. Broccoli, spinach, bok choy and other types of cabbage provide the body with folic acid, vitamins (A, C, E, K). They are high in fiber, iron, calcium and other minerals.

Celery

Celery is an alkaline food. This is a great snack that is virtually calorie-free and packed with nutrients.

Vegetative protein powder

Protein powder used by vegetarians can be an excellent meal replacement for diabetes. One serving contains 137 calories, 11 g of carbs, 15 g of protein, 6 g of fiber and minimal amount of sugar. The powder is used to make cocktails that can be mixed with various ingredients as desired, such as berries, spinach, chia seeds, almonds or coconut milk.

Momordica, or bitter melons

This plant belongs to the pumpkin family. These fruits are excellent at lowering blood sugar levels. Scientists say that it is enough to consume 200 g of Momordica per day to stabilize the glucose rate in type 2 diabetes.

Table mineral water

Instead of regular carbonated and sweetened drinks, which can contain up to 40 g of sugar, it is recommended to consume unsweetened mineral water. For flavoring, you can use lemon, lime, or fresh mint leaves.

Chickpea

Beans are very beneficial for diabetes, and chickpeas are no exception. Dishes made from this product have a high percentage of fiber and can compete with animal proteins in their nutritional value.

Linseed crackers

Regular crackers are high in carbohydrates, but for diabetics who love this product, flaxseed crackers are a great alternative. 100 g contains 160 calories, less than 20 g of carbohydrates, 3 g of protein and fiber each. Sugar is completely absent in the product.

Bone broth

Bone broth is a rich and nutritious meal. It is high in protein and collagen. Drinking a warm broth during your afternoon snack is enough to keep you from feeling hungry until dinner.

Chicken's meat

The body needs protein to maintain the right blood sugar balance. Lean chicken contains pure protein.

Young soybeans (edamame)

Soybeans are an ideal source of protein, fatty acids and minerals.

Wild rice

Bell pepper

Red, orange, green and yellow sweet peppers will not only decorate any dish, but also complement it with a large amount nutrients needed to normalize blood sugar. Contains fructose and vitamin C.

Cauliflower

This is a valuable product that contains amino acids, vitamins and other trace elements. Cabbage is low in calories and contains a very rare vitamin U.

Walnuts

Walnuts are a storehouse of nutrients. They are low in carbohydrates, high in fiber and vegetable fats, including Omega-3. But it is worth eating nuts in small quantities, since the product is very high in calories.

Broccoli sprouts

Swedish scientists have found that concentrated cabbage sprout extract can help cope with type 2 diabetes and reduce high blood sugar levels.

Update: October 2018

Basic nutritional principles

In diabetic patients who, either intentionally or unknowingly, do not follow the diet prior to diagnosis, the cells' sensitivity to insulin is lost due to the excessive amount of carbohydrates in the diet. Because of this, blood glucose rises and remains at high levels. The meaning of dietary nutrition for diabetics is to restore lost insulin sensitivity to cells, i.e. the ability to absorb sugar.

Limiting the total calorie content of the diet while maintaining its energy value for the body.
The energy component of the diet should be equal to the real energy consumption.
Eating at about the same time. This contributes to the well-coordinated work of the digestive system and the normal course of metabolic processes.
Mandatory 5-6 meals a day, with light snacks - especially for insulin-dependent patients.
The main meals of the same (approximately) calorie content. Most of the carbohydrates should be in the first half of the day.
Wide use of the permitted range of products in dishes, without getting hung up on any specific ones.
Adding fresh, fiber-rich vegetables to each meal to create satiety and slow the absorption of simple sugars.
Replacement of sugar with approved and safe sugar substitutes in standardized quantities.
Preference for desserts containing vegetable fat (yogurt, nuts), since the breakdown of fat slows down the absorption of sugar.
Eating sweets only during main meals, and not in snacks, otherwise there will be a sharp jump in blood glucose.
Strict limitation up to the complete exclusion of easily digestible carbohydrates.
Limiting complex carbohydrates.
Limiting the proportion of animal fats in the diet.
Elimination or significant reduction of salt.
Avoiding overeating, i.e. overload of the digestive tract.
Avoiding food intake immediately after physical activity or playing sports.
Exclusion or sharp limitation of alcohol (up to 1 portion during the day). Do not drink on an empty stomach.
Using dietary methods of cooking.
The total amount of free liquid daily is 1.5 liters.

