Russian military men receive alcoholic beverages. Alcohol is a weapon of mass destruction for the Russians. Further application of the norm in the troops
Alcohol is a weapon of mass destruction for Russians... The country is drowning in a colossal, poisonous sea of \u200b\u200bvodka. Our ship is in distress, sinking to the bottom of the boundless alcoholic ocean. In its tart fiery waves, ancient elders, and small children, and babies, even unborn, drown - all of them are victims of the great alcohol war, all of them are subjected to a merciless alcoholic blow. Alcohol in Russia washes the brains of ministers and plumbers. Cultural figures and the military - all drink a lot, and then suffer from a hangover, suffer from migraines. Today Russia is drinking too much like never before.
How many talents have perished on the account of vodka, how many lives lost, how many senseless dramas and cruel nonsense! What innumerable troubles the vodka spirit brought to Russia! He pulls his terrible, green fingers to the neck of our children ... Vodka eats away at the Russian future!
Today, the fight against alcohol is a national idea in Russia. Russia needs 100 years of absolute sobriety - this is one of the important conditions for our takeoff, our ascent, our cosmic Tomorrow.
That is why those Russian patriots are disgusting who drip a drunken tear into a glass, continuing to remember the lost Great Russia... Those Russian nationalists are disgusting who, cursing the sober as glass of Islamists, themselves continue to lap the "water of fire" day and night. The Russian intellectual is insane, pompously broadcasting about the genocide of the Russians, while continuing to ferment "in spite of the enemies", destroying himself and those around him with his own hands.
This senseless, weak, woman's behavior has no place in our aggravated, complex, permeated with contradictions era. It's time to move on to total mobilization, which implies crystal sobriety.
Some exclaim innocently: "Drinking is the joy of Russia!" Others build a sophisticated theory according to which our great country was built on the distillation of alcoholic energy. Vodka is a part of our national tradition, a part of our culture ... One can argue about this endlessly, especially over a glass. But there is no time for these conversations. The cosmic alarm clock ticks inexorably, measuring the life time of people, peoples and civilizations. Yes, it is cold in Siberia and, perhaps, the Cossacks drank brew on the banks of the Irtysh “for sugrev's sake”. But times have changed. Today there is a great alcoholic war against Russia. The Russian people are among the first victims of this war. We were caught, caught like Indians. Very soon we will all be driven into stuffy reservations, where more and more consignments of alcohol will be delivered by train.
Why should you stop drinking? First, drinking is harmful, as you know. However, drinking modern alcohol is even more harmful than just drinking. Today's vodka is not vodka, but an alcoholic essence, with the addition chemicals psychotropic action. The notorious beer, of which there are a hundred varieties, is actually bottled from one slippery iron barrel. It's not beer at all! The alkaline solution, which has been poured into the brains of a huge number of young people in Russia, only vaguely resembles beer. What are the true ingredients of this solution, how do they affect consciousness and offspring - this is still to be understood ... About the "refined" wine, which is whipped up from some black tablets, is not worth talking about. Everyone already knows about this.
It is this garbage that is poured in tons into the throats of our fellow citizens. The result is obvious.
Alcohol leads to a colossal waste of social time. Overwhelming public life, he begins to replace any form of activity. In drunken enthusiasm, the possibility of meaningful action disappears, any possibility of what we call an Action. Instead, rash, wild, incorrect, imprecise steps are being taken. For alcohol is a huge diffuser of human energy, a terrible waste of energy. It scatters the reserves of national energy downwind, does not give an opportunity to concentrate, to gather forces in the direction of the main blow.
That is why Russians need to stop drinking. Quit drinking altogether.
Since the national energy of the people is needed for another matter - for the building work, for the development and defense of 1/6 of the land, this sacred space given to us by God. A territory dedicated to a new life, a great saving alternative. The whole human history, the history of the planet, is at stake. So, will the Russians continue to be stupidly loaded with fake vodka?
Drinking must be stopped immediately, and without the help of whining, groaning, chemical injections, shamans and drug therapists. It should be an individual, responsible, meaningful choice of everyone. It is just about an Act, about a heroic deed, about direct action - about what a Russian man is capable of.
Need, of course, and the state course of total sobriety. The battle with the serpent is a sacred state duty, one of the main state affairs. Recent bashful moves towards restricting the liquor trade seem casual and fleeting. Any prohibitive measures are nothing compared to the possibilities of total propaganda. Every day, every hour, national television is supposed to play anti-alcohol videos. We urgently need to reforge the consciousness of the nation, and the increase in prices for vodka, the necessary control over its quality, and so on - these are all just small fragments of a huge program of cleansing Russia.
A film by Archimandrite Tikhon Shevkunov exposing drunkenness was shown on Russian television once an hour after midnight. Meanwhile, this film should be shown every day at prime time on all channels. We need not one such film, but tens, hundreds ... Social advertisement must act urgently, hourly, everywhere. Each time it must remind people of the shamefulness of a vile vice, of the need for prophetic wakefulness.
Very soon Russia will emerge from the wreckage of past eras. It will come out renewed, fresh and sober, which has declared a centenary moratorium on drunkenness.
It's hard to believe today, but it will be so.
IMPOSSIBLE POSSIBLE!
Prevention of alcoholism
The criminological situation in the troops remains difficult, it negatively affects the combat effectiveness of units and subunits, the authority of the army in society. The problem of criminality among servicemen has long gone beyond the framework of the country's military organization itself and has become a nationwide one, which forces us to look for new approaches to preventing criminal behavior in the troops. At first glance, the problem of alcoholism does not seem to exist for the military organization of the state. Servicemen diagnosed with chronic alcoholism are immediately dismissed from military service, since it is believed that only healthy people serve in the army.
