The value of Kornilov Alexander Alexandrovich in a brief biographical encyclopedia. Materials for the history of Russian political emigration

The pseudonym, under which Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov writes to the political figure. ... In 1907 he spoke without successful candidate in the 2nd State Duma in St. Petersburg.

Alyabyev, Alexander Alexandrovich, Russian composer-amateur. ... in Romance A. affected the spirit of time. As then-Russian literature, they are sentimental, sometimes corny. Most of them are written in a minor key. They almost do not differ from the first romances of Glinka, but the latter stepped far ahead, and A. remained in place and now outdated.

Pogato Idolope (stole) - epic hero ...

Pedrillo (Pedrillo Pietro-World) - a famous jester, neapolitan, at the beginning of the reign of Anna John, who arrived in St. Petersburg for singing the roles of Buff and playing the violin in the court Italian opera.

Dal, Vladimir Ivanovich
Numerous stories and stories are suffering from the lack of real artistic creativity, a deep feeling and a wide view of the people and life. Further household pictures captured on the summer of jokes, told by a peculiar language, Boyko, alive, with a famous humor, sometimes flowing into manners and accuracy, Dal did not go

Varlamov, Alexander Egorovich
Above theory musical composition Varlamov, apparently, did not work at all and remained with those scarce knowledge that they could be made from Capella, in those days at all that did not take care of the general development of their pets.

Nekrasov Nikolai Alekseevich
No one of our big poets have such a number of right away from all points of view of the poems; Many poems he himself bequeathed not to include in the collection of his writings. Nekrasov did not even stand in their masterpieces: and in them suddenly grown the ear prosaic, sluggish verse.

Gorky, Maxim
In terms of its origin, bitter does not belong to those who drop the society whose singer he made in the literature.

Zhikharev Stepan Petrovich
His tragedy "Artan" neither press, nor scene saw, because, according to Prince Shakhovsky and frank feedback The author himself was a mixture of Chushi with Galimia.

Sherwood-faithful Ivan Vasilyevich
"Sherwood," one contemporary writes, "in society, even St. Petersburg, did not name differently, like a sherwood ... Comrades on military service He was stated and nicknamed his dog name "Fidelka".

Oboljaninov Peter Chryshanfovich
... Feldmarshal Kamensky publicly called him "a state thief, bribe, fool durable."

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"Land and judicial reforms gave decent Russian people in big number…» "\u003e In history russian politics And cultures have figures that do not fall into the list of "main characters" when a fluent listing. The usual separation of historical personalities on the "heroes" and "villain" seemed to be forever deprived of their legal place in history: they were so organic her, so in life is light and non-novibicious, that it was somehow to canonize them to faithful to comrades, And enemies - truly frighten and cursed. Only a thoughtful analysis of the context in which policies and genuine culture are also possible in Russia, allows you to identify the actual role of these people in our history. Alexander Kornilov (1862-1925). The authentic scale of his personality is the largest historian, politics, just a deep and conscientious Russian person - becomes clear only after years and years ...

When, at the end of 1925, Kornilov's scattered around the world was late learned about his death in Leningrad, they first could not believe in what had happened. Themer then in Paris academician V. I. Vernadsky wrote to the remaining prince D. I. Shakhovsky: "I confess, I even had doubt, whether it was true that it was true, since it did not get any echo in print ... But maybe stamp it and did not notice?".

Alexander Aleksandrovich Kornilov Born in St. Petersburg on November 18, 1862 in the noble family. Grandfather Cornilova, Military Sailor, accounted for a cousin famous Admiral Vladimir Alekseevich Kornilov, The participant of the Navarrinsky (1827) and Sinopsky (1853) battles, the head of the Defense of Sevastopol, the deadly wounded on the Malakhov Kurgan. Kornilova's father, too, Alexander Aleksandrovich (1834-1891), in the Crimean War went to the Black Sea Fleet volunteer; In 1857, took part in a round-the-world journey as a flag of officer. In the late 1850s. It was seen and approached A.V. Golovnoy - another and personal secretary of the Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich, younger brother Emperor Alexander II, heads of the maritime ministry and leader of the Palace Reformed "Party". The head of the informal leader of "Konstantinovtsev" (later he became the Minister of Folk Enlightenment under Alexander II), then headed by the editorial office of the famous "Maritime Collection" - at first the official authority of the Maritime Ministry, who then played a large role in the preparation and conduct of great reforms of the 1860s. The daily editorial work took over by A. A. Kornilov: a marine officer, an honest and hardworking person, he accepted the post of assistant editor of the Sea Collection. On the influence and significance of this edition at the turn of 1850-1860. Says at least the fact that the number of active employees of the "Collection" included such figures as M. H. Reuter (Future Minister of Finance Cabinet of Great Reforms), Writer V. A. Tsee. (Future Chairman of the St. Petersburg Cancer Committee), writer and art historian D. V. Grigorovich, doctor and teacher N. I. Pirogov and etc. N. G. Chernyshevsky called the "marine collection" "One of the wonderful phenomena of our literature", and the future Minister of the Interior P. A. Valuev somehow wrote that other newspapers only live by reprinting articles from "Marine Collection".