Some features of optimal nutrition for diabetics

In no case should you neglect breakfast.
You can not go hungry and take long breaks in food.
The last meal is no later than 2 hours before bedtime.
Dishes should not be overly hot or overly cold.
During meals, vegetables are eaten first, and then a protein product (meat, cottage cheese).
If a serving of food contains a significant amount of carbohydrates, there must be protein or the right fats to reduce the rate of digestion of the former.
It is advisable to drink permitted drinks or water before meals, and not drink them with food.
When cooking cutlets, a loaf is not used, but you can add oatmeal, vegetables.
You cannot increase the GI of products by additionally frying them, adding flour, breading in breadcrumbs and batter, seasoning with butter and even boiling (beets, pumpkin).
With poor tolerance of raw vegetables, baked dishes are made from them, various pastes and pates.
Eat slowly and in small portions, chewing food thoroughly.
You should stop eating at 80% saturation (according to personal feelings).

What is the glycemic index (GI) and why does a diabetic need it?

It is a measure of the ability of foods, once they have entered the body, to cause an increase in blood sugar levels. GI acquires particular relevance in severe and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

Each product has its own GI. Accordingly, the higher it is, the faster it grows after its use and vice versa.

The GI grading separates all foods with high (over 70 units), medium (41-70), and low GI (up to 40). Tables with a breakdown of products into the indicated groups or online calculators for calculating the GI can be found on thematic portals and can be used in everyday life.

All foods with a high GI are excluded from the diet with the rare exception of those that are good for the human body with diabetes (honey). In this case, the total GI of the diet is reduced by limiting other carbohydrate foods.

The usual diet should consist of foods with low (mostly) and medium (smaller proportion) GI.

What is XE and how to calculate it?

The XE or Bread Unit is another measure for calculating carbohydrates. The name comes from a piece of "brick" bread, which is obtained by standard cutting a loaf into pieces, and then in half: just such a 25-gram piece contains 1 XE.

Many foods contain carbohydrates, while they all differ in composition, properties and calorie content. This is why it is difficult to determine the daily food intake, which is important for insulin-dependent patients - the amount of carbohydrates consumed must correspond to the dose of insulin administered.

This counting system is international and allows you to select the required dose of insulin. XE allows you to determine the carbohydrate component without weighing, but with the help of a glance and natural volumes that are convenient for perception (piece, piece, glass, spoon, etc.). Having estimated how much XE will be eaten in 1 meal and measuring blood sugar, a patient with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus can inject an appropriate dose of insulin with a short action before meals.

1 XE contains about 15 grams of digestible carbohydrates;
after consuming 1 XE, the blood sugar level increases by 2.8 mmol / l;
to assimilate 1 XE you need 2 units. insulin;
daily norm: 18-25 XE, with a distribution over 6 meals (snacks 1-2 XE, main meals 3-5 XE);
1 XE is equal to: 25 gr. white bread, 30 gr. black bread, half a glass of oatmeal or buckwheat, 1 medium apple, 2 pcs. prunes, etc.

Permitted foods and those that you can rarely eat

When eating with diabetes mellitus - permitted foods are a group that can be consumed without restrictions.