But many servicemen, not wanting to advertise their propensity for alcohol abuse, are being treated anonymously, since now such an opportunity is provided. A person in uniform in a narcological dispensary is not uncommon, as doctors say directly. Help is provided to all who apply. The positive thing about this is that the soldier found the strength and courage to come to a medical institution and report his illness. Such an appeal for medical care, as well as the fact of being in inpatient or outpatient treatment, is not recorded anywhere, therefore, no negative consequences for the serviceman who applied.
We will not find official generalized statistics on the number of persons suffering from this ailment in the Armed Forces and other troops, since such figures are "closed" and are not generalized even at the level of medical services of districts and fleets. All questions regarding sick officers and warrant officers are resolved in the hospital of a military hospital, and in relation to privates and sergeants in the hospital of the regional clinical psychiatric hospital, where military personnel undergo a military medical commission. Thus, all issues of military service for sick people are limited to the scale of a military unit.
According to the explanations of Doctor of Medical Sciences G.P. Kolupaev, who headed in the second half of the 70s. last century, the Commission of the Central Military District of the Ministry of Defense of the USSR for studying the problem of the spread of drunkenness and alcoholism among the officers, the results of the work showed that in individual military districts the proportion of officers suffering from alcoholism reached 40%. All materials on the work of this commission were made "closed" and no practical steps were taken to rectify the situation. Today, unfortunately, in the presence of a problem, we do not observe serious research in this area, even among military doctors.
Among the background phenomena affecting the criminal behavior of military personnel, alcohol abuse can be noted first. Drunkenness and alcoholism are classified as social deviations, antisocial and socially negative phenomena, social pathology, social anomaly, background criminogenic phenomena, negative and negative phenomena, antisocial behavior, which is the basis for committing crimes.
Inshakov S.M. reasonably classifies drunkenness and alcoholism as criminal-criminogenic phenomena, which have become factors of crime and so become akin to it, which is very difficult to separate one from the other.
Some authors combine the concepts of "alcoholism" and "drug addiction", arguing that alcoholism as a disease is one of the types of drug addiction that occurs in connection with the frequent use of alcohol. Apparently it was no coincidence that in 1975 at the WHO General Assembly a special decision was made - to consider alcohol a drug that undermines health. Criminologists, psychiatrists, psychologists, sociologists and educators are engaged in the study of alcoholism. Criminologists consider this complex phenomenon as a factor in crime, psychiatrists as a disease, psychologists as a personality pathology, and sociologists as a socially negative factor. The reasons for the emergence of the social phenomenon under consideration are of a social nature, rooted, as a rule, in real-life contradictions of the socio-economic, cultural, ideological and other order.
The problem of drunkenness among the military existed in the days of Suvorov and Kutuzov. So, in the "Regimental institution" A.V. Suvorov ordered the commanders "to know everyone in their company and if one of the newly determined has any defect, like that: inclined to drunkenness ... then the old man with admonitions, then with moderate punishments to turn away" ... In the order of MI Kutuzov on the corps "On the responsibility of commanders for the behavior of soldiers subordinate to them" dated July 19, 1802, it was indicated that "in all regiments and teams the commanders should be very careful that people of unreliable behavior, somehow drunkards ... We were not sent or released for anything, the commander will not escape responsibility for any bad act of such a mischievous person. " Unfortunately, drunkenness is still an acute problem today. russian society and the Armed Forces.
Drunkenness is understood as alcohol abuse, which is associated with a certain socio-psychological degradation of the personality. As criminological studies show, one in sixteen drunkards becomes an alcoholic.
Alcoholism is a painful craving for alcohol and is characterized by both physiological and mental dependence of a person on alcoholic beverages.
Alcoholism is characterized by a pathological craving for alcohol and the development of a hangover syndrome upon cessation of alcohol use.
In recent years, an analysis of statistics on the convictions of military personnel shows that the proportion of military personnel who committed crimes while intoxicated amounted to an average of 10%, among the officer corps 4%. Real numbers much higher, since in the statistics cards in the information about many non-violent and lasting crimes it is noted that the perpetrator committed them in a sober state. The circumstance of intoxication is not taken into account as an aggravating punishment, therefore the investigating authorities and the court are not obliged to establish this circumstance precisely. Realizing that, in general, intoxication to a certain extent affects the assessment (nature) of the actions of the culprit, the accused (defendants) try to hide this fact. In many cases, this circumstance remains unclear. Driving in the state of drunkenness military personnel deprived of a driver's license, therefore, taking into account the actual impunity (the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation for this provides for a small fine as a punishment) for such offenses should be criminalized.
The problem of alcoholism in the Armed Forces Russian Federation is a direct consequence of its acuteness in society, primarily among the conscripts. In recent years, the number of citizens exempted from conscription due to alcoholism has increased dramatically. The report of the Ombudsman for Human Rights indicates that the qualitative characteristic of the conscript contingent can be attributed to the fact that a steady propensity to drink alcohol in recent years has been noted in 14% of recruits. In the Smolensk region, an average of about 100 recruits are diagnosed with chronic alcoholism every year.
The reasons for early alcoholism, according to research, are dissatisfaction with the realities of everyday life and life, which begins in adolescence. Among 18-20-year-old military personnel today there are few chronic alcoholics, but just as few are military personnel who did not drink alcohol before being drafted into military service. According to the data of sample surveys, 75-95% of young people drank alcohol at school, but this is not drunkenness yet.
