Presentation on the topic "Northeast Crimea". Natural Zones of Crimea North Eastern Zone Crimea
Northeast Crimea is perhaps the most unknown and low-transferable region of Crimea. But in this distant corner you can find a lot of interesting and unusual. This is a place for those who pave a road to themselves. Recommended transportation - bike, moto or quad bike, SUV or regular passenger car. GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION
Features of Nature-Eastern Crimea Plan Characteristic Relief, Mineral Resources Relief Plain. North-Crimea lowland. North-Kazantipian and East Kazantipsk Gas fields. Climatic conditions Characterized by climate moderate belt With snowy and windy in winter, short spring, hot and dry summer and rainy autumn. The temperature is--2.3, the summer annual precipitation amount from 340 -350 mm. Inland waters Wet indole, chudridge, bick-karasa, dry indole chestnut, soloncasters, meadow Vegetable world Wormwood, Typika, Chamomile, Oak, Grab Animal world Lark, partridge, quail Vauduk, Lizard, Oh, Suslik, Polevka hamster
The State Botanical Reserve "Prysivashsky" in it is under the protection of the virgin step with medicinal plants, including extensive thickets of daisies pharmacy - valuable and very popular medicinal plant No less benefit for health has a lake Sivash, framing the reserve ..
Agarchichsky Forest for more than 200 years. In 1964, he was declared protected. Beech, Oak, Grab - the main breeds of the old Academy of Sciences. Here are under the protection of a unique Crimean beech, rare view Grab - East Grab and Two Oak Varieties: Fluffy and Rocky.
Sivash - the shore of the bay is extremely disseminated and tortuous. The coastline does not have clear, stable outlines and creates a picture of a complex natural labyrinth. Most of the narrow, elongated in the northeast direction of the peninsulas are called "TUADS" or "KUTS", and temporarily fill due to the Sushi plots - "droughts"
Mount Agarchich is a classic Mediterranean type career. Water, dissolving limestone, forms a variety of grotto wells, mines, caves. Here is the interesting cave "bottomless well". The entrance to this cave is closed with a reinforced concrete slab. Bottomless well opened mine. It is a failure, with a diameter with a diameter of 4 m, from the bottom of which begins with a 38 meter expanding book of mine. At the bottom of the muffin, the walls are separate on the walls. Regarding this cavity there are many legends who have been reflected in its names. The main feature is an increase in the warm concentration of carbon dioxide to life-threatening (up to 4% by volume). Record content of CO2 7.62%. Descent only in an insulating gas mask. The oxygen content drops to 1416%. In winter, the concentration of carbon dioxide decreases. "
The Arabat Arrow - from the Akmonai Carm in the north-western direction, a narrow and long (113 km) of the braid extends. She separates OT. Azov Sea Its shallow and very salty (up to 200 pm) lagoon - Sivash. The Arabat Spit consists mainly of an embossed material, width from 270 meters to 8 kilometers.
Nizhnegorsky Nizhny Russian (until 1944 Semitler; Krymskotat. Seyitler, Seiiteler) Urban type village in the priercecassian steppe region of the Republic of Crimea, Center of Nizhnegorsky district. The largest and most significant enterprises of Nizhnegorsky include a factory for the production of feed, juices, oils, different croup, flour and fruit and vegetable canned food. The village has a breadcrumb and organizations that provide housing and communal services. Numerous minor enterprises of Nizhnegorsky are engaged in trading and construction activitiesCremScotat. Republic of Crimea of \u200b\u200bNizhnegorsky district
Soviet (up to 1944 Ichka, Crimeanskotat. İçki) Urban-type settlement in the Soviet District of the Republic of Crimea of \u200b\u200bRussia (Autonomous Republic of Crimea). In the village there are aselnergo, Raigrostroy, incubator-poultry enterprise and other local enterprises that are engaged in the service of agricultural enterprises of the area. The greatest enterprises: Bread products combine, winery, printing house. There are 449 enterprises in the district. Commercial services of the population are carried out by enterprises of consumer cooperation and entrepreneurial structures. Krymskotat. The city of the urban type of the Soviet district of the Republic of Crimea of \u200b\u200bRussia Autonomous Republic of Crimea
Kirov Kikurovsky (until 1945 Islam Terek; Krymskotat. İslâm Terek, Islam Terek) urban-type settlement in the east of Crimea. Center of the Kirov district of the Republic. The population is about 7 thousand people. Industrial equipment The village is represented by such enterprises: OATP "Kikurov repair and transport enterprise" (mechanical engineering and metalworking), typography, OATP "Kirovsky feeding plant". Crymskotat. Kirovsky district
The economic activity of the districts of the North-Eastern Crimea is based on the economy - agricultural production. IN last years In the area there are active work on the development of the sphere of tourism and recreation. Especially promising are territories on the coast of Sivas. A variety of natural landscapes (floodplain, braids, shallow water, cane thickets), deposits of unique healing mud, the presence of fish ponds, a large concentration of hunting bird species - all these factors create a favorable ground for development in the area of \u200b\u200brecreational and tourist activities (primarily commercial tourism) . Rural ("green") tourism is developing a rapid pace, which is also due to favorable natural conditions. Much attention is paid to the development of folk crafts, mainly related to the processing of stovety products.
The archaeological sites of the northeastern Crimea primarily these are mounds - the so-called "Pyramids of the Steve" one of them - Nogaichinsky Kurgan at the village of Chervonoy (Nizhny Russian District) - in 1974 he pleased with a unique find. A woman's burial was discovered, which allegedly lived at the end of the second century BC. - First Century AD The head of a woman walked Golden Diadem, the neck decorated the massive golden hryvnia with the image of Griffins, the gold brooch was resting on his chest, and there were bracelets, and the brushes were decorated with precious stones. Wooden caskets contained golden sticks for incense, beads, clasp In the form of Dolphin
Old Crimea is a city in the eastern part of the Crimea. The population is about 10 thousand people. The main attractions of the city are the construction of the XIIIXIV centuries, when Kyrym was the center of the Crimean Yurt. Well preserved to the present day the currently operating mosque of Khan Uzbek. In the eastern part of the city, the ruins of the mint, caravan-shed and mosques of Kurshum-Jami are located, and a medieval Armenian monastery of Surb-Khach (Holy Cross) is located 5 kilometers to the west of the old Crimea (Holy Cross), which began in recent years. In addition, there is an ethnographic museum in the city dedicated to the culture of the Crimean Tatar people. Aservation of the Armenian Monastery of Surb Khach (Holy Cross)
Khana Uzbek Mosque in the town of Old Crimea Khan Uzbek, who joined the goldordin throne in 1312, becoming an adherent of Islam, ordered to build a beautiful mosque and the Higher Muslim Spiritual School - Madrasa. The construction of the mosque was started in 1314. According to the Turkish traveler, Evilie Chelebi, in the years at the Menglyiree, Imethe was a cathedral. Now the mosque is a rectangular in the plan of the Basilical type building with the entrance from the north and built into the northeast corner of the minaret. The longitudinal axis of the building is oriented towards the North-South, so that the faith in the building is orthodox, praying their south, towards Mecca.