Low GI:	Average GI:
garlic, onions; tomatoes; leaf salad; green onions, dill; broccoli; Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, white cabbage; Green pepper; zucchini; cucumbers; asparagus; green bean; raw turnip; sour berries; mushrooms; eggplant; walnut; rice bran; raw peanuts; fructose; dry soybeans; fresh apricot; canned soybeans; black 70% chocolate; grapefruit; plums; pearl barley; fractional yellow peas; Cherry; lentils; soy milk; apples; peaches; black beans; berry marmalade (without sugar); berry jam (sugar-free); milk 2%; whole milk; Strawberry; raw pears; roasted sprouted grains; chocolate milk; dried apricots; raw carrots; fat-free natural yogurt; dry green peas; figs; oranges; fish sticks; white beans; natural apple juice; natural orange fresh; corn porridge (hominy); fresh green peas; grape.	canned peas; colored beans; canned pears; lentils; bran bread; natural pineapple juice; lactose; fruit bread; natural grape juice; natural grapefruit juice; bulgur groats; oat groats; buckwheat bread, buckwheat pancakes; spaghetti, pasta; cheese tortellini; brown rice; buckwheat porridge; kiwi; bran; sweet yogurt; oatmeal cookies; fruit salad; mango; papaya; sweet berries;
	Foods with borderline GI content - should be significantly limited, and in severe diabetes, exclude:
	canned sweet corn; white peas and dishes from it; hamburger buns; biscuit; beet; black beans and dishes from it; raisin; pasta products; shortbread cookies; black bread; Orange juice; canned vegetables; semolina; melon is sweet; jacket potatoes; bananas; oatmeal, oat muesli; a pineapple;- wheat flour; fruit chips; turnip; milk chocolate; dumplings; stewed and steamed turnips; sugar; chocolate bars; sugar marmalade; sugar jam; boiled corn; carbonated sweet drinks.

Prohibited foods

Refined sugar itself is a product with an average GI, but with a borderline value. This means that in theory it can be consumed, but the absorption of sugar is fast, which means that blood sugar rises quickly. Therefore, ideally, it should be limited or not consumed at all.

High GI foods (prohibited)

Other prohibited foods:

wheat porridge;
crackers, croutons;
baguette;
watermelon;
baked pumpkin;
fried donuts;
waffles;
muesli with nuts and raisins;
cracker;
butter cookies;
potato chips;
fodder beans;
potato dishes
white bread, rice bread;
popcorn corn;
carrots in dishes;
cornflakes;
instant rice porridge;
halva;
canned apricots;
bananas;
rice groats;
parsnips and products from it;
swede;
any white flour pastry;
corn flour and dishes made from it;
potato flour;
sweets, cakes, pastries;
condensed milk;
sweet curds, curds;
jam with sugar;
corn, maple, wheat syrup;
beer, wine, alcoholic cocktails;
kvass.

with partially hydrogenated fats (food with long shelf life, canned food, fast food);
red and fatty meat (pork, duck, goose, lamb);
sausage and sausage products;
oily and salted fish;
smoked meats;
cream, fatty yoghurts;
salted cheese;
animal fats;
sauces (mayonnaise, etc.);
hot spices.

Equivalent replacement of harmful products with useful analogues

We exclude	Introducing into the diet
White rice	Brown rice
Potatoes, especially mashed potatoes and fries	Yasm, sweet potato
Regular pasta	Durum and coarse pasta.
White bread	Peeled bread
Cornflakes	Bran
Cakes, pastries	Fruits and berries
Red meat	White dietary meat (rabbit, turkey), lean fish
Animal fats, trans fats	Vegetable fats (rapeseed, flaxseed, olive)
Saturated meat broths	Light soups on the second dietary meat broth
Fat cheese	Avocados, low-fat cheeses
Milk chocolate	bitter chocolate
Ice cream	Whipped frozen fruit (not Ice Cream ice cream)
Cream	Low fat milk

Table 9 for diabetes

Diet No. 9, specially designed for diabetics, is widely used in inpatient care of such patients and should be followed at home. It was developed by the Soviet scientist M. Pevzner. The diet for diabetics includes a daily intake of up to:

80 gr. vegetables;
300 gr. fruit;
1 glass of natural fruit juice
500 ml fermented milk products, 200 grams of low-fat cottage cheese;
100 g mushrooms;
300 gr. fish or meat;
100-200 gr. rye, wheat mixed with rye flour, bran bread or 200 grams of potatoes, cereals (ready-made);
40-60 gr. fat.