Drinking, the young man seeks to extinguish his characteristic state of anxiety, insecurity and get rid of excessive shyness. Parents and peers often provide negative examples. The consumption of alcohol is facilitated by the lack of organization of leisure time for young people, who are often left to themselves, domestic disorder, material difficulties, unemployment. In some cases, long-term illness, loss of loved ones, family conflicts can lead to drunkenness.
In the army, as in society, there are many factors of alcoholism among servicemen: this is a low level of anti-alcohol education, negative traditions (drinking alcohol when meeting acquaintances and friends, “washing” military ranks, positions, etc.).
Since there is no obvious congenital predisposition to alcoholism (foreign scientists refute this), the assimilation of alcoholic customs and habits is formed mainly in small groups (family, friendly company). Alcoholism as one of the most serious and dangerous forms of deviant behavior is recognized by experts as a factor that poses a threat to the life, health and well-being of both individual servicemen and entire units (units). Drunkenness has a negative effect on military discipline, on the performance of functional duties.
Prevention of alcoholism should be understood as a set of measures taken by officials in order to prevent the prerequisites for the development of this negative form of behavior. This activity includes activities of an organizational, educational, psychological, legal and other nature.
Commanders (chiefs) must first of all know which of their subordinates should be given special attention. It is necessary to explain that in the army, in general, any consumption of alcohol is dangerous, as it can harm combat readiness. Alcohol threatens to incapacitate people, cause violations of the rules of service and security measures when using military equipment and weapons, and as a result of injuries, injuries, and death of people. The sense of duty, conscience, honor, responsibility is alien to the drunkard.
It should be noted that the prevention of drunkenness and alcoholism should be considered as one of the main components in the prevention of offenses in the troops, as an important and urgent task of social work in the troops. The prevention of drunkenness and alcoholism is carried out in accordance with the order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation No. 440 "On measures to prevent drunkenness and alcoholism in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation" from 1997. This order obliges military officials to take measures to diagnose and treat alcohol abusers.
By order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation "On the system of work of officials and management bodies to preserve the mental health of military personnel ..." dated September 25, 1998 No. 440, the positions of psychiatrists-narcologists were introduced in military hospitals and polyclinics.
Due to the fact that it is not difficult to establish the number of servicemen discharged early from military service in connection with this disease on the scale of the Armed Forces, it seems necessary that such generalizations of statistical data are carried out annually and, based on the analysis of such indicators, preventive measures are planned. In case of abuse of alcohol by a soldier and the failure of educational measures, the commander (chief) is obliged to make a decision on a professional fit of a soldier for military service in a military accounting specialty. It must be remembered that a preliminary diagnosis is made by a psychiatrist (narcologist), and then a soldier, in order to confirm the diagnosis and determine the fitness for military service, must be sent to a stationary military medical examination.
Among the forms of exposure to alcohol abusers, the following can be distinguished: collection and analysis of objective information about conscripts for the purpose of early diagnosis and treatment of alcohol abusers; dynamic medical monitoring of servicemen who occasionally consume alcohol (without signs of addiction); active involvement of such servicemen in military service activities, carrying out systematic individual educational work with them, displaying high commanding demands; systematic control; classes in the system of public and state training; conducting special educational and cultural events, for example, conversations on the topics: "Alcohol and crime", "Alcohol and human health"; the use of printing and visual agitation; establishing close contact with parents; communicating orders of the command and orders for the conviction by military courts of persons who have committed crimes while intoxicated; taking adequate response after each offense; meetings with employees of military prosecutor's offices and military doctors; active occupation physical fitness.
Thus, the prevention of alcoholism includes a complex of organizational, social, psychological, pedagogical and medical measures.
The prevention of drunkenness is important not only in the army, but also in society as a whole, since the army is staffed with conscripts and citizens entering on a voluntary basis under a contract. In connection with the significant "rejuvenation" of drunkenness in all educational institutions of the regions, targeted programs for the prevention of alcoholism and drug addiction are needed.
The police department and garrison patrols are engaged in the prevention of drunkenness in public places, but the prevention of drunkenness in everyday life is also important, which should be the focus of military-social work.
It should be remembered that the performance of duties in service while intoxicated in accordance with Appendix 5 to the Disciplinary Charter of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is a gross disciplinary offense and the response to such facts must be strict and principled. An important role in the prevention of drunkenness among the troops should be played by the return of disciplinary arrest with detention in the guardhouse, canceled in connection with the adoption in 2005 by the State Duma of the Federal Law "On the disciplinary arrest of servicemen." Unfortunately, now without the implementation of this effective measure of coercion, the commander is simply powerless in relation to the unbelted drunkard.
In military units in medical centers, it is necessary to create posts of medical examination for alcohol intoxication, for which it is necessary to supply the troops with appropriate equipment (breathalyzers, sobriety control tubes) and train the medical staff. This will contribute to the control of servicemen who are seen drinking alcohol during their official hours, and can be used to diagnose persons allowed to operate automobile, armored and aviation equipment, to carry out combat duty (in case of doubt, a medical worker). A great role in the early detection of alcohol abusers of NCOs and medical orderlies of the mouth. The possibility of diagnosing drunkenness in a military unit is important for preventing accidents and crimes. In military units, it is not always possible to examine a serviceman in a narcological clinic using modern equipment. The refusal of a serviceman to undergo a medical examination for the state of alcoholic, toxic and drug intoxication should be considered as a basis for terminating the contract on military service.
It seems that religious organizations can play an important role in the prevention of drunkenness and alcoholism among military personnel and in society as a whole. Religious trends, in particular Christianity and Buddhism, preach moderation and restraint in everything. Islam generally prohibits the use of alcohol.