Surb-Khach Surb-Khach - Armenian monastery. The church that bears the name of Surb-Nshan was built in 1358, in the time of the Armenian colonization of the Crimea. Later, Gavot (Fitter) with bell tower was attached to the temple. And in 1719, the brotherly case with cashels for monks. The monastery is more like a fortress than a humble abode. Windows as a loophole, and from the bell tower, like a guard tower, while the forest did not survive the monastery, the driveway was visible.
Green Museum in the Old Crimea The Museum Exposition is two small rooms. One of them is preserved completely in pristine form. Alexander Stepanovich died here. The iron bed at the window, the couch, on which the bed of the patient duty Nina Nikolaevna Green, a plaque of the skin, an old alarm clock, a vase for flowers. In the second room of the book, manuscripts, old photos with the views of the old Crimea and Kara.
House Museum K.G. The paustic museum is in the house with a shady old garden. Here the writer stopped in e. In support of this, an original open-air exposition is a wonderful garden, which presents quotes from the works of Powest. As if the writer himself tells the visitor about his favorite corner. In four halls recreated the typological interior of the provincial Meshchansky home of the beginning of the twentieth century., Exposed exposure telling about the life and creative path of the paustovsky.
Toponyms of the Northeast Crimea Agarchschich - "Whismer"; Mountain array in the Crimea, the most east End Internal ridge Crimean Gor Seitler - the village of Nizhny Russian Sivash- "Lipsky" Surb-Khach-Khach-Khach-Khach-Khach - translated from the Armenian "Holy Cross"
Old Crimea - City Museums Museum Complex of the city Literary and Art House-Museum A. S. Green House-Museum K. Pauxt Museum of Culture and Life Tatars Museum of History and Region Memorial Places of the Old Crimea Memorial Complex Medieval Church Mosque Sultan Beibars Mosque Uzbek and Madras Mosque Kurskhaum jami ruins Caravan-shed source Sv. Panteleimon Ancient Cemetery Memorial Complex Medieval Church Mosque Sultan Bebars Mosque of Uzbek and Madrasa Mosque Kurshum-Jami Ruins Caravan-Sarash Source Source Panteleimon Ancient Cemetery, incl. --- The grave of Alexander Green --- the grave of Yulia Druninamogil Alexander Greenamogil Yulia Drunina Memory historical places Northeast Crimea
GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION
Northeast Crimea, perhaps the most
Unknown and low-transmitted region
Crimea. But in this distant corner you
You can find a lot of interesting and
unusual. This is a place for those who
Putting
expensive
To myself
Himself.
Recommended
view
Transportation
bicycle,
Moto.
or
quad bike
SUV or ordinary light
a car.
plan
characteristic
Relief,
Mineral
resources
Relief is plain. North-Crimea lowland.
North Kazantipheskoe and East Kazantipsk
Gas field.
Climatic
conditions
Characterized by a climate of a moderate belt with snowy
and windy winter, short spring, hot and dry
in summer and rainy autumn. The temperature is -2.3,
Summer - +23. The annual precipitation amount from 340-350 mm.
Inland waters
Wet indole, chudridge, bick-karasu, dry indole
Soil
Chestnuts, salt marsh salon, meadow
Vegetable world
Wormwood, Typika, Chamomile, Oak, Grab
Animal world
Lark, partridge, quail Vijuk, lizard, already
Suslik, Polevka hamster The geographical center of Crimea
In Nizhnegorsk district there is its own "highlight". Also in
Soviet times here, in the village of Hawtop was
Installed sign "Geographical Center Crimea" State Botanical Reserve
"Prysivashsky"
It is under the protection of the virgin step with medicinal
plants, including extensive thickets of daisies pharmacy - valuable and
very popular medicinal plant not less benefit for
Health has a lake Sivash framing the reserve. . Agarchich Forest
More than 200 years. In 1964, he was declared protected.
Beech, Oak, Grab - the main breeds of the old Academy of Sciences.
Here are under the protection of a unique Crimean beech,
Rare View of Grab - East Grab and Two Varieties
Oak: fluffy and rocky. Sivash - the shore of the bay is extremely disseminated and tortuous.
The coastline does not have clear, stable outlines and
Creates a picture of a complex natural labyrinth. Big
Part of the narrow stretched in the northeast direction
Peninsulas are called "TYUDES" or "KUTIS", and
Temporarily fill due to savory
Sushi plots - "droughts" Mount Agarchich is a classic Mediterranean type career. Water, dissolving
Limestone, forms a variety of grotto wells, mines, caves. Here
There is an interesting cave "bottomless well". The entrance to this cave is closed.
reinforced concrete slab. The bottomless well is a revealed mine. Presents
a failure to the chamber with a diameter of 4 m, from the bottom of which begins
38 meter expanding Shakhty Book. At the bottom - a boulder naval, on the walls
- Separate battles. About this cavity there are many legends found
Reflection in its names. The main feature is an increase in the warm period
Concentration of carbon dioxide to life-threatening (up to 4 vol.%). Record
CO2 content - 7.62%. Descent only in an insulating gas mask. Content
Oxygen drops to 1416%. Winter concentration
Carbon dioxide decreases. " Arabat arrow -
From the Akmonai isthmus in the north-western direction
A narrow and long (113 km) braid extends. She separates OT
The Sea of \u200b\u200bthe Sea is shallow and very salty (up to 200
PROMILLY) Lagoon - Sivash. Arabat Spit consists mainly
From the shell material, width from 270 meters to 8 kilometers. Herbas of districts Nizhnegorsky
Nizhny Ransky (until 1944 Semitler; Krymskotat. Seyitler, Seitler) -
urban type in the pristerish steppe region of the Republic of Crimea,
Center of Nizhnegorsky District. The largest and most significant enterprises
Nizhnegorsky includes a factory for the production of feed, juices,
Oils, different croup, flour and fruit and vegetable canned food. There is a village
Bread plant and organizations providing housing services. Numerous small enterprises of Nizhnegorsky
are engaged in trade and construction activities Soviet
(Until 1944 - Ichka, Crimeanskotat. İçki) - urban settlement
type in the Soviet Oil Republic of the Crimea of \u200b\u200bRussia (autonomous
Republic of Crimea). In the village there are Cellnergo-, Raiagrostroy-,
Incubator-poultry enterprise and other enterprises of local
values \u200b\u200bthat are engaged in agricultural service
enterprises of the area. The largest enterprises: Bread products combine,
Winery plant, typography. In the area acts
449 enterprises. Commercial service of the population is carried out
Consumer Cooperation Enterprises and Entrepreneurial
Structures. Kirovskoye
-Terek; Crimeskotat. İslâm Terek, Islyam
Kirovsky (until 1945 Islam
Terek) - urban-type settlement in the east of Crimea. Center Kirovsky
Republic of the Republic. The population is about 7 thousand people. Industry
The village is represented by such enterprises: OATP "Kirovskoye
repair and transport
company"
(Mechanical Engineering
and
Metalworking), printing house, OATP "Kirovsky feed
factory". Economic activities of districts
Northeast Crimea
At the heart of the economy
- Agricultural production.