Main dishes:

Soups: cabbage soup, vegetables, borscht, beetroot, meat and vegetable okroshka, light meat or fish broth, mushroom broth with vegetables and cereals.
Meat, poultry: veal, rabbit, turkey, boiled chicken, chopped, stewed.
A fish: low-fat seafood and fish (pike perch, pike, cod, navaga) in boiled, steam, stewed, baked in their own juice.
Snacks: vinaigrette, vegetable mix from fresh vegetables, vegetable caviar, herring soaked from salt, jellied dietary meat and fish, seafood salad with butter, unsalted cheese.
Sweets: desserts from fresh fruits, berries, fruit jelly without sugar, berry mousses, marmalade and jam without sugar.
Beverages: coffee, tea is weak, mineral water without gas, vegetable and fruit juice,).
Egg dishes: protein omelet, soft-boiled eggs, in dishes.

Diet by day for a week

The menu for a week, contrary to the skepticism of many people who have just taken the path of dietary nutrition, can be very tasty and varied, the main thing is not to make food a priority in life, because not only does a person live with it.

	1st option	2nd option
First day
Breakfast	Protein omelet with asparagus, tea.	Loose buckwheat with vegetable oil and steam cottage cheese.
2 breakfast	Squid and apple salad with walnuts.	Fresh vegetable carrot salad.
Dinner	Beetroot, baked eggplant with pomegranate seeds.	Vegetarian vegetable soup, meat stew with jacket potatoes. One apple.
Snack	Rye bread sandwich with avocado.	Kefir mixed with fresh berries.
Dinner	Grilled salmon steak with green onions.	Boiled fish with stewed cabbage.
Second day
Breakfast	Buckwheat with milk, a glass of coffee.	Herculean porridge. Tea with milk.
2 breakfast	Fruit salad.	Cottage cheese with fresh apricots.
Dinner	Pickle in the second meat broth. Seafood salad.	Vegetarian borscht. Turkey meat goulash with lentils.
Snack	Unsalted cheese and a glass of kefir.	Vegetable cabbage rolls.
Dinner	Baked vegetables with chopped turkey.	Sugar-free dried fruit compote. Soft-boiled egg.
Third day
Breakfast	Oatmeal with mashed apple and sweetened with stevia, a glass of sugar-free yogurt.	Low-fat curd cheese with tomatoes. Tea.
2 breakfast	Fresh apricot smoothie with berries.	Vegetable vinaigrette and 2 slices of peeled bread.
Dinner	Vegetable stew with veal.	Viscous pearl barley soup with milk. Veal steamed dumplings.
Snack	Cottage cheese with the addition of milk.	Fruit stewed with milk.
Dinner	Fresh pumpkin, carrot and pea salad.	Stewed broccoli with mushrooms.
Fourth day
Breakfast	Burger made with whole grain bread, low-fat cheese and tomato.	Soft-boiled egg. A glass of milk.
2 breakfast	Steamed vegetables with hummus.	Fruits and berries, whipped with a blender with kefir.
Dinner	Vegetable soup with celery and green peas. Chopped chicken cutlet with spinach.	Vegetarian cabbage soup. Barley porridge under a fish coat.
Snack	Pears stuffed with raw almonds.	Squash caviar.
Dinner	Salad with salmon, pepper and natural yoghurt.	Boiled chicken breast with eggplant and celery goulash.
The fifth day
Breakfast	Steamed fresh plum puree with cinnamon and stevia. Weak coffee and soy bread.	Sprouted grains with natural yogurt and crisp bread. Coffee.
2 breakfast	Salad with boiled egg and natural squash caviar.	Berry jelly.
Dinner	Cauliflower and broccoli puree soup. Beef steak with arugula and tomatoes.	Mushroom broth with vegetables. Meatballs with stewed zucchini.
Snack	Low-fat cottage cheese with berry sauce.	A glass of green tea. One apple.
Dinner	Steamed asparagus beans and fish meatballs in natural green sauce.	Salad with tomato, herbs and cottage cheese.
Sixth day
Breakfast	Low-fat cheese and 2 slices of whole grain bread. Orange fresh.	Rice bran with milk and berries.
2 breakfast	Raw beetroot, mustard oil and walnut salad.	Fruit salad with nuts. Diet bread.
Dinner	Pike perch soup with wild rice. Baked avocado with curd cream.	Soup with beef meatballs and sorrel.
Snack	Fresh berries whipped with low-fat milk.	Zrazy from carrots and cottage cheese, vegetable juice.
Dinner	Baked red onion with quail eggs scrambled.	Steamed fish with cucumber, pepper and tomato salad.
Seventh day
Breakfast	Curd-carrot soufflé, weak tea.	Cottage cheese casserole. Berry fresh.
2 breakfast	Warm salad of fresh celery, pear and kohlrabi.	Bran bread burger with soaked herring and lettuce.
Dinner	Cold spinach soup. Rabbit fillet stewed with brussels sprouts.	Bean soup with a second meat broth. Mushroom steamed cutlet.
Snack	Puff fruit dessert with mascarpone.	A glass of kefir.
Dinner	Baked cod with green salad.	Pike perch fillet with fresh vegetables.