In 1861, Alexander Kornilov-Sr. married Elizabeth Nikolaevna Suponeva, from marriage with which three sons and five daughters were born. Poor nobleman burdened big familydecided to leave the "maritime collection" on public service. In 1866, he entered the department of state control, under the beginning of one of the old "Konstantinov" V. A. TatarinovaAnd further consistently occupied the important positions of the control of the checksum chamber in Kiev, Chisinau, Lublin, and in 1870, Donkey in Warsaw. Since 1881, he is the manager of the Office of the Odessa Governor General I. V. GurkoWith which then, since 1883, in the same position worked in Warsaw. At the end of his career, Cornilov Sr. reached the General Officer of the secret adviser, was a cavalier of several orders.

As for Alexander Kornilov-younger, he graduated from the first ("Russian") gymnasium in Warsaw in 1880) and entered the Mathematical Faculty of the University of St. Petersburg, from where, carried away by humanitarian sciences, was transferred to another faculty - legal. In the metropolitan university, then a unique circle of like-minded people was formed - so-called. Warshavyan, starting education in the capital of Poland, and then moved to continue studying in St. Petersburg. Participants of the mug were in the future large Russian politicians and scientists Fedor and Sergey OldenburgPrince Dmitry Shakhovskaya, Sergey Kryzhanovsky et al. Another member of this circle, subsequently a major historian Ivan Grevs He recalled about young Kornilov: "Alexander Aleksandrovich Kornilov (in the company" Adya ") was a man of wonderful kindness and friendliness, principled and seriously believed to life with his youth, a smart and good worker. He grew up in the bad large family With several younger sisters, about the development of the soul of which we rose fraternally, almost father. He sincerely imbued with the patriarchal traditions of warm, strong home affiliations. Alexander Alexandrovich and his friends transferred his ability to deep intimate relations that were almost blood in his heart. He, he himself is always a frequency and modest to himself, highly put the members of his friendly Union and remained forever for those who themselves kept the foundations of their spirit, a faithful friend in life, an indispensable employee in matters. "

If we talk about the goals of young participants of the student "fraternity", the same I. Grevs. I defined them like this: "They wanted to grow outwardly, enlightened, real-perfect, sincere, democratic liberalism in student Russia ... They loved the people warmly, but highly stood the intelligentsia mission, not opposing the second first, but without giving it to him. They called on their work not destructive ones, but positive construction. But they were foreseen in the fight against the government the inevitability of the victim and were ready to go to her. At the first and primary plan put forward ... The tasks of a serious passage through science: they saw how the enlightenment is oppressed by power. "

In 1886 A. A. Kornilov defended his master's thesis on the topic "On the meaning of community land tenure in the agricultural household of peoples" And after some time he received the appointment by the Commissioner for the peasant cases in the horseland of the Radom province of the Kingdom of Polish. Here, a young official for the first time came close to the peasant problems. He then recalled: "I walked at the time twenty-fifth year. According to the outside, however, I looked much younger. I remember even one case, which attacked me at the time in a considerable embarrassment, when the peasants who came to me in the case took me for the Commissar Son and did not want to believe for a long time that they deal with the Commissioner himself ".

Meanwhile, Kornilov wanted a more accurate application of the main idea of \u200b\u200bthe "People's Ministry" ideas for the members of the "Brotherhood": in February 1892, he was retired from the civil service for the first time, and for a year and a half gives himself a fight against the consequences terrible hunger in Tambov, Voronezh and Tula provinces.

In 1894, Kornilov printed in "Russian thought" A number of articles under the general title "The fate of the peasant reform in the kingdom of Polish"Then, then in a separate edition, attracted attention to him not only as a promising public figure, but also as a talented historian researcher. At the same time, Kornilov becomes a regular community of regular journals, which were held at the apartment of the Russian thought editor V. A. Goltseva. Here, in addition to old friends ( Oldenburg, Vernadsky, Shakhovsky) Many other people who played an exceptional role in domestic history were gathered: S. A. Muromtsev (lawyer, future chairman of the first Duma) P. N. Milyukov (historian, future cadet leader), philosopher and law P. I. Novgorodsev, Zemstvo Leaders and Future Deputies I. I. Petrunkevich, F. I. Rodichiev et al. In 1894, fate (a, more precisely, love) led A. A. Kornilov in the distant Irkutsk. The fact is that his bride - Natalia Antipovna Fedorova ("Tal")It was a native of Irkutsk and, while studying at the capital's highest ("Bestuzhevsky") courses for a scholarship from the city Duma, was then obliged to work for some time a city teacher in Irkutsk. Hiding from the bosses the deep reasons for their interest in the service in Eastern Siberia. (The bride has not yet graduated from the course in the capital), Kornilov seeks appointing to Irkutsk by the Personnel for the peasant cases in the Office of the Governor General A. D. Goremykina. After making a decision about departure to Siberia, Kornilov wrote Vernadskywho did not approve his intention that admission to public service is and for him a "undoubted compromise": " At first, I thought it was better to go there with an independent proletter and do private there by studying Siberia in general and an agrarian question in particular, as well as take part in local journalism. But then, according to all the information collected about Siberia, I clearly saw, on the one hand, that as a private person, and even with insignificant means, it will be difficult to do anything in terms of studying the agricultural issue and in general the country's research; whereas the service can give me the opportunity to do something else ... On the other hand, after all conversations with Siberians, I began to think again that it was still possible to serve in Siberia, if you don't have a career in mind and nothing Do not bind yourself, i.e. To serve, so to speak, with a ready-made past resignation in your pocket. " The railway message was only before Chelyabinsk; Next to the Kurgan traveling on official cases, they were taken in commodity wagons (300 miles of the composition of the day). Then it had to go to the postal crews (a large part of the year in winter sleigh). So, through Ishim, Kansk, with a check in Barnaul (for exploring the bride's brother), Tomsk and Krasnoyarsk - Kornilov with one big suitcase, changing the run horses, drove, almost without delaying, 3,600 miles in postal sleigh. The path from Moscow took 17 days, which struck the Irkutsk colleagues having met him - they did not expect a new official so soon.