In recent years, active work is underway in the area
spheres of tourism and recreation. Especially promising are
Territory on the coast of Sivas. Variety of natural
landscapes (floodplains, braids, shallow water, cane thickets),
deposits of unique healing mud, the presence of fish ponds,
Big concentration of hunting bird species - all these factors
Create a favorable ground for development in the recreational and
tourist activity (primarily commercial tourism).
Rural ("green") tourism develops a rapid pace
Also due to favorable natural conditions. Great
attention is paid to the development of folk crafts, mainly
Related processing of grinding products. Archaeological sites of the North-Eastern Crimea
First of all, these are mounds - the so-called "pyramids of the steppes" one of them
- Nogaichinsky Kurgan at the village of Chervonoy (Nizhnegorsky district) - in 1974
Pleased with a unique find. A woman's burial was detected,
which allegedly lived at the end of the second century BC. - First Century AD
Woman's head walked golden diadem, neck decorated massive golden
hryvnia with the image of Griffins, the gold brooch was resting on his chest, on hand and
The legs were bracelets, and the hands are decorated with precious stones residues
Wooden casket contained golden sticks vials for incense,
Beads, ranging from rhinestone in the form of a dolphin City Old Crimea - Tourist "Mecca" Kirovsky
District Old Crimea is a city in the eastern part of the Crimea.
Population
-
about
10
thousand
person.
Main
Attractions
cities
are
buildings of the XIII-XIV centuries when Kyrym was the center
Crimean yurt. Well preserved to this day now
The acting mosque of Khan Uzbek. In the eastern part of the city
The ruins of the mint, caravan shed and
Mosques Kurskhaum jami, and 5 kilometers west of the old
Crimea is the medieval Armenian Monastery of Surbhach (Holy Cross), the revival of which began in
last years. In addition, in the city is located
ethnographic
Museum,
Dedicated
Culture
Crimean Tatar people. Mosque Khan Uzbek in the city of Old Crimea
Han
Uzbek,
Entered
on the
Goldenopinsky throne in 1312, becoming
an adherent of Islam, ordered to build in
Solut beautiful mosque and higher
Muslim spiritual School Madrasa. The construction of the mosque was
Started in 1314. By message
Turkish traveler Evia Cheleby,
in
1512-1513
years
for
Menglygin Imet was a cathedral. Now
Mosque is a rectangular
In terms of basilical type with
inlet from the north and built-in in
northeastern
angle
Minaret.
The longitudinal axis building is oriented in
Sever-South direction, so that
located in the Orthodox building
Praying, the faces of their south, in
Mecca side. Surb-Khach.
Surb-Khach.
Armenian
monastery. Church wearing
name
SURB-NSHAN,
was
Built in 1358, in
Time
Armenian
Colonization of the Crimea. Later,
Gavit was attached to the temple
(Fitting) with bell tower. A B.
1719 - Bratsky Corps with
Celia
for
Monks.
The monastery is more like
fortress than humble
Resident. Windows - like loopholes,
and from the bell tower like
Watchtower while forest
did not survive the monastery was
A driveway is visible. Green Museum in the Old Crimea
The museum's exposition is two
Small rooms. One of them is saved
Completely original. Here
Alexander Stepanovich died. Iron
bed at the window, the couch on which
Bed of patient on duty nina
Nikolaevna Green, Barcuccia Skura, old
Alarm clock, a vase for flowers. In the second
room - books, manuscripts, old
Photos with the views of the old Crimea and Karadaga. House Museum K.G. Powesty
The museum is in the house with
Shady old garden. Here
The writer stopped in the 1950s. In confirmation of it
Created
Original
Exposition
under
Open
sky - a wonderful garden, in
which are presented quotes
From the works of the paustovsky.
Like
Self
writer
tells the visitor O.
your favorite corner. IN
four
Hall
recreable
typological
interior
Provincial Meshansky
Houses of the beginning of the twentieth century, deployed
Exposure telling about
life and creativity
Paustovsky. Toponyms of the northeast Crimea
Agarchich - "Whismer"; Mountain Massif B.
Crimea, the easternmost part of the inner ridge
Crimean Gor
Seitler - Nizhnegorsky village
Sivash- "Lipsky"
Surb-Khach distorted from Armenian
Surb-Khach - Translated from the Armenian "Holy Cross" Memorable historical places of the Northeast Crimea
Old Crimea - City of Museums
Museum complex of the city
Literary and artistic
House Museum A. S. Green
House Museum K. Powest
Museum of Culture and Life Tatars
Museum of History and Regional
Memorial Places of the Old Crimea
Memorial Complex
Medieval church
Mosque Sultan Beibars
Mosque of Uzbek and Madrasa
Mosque Kurschum jami
Ruins Caravan Sarag
Source St. Panteleimona
Starocrym cemetery, incl.
--- The grave of Alexander Green
--- The grave of Yulia Drunk
Crimea is rich in recreational resources. His geographical position and weather Created conditions for the formation of unique biological complexes. What exactly, consider in this article.
Natural zones of the Crimean Peninsula
Three main natural zones are distinguished:
- steppes;
- high-rise region;
- trestious evergreen forests (Mediterranean).
Fig. one. Detailed map Natural zones of Crimea
Most of the peninsula rank steppes. This is a flat territory, fully mastered by man. In the northeast, semi-desert steppes and salt marshes are closer to the Azov sea.
The biggest richness of the plain part of the Crimea is his fertile land. It is represented by chernozem and dark chestnut soils. To date, 70% of the territory of the steppe is mastered by man. Here are plantations of corn, rice, wheat, sunflower, and grapes.
Fig. 2. Vineyards in Crimea
Among the plants are prevailed by Kovyl, Ticacc, perennial cereals. The spring field is hidden by plantations of amazing colors: tulips, iris. Animals will fall in minks. These are gopters, tushkars, ferrets, hamsters, various mice. Many steppe birds.