Sugar substitutes

This issue remains controversial, since diabetic patients do not experience an acute need for them, but uses them only for the purpose of satisfying their taste preferences and the habit of salsaling food and drinks. In principle, there are no artificial and natural sugar substitutes with 100% proven safety. The main requirement for them is the absence of an increase in blood sugar or a slight increase in the indicator.

Currently, with strict blood sugar control, 50% fructose, stevia and honey can be used as sweeteners.

Stevia

Stevia is a supplement made from the leaves of the perennial stevia plant that replaces sugar with no calories. The plant synthesizes sweet glycosides such as stevioside, a substance that gives leaves and stems a sweet taste 20 times sweeter than sugar. Can be added to ready-made meals or used in food preparation. Stevia is believed to help restore the functioning of the pancreas and help the production of its own insulin without affecting blood sugar.

It was officially approved as a sweetener by WHO experts in 2004. The daily rate is up to 2.4 mg / kg (no more than 1 tablespoon per day). Overuse of the supplement can lead to toxic effects and allergic reactions... Available in powder, liquid extracts and concentrated syrups.

Fructose

Fructose 50%. Insulin is not needed for the metabolism of fructose, so it is safe in this regard. It has 2 times less calories and 1.5 times more sweetness in comparison with the usual sugar. It has a low GI (19) and does not cause a rapid rise in blood sugar.

The consumption rate is no more than 30-40 grams. per day. When consumed more than 50 gr. fructose per day, the sensitivity of the liver to insulin decreases. Available in powder, tablet form.

Honey

Natural bee honey. Contains glucose, fructose and a small proportion of sucrose (1-6%). Insulin is necessary for the metabolism of sucrose, but the content of this sugar in honey is insignificant, therefore, the load on the body is small.

Rich in vitamins and biologically active substances, improves immunity. With all this, it is a high-calorie carbohydrate product with a high GI (about 85). With mild diabetes, 1-2 teaspoons of honey with tea per day are permissible, after meals, slowly dissolving, but not adding to the hot drink.

Supplements such as aspartame, xylitol, suclamate and saccharin are not currently recommended by endocrinologists due to side effects and other risks.

It should be understood that the rate of absorption of carbohydrates, as well as the sugar content in foods, may differ from the calculated average values. Therefore, it is important to monitor blood glucose before meals and 2 hours after meals, keep a food diary and thus find foods that cause individual spikes in blood sugar. To calculate the GI of ready meals, it is more convenient to use a special calculator, since the cooking technique and various additives can significantly increase the initial GI level of the starting products.