A. A. Kornilov arrived in Irkutsk on April 1, 1894 and at first he stopped at the hotel "Deco": then considered the best in Irkutsk, it seemed to him extremely dirty. I introduced my own bride, he presented a gift from the capital - a box with 100 oranges, which were at the time in Siberia, a big rarity. The bride arrived in Irkutsk in the summer. "Tal" was also an outstanding person: perfectly musitized, frequently translated from French, in the early 1890s also worked in a detachment to combat hunger - in the Samara province. The wedding took place on October 17, 1894. Young Chet Cornilov quickly mastered in the cultural life of Irkutsk and after a short time began to play a noticeable role in it. It was on their initiative in the city a free reading library, which exists to this day was organized. The idea of \u200b\u200bher opening arose in 1893 after unexpected death in one of the expeditions Alexandra Viktorovna Potanina - the famous researcher of Mongolia, China and Tibet. From the funds collected on a wreath (Potanina was buried in Kyakhte), there was some money left, and friends decided to put them in the foundation of capital for the reading room. The business quickly moved due to the enthusiasm of the root. At first, the City Duma allocated two rooms under the library in the city council building; Soon the second branch was already opened in the hired room, in a more democratic part of the city, "on the mountain". Here later, the own library's own building was built, which was awarded the name A. V. Potanina.

In 1894-1900. A. A. Kornilov served in Irkutsk an official for special assignments under the Governor-General Goreminky, engaged in the peasant question, Zemsky and migrating business in Eastern Siberia. In Irkutsk, he became a member of the East Siberian branch of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society, the organizer of the "Society for the dissemination of public education in the Irkutsk province", significantly expanded "Society benefits of students in Eastern Siberia" and "Commissions for the Folk Reading Device". He was also a member of local liberal circles, editor of the Irkutsk newspaper Eastern Reviewfounded by a well-known figure N. M. Yadrintsev In St. Petersburg, took an active part in the creation of a new stone theater in Irkutsk (instead of the previously burnt wooden), was elected the City Duma in the number of five directors of the theater. On May 26, 1898, he performed at the theater with a public lecture on V. G. Belinsky (on the 50th anniversary of the death of the writer). Was Kornilov elected and vowels of the Irkutsk Duma, and when the merchant was the city head V.V. Zharkov, Cornilov was entrusted with the chairmanship in cases where, according to the city situation, the head did not have the right to conduct meetings personally (for example, when approving the city budget). In 1900, at the governor's post A. D. Goremykina changed A. I. Panteleev, former to this comrades (deputy) minister of the Interior and headed by gendarmes. For Kornilov, this was fundamentally changed, and he almost immediately resigned. Before his departure, friends were collected on a subscription 325 rubles for a farewell lunch device in his honor. Kornilov from the banquet refused and asked to transfer money to the city library, which was then fixed by the decision of the city Duma. In their "Memories" Kornilov described her parting with Siberia: "When I arrived in Siberia, I thought there was three years in it, no more, but I lived as much as seven years. Seven years aged 31 to 38 years old - a big deal! But I did not regret it. These were years of rapid growth of Siberia; The railway track passed through Siberia strongly turned over all the classes of its inhabitants. A powerful migration movement in a short time almost doubled the population of Siberia, and the reforms conducted in it - land and judicial - gave Siberia decent Russian people in a large number. At the same time, the Siberian, who ended the course at the university, was not returned to Siberia, and now many of the officials were from Siberians with higher education. Russian people who came to serve in Siberia came to mainly progress and were called "dull". It was very characteristic. Now Russian officials in Siberia, who serve in the judicial or land, are not suitable for this. Having lived in Siberia seven years, I felt that I was put on the roots and that I was not so easy to part with Siberia ... I felt that I would benefit Siberia, how much we can bring her. "

After returning the cornily to St. Petersburg in his name, they began to come from Irkutsk letters: they proposed to take part in the elections of the urbutsk head of Irkutsk, to become the editor of the Eastern Friend, etc. In turn, the head of the migrating department of the Ministry of the Interior A. V. Krivoshein Suggested Kornilov the position of the official for special instructions for the minister. Opening prospects for work with zemstvo (it was necessary to keep in touch with the collections of those provinces, of which there were immigrants) interested Cornilov, and he was, agreed ...