Among the preventive measures, you can also suggest:
1. Development, adoption and implementation of a federal program to combat drunkenness and alcoholism in the Russian Federation, adoption and implementation of regional similar programs;
3. Regional bans on the sale of alcohol;
4. Development of a network of anonymous hospitals for the treatment of alcohol dependence with funding from the federal budget (the cost of one day of treatment in such a hospital in Smolensk under the most moderate treatment conditions is 1000 rubles per day, which today not everyone can afford);
5. Active anti-alcohol propaganda in the media, cinema, literature, propaganda healthy way life (it is necessary to explain to the population that talk about the benefits of alcohol comes from alcohol producers);
6. Active prevention of beer alcoholism, including children and adolescents;
7. Prevention of tobacco smoking (it is well known that smoking provokes alcohol consumption);
8. A complete ban on the consumption of alcohol on the territory of military units and institutions;
9. Toughening of disciplinary practice in the army for abusing alcoholic beverages;
10. Active involvement of chiefs of medical services of military units and other military doctors in anti-alcohol measures.
As you can see, some of the preventive measures of a restrictive, legal, educational and medical nature can be carried out at the federal level, some at the regional and departmental level, and the main part, including disciplinary measures, at the level of a military unit and subunits. In an army environment, the effectiveness of individual educational work.
Military service, subject to all the requirements of the law, general military regulations and guidelines governing the life of military personnel, provides ideal conditions for anti-alcohol work. The statutory order in the unit and the military unit, combat and physical training, full and high-quality provision of all types of allowance, interesting educational work, the correct organization of leisure and cultural events, attention to family and everyday problems contribute to the formation of correct attitudes of the soldier's personality and leave no room for attempts to escape reality through alcoholic intoxication.
Since drunkenness and alcoholism are among the most acute negative social phenomena in society and the army, their prevention is an urgent task for commanders, educational work bodies, and social workers.
It is expedient to carry out the prevention of alcohol consumption among military personnel on the basis of a special methodology in three stages: during the period of recruiting young recruits into the Armed Forces; during the period of adaptation of servicemen to service and in the course of further service.
At the first stage, military commissariats carry out work to identify persons who are not fit for military service for health reasons, and recruits are selected by representatives of military units.
At the second stage, work on prevention of use should be most intensive, since it is necessary to identify persons predisposed to alcoholism, with their subsequent inclusion in the follow-up group.
At the third stage, the work on the prevention of alcohol consumption concentrates on counteracting the use and distribution of alcohol in a military unit or unit.
At the first stage of alcohol consumption prevention, the head of the medical service of a military unit conducts an instructor session with representatives of the unit sent to military commissariats for young replenishment. In the lesson, special attention is paid to the knowledge of the signs of neuropsychic instability and mental disorders.
Upon arrival at the assembly points, representatives of the military unit are required to familiarize themselves with the documents of the conscripts, conduct personal conversations with them, obtain information about the health status of conscripts from medical workers, and personally attend a medical examination. In the process of studying conscripts, special attention is paid to persons recognized by the military medical commission as partially fit for military service, who were under the supervision of a psychiatrist and a neuropathologist, who have suffered brain injuries, who are prone to drinking alcoholic beverages, drugs and toxic substances, who have committed asocial acts.
The study of young recruits must also be carried out on the route to military unit... At this time, attention should be paid to persons violating discipline, showing hot temper, rudeness, aggressiveness, increased resentment, seeking to drink alcohol, strong tea infusions. Upon arrival at the military unit, the senior of the team reports to the officials about the servicemen with behavioral deviations.
The second stage of work on the prevention of alcohol consumption begins from the moment the young recruits arrive at the military unit, subdivision. First of all, it is necessary to study: characteristics from the place of work, study, a card of professional and psychological selection, a medical card, an autobiography and other characterizing documents in order to identify signs that indicate the need to include a soldier in a dynamic observation group.
The most accessible method of work to identify persons with experience of alcohol consumption is observation, which is advisable to use at all stages of prevention. In the process of observation, attention should be paid to the following aspects of the appearance and behavior of a serviceman: facial expressions, features of eye expression; human pantomime - posture, posture, gestures, gait, general motor activity; features of voice and speech - strength and timbre, intonation, tempo, fluency; content characteristics of speech - vocabulary, vocabulary, degree of speech coherence; adequacy of behavior - the degree of adherence to generally accepted norms of behavior, the severity of self-control, the peculiarities of distancing from others; external signs of vegetative-vascular reactions and physiological conditions - redness or blanching of the skin, sweating or dry skin, frequent blinking, twitching of the cheeks, change in the rhythm of breathing, the presence and type of tattoos.
An extremely important measure for the timely identification of persons with experience of alcohol consumption is a medical examination. All traces of damage should be noted in the medical history or medical card: bruises, abrasions, their location, size, color of the bruise as a sign of its prescription. The factors that increase the risk of alcoholic behavior include: a history of congenital diseases, organic brain lesions, developmental delays and deviations; suicidal behavior; neuroses and others mental illness; low resistance to mental overload and stress; experience of using sleeping pills or other psychoactive substances for medical purposes and others.
An introductory conversation in order to identify the circumstances (factors) of life in a soldier that contribute to the risk of alcoholization should be carried out in the following areas:
I. Social portrait of a soldier's personality:
p. 1. Data about childhood and family: information about parents and relatives, hereditary diseases, the nature of family relations, leadership, conflicts in the family and typical ways of resolving them, the characters of family members, relationships with parents in adolescence, material and living conditions ...
p. 2. Preschool and school periods: did the serviceman attend kindergarten or was raised at home; whether he was transferred from one school to another; most common reasons conflicts and ways to resolve them; the depth and focus of hobbies, their stability; academic success, favorite and least favorite subjects. At the same time, the leading character traits of a serviceman are determined starting from childhood, character changes, and currently inherent features.