Natural zones of mountainous arrays
Foothurines represented by forest-stepm. The main representative of this part is oak. Also many other Mediterranean plants: Maple, Hawthorn, Bearinglet, Pistachios, Turn.
On the northern and southern slopes of the main ridge of the mountains - wide forests. Soil here - mining and forest. A special place on the tops of the mountains is given to the Crimean Pine. This tree is low, but with a very wide and empty crown.
Fig. 3. Landscape in Crimea
Yaylah is covered by mountain steppes and meadows. The soils are appropriate: mining and mountain-meadow. Flora is represented by cereal steppe plants, meadow flowers. Spring iala is covered with crocuses, Edelweisss are often covered.
Yayyi is the Turkic name of pastures on the mountain peaks.
Coastline Crimean Peninsula Covered with dry juniper-oak forests and shrubs typical of the Mediterranean climate. Plants grow on brown soils. Among the unique species there are: Derizhetyevo, Sumy, Skumpiya, Podanenik, Walnut, Almond.
Many species of animals of the mountain Crimea are completely exterminated by a person. Right now in wildlife You can meet only a deer and a roof, boar and mouflon. Predators are even less: Cute, Fox, Lask.
What did we know?
Crimea is a rich fertile region, fully mastered by man. Wild forests In this region, it is practically no left, and all unique animals live in reserves. At the same time, here is very rich nature: the steppe edge in the north of the peninsula, the most beautiful largest forests on the southern and northern slopes of the mountain range and the amazing hot Mediterranean region on the very coast of the Black Sea.
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In 1475, Ottomans were walked for three days and gave her the name Keff, a Scheduia stood a little longer, but she moved to the Turks, becoming Sudak. Kerch as part of the Ottoman Empire was called the city of the Creek, who quickly fell into decay, often exposed to Cossack raids.
Meanwhile, the Crimean Peninsula is interested Russian state. The Ottoman Empire understood that it was necessary to strengthen its position and at the beginning of the XVIII century. Initiated the construction of the ENI-KALAL Fortress. But in 1774, the fortress and Kerch became property Russian EmpireSince 1783, the whole Crimea belonged to Russia.
Life and worldview of the peoples of the Eastern Crimea
As we see, the history of the Eastern Crimea is literally overflowing with events. At the same time, you should not forget that the past is primarily the life and activities of specific people who produced something and left behind the traces of their existence.
The first inhabitants of the Eastern Crimea were fed due to hunting and collecting. Neanderthals lived in the caves, dressed in clothes made from the skins of killed animals, firing meat, roasted on the fire. In the era of Mesolitis, the ancient residents of the Crimea have already had onions and arrows, but also used spears and darts, invented earlier. In the lower reaches of the Crimean Rivers, which have fallen into the Azov Sea, there has always been a lot of game, so this part of the East of the peninsula was especially attractive for the first hunters.
Cryanonians have already lived by the generic matriarchny communities, they began to build houses in the form of tents of bones and branches. In addition, the first religious performances and primitive art originated at this stage of history.
The appearance of agriculture during the neolithic period led to the rapid settlement of individual territories. But, even in the era of bronze, there were such inhabitants of the eastern Crimea, which he had a semi-seated lifestyle. Representatives of the yama culture, traces of which were found in the burials located on the outskirts of Feodosia, were cattle. In the burial of these people, scientists found carts on four wheels, which, most likely, were simultaneously with means of movement, and housing.
In the era of early metals, the inhabitants of the Eastern Crimea worshiped the sun, God fertility, they had a cult of bull.
In the first half of 2 thousand to n. e. A significant part of the inhabitants of the East of the Peninsula had housing in the form of dugouts or sonorn. At the end of the bronze of nomads, there was little, but due to the worsening climate in the XI-X centuries. BC e. Settled residents of steppe areas left their native places. The one who remained was forced to return to the occupation of his ancestors - to nomadicism.
Kimmerians lived at the beginning of the era of iron. Their appearance and horse harness completely corresponded. Kimmerian walked in a cafetan tied by a wide belt. Weapons were attached to such clothes. Familiarian-cattle breeders moved behind their breadwinners on wagons. They left some burials, dead relatives more often betrayed the earth in the Kurgans of the Bronze Age. Rare burials of this nation are decorated with sculptures in the shape of a human body with a weapon. Interestingly, the features of the face on such stone statues were not depicted. Apparently due to some religious considerations.
The part of the people who lived in the East Crimea in the Epoch of Late Bronze and could not or did not want to return to the nomadicism, went to the mountain Crimea and in the foothill areas of the peninsula. There migrants built dugouts and sonmills, and eventually began to build ground structures with stone walls. Beams for storing grain are found near such housing. This culture scientists call the Kizil-Kobinskaya and almost converge to the opinion that its representatives were brands.
The inhabitants of the mountainous areas of the Eastern Crimea settled collectively, for several large families, used stucco dishes, and with the arrival of Greeks they met pottery. The deceased dog-cobs was buried in stone boxes, which were towering above the ground.
Unlike most local populations, the Scythians were nomads warriors, so it took the time to learn to treat land and managed to settle. Even their women could oppose the enemy in the case of an impending danger, so it is not surprising that the representatives of these tribes worshiped the God of war. Over time, part of the Scythians switched to a settled lifestyle. Around the settlements of the East Crimea, then multilayer mounds appeared, in which there were crypts of members of a particular family.
The first Eastern Greeks lived in dugouts and twilights. Cities with large houses they built not immediately. About the emergence of antique policies of the Crimea and characteristic features The life of their inhabitants, described in detail in a separate cycle of articles of our site, so we will offer the reader to familiarize yourself with this information. In the III century. BC e. Greeks needed to think about the safety of their own homes, since the barbarians began to be activated. At that time, Ellina strengthened previously existing settlements, for example, on the land of the village coastal; We built new solid (including on Bick-Yanyushar). However, such actions could not save many settlements around Feodosia, where at the end II - in I century. BC e. There was no one. What happened exactly unknown, but there is an assumption that Bosplarin suffered as a result of a raider of Sarmatov. In i century BC e. Asandra resumed the construction of fortresses. With it, the Kutlak stronghold and strengthening the Solly Valley rose.
As for the religion of the ELLINNs of the Eastern Crimea, they traditionally revered the Gods of Olympus. In Feodosia, the Supreme Divine was Apollo. Dead Ellity betrayed cremation. Christianity began to penetrate into this part of the peninsula in the III-IV centuries., And a little earlier, at the beginning of our era, her population got acquainted with Gnostic teachings.