But on March 4, 1901, the Kazan Cathedral of the Peaceful Demonstration of Youth was dispersed by police Nagiyki. The rootilov participated in the manifestation was among the initiators of writing a protest letter, which several foreign newspapers published. The arrest was followed: Cornilov served twenty days in the St. Petersburg "crosses", then was released from a subscription about the unseen-season. By the decision of the Minister of the Interior, he was prohibited to live in the metropolitan provinces and university cities. Then he accepted a proposal from Saratov, where the famous liberal division N. N. Lviv Acquired newspaper "Saratov Diary" And looked for a strong editor. In fact, under the leadership of Lviv, a brilliant connoisseur of an agricultural question, then in Saratov then there was a kind of scientific and publishing center on the problems of reformity in the agrarian sphere (it was in Saratov, for example, was first published in 1907. The famous book "Mailing Village" young then A. I. Shingarev - the future of the Cadet leader, and then the Minister of Temporary Government).

"Saratov Diary" existed for long. In the mid-1902, the provincial authorities suspended the publication and prescribed Lviv to radically change the composition of the editorial office. Having lost the journalistic earnings, rootilov, not without the influence of the same Lviv, returns to Saratov to scientific work. Here he writes a number of works on the history of peasant reform, public movement in the era of Alexander II, the history of the Decembrist movement. In 1904, he finally received the freedom of movement, Cornilov visits the capital, and then leaves for Paris to P. B. Struvewhich helps in editing an opposition unnecessary magazine "Liberation."

At this time, the wife of Kornilov, "Tali", aggravated tuberculosis, and they were placed in the Swiss clinic. A few months later she died and was buried on the Orthodox rite (the Russian priest from Bern was invited) in the cemetery in TerritoryFrom which a beautiful view of the Lake Geneva ...

Meanwhile, A. A. Kornilov, gradually expanding the circle of dating in the Russian political and literary environment, it turns out in the very center of liberal public Life. He took an active part in the work of the first liberal circles ( "Conversations", for example) and political organizations (first of all, "Union of Liberation"). After giving the Emperor of the Highest Manifest on October 17, 1905, which actually legalized in Russia political activities, Kornilov took an active part in the creation of the Constitutional Democratic Party (Party of People's Freedom), in which he was soon elected secretary of the Central Committee responsible for all office work and formation regional organizations. The importance of the Cornilov-organizer in the successful election campaigns of the Cadet Party for Elections in I and II State Duma. Its key role in the party in the game intensified after the creation of large cadet factions in the first dimensions: on the shoulders of Kornilov, fundamentally refusing from the deputy, was a diverse everyday work, which was previously distributed between such recognized organizers (with many deputies), as D. Shakhovskaya, I. Petrunkevich, Brothers Peter and Pavel Dolgorukov, M. Shuttokovand etc.

Even the shortest list of posts and functions A. A. Kornilova in the Cadet Party is impressive: on the first congress (October 1905), he is elected to the Bureau of the Congress, and then to the Commissary CC. At the second congress (January 1906), he already as secretary of the Central Committee makes the main report on organizational issues; At the third congress (April 1906) - Report "On the extra parliamentary activity of the party"; on the fourth (September 1906) - a report on organizational issues; On the fifth (October 1907) - the reporting report of the Central Committee for 1905-1907 ... In addition to this, Kornilov heads the editors "Duma leaflet" - The political body of the Cadet Party.

In 1908, he recently married - on the younger sister of the first wife Catherine. When, after the birth of the daughter, Cornilov had comprehended the responsibilities of the CC secretary and temporarily departed from great politics, the chairman of the Cadet Party Prince Pavel Dolgorukov wrote him: "I recognize the logicality of your motivation to resign. On the other hand, I find your departure from the secretaries by a terrible strike on the party, because, of course, you will not find anyone ".

In 1908-1910. Kornilov fully devotes to teaching and scientific work: he reads the course russian history XIX century at the St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute, in the Pedagogical Academy and at the highest commercial courses M. V. Pobedinsky. (Subsequently "Course" Cornilov brought him wide fame in scientific and pedagogical circles: he was repeatedly translated into Russia, England, USA.) In the same years, the Kornilov historian fruitfully engaged in new topics: Patriotic War 1812, the epoch of Alexander I, creativity Mikhail Bakunina and Alexander Herzen.

In December 1915, on the sixth congress of the Cadet Party, Kornilov again makes a detailed report on the organizational activities of the party (within two and a half hours!) And again unanimously elected by the Secretary of the Central Committee. And after the death in the First World War, the leader of Petrograd Cadets A. V. Kolyubakina He becomes also the head of the metropolitan party organization. Remembering those months, Kornilov wrote: "My job at that time was so complicated and diverse that it is most convenient to compare it with running proteins in the wheel." Indeed, at that time, Kornilov managed to have time: he participated in all meetings of the Cadet Duma faction, headed the Food Commission of the Commission of the Central Committee of the Party, participated in the work of several other commissions, was a member of the Council of Petrograd guardianship about the poor (first of all, on the disabled of war and FRONTovikov families) , a member of the Petrograd Regional Committee on the Equipment of the Army. "As a result of strengthened activity and, in particular, due to the unbearable brainwater, often lasted up to three, up to four nights, - recalled Kornilov, - I continued to think about all the questions that discussed among the day: falling asleep, I continued to think all About them, and, rebuilding in bizarre combinations, my thoughts in a dream, much brighter than in reality, developed a different times the amazing conclusions, which, however, I could not catch anything ... Alas, then I did not feel that it was Maybe the harbingers comprehended after a few months of apoplexic strikes. "