In addition, in the process of conducting a conversation, it is necessary to pay special attention to the presence of an early traumatic experience of a soldier (including the facts of physical or sexual abuse); various problems and difficulties of the child (adolescent) in adaptation; intolerance to conflicts, ineffective methods of psychological and pedagogical protection; tendency in adolescence to compulsive (obsessive) forms of behavior - overeating, abuse of tea, coffee, tobacco, gambling and computer games, sex addiction; disorganization in working time - the desire to search for new sensations, pleasures against the background of an undeveloped sphere of needs; consumer, hedonistic, utilitarian interests; a tendency to asocial forms of behavior - leaving home, being brought to the police, belonging to informal teenage groups with an asocial orientation; the presence of adult crime bosses, drug addicts, alcoholics, drug dealers in the teenage environment; own experience of illegal trafficking and consumption of narcotic drugs and toxic substances (clarification of the frequency of use and the type of drug, experience of alcohol consumption, clarification of the frequency of use, quantity and type of alcoholic beverages).
p. 3. Formation (socialization of a serviceman): motives for choosing a life path after graduation, the adaptation process, relationships in the team, success in work (study).
II. Serviceman communication:
p. 1. Relationship with members of the opposite sex: age of first attraction, breadth of contacts, motivation for communication, attitude to the problem of creating your own family. If a soldier is a family man, the quantitative composition of the family, living conditions, material security, and community of interests are determined.
p. 2. Sphere of communication of a serviceman: peculiarities of communication at school, at work; the speed of establishing social contacts, their selectivity, the formality or informality of relationships with people, the place in the team (leading, independent, subordinate), the features of his behavior in conflict are analyzed; the breadth and variety of interests, the presence of hobbies, features of free pastime; social characteristics of the main circle of communication.
Risk factors for alcoholization may include the following features of a serviceman: irascibility, impulsivity, inclination to take risks; striving for superiority, self-assertion, aggressiveness, conflict; low self-esteem, self-doubt, poor resistance to mental overload and stress; excessive dependence on a significant person, submission to influence, desire to imitate, lack of criticality; inclination to extraordinary interests and hobbies (mysticism, passion for special spiritual practices), gambling; belonging to some informal organizations, groups, trends.
III. Features of the physical and mental state: what diseases, injuries the soldier suffered in infancy, childhood, adolescence; what chronic diseases suffers; physical and mental state at the time of the conversation; attitude to the use of tobacco, alcohol, drugs.
When identifying at the time of the conversation the physical and mental state, you should pay attention to the circumstances: disturbances in sleep and wakefulness; problems with appetite, weight loss even with excessive appetite; headache; vegetative disorders in the form of chills, constipation, severe sweating, sensations of cold or heat, dry mouth, thirst; susceptibility to frequent mood swings; the predominance of bad mood, irritability, apathy, depression.
At the third stage, work on the prevention of alcohol consumption is concentrated on counteracting the spread of alcohol in a military unit, a subdivision. Priority attention should be paid to military personnel under dynamic surveillance: those with experience in illegal trafficking and consumption of drugs and alcohol; experiencing a feeling of discomfort; exhibiting other forms of deviant behavior.
Practical experience shows that for the timely identification of persons who consume alcohol, the formation of personnel provided for by the daily routine is of great importance; unscheduled, sudden medical physical examinations of personnel; checking the availability of personnel in the evening and free from service, on weekends and holidays, at night time; spot checks in places of work and duty, in storerooms and other utility rooms; in the bathhouse during the washing of personnel and other events.
Alcohol can be purchased in exchange for uniforms, equipment, fuels and lubricants, food, weapons, ammunition and other military equipment.
In the memoirs of war veterans and home front workers about the prices of the war, prices for vodka or moonshine often appear. In our country, the price of vodka has always been one of the most important social factors... It is quite true that the Russian person compares everything with the cost of vodka. It is difficult to argue with this thesis. But during the war years there was also the practice of issuing vodka to the troops for free, along with other types of allowance.
There is a fairly traditional idea that “during the war they gave the“ People's Commissar's norm ”- 100 grams of vodka. "Combat 100 grams" was even sung in songs. Meanwhile, during the war, the principles of dispensing vodka changed several times. Moreover, there was an attempt to use vodka, like money, as a kind of incentive for military success.
The practice of dispensing vodka among the troops was formed during the Finnish war. The famous Soviet actor Yuri Vladimirovich Nikulin, who served in anti-aircraft artillery, recalled: “As soon as the Finnish war began, we were given one hundred grams of vodka a day every day. I tried to drink somehow, it became disgusting. The vodka was supposed to have fifty grams of lard, which I loved, and therefore I willingly changed the portion of vodka for lard. It was only on December 18, 1939 that I drank the required front-line one hundred grams: on that day I turned eighteen."During the Great Patriotic War, the dispensing of vodka resumed.
According to the "Order on the issuance of vodka to the front line of the active army, 100 grams per day" No. 0320 of August 25, 1941 with On September 1, 1941, it was necessary "to issue 40 ° vodka in the amount of 100 grams per day per person to the Red Army men and the commanding staff of the front line of the active army." It was ordered to ensure the timely delivery of vodka to the front lines of active troops and to organize reliable protection of its reserves in the field.