The Goths of the Eastern Crimea, unlike Ellin, were originally warriors, the Bosporus kingdom even provided them with their vessels. With the help of such ships, the Germans were engaged in piracy. Gradually, everything changed: feeling the taste of peaceful life, the goths forgot about the method of the existence of ancestors, began to equip their own settlements. Crimean nature influenced the Alans in the same way. This wild Sarmatian tribe settled in Crimea for a long time. As mentioned, his representatives in the III century. were the founders of Sughdi, which in the VIII century. became the center of the Christian Bishopath. Alans also lived in the territory of Feodosia.
In that part of the Eastern Crimea, where from the XIII century. Deli Mongol-Tatars, life also stabilized. The capital of Ulus Solhat turned into a city with a developed infrastructure. There lived representatives of various nationalities that settled separate communities. Almost everyone knows that the Tatars who lived in the Crimea have long been adherents to Islam. However, few people know that Muslims spread precisely from Salthat. At the same time, in those areas where Mongol-Tatar was a bit, the seed pagans often took Christianity.
About the way of life of Venetians and Genoeseans is written enough. On our site there is also an article in which it is described in detail about these residents of the Eastern Crimea. Since the population factories was multinational, it confessed different religions. Among the inhabitants of fortresses there were Orthodox and Catholics, representatives of the Armenian Christian Community and Jews. After the Italian fortress of the Crimea occupied the Ottomans, the number of mosques had sharply. These and other lands of the peninsula became an important appendage Ottoman EmpireIstanbul did a lot to ensure that Islam prevailed in the Crimea and Turkish culture spread.
From the end of the XVIII century. Muslims gradually left the Crimea, many Tatars then went to live in Turkey. The authorities of the next owner of the peninsula, the Russian Empire, immediately began to settle down devastants. Russian landowners with their own peasants and European migrants arrived in the eastern Crimea. So in those days, Germans appeared in Sudak, and in Koktebel - Bulgarians. Features of the life of peoples who lived in the East Crimea in different periods of his history, partially survived to this day. The worldview of modern Crimeans is also the symbiosis of various ideas about the universe and the role of a person in it.
Development of agriculture, crafts, industry
and trade in the eastern Crimea
Archaeologists managed to find mesolitic parking near the New World and the north of Sudak, in which there were already caught foals, wild piglets and mountain kids near the dwellings of people. Agriculture and present cattle breeding appeared in Neolithic. At that period of the past, an active settlement of the expanses around the modern Feodosia and the territories of the Kerch Peninsula took place. One of these parking was located at the village of Primorsky.
Residents of the Eastern Crimea, who chose a settling lifestyle for themselves, preferred the cultivation of large cattle. People who did not have time to say goodbye to the nomadicity, more often diluted with small animals. In the bronze age, humanity has already tamed goats, sheep, cows and horses, sowed wheat and barley.
Monuments of the catacomb culture here less, but they also have. This culture is characterized by the transition to a complex agricultural and cattle household. Near the dwellings of its representatives found stone rounded buildings that may be pets for pets. Agricultural and cattle farms existed from representatives of the Kizil-Kobinsky culture.
The Kimmerians were nomads-cattle, so they were not treated land, but mostly fought and raised horses. As for the following inhabitants of the eastern Crimea - Scythians, then from the V-IV centuries. BC e. Significant part of them took up the processing of soil and dilution of livestock. Today it is known that the first agricultural villages of Scythians were located on the Ak-Monaic Isthmus (front) and on the territory of the Kerch Peninsula (Andreevka). In IV century BC e. A large agricultural area was formed around the Feodosia, the borders of which were held at the lower house of the salgir, near the Kuchuk-Kara-Su rivers and Biyuk Kara-Su, went through the Kerch Peninsula to Kazantip, and in the south of the Eastern Crimea ended in the Black Sea. The Scythians of the farmers lived in densely located stone houses, which stood in villages and farms. Grain crops that were grown by Scythians in the east of the Crimean Peninsula, were sold to Greece.
The appearance of the Scyth first was very different from the appearance of the Kimmerian, but over time weapons changed, new decorations began to appear. The archaeologists found other tips of arrows, long swords and helmets made of bronze. To V c. BC e. In the eastern Crimea, decorations were decorated in the animal style. Later, Greek decorations came to replace them.
In the times of ancient colonization of the Eastern Crimea, somewhere in the middle of the VI century. BC e., Began to grow Feodosia. She was destined to become a major port and main shopping center of the peninsula. In this city, even coined their own money. Products from the East Crimea fell into Balkan Greece, in the city of Black Sea, and the Aegean Islands. Many countries of the world delivered their products to the Crimea. However, the Greeks not only traded, they were good fishermen, they knew how to hunt, they were engaged in salt fishery, the manufacture of fabrics, dishes and jewelry, was released by the skin. Hellenes in the East Crimea grown grapes, grain crops, fruits and vegetables, bred domestic cattle. In addition, life forced them to learn carpentry, construction craft and carpentry. Crimean Greeks also had their own vessels.
At the Polovtsy, the role of Sughdi (Sudak) increased. In the X-XIII century. This city was the largest shopping center of Crimea. His port brought goods from Russia, of Eastern Europe and the Eurasian steppes, the Mediterranean courts and ships were swimming there, on board whom were merchants from Western Europe, North Africa, Middle East and other corners of light.
With Mongol-Tatars, there was a lot of trade importance. There it was possible to purchase overseas spices, fabrics, leather, sell wax, fur, honey and much more. At the same time, the city was especially famous for slave markets. Among the slaves of Solhat was the Egyptian Sultan Beybars. In the capital of Crimea, good potters, builders and jewelers were dwelling. There was a mint of the courtyard, whose services even used the Genoese Caffe.
Mongol-Tatars neighbors - Italians were talented artisans. Aliensmen were especially surprised by the wonderful products of Genoese Kamneris. In addition, residents of factories could handle metal, sewed clothes and hats, made decorations that were in demand far beyond the limits of Gazaria. During the period of the Italians in the east of the Crimea again increased economic role Feodosia. She again flourished: she took shopping ships almost from all over the world and sent the local goods for the sea. In the Ottoman period of the history of the Crimea Kaffa remained the same important shopping center of the Northern Black Sea region, continued to grow and develop.
At Osmans, the eastern Crimea became famous for fragrant apples and white cherries from Sudak gardens. The peasants of the whole east coast were engaged in viticulture and gardening, sowed grains and legumes. On the other side of the Black Sea, a fish was valued, caught by residents of the eastern Crimea. Far outside the peninsula knew local shoes, weales, jewelers. Their products were sold in the numerous shops of Kef and Sudak, where you could also purchase honey, butter and other products. There were also slave markets.
In the eastern Crimea during the rule of the Russian empire, grapes were grown and fish were caught. Even at the end of the 18th century, mulberry, lemon trees and other cultures were put in the old Crimea, but the local climate was only like walnuts, almond and tobacco. In Feodosia and in Kerch, they were engaged in the extraction of cook salt. At the turn of the XIX and XX centuries. Feodosia again became a large trading port.