After February Revolution 1917 Kornilov, in addition to active work in the party, was, as a recognized connoisseur of the peasant question, appointed senator of the second ("peasant") Department of the Senate. The hardest, no time to rest on vacation, with a solid age, she donated his health. On the night of July 2, July 3, 1917, right at the meeting of the Cadet Central Committee, which considered the release of the Cadet ministers from the Provisional Government, the first blow happened to Cornilov; After six days - the second.

In September, he accompanied by his student son V. I. Vernadsky - George Vladimirovich (Future outstanding emigrant historian) went with his family to Kislovodsk. There is Cornilov, despite the periodic help of friends, disagreened. Daughter "Tala" wrote in his children's diary: "We live in one room, truth, decent and warm but raw. All the corners of the moldy. "

Obviously, after the final defeat of the "White" Kornilov did not think seriously about emigration: hurt the unhealthy, and besides the closest and old friends ( Dmitry Shakhovskaya, Sergey Oldenburg, Ivan Grevs) Stayed in Russia, trying to preserve elements of high culture on an exhausted homeland. In Kislovodsk, Kornilov tried to earn lectures at the People's University; He warmed him the soul and the fact that in 1918 his famous "The course of the history of Russia of the XIX century" was reissued in Russia.

In the summer of 1921, A. A. Kornilov returns to Petrograd, where he continues to lecture on domestic history at the Polytechnic Institute. In 1922, he, very patient, finally leaves the service and lives on a meager retirement. He died on April 26, 1925 ... Ancient Friend Kornilova, Prince Dmitry Ivanovich Shakhovskaya, everything last years His life (he was shot by the Bolsheviks in 1939) a lot had a lot about the careful preservation of the literary and historical heritage of Cornilov - "For Russian historical science and editing the younger generation." "After all, this is the best thing that we have in this area - I wrote Shakhovskaya, - and we must certainly facilitate the use of this for a generation, which without a conscious understanding of Russia passed in the last hundred years the path will be a pathetic chatter and painful and for itself other cargo ".

A.A.Kara-Murza
doctor of philosophical science

x.

x.

I. Cornilov

Alexander Alexandrovich, Russian historian, writer. He graduated from the St. Petersburg University. He served as a commissar for peasant cases in the kingdom of Polish, then (up to 1900) under the Irkutsk Governor-General. For participation in the protest of 42 writers against the beating of young people in the square in front of the Kazan Cathedral in St. Petersburg, he was sent to Saratov in April 1901. In 1904 he lived in Paris, he worked in the editorial office of the magazine P. V. Struve "Liberation" . Returning to Russia, participated in the formation of the Cadet Party (see Cadets) and in 1905-08 was the secretary of its Central Committee. From 1909 Professor of the St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute, where he read the "course of history of Russia XIX century." (Part 1-3, 1912-14). The author of the history of Russia is 19 V. (Public Movement of the 30-50s., Peasant Reform 1861, etc.).

So: peasant reform. St. Petersburg, 1905; Essays by history public Movement and peasant business in Russia, St. Petersburg, 1905; Public movement under Alexandra II (1855-1881). Historic. Essays, M., 1909; Years of travel Mikhail Bakunina, M.- L., 1925.

II. Cornilov

Boris Petrovich, Russian Soviet poet. Born in the village of Pokrovskoe, now Semenovsky district of the Gorky region. For the first time spoke with verses in 1923. The author of the collections "Youth" (1928), "Book of Poems" (1933), "Poems and Poems" (1933), etc., Poems "Theses of the Roman", "Tripolie" (both - 1933) , "My Africa" \u200b\u200b(1935), "Start of Earth" (1936), permeated by the life-affirming pathos of struggle for the new world, romantic mood. For lyric manner K. Characterized, emotional saturation. K. also own texts - "Song of the Counter" (Music D. D. Shostakovich) and others. In the city of Semenov, the Memorial Museum K. was opened and a monument to the poet was opened.

Soze: poems and poems. , M.- L., 1966.

LIT: Tsurikova G., Boris Kornilov, M.- L., 1963; Berggolts O., Boris Kornilov. 1907-1938. Continuation of life, in the book: Russian poets. Anthology, vol. 4, M., 1968.