On May 12, 1942, "Order on the procedure for issuing vodka to the troops of the active army" No. 0373 appeared. It said: “To cease, from May 15, 1942, the mass daily distribution of vodka to the personnel of the army in the field. To keep the daily distribution of vodka only to the military personnel of the front line units who are successful in hostilities, increasing the rate of vodka delivery to 200 g per person per day ... For this purpose, allocate vodka every month at the disposal of the command of the fronts and individual armies in the amount of 20% of the number of troops of the front-army located on the front line. All the rest of the front line servicemen should issue 100 g of vodka per person on the following revolutionary and national holidays: November 7-8, December 5, January 1, February 23, May 1-2, July 19 (National Day of the Athlete), August 16 ( Aviation Day), September 6 (International Youth Day), as well as on the day of the regimental holiday (formation of the unit).
So, instead of 100 grams for everyone at the front since May 15, 1942, 200 grams was supposed, but not for all front-line soldiers, but only for soldiers and commanders from units "having combat successes." For their 200-gram incentive, a 20% vodka reserve was created at the disposal of the commanders of the fronts and individual armies. It must be assumed that a lot of the military, especially the rank and file, realized for the first time in their lives that the National Day of the Athlete and International Youth Day really mean something.
But the order for 200 grams was soon canceled. On June 6, 1942, the State Defense Committee decided: “To keep the daily delivery of 100 g of vodka only to those parts of the front line that conduct offensive operations. All the rest of the front line servicemen should receive 100 g of vodka on revolutionary and national holidays. " Presumably, the norm of 200 grams was considered excessive even for military successes. Yes, and with success in May-June 1942, the matter was not very good. Then the Red Army retreated.
But the troops, deprived of their daily vodka portion, did not want to wait for the International Youth Day and found their own ways to get around the commanding prohibitions. Therefore, on June 12, 1942, Deputy People's Commissar of Defense, Lieutenant General of the Quartermaster Service Khrulev, signed an order "On the procedure for storing and issuing vodka to the troops of the active army."
The order said: “Despite repeated instructions and categorical demands on the issuance of vodka in the active army strictly according to the intended purpose and according to the established norms, cases of illegal issuance of vodka still do not stop. Vodka is issued to headquarters, command personnel and units that do not have the right to receive it. Some commanders of units and formations and command staff of headquarters and directorates, taking advantage of their official position, take vodka from warehouses, regardless of orders and established order. Control over the consumption of vodka by the military councils of the fronts and armies is poorly established. The accounting of vodka in units and warehouses is in an unsatisfactory condition ... Vodka can be dispensed to armies and formations only with the permission of the head of the rear of the Red Army according to instructions General Staff... To store vodka, organize special storage facilities at the front and army food warehouses. Appoint the head of the warehouse and one storekeeper from among specially selected honest, trusted persons who can ensure the complete safety of vodka. Seal storage facilities after receiving and consumable operations, set up a guard. To allocate strictly checked persons to the guard. I charge the military councils of fronts and armies, commanders and military commissars with responsibility for the correct storage, consumption and accounting of vodka, vodka dishes and containers. "
Alas, the strictest measures did not help. Neither specially selected storekeepers "from honest verified persons", nor the commissars could save vodka from theft.
The order on the issue of vodka to military units of the active army from November 25, 1942 No. 0883 of November 13, 1942 read: “In accordance with the decree of the State Defense Committee of November 12, 1942 No. 2507s from November 25, p. d. start issuing vodka to military units of the active army in the following order:
1. In accordance with the decree of the State Defense Committee of November 12, 1942 No. 2507s from November 25, p. d. start issuing vodka to military units of the active army in the following order:
a) 100 grams per person per day: to subunits of units conducting direct hostilities and located in the trenches at the forefront; intelligence units; artillery and mortar units attached to and supporting the infantry and located in firing positions; to the crews of combat aircraft for their combat missions;
b) 50 grams per person per day: regimental and divisional reserves; subunits and units of combat support, performing work at the forefront; units performing important tasks in special cases (construction and restoration of bridges, roads, etc. in especially difficult conditions and under enemy fire), and the wounded, who are in the institutions of the field sanitary service, at the direction of doctors.
2. All servicemen of the active army shall issue vodka in the amount of 100 grams per person per day on the days of revolutionary and public holidays specified by the GKO decree No. 1889 of June 6, 1942
3. On the Transcaucasian Front, instead of 100 grams of vodka, issue 200 grams of fortified wine or 300 grams of table wine; instead of 50 grams of vodka - 100 grams of fortified wine or 150 grams of table wine.
4. The military councils of the fronts and armies, by orders of the front, the army, establish monthly limits for the issuance of vodka to armies - units and make the consumption within the limits set for each month.
5. In spending the monthly limit of vodka, the fronts should report to the Main Directorate of Food Supply of the Red Army to obtain the limit for the next month.
If the fronts fail to submit a report and vodka is consumed by the 10th of the past month, the head of the Main Directorate of Food Supply of the Red Army for the next month will not ship vodka to the fronts that did not submit a report.
6. Establish a limit on the consumption of vodka for the fronts from November 25 to December 31, 1942 according to the appendix.
7. To the head of the Main Directorate of Food Supply of the Red Army, brigade engineer comrade Pavlov and the Chief of the Military Communications of the Red Army, Major General of the Technical Troops Comrade To Kovalev vodka in quantities stipulated by the limit, deliver to: South-West; Don and Stalingrad fronts - by November 16, the rest of the fronts - by November 20. g.
8. The head of the Main Directorate of Food Supply of the Red Army shall establish constant control over the consumption of vodka in strict accordance with this order.
9. Military councils of the fronts and armies to organize the return of empty vodka containers to vodka factories and bottling centers of the People's Commissariat for Food Industry attached to the fronts. Military units; those who have not returned the vodka should not be released.