Resorts of the Eastern Crimea, Monuments of History and Architecture
The fact that the eastern Crimea can be a resort zone, the Russians became clear only in the second half of the XIX century. Tatars went to Solhat (the old Crimea) to health, even during the existence of the Crimean ulus. The memories of the Dominican monk d "Ascoli, who stayed in the capital of the Crimea in the first half of the XVII century was preserved. He wrote that every year the Tatars arrive in Spring to the middle of the summer in Solhat, who take healthy hot tubs with herbs and flowers there. D" Ascoli claimed That such baths can heal from many diseases. In the 60s. XIX century They remembered the traditions of ancestors and the old Crimea again became famous as a place for recovery. Since then, people have come to the city, suffering from diseases of the lungs and nerve diseases. At that time, the baths with therapeutic herbs collected outside the settlement began to make.
The resort history of Koktebel began at the end of the XIX century, after the heirs of E. A. Jung decided to sell part of the land earlier. People bought areas and built daches on them. This area knew how to rest the intelligentsia. Before Great Patriotic War In Koktebel, rooms and tourist rooms have already surrendered, in the village there was a cafe "Tuban".
In parallel, the pike perch. Moskvich in 1910 wrote that Tourists of Sudak had the opportunity to swim, ride on both boats, make excipable walks. In 1880, guests had already massively come there, mostly students and intelligentsia, therefore, it was decided to build an area hospital. However, in the XIX century in the eastern part of the peninsula, health facilities were no longer a wonder. For example, since 1813, a city hospital worked in Feodosia, and from 1829 - in Kerch, from 1864 there were ancient medical ambulance.
The history of medicine eastern Crimea takes its beginning during antiquity. Then the local population used healing dirt and sea water To combat various diseases. After the barbaric raids, medicine was revived at the end of the XIII century. Then, in the Genoese, the Hospital of St. John opened in Feodosia (Cafe).
At the beginning of the XX century. It was decided to build the resort of Alexandrid in a Canakian beam in a tract, but the work was going for a long time, and further revolutionary actions were not allowed to complete the conceived. At the time of the First World War, to improve in, the Peninsula began to come to the east of the peninsula. In the same old Crimea opened a small sanatorium. But Civil War interrupted the process of formation of local resorts.
Tourists come to the eastern Crimea not only to become necessary. In this region of the peninsula there is a lot of monuments of history and architecture.
In Feodosia, for example, the Muft Jami Mosque was preserved to this day, erected at Osmans in 1623, the Church of St. Sergius (XIV century), the church in the name of the Holy Great Martyr Ekaterina (1875), Aivazovsky Fountain and many other buildings and architectural Objects, among which in the first place of the ruins of the Kaffa fortress and the Tower of Constantine.
Among the most interesting buildings of Sudak - the Genoese Tower of Choban-Kul and Lutheran Kirch (1887).
In Koktebel tourists always attracts the plant of vintage wines and cognacs, the construction of which began in 1879. The year earlier L.S. Golitsyn opened the winery in a new light, which was destined to become a factory of champagne wines - another attraction of the Eastern Crimea.
In the old Crimea there are also several interesting places - Monastic complex Surb-Khach (mid-XIV century) and Uzbek mosque (1314).
At the Kerch Peninsula there are no less marvelous tourist facilities: the remains of the ancient cities of Panticapy and Nimfei, the royal kurgan (IV century BC), the Turkish Fortress of Yeni-Kale (beginning of the XVIII century) and the Russian stronghold Kerch (the second half of the XVIII in .), As well as a large Mithridate staircase (1832-1840), on the first tier of which you can see a copy of the demeter crypt.
The main trends in the development of culture and
Education Eastern Crimea
The culture of the Eastern Crimea is traditions, architecture, literature, music, painting, photography, cinema ... It is no secret that all this was formed by centuries, thanks to the efforts and talents of representatives of many nations.
As for the architecture, in this part of the peninsula, samples of ancient Greek architecture, monuments of the Venetian-Genoese period of history, Tatar, Armenian, Russian buildings are presented. However, in the XV-XVIII centuries. The Crimea formed a single architectural direction, which can be characterized as the symbiosis of parts brought by Osmans, Armenians and representatives of the Crimean-Tatar people.
Talented architects, as well as philosophers and poets, lived in the East Crimea even during the existence of the Bosporus kingdom. The Greeks introduced the local population with qualitatively new material and cultural values, as a result of which Greco-Scythian-Motor culture appeared. And these values \u200b\u200bwere able to survive even the true Scythian nomadic culture, which the sediated peoples took. True, there is information and that Sarmatians over time are still harvested by Bosportan, but Greek culture did not disappear without a trace.
The active building of the ancient cities of Crimea led to the development of painting and sculpture. The drawings in the aforementioned clearance of Demmers allow us to conclude that during the construction of this monument of architecture, painting has already been plot.
In the Byzantine period of the history of the peninsula, as well as with Italians, Christian culture has confidently penetrated into the eastern Crimea. At this time, temples were decorated with frescoes. Such samples of church art were preserved until today, they can be seen in the cities of the eastern shore and in the southwestern part of Crimea.
On the monumental-decorative art of the eastern Crimea of \u200b\u200bthe period of the Middle Ages known is known. What survived, appeared in the XIV century. And then the Seljuk architectural style was noticeable. There is an opinion that in the XII-XIII centuries. Church utensils and items that were used during worship services were delivered from Asia Minor.
Over time, Armenian trends joined the culture of the Eastern Crimea, and with the emergence of Crimean Khanate, they are strengthened with Seljuk. Instead of church construction, the period of construction of mosques and mausoleums begins.
In the second half of the XIX century. Christianity returned to the Crimea in the guise of Orthodoxy. Russian culture, the elements of which are viewed at the time of the existence of the Tmutarakan principality, is now tightly rooted on the peninsula. The East Crimea has become a place of work and recreation for many talented personalities, the subjects of the Russian Empire.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the Kimmerian Painting School appeared, whose representatives depicted unique landscapes of the East Crimea. Among the talented artists who worked in this direction.
On the shores of the Eastern Crimea, the film "Scarlet Sails", "Affibory Man", "Sportloto-82", "Pirates of the XX Century", "Man With Capuchin Boulevard", "9 Rota", "Given in good hands", "inhabited Island "and others.
The region where culture is developing in the modern concept of this word, it is difficult to submit without educational institutions. Information about schools and gymnasiums in the ancient polishes is in the article "Greek cities-states of Crimea". The Genoesees were also not illiterate, as well as the residents of the Crimean Khanate, who received knowledge in Madrasa, and the East-Berry Armenians who had their own schools. A special place at the time occupied a spiritual school at Surb-Khache. Modern education In East Crimea, began with the arrival of Russians.