III Cornilov

Vladimir Alekseevich, Russian Naval Worker, Vice-Admiral (1852), Hero of Sevastopol Defense 1854-55 (see Sevastopol Defense 1854-55) . Born in the family of an officer. He graduated from the Sea Cadet Corps (1823). From 1827 he served on the Linear ship "Azov" and participated in the Navarino Battle of 1827 (see the Navarino Battle of 1827) and the Russian-Turkish war 1828-29. In 1830-34 served in the Baltic, and from 1834 on the Black Sea Fleets. From 1838 he was the head of the headquarters of M. P. Lazarev , Supervised the actions of the landings during raids to the Caucasian coast. From 1849 Chief of Staff of the Black Sea Fleet, and from 1851 actually commanded the fleet. He played the re-equipment of the ships of the new artillery and the replacement of sailing ships by steam; He participated in the development of a new maritime statute and instructions, in the creation of the Sevastopol Naval Library. On the eve of the Crimean War, 1853-1856 (see Crimean War of 1853-56) organized a quick transfer by the Sea of \u200b\u200bInfantry Division in the Caucasus, which played a decisive role in the reflection of Turkish offensive, as well as cruisers on the communications of the opponent and, heading the charge of steamer-frigates, participated in the first In the history of the battle of steam ships. In September 1854, the head of the Northern Side Defense, and after the battle on the r. Alma (see Alma) , As the head of the headquarters of the garrison of Sevastopol, he became the head of his defense. Under the leadership of K. In a short time, a line of land defense was created, enhanced by artillery with seafarers with ships. Malatantly wounded on the Malakhov Kurgan during the first bombardment of Sevastopol.

LIT: Vice Admiral Kornilov. Sat documents, M., 1947; Korobokov N. M., Vice-Admiral Kornilov, M., 1944; Zverev B. I., Vice-Admiral V. A. Kornilov, Simferopol, 1957.

V. A. Kornilov.

IV Cornilov

Konstantin Nikolaevich, Soviet psychologist. From 1943 a valid member and vice president (up to 1950) APN RSFSR. In 1898-1905 was a people's teacher in Siberia. He graduated from Moscow University (1910). In 1923-30 and 1938-41, director of the Research Institute of Psychology. At the 1st and 2nd All-Russian congresses of psychoneurology (1923 and 1924), he headed the methodological restructuring of psychology based on dialectical materialism. By fighting against the idealistic school G. I. Chelvan, Reflexology V. M. Bekhtereva and American behavior, K. in his reactology allowed an eclectic combination of Marxist principles with some mechanistic and energy ideas. Criticism on the psychological discussion of the early 30s. He led to refusal to the reactology errors. In the future, participated in the development of problems of pedagogical psychology and personality psychology. Awarded 2 Lenin orders and medals.

So.: Modern psychology and Marxism, 2 ed., L., 1925; The doctrine of human reactions from a psychological point of view ("reactology"), 3 ed., M.- L., 1927; The textbook of psychology outlined from the point of view of dialectical materialism, 4 ed., M.- L., 1929.

LIT: Teplov B. M., Fighting K. N. Kornilova in 1923-25. For the restructuring of psychology on the basis of Marxism, in Sat.: Questions of the psychology of the personality, M., 1960.

A. V. Petrovsky.

V. Cornilov

Lavr Georgievich, one of the leaders of the Russian counter-revolution, General from Infanteria (1917). Born in the family of the Cossack officer. He graduated from the Mikhailovsky Artillery School (1892) and the Academy of General Staff (1898). He served in Turkestan, a member of the Russian-Jan war 1904-05. In 1907-11 Military attache in China. During the 1st World War, 1914-18 commanded the 48th infantry division. Being personally by brave person, did not possess the abilities of the commander. In 1915, he was captured to the Austrians, but in 1916 fled. He commanded the corps, in March-April 1917 - the troops of the Petrograd Military District, in May-July - the 8th Army and the troops of the South-Western Front. From July 19 (August 1) to August 27 (September 9) - the Supreme Commander. I achieved the introduction of the death penalty at the front, tried to limit the activities of the soldiers' committees. At the end of August, he raised the rebellion and moved troops to Petrograd in order to establish a counter-revolutionary military dictatorship (see Cornilovshchina) , But the rebellion was soon eliminated by revolutionary soldiers, sailors and Krasnogvardeys. September 2 (15) was arrested by a temporary government and imprisoned in Bykhov, but with the assistance of General N. N. Dukhonin on November 19 (December 2), he fled to Novocherkassk, where, together with General M. V. Alekseev, headed the White Guard Voluntary Army (See Voluntary Army) . Killed with an unsuccessful storming of Ekaterinodar.

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Alexander Aleksandrovich Kornilov (18 (30) November ( 18621130 ) , St. Petersburg -) - Russian historian, public figure. Vowed Irkutsk City Duma (1898-1901). Secretary of the Central Committee of the Cadet Party (-).

Biography

The son of the Russian military journalist, the participant of the Crimean War of Alexander Alexandrovich Kornilova (1834-1891).

He graduated from the St. Petersburg University. He served as a commissar for peasant cases in the kingdom of Polish, then (until 1900) he was headed by peasant and migrating cases under the Irkutsk Governor-General. In 1901, he was sent to Saratov for participating in a protest of 42 writers against the beating of young people in St. Petersburg on the square in front of the Kazan Cathedral. In 1904 he lived in Paris, he worked in the editorial office of the magazine P. B. Struve "Liberation".

After returning to Russia, he participated in the Union of Liberation and in Zemstvo Congresions of 1905, in the formation of the Cadet Party, in -1908 was the secretary of the Central Committee of the Party. In 1907 published the newspaper "Dumsky Leaf"

In 1909-1923. - Professor of the St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute, read the history of Russia of the XIX century. Kornilov's most famous work is based on this course and covers the period from Catherine II to the beginning of the XX century; He was also published in 1917 in the United States (transfer to english A. S. Kaun).