1 0. Order to put into effect by telegraph
In modern russian army the problem of alcoholism is very acute. Thus, according to statistics for 2007, every fourth serviceman who comes to the attention of psychiatrists suffers or. The largest number of alcohol-related diseases that caused the dismissal of servicemen were registered in Siberia and in Far East... If we trace the relationship between the type, type of troops and the number of dismissals due to alcoholism, it turns out that alcohol is most abused in the Navy and Ground forces, the least abused in the Airborne Forces and the Strategic Missile Forces. Alcoholism is a disease that sneaks up on you. And how scary it is if this disease penetrates into those structures from which society is waiting for protection! The problem of alcoholization of the Russian army is obvious today. What are its origins, the main reasons? And is there a solution?
From the history.From the era of Peter the Great, the creator of the regular Russian army, alcohol up to late XIX century was part of the diet of a Russian serviceman, be it an ordinary soldier or an officer. In the very first military regulations, created under Peter the Great, the use of alcohol in the army was already regulated. In this charter, a soldier on a campaign was supposed to have two glasses of bitter wine a day. In addition, in connection with the outbreak of the Northern War, the soldiers were also supposed to have beer. At the beginning, its rate was 2 edges, which corresponds to four liters, but later the rate dropped to one edge, i.e. 2 liters. It is not surprising that the first stage of the Northern War for the Russian army turned out to be full of military failures. Later, up to the beginning of the XX century, alcohol in the Russian army was freely sold and given out to soldiers and officers. This attitude towards alcohol in the army contributed to the formation of certain alcoholic traditions in this structure.
Causes.One of the main reasons for the alcoholization of the army is the prevailing alcoholic traditions among the military. It is no secret that even today many army traditions are certainly associated with a feast and frequent alcohol consumption. For example, "pouring in" into the team, washing military awards and titles, covering the glades on the occasion of leaving on vacation or promotion, all these holidays are celebrated on a "grand scale", with abundant refreshments and drinking a very large amount of alcohol. So, by the way, when washing the next military rank, in army circles it is customary to throw stars from shoulder straps into a 250-gram faceted glass filled with vodka and drink it in one gulp. In this case, you can remember the history and how the use of such doses of alcohol ends.
After the next such feast, a person can go to. But in cases with the army, going into a binge in some cases becomes simply impossible, therefore, officers in the army often suffer from so-called pseudo binges. How does it manifest itself? Every time after a binge in the morning, a person feels an urgent need to get drunk, he cannot do anything, and alcohol serves as a kind drug, allowing him to restore his strength. However, after he is hungover, he has an irresistible urge to continue drinking. And the officer, either goes to service drunk, or simply even skips the service.
Another reason can be considered the peculiarity of carrying military service... Military service is most often accompanied by not positive emotions. A person is in tension, fear, and in such a situation, the natural defensive reaction of a person is the desire to switch from negative to positive. Alcohol helps to do this as quickly as possible. Many of the servicemen perceive alcohol precisely as the main means of relieving stress, forgetting that the systematic use of alcohol, even in the smallest quantities, leads to alcoholism.
Solutions. how are inclined to believe that most specialists need comprehensive measures to solve the problem of alcoholization in the Russian army. On the one hand, it is necessary to conduct targeted preventive work among young officers, and promote a healthy lifestyle among servicemen. On the other hand, the active work of invited specialists to identify among the military personnel with alcoholism on early stages and their treatment. For example, the US army, faced with the problem of alcoholism among the military in 2004, when in an urgent
Any military conflict is, for the servicemen participating in it, a series of stressful situations. Stress accompanies a soldier or officer in "everyday trench life." Getting into a zone of military conflict, a person is in constant stress and tension - he experiences anxiety, anxiety, oppression, fear, uncertainty. And some soldiers, in order to alleviate their psychological state, use alcohol.
The risk of being killed or wounded, the loss of colleagues and many other things leave their mark on the psychological portrait of a person, and the situation is aggravated by the overwhelming and omnipresent sense of danger. Any normal person feeling an excess of adrenaline or apathy will try to relieve stress. Any available way. Moreover, sometimes the life of the whole team depends on the psychological health of one person.
Remembering the memoirs of soldiers of the Army and Corps Marine Corps The United States, who fought in Vietnam, and their stories that the use of alcohol and soft drugs among those who served there was a normal phenomenon, many are wondering why? Why does drunkenness flourish among the soldiers of regular military formations during hostilities, sometimes on an astronomical scale? Any person who has gone through the hell of a local military conflict will give you the answer: "We drink so as not to go crazy." Once a psychologist conducting classes with us on the topic of which was: "Human behavior in a stressful situation", said: "- In the right proportions, alcohol is an anti-stress drug, if only because it helps most people to relax.", But any military doctor will tell you and about the consequences of drinking alcohol in a war zone, now I will give examples that I myself have heard about.