In August 1811, a county school was opened in Feodosia. Initially, it was two-class, but since 1836 it became three-class. Under the county school, the bottom office worked, at the end of which children were freely read, wrote, could consider and knew the foundations of the law of God. In 1868 he was transformed into a parish school. Since 1860, there has been a private women's guesthouse in the city, and since 1866 a female school worked, later became the gymnasium. In 1885, the county school was renamed to urban, soon the duration of training was increased there for up to six years. Since 1912, it was a four-class senior elementary school. From 1873 there was aeodosia provisional men's deflection. After the establishment of the Soviet power in its building was located the technical school of the peoples of the East, later there was a teacher institute. From the XIX century In Feodosia, private schools also worked. In 1902 and 1915 There were two private real schools in the city, which soon ceased to exist, therefore in 1913 the local authorities opened the state-of-the-case institution of this type. In addition, after a while, the city has a teacher's institute, craft classes, women's professional, nautical school, Armenian school.
Thanks to the rapid increase in the number of educational institutions, the high level of teaching Feodosia became the cultural and educational center of the Eastern Crimea. Creative people, lovers of history and just romantics sought to this ancient city. Since 1880, there is a Feodosia National Picture Gallery of Ivan Aivazovsky, and a year later the first Crimean Museum appeared - the Museum of Antiquities. At the beginning of the XX century. Feodosia, like no other city of Crimea, attracted writers.
But not only in Feodosia education developed. Kerch B. late XIX-in the beginning of the XX century It was considered one of the educational centers of the Tauride province, folk, nautical and craft schools worked in the city, the female and men's gymnasium, the Kushnikovsky Devichi Institute acted. In 1919-1921 In Kerch, there was a Bosporus University. In 1804, he decided to build a silica of winemaking in Sudak. In the old Crimea, for example, in 1842, a four-year-class Zemskaya school was opened. According to A. A. Shelyagova in 1914-1915. In the Feodosi district, which included Kerch-Yenikal Graduality, there were 304 educational institutions (of which 8 of the average or I discharge and 3 relating to the II category and deflection).
Famous personalities who lived and worked in the eastern Crimea
The Crimean Peninsula has always attracted to God and people who were looking for perfect place For creativity. Famous politicians, artists, poets, writers, singers and people of other public professions visited East Crimea. Since this region is large enough, consider the connection of famous personalities with individual cities and towns of the coast.
Let's start with Kerch. IN different times In this village with an ancient history, the emperors Peter first and Alexander first were the first. In 1820, A. Pushkin was sent to Kerch, and in 1888 this city attended young A. Chekhov. In 1914, Kerchan had the opportunity to listen to V. Mayakovsky verses, but, if you believe, the newspaper notes of that time, the creativity of futurist did not like. In Kerch lived and wrote paintings J. Mernetsky. In 1942, an accordionist and vocalist V. Kovtun appeared on the world, in the second half of the XX century. Journalist S. Dorenko and Singer A. Sviridova were born.
In Feodosia, Catherine II came. "The city of God" hit his history and nature by A. Pushkin, K. Powestsky. Creative people lived there: I. Aivazovsky, K. Bogaevsky, M. Tsveyev, V. Mukhina, M. Voloshin, L. Lagorio, A. Fesser, A. Green, S. Balyuchy, V. Zaplusskin, A. Barsak and others .
From the XIX century And to today, celebrities go to Koktebel. In this village, the areas of E. Jung, P. von Tesha, E. Kiriyenko-Voloshina, opera soloist M. Dysha-Zionitskaya, appeared. Among famous peopleWho worked and lived there later, you can call the publicist Petrova, M. Voloshina, N. Gumileva, Sisters Tsvetaeva, L. Dmitriev, F. Ranevskaya, V. Aleinikov, L. Polishchuk, and many others. Even Lenin came to Koktebel.
In the old Crimea, Countess De La ILO was buried (Milady from Roman A. Duma). In this village, A. Green lived and K. Pouustovsky stopped for a long time.
Famous guests of Sudak: Catherine Second, Empress Maria Aleksandrovna, the future monarch Alexander Third, Nikolai second, researcher K. Gablitsa, Academician P. Pallas, Poet and playwright V. Kopnis, historian P. Keppen, Botanist H. Stewen. In Sudak, A. Griboyedov, artists I. Aivazovsky and K. Bogaevsky, composers A. Glazunov and N. Cherepnin, as well as A. Tolstoy, M. Voloshin, M. Bulgakov and other famous personalities.
With the village, the new light is associated with the name L. S. Golitsin, who bought the estate at the nobleman de Gallery and began to engage in winemaking. This almost extreme corner of the Eastern Crimea inspired N. Levin and M. Voloshina.
Here is such a eastern Crimea. Earth, received by legends and ancient glory, meeting place talented people, strategically important corner of the peninsula and just a resort area suitable for recreation of romantic natures. East Crimea survived a lot and a lot of events are still ahead. But the tragic moments of the past and the peripetia of the present only strengthen the spirit of the local population, they learn to rejoice at every moment, even more love the cute heart of the sea, mountains, steppe and appreciate the guests of the peninsula, which are already perceived for a long time, as an integral part of the life of Crimeans.
InLight
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Northeast Crimea Prysivashko-Plain Region, located in the northeastern part of the Crimean Peninsula Composition of the region: Nizhnegorsky district Soviet district Kirov district
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Northeast Crimea is perhaps the most unknown and low-transferable region of Crimea. But in this distant corner you can find a lot of interesting and unusual. This is a place for those who pave a road to themselves. Recommended transportation - bike, moto or quad bike, SUV or regular passenger car. GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION
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Features of Nature-Eastern Crimea
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The State Botanical Reserve "Prysivashsky" in it is under the protection of the centenary steppe with medicinal plants, including the extensive thickets of daisies of the pharmacy - valuable and very popular medicinal plant not less health benefit has a lake Sivash, framing the reserve. .
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Agarchichsky Forest for more than 200 years. In 1964, he was declared protected. Beech, Oak, Grab - the main breeds of the old Academy of Sciences. Here are under the protection of a unique Crimean beech, a rare view of the rash - the grab Eastern and two oak varieties: fluffy and rocky.