Alexander Alexandrovich Kornilov died in 1925.

Bibliography

1. Course of the history of Russia XIX century / Alexander Kornilov; [Intr. Art. A. A. Levandovsky]. - M.: AST: Astrel, 2004. - 862, p. ; 21 cm - (historical library). Bibliogr. in Note: with. 782-811. - Bibliogr.: With. 812-863. - 5000 copies. - ISBN 5-17-022290-4 (AST). - ISBN 5-271-07920-1 (Astrel).
2. Course of the history of Russia XIX century / [Intr. Art. A. A. Levandovsky]. - M.: Higher. School, 1993. - 445, p. ; 24 cm - (historical heritage). Bibliogr. In the end of the pieces. - Bibliogr. in Note: with. 423-446. - 40000 copies. - ISBN 5-06-002838-0.
3. The course of the history of Russia XIX century. In 3 t. M., ed. Sabashnikov, 1918.
4. Alexander II: [Course of the history of Russia XIX century] / A. A. Kornilov. - Moscow: World of Books: Literature, 2007. - 301, p. ; 21 cm - (Great Dynasty of Russia. Romanovs). On the turn of tit. l. Auto: A. A. Kornilov, historian, writer. - by region Auto not specified. - 18000 copies. - ISBN 978-5-486-01743-8.
5. Years of wanderings Mikhail Bakunina. L.-M., GIZ, 1925
6. Course of the history of Russia XIX century (in three parts) - M., ed. Sabashnikov, 1912-1914
7. Young years Mikhail Bakunina. From the history of Russian romanticism (Moscow, ed. Sabashnikov, 1915)
8. Public Movement under Alexandra II. - M., 1909
9. . - St. Petersburg. : Ed. P.P. Mushunin, 1905. - 271 p.
10. Public Movement under Alexandra II. - Paris, 1905
11. Essays on the history of social movement and peasant business in Russia. - St. Petersburg., 1905
12. Peasant reform in the Kaluga province at V. A. Artzimovich "(SPB., Type. Stasyulevich, 1904)
13. Fiftieth anniversary of the Literary Fund. 1859-1090 "(St. Petersburg, 1909)
14. Articles Die BauernFrage. In the collection Russen Uber Russland. (Frankfurt am Main, 1905) and THE NAPOLONIC WARS AND LATER HISTORY (in the magazine "Russian Review")
15. Seven months among the starving peasants. M., 1893.

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Notes

Sources

• Kornilov Alexander Aleksandrovich // Big Soviet Encyclopedia: [in 30 tons] / ch. ed. A. M. Prokhorov. - 3rd ed. - m. : Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.

Excerpt characterizing Kornilov, Alexander Alexandrovich (Jr.)

And more ... If the artists were painted exactly John in these pictures, how then would the same John wondered so monstrously to try to the time of his execution, accomplished at the request of the Caprician Salome? .. After all, the Bible happened before the crucifixion. Christ, it means, John should have been at that time no more than thirty-four years! How did it from the girl's beautiful, ceremony young man in the old and completely uncompatible Jew?!

- So, Ioann's Volkhv did not die, north? - I was happy asked. - Or did he die differently? ..
- Unfortunately, this John really cut off his head, Isidor, but this did not happen in an evil will of a capricious spoiled woman. The cause of his death was the betrayal of the Jewish "friend", which he trusted, and who lived in the house for several years ...
"But how didn't he feel?" How did I not see what kind of "friend"?! - I was indignant.
- Probably, it is impossible to suspect every person, Isidor ... I think it was so difficult to trust someone, because everyone had to somehow adapt and live in that alien, unfamiliar country, do not forget this. Therefore, from a big and smaller evil, they, apparently, tried to choose the smaller. But everything is impossible to predict, you yourself know very well this, Isaidor ... The death of Magnava John happened after the crucifixion of Radomir. He was poisoned by Jew, in the house of which John lived at the time with the family of the deceased Jesus. In one of the evenings, when the whole house has already reached, the owner, chatting with John, presents him his favorite tea with an admixture of the strongest herbal poison ... Nobody even managed to understand what happened. According to the owner, John just fell asleep instantly, and never woke up more ... His body was found in the morning in his bloody bed with ... a chopped head ... According to the same owner, Jews were very afraid of John, because he considered him Unsurpassed magician. And to be sure that he will never resurrect - they are beheaded him. The head of John was later bought out (!!!) and they took the temple knights with them, sowing her and bring it to the Magician Valley, so that in this way to give John at least such a small, but decent and well-deserved respect, not allowing Jews to simply mock him performing some of his magic rituals. Since then, John's head was always with them, wherever they are. And for the same head, two hundred years of the Knights of the temple accused the devil in the criminal worship ... You remember the last "Templar's business" (temple knights), is it, Isidor? It was there that they were accused of worshiping the "talking head", which informed all the church clergy.