So first: in a state of intoxication, you will not be able to be attentive and adequately respond to situations that arise. This is true, in a state of intoxication, a person disrupts not only the work of the brain, but also motor functions. However, communicating with veterans of military operations in the North Caucasus, I learned one interesting point, I quote: “Well, how not to drink? We drank. Everyone drank, both soldiers and officers, but without fanaticism, and as our commander said: "Not to the detriment of service." They drank mainly in the rear, after the rotation of units, and on the line of contact, no, no, although there were "thugs", but they did not make money for a long time "
Second: in a state of intoxication in combat conditions, you pose a danger not only to yourself, but also to those around you. Conflicts with other military personnel may arise with undesirable consequences. Indeed, recalling almost any conflict, one can find mention of such "non-combat" losses. This happened in Vietnam and Afghanistan, it happened in Iraq and in the North Caucasus. Now soldiers of the Armed Forces of Ukraine are stepping on this rake. In the men's team, when everyone has a weapon in their hands, you need to be extremely careful. Losing control over yourself as a result of alcohol intoxication is very easy. So one of my acquaintances told something similar: “At one of the“ blocks ”there was a case, in the evening a company of demobels gathered as they said“ sit ”, in general they went too far, and already on a drunken bench they began to change the jambs to each other, well, they recalled. One apparently wanted to scare a friend, pointed a machine gun at him, removed the safety catch and pressed the trigger. Instead of a click and laughter, a shot rang out. The machine was loaded. So it goes"
And here is what military doctors say on this topic: “The influence of alcohol leads to a change in sensations, behavior and speech (there is emancipation, disinhibition, violation of the sense of distance, a desire to sort things out,“ to avenge an offense ”). After drinking, calmer people go to sleep, others are drawn to "adventures", and some simply explode, become aggressive, cannot control themselves, are capable of causing physical harm. Therefore, after drinking alcohol, people often commit antisocial acts - fights and murders (and sometimes suicides). "
Third: no one will bring high-quality and certified alcohol to the combat zone, the military logistics of any country does not take this into account, although it is worth noting the alternative, for example, this is a centralized supply of alcohol, and the suppression of unauthorized seizure (for example, the operation of the NKVD to seize and guard the distillery in Crimea ) that's why alcohol remains to be taken only from “local” ones, I won't even talk about the quality of “local” alcohol. Drinking cheap low-quality alcohol can have negative health consequences (liver, kidney, heart disease, general intoxication of the body) up to death. During the hostilities in the North Caucasus, many servicemen were poisoned by low-quality alcohol of local production. Here's what I heard: “At first they took moonshine from the locals, it seemed like nothing, although it was stale to drink. And then they began to take alcohol, also from the locals, there was no moonshine, or maybe they were jamming us. Such a lazy fellow, this shmurdyak even smelled somehow in a special way. We jokingly called him: "One hundred grams before the ulcer"
Fourth: here it should be noted that drunkenness is the cause of the collapse of discipline, the refusal to follow orders, and attempts to get alcohol on their own are factors of additional risk of risk.
One psychologist made the following statement in his lectures: “There is only one situation when a person has no choice - if alcohol is forced into his mouth. In all other cases, a person makes a decision independently. " In fact, many people who took part in the hostilities were not given this choice. They did not have the opportunity to turn to a psychotherapist for advice or a psychiatrist to prescribe a particular drug. Sometimes, having lost their comrades during the fighting, they had no one to talk to. Here is another quote from the memoirs “Sometimes, when we returned from the“ combat ”, there was not even a thought“ not to drink ”, other thoughts were spinning in my head:“ I will drink and turn off, let everything be as it will be ... I have no influence on anything. I am not responsible for anything ... "and these thoughts made it easier."
And what about the "fathers of commanders"? In such cases, it was necessary to recall the charter and instructions, such as: “The commander must be an example for his soldiers and have authority. A commander who drinks alcohol himself cannot be an authority for his subordinates, he cannot lead them and wait for orders to be executed. The commander must be able to talk to people and help them cope with difficulties. " But in the realities of hostilities, completely different instructions are dictated. And theory is sometimes very different from practice.
On this moment almost all experts grit their teeth agree on one thing - during the war, alcohol is an effective destructor. The only alternative to alcohol I knew was Pervitin, which was centrally used by the Wehrmacht and later adopted by the United States in Korea and Vietnam. However, he had no success.
Now let's talk about why alcohol is popular as a stress reliever. More than 30% of alcohol is retained in nerve cells brain. As a result of one strong intoxication, up to 20 thousand brain cells die. 85% of people who drink in moderation and 95% of alcohol addicts have a decrease in the cerebral cortex. At the same time, there is a decrease in mental abilities. The brain is supplied with blood approximately 16 times better than the muscles of the limbs. Thus, alcohol poisoning of the brain is faster and stronger than its effect on the muscles.
However, I repeat, the conduct of hostilities does not dispose to conduct a scientific dispute, therefore it will be simply useful for any person to know what alcohol is capable of, and what its properties are mythical.
The first and most famous myth is that alcohol can help you keep warm. The categorical "NO!" any person who is at least somehow familiar with medicine will say this. Let me explain that this myth is associated with the effect of ethanol on the physiological reactions of the body. Once in the blood, ethanol rapidly expands the peripheral vessels, which is why heat is released and the skin is warmed. But, due to the same effect, the body cools down quickly (if you are not in a warm room), and very soon the feeling of warming is replaced by general hypothermia. It is for this reason that people in a state of intoxication often froze or froze their limbs in trenches or other positions without even noticing it.
Another myth is that alcohol increases working capacity, the use of alcohol not only does not stimulate the activity of the body, but also inhibits and inhibits it. People who have "drunk a little" can really increase the speed of thinking and motor activity. But these reactions can often be wrong. Even small doses of alcohol cause a decrease in concentration and impair the quality of the conclusions that a person makes.
In the war they drank, they drink and they will drink. Back in 1914, UK Treasury Secretary David Lloyd George said; “We are fighting the Germans, Austrians and drunkenness, and as far as I can see, the deadliest enemy among them is drunkenness,” and he was damn right in my opinion. Along with the fact that alcohol is a distress, it is the source of many problems. A headache for commanders, and a joy for not a friend. The recent conflict in Ukraine is an example of this, officially every sixth non-combat loss of the Armed Forces of Ukraine is associated with alcohol abuse ... Not officially, every fourth. In this case, everyone must draw conclusions himself.