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Sivash - the shore of the bay is extremely disseminated and tortuous. The coastline does not have clear, stable outlines and creates a picture of a complex natural labyrinth. Most of the narrow, elongated in the northeast direction of the peninsulas are called "TUADS" or "KUTS", and temporarily fill due to the Sushi plots - "droughts"
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Mount Agarchich is a classic Mediterranean type career. Water, dissolving limestone, forms a variety of grotto wells, mines, caves. Here is the interesting cave "bottomless well". The entrance to this cave is closed with a reinforced concrete slab. The bottomless well is a revealed mine. It is a failure, with a diameter with a diameter of 4 m, from the bottom of which begins with a 38 meter expanding book of mine. At the bottom - a boulder naval, on the walls - separate fasteners. Regarding this cavity there are many legends who have been reflected in its names. The main feature is an increase in the warm period of carbon dioxide to life-threatening (up to 4% by volume). Record content of CO2 - 7.62%. Descent only in an insulating gas mask. The oxygen content drops to 1416%. In winter, the concentration of carbon dioxide decreases. "
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The Arabat Arrow - from the Akmonai Carm in the north-western direction, a narrow and long (113 km) of the braid extends. It separates from the Azov Sea shallow and very salty (up to 200 pm) Laguna - Sivash. The Arabat Spit consists mainly of an embossed material, width from 270 meters to 8 kilometers.
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Herbas of districts
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Nizhnegorskiy Nizhnegorsky (until 1944 Semitler; Krymskotat. Seyitler, Seyitler) - urban-type settlement in the Prysivashka Steppe region of the Republic of Crimea, the center of Nizhnegorsky district. The largest and most significant enterprises of Nizhnegorsky include a factory for the production of feed, juices, oils, different croup, flour and fruit and vegetable canned food. The village has a bread mill and organizations providing housing and communal services. Numerous small enterprises of Nizhnegorsky are engaged in trade and construction activities.
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Soviet (up to 1944 - Introduction, Crimeanskotat. İçki) - Urban-type settlement in the Soviet Oil Republic of the Crimea of \u200b\u200bRussia (Autonomous Republic of Crimea). In the village there are a settlenergo-, Raigrostroy-, incubator-poultry enterprise and other local enterprises that are engaged in servicing agricultural enterprises district. The greatest enterprises: Bread products combine, winery, printing house. There are 449 enterprises in the district. Commercial services of the population carry out consumer cooperation enterprises and entrepreneurial structures.
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Kirov Kirovsky (until 1945 Islam Terek; Crimeanskotat. İslâmterek, Islam Terek) - urban-type settlement in the east of Crimea. Center of the Kirov district of the Republic. The population is about 7 thousand people. Industry The plant is represented by such enterprises: OATP "Kirov repair and transport enterprise" (mechanical engineering and metalworking), printing house, OATP "Kirovsky feed plant".
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The economic activity of the districts of the North-Eastern Crimea is based on the economy - agricultural production. In recent years, active works are underway to develop the sphere of tourism and recreation. Especially promising are territories on the coast of Sivas. A variety of natural landscapes (floodplain, braids, shallow water, cane thickets), deposits of unique healing mud, the presence of fish ponds, a large concentration of hunting bird species - all these factors create a favorable ground for development in the area of \u200b\u200brecreational and tourist activities (primarily commercial tourism) . Rural ("green") tourism is developing a rapid pace, which is also due to favorable natural conditions. Much attention is paid to the development of folk crafts, mainly related to the processing of stovety products.
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Archaeological sites of the northeastern Crimea primarily these are mounds - the so-called "Pyramids of the Stete" one of them - Nogaichinsky Kurgan at the village of Chervonoy (Nizhnegorsky district) - in 1974 he pleased with a unique find. A woman's burial was discovered, which allegedly lived at the end of the second century BC. - First Century AD The head of a woman was crowned Golden Diadem, the neck decorated with a massive gold hryvnia with the image of Griffins, the golden brooch was resting on his chest, and there were bracelets, and the brushes were decorated with precious stones. Wooden caskets contained gold row In the form of Dolphin
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City Old Crimea - Tourist "Mecca" of the Kirov district
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Old Crimea is a city in the eastern part of the Crimea. The population is about 10 thousand people. The main attractions of the city are the construction of the XIII-XIV centuries, when Kyrym was the center of the Crimean Yurt. Well preserved to the present day the currently operating mosque of Khan Uzbek. In the eastern part of the city, the ruins of the mint, caravan-shed and mosques of Kurshum-Jami are located, and the Medieval Armenian Monastery of Surb-Khach (Holy Cross) is located 5 kilometers to the west of the old Crimea (Holy Cross), which began in recent years. In addition, there is an ethnographic museum in the city dedicated to the culture of the Crimean Tatar people.
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Khana Uzbek Mosque in the town of Old Crimea Khan Uzbek, who joined the goldordin throne in 1312, becoming an adherent of Islam, ordered to build a beautiful mosque and the Higher Muslim Spiritual School - Madrasa. The construction of the mosque was started in 1314. According to the Turkish traveler, Evlyichelby, in 1512-1513 at Mengli-Girea, Imethe was a cathedral. Now the mosque is a rectangular in the plan of the Basilical type building with the entrance from the north and built into the northeast corner of the minaret. The longitudinal axis of the building is oriented towards the North-South, so that the faith in the building is orthodox, praying their south, towards Mecca.
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Surb-Khach Surb-Khach - Armenian monastery. The church that bears the name of Surb-Nshan was built in 1358, in the time of the Armenian colonization of the Crimea. Later, the temple was attached Gavit (Pretcher) with bell tower. And in 1719 - the brotherly case with cashels for monks. The monastery is more like a fortress than a humble abode. The windows are like loopholes, and from the bell tower, similar to the watchtower, while the forest did not survive the monastery, the driveway was visible.
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Green Museum in the Old Crimea The Museum Exposition is two small rooms. One of them is preserved completely in pristine form. Alexander Stepanovich died here. The iron bed at the window, the couch, on which the bed of the patient duty Nina Nikolaevna Green, a plaque of the skin, an old alarm clock, a vase for flowers. In the second room - books, manuscripts, old photos with the views of the old Crimea and Kara-Dag.
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House Museum K.G. The paustic museum is in the house with a shady old garden. Here the writer stopped in the 1950s. In support of this, an original open-air exposition is a wonderful garden, which presents quotes from the works of Powest. As if the writer himself tells the visitor about his favorite corner. In four halls recreated the typological interior of the provincial Meshchansky home of the beginning of the twentieth century., Exposed exposure telling about the life and creative path of the paustovsky.
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Toponyms of the northeast Crimea
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Old Crimea - Museum Museum Museum Complex Museum Complex Museum Museum Museum Museum Museum Museum Museum Museum of Culture and Life of Tatarmuses of History and Railways Memorial Places of the Old Crimea Memorial Communarview Church of Sultan Beibarsamecheuta Uzbek and Cears Curish-Jammapped Caravan Sarae History Satural School of St. PanteleyMonastrokrym cemetery, including .--- The grave of Alexander Green --- the grave of Yulia Drunina Memorial historical places of the North-Eastern Crimea
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