"Forgive me, the north, but why the Knights of the temple did not bring John's head here, in Mateor? After all, as I understand it, you all loved him very much! And how do you know all these details? You were not with them? Who told you all this?
- told us all this sad story of the leading Maria, Mother Radan and Radomir ...
- Didn't Maria come back to you after Jesus's execution?! .. After all, as far as I know, she was with her son during the crucifixion. When did she return to you? Is it possible that she is still alive? .. - Hoping breathing, I asked.
I so wanted to see at least someone from those worthy, courageous people! .. So I wanted to "recover" their excerpt and force in my upcoming last fight! ..
- No, Isidor. Unfortunately, Maria died a century ago. She did not want to live long, although he could. I think her pain was too deep ... I went to my sons into an unfamiliar, a distant country (many years before their death), but I could not save any of them, Maria did not return to Maeor, leaving with Magdalina . Having left, as we then thought, forever ... Tired of bitterness and losses, after the death of his beloved granddaughter and Magdalene, Mary decided to leave her cruel and unmamous life ... But before "leave" forever, she still came In Matora, to say goodbye. To tell us the true history of the death of those whom we all loved ...

And she returned to last time See White Magnifier ... Your spouse and a faithful friend who could never forget. In her heart she forgave him. But, to his great regret, could not bring him the forgiveness of Magdalene .... So, as you see, Isidor, the great Christian fables about "all-saying" is just a children's lie for naive believers to allow them to create any evil, knowing that What would they do, ultimately be forgiven. But you can forgive only what truly decent forgiveness. A person must understand that for any accompanied evil he has to answer ... and not in front of some mysterious God, but in front of him, forcing himself to suffer severely. Magdalene did not forgive Vladyko, although he deeply respected and sincerely loved him. Just as she failed to forgive us and all of us for the terrible death of Radomir. After all, it was her best understood everything - we could help him, could save it from cruel death ... But did not want. Considering the guilt of white wilts too cruel, she left him to live with this fault, not for a minute not forgetting her ... She did not want to give him a slight forgiveness. We never seen her anymore. How never saw their kids. Through one of the knights of his temple - our Maggdalene handed the answer to Vladyka on his request to return to us: "The sun rises in one day twice ... the joy of your world (Radomir) will never return to you, as I do not return to you And I ... I found my faith and my truth, they are alive, your own - dead ... Make your sons - they loved you. I will never forgive you of their death while alive. And let your wines remain with you. Perhaps someday she will bring you light and forgiveness ... But not from me. " The head of the Maulana of John was not brought to Matera for the same reason - none of the temple knights wanted to return to us ... We lost them, how many others were lost, who did not want to understand and take our victims ... who so same as you - left, condemning us.

The son of the Russian military journalist, the participant of the Crimean War of Alexander Alexandrovich Kornilova (1834-1891). He graduated from the St. Petersburg University.
He served as a commissar for peasant cases in the kingdom of Polish, then (until 1900) he was headed by peasant and migrating cases under the Irkutsk Governor-General.
In 1901, he was sent to Saratov for participating in a protest of 42 writers against the beating of young people in St. Petersburg on the square in front of the Kazan Cathedral.
In 1904 he lived in Paris, he worked in the editorial office of the magazine P. B. Struve "Liberation".
After returning to Russia, he participated in the Union of Liberation and in the Zemstvo Congres of 1905.
Participated in the formation of the Cadet Party and in 1905-1908 was the secretary of the Central Committee of the Party.
In 1907 published the newspaper "Duma Leaf".
From 1909 - Professor of the St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute, read the "course of history of Russia of the XIX century".

Bibliography

1. Course of the history of Russia XIX century / Alexander Kornilov; [Intr. Art. A.A. Levandord]. - M.: AST: Astrel, 2004. - 862, p. ; 21 cm - (historical library). Bibliogr. in Note: with. 782-811. - Bibliogr.: With. 812-863. - 5000 copies. - ISBN 5-17-022290-4 (AST). - ISBN 5-271-07920-1 (Astrel).
2. The course of the history of Russia XIX century / [entry Art. A.A. Levandord]. - M.: Higher. School, 1993. - 445, p. ; 24 cm - (historical heritage). Bibliogr. In the end of the pieces. - Bibliogr. in Note: with. 423-446. - 40000 copies. - ISBN 5-06-002838-0.
3. Alexander II: [Course of the history of Russia XIX century] / A.A. Cornilov. - Moscow: World of Books: Literature, 2007. - 301, p. ; 21 cm - (Great Dynasty of Russia. Romanovs). On the turn of tit. l. Aut.: A.A. Kornilov, historian, writer. - by region Auto not specified. - 18000 copies. - ISBN 978-5-486-01743-8.
4. Course of the history of Russia XIX century (in three parts) - Moscow, 1912-1914
5. Young years Mikhail Bakunina. From the history of Russian romanticism (Moscow, 1914)

1. Peasant reform in the Kaluga province at V.A. Artsimovich "(St. Petersburg, 1904)
2. Fiftieth anniversary of the Literary Fund. 1859 - 1090 "(St. Petersburg, 1909)
3. Articles Die BauernFrage in the Collection of Russen Uber Russia (Frankfurt am Main, 1905) and The Napoleonic Wars and Later History (in the magazine "Russian Review")