Politics requires essays from people. Politics requires great flexibility of mind from the people who deal with it; she does not know the immutable rules given once and for all. (G. Plekhanov). Essay topic: “There will be no freedom if the judiciary is not separated from power for

The historian V. Klyuchevsky, in his statement, raises the problem of the need for professional qualities for representatives of political power. This problem is really relevant, since the internal and external position of the state, and therefore the well-being of the citizens of this state, depends on the activities of politicians.

I agree with the opinion of the famous historian. Building political relations requires certain qualities, the readiness of a politician to make difficult important political decisions. Politics is an incredibly unpredictable activity especially in modern times. Every day there are events that bring together, then alienate states from each other, or something happens within the state and politicians are obliged to make a decision immediately.

Let's consider the statement from different aspects.

On the one hand, political relations are in constant dynamics and it is quite difficult to work out some kind of universal solution. Even impossible. On the other hand, there are enough examples in history when the experience of solving one political problem helped to resolve another political situation.

Let us turn to the theoretical meaning of the statement. Political power is the right, the ability and the ability to defend and implement certain political Views, attitudes and goals. Political power has certain characteristics. First, it has the ability to use a wide variety of means of influencing the people and political situations.

Secondly, only she has the right to use force within the country. By its intended purpose, the power is classified into legislative, executive and judicial. To solve various political complexities, a politician needs to determine which branch of government needs to be addressed in a given situation, and, possibly, use them together. Political power carries out certain functions. Management of the affairs of the state and society at different levels, leadership of the authorities, the organization of political life, political relations, the creation of certain characteristic forms of government and the type of political system.

Let's look at examples from history. In the history of Russia in the second half of the 18th century, there were two wars with Ottoman Empire they both ended in victory, but received this victory in completely different ways. Catherine II, Pyotr Rumyantsev, commander A.V. Suvorov and other politicians of that time had a flexible mind, able to perfectly navigate situations. It is this quality that has helped to win a number of victories in the Balkan issue.

Another example is the Caribbean crisis of 1962. Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev and J. Kennedy were the first to find themselves in a situation where the world was on the brink of a nuclear war. To a greater extent, the analytical ability of politicians influenced the peaceful resolution of the Cuban missile crisis.

In conclusion, it must be said that the effectiveness, quality, literacy of political actions and decisions depends on the ability of representatives of political power to think multifaceted, diplomatically, scrolling through all possible decisions in their heads. Whenever the need arises.

Updated: 2018-03-26

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Politics.

Assignments for independent work and workshops.

4.1.-1. Power. Expanded answers.

4.2.-2. State. Expanded answers.

4.3.-1. Political system. Expanded answers.

4.4.-1. Political regime. Expanded answers.

4.6.-1. Civil society. Expanded answers.

4.8.-1. Political parties and movements. Work with text.

4.8.-2. Political parties and movements. Expanded answers.

4.9.-1. MEDIA. Work with text.

4.10.-1. Election campaign. Work with text.

4.12.-1. Political participation. Work with text.

Check yourself!

These assignments will help you test your knowledge of the topic.

ATTACHMENT

Work on the essay.

"Power devoid of authority is worse than explicit powerlessness." In a society ruled by a government devoid of authority among the people, a legal and democratic state exists only on paper. As Honore de Balzac wrote: "The power that is mocked is close to destruction." And in reality, in such a state, society is governed only by personal interests, the desire for inequality, violation of other people's rights and the law, despotism. Within the framework of this position, it is necessary to reveal the problems of eliminating permissiveness and the attitude of the people to the state apparatus and its work. The state has functions that under no circumstances can be transferred to non-state structures. These are the provisioning functions national security and state sovereignty (armed forces, border guards, crime control, etc.). And the degree of respect by the people of state power and trust in it depends on the quality, effectiveness, as well as the methods of their implementation. One of the main indicators of the effectiveness of the state apparatus is the fight against crime, that is, the fight against permissiveness and the establishment of the principle of justice in society. In a civilized modern state, the most important condition for the triumph of justice is the inevitability of punishment. After all, if punishment is provided for an act, and there is no system that executes and monitors its execution, then people will solve their problems by criminal, not legal methods. And the government, under which a person lives in constant fear for his life and his loved ones, will never achieve authority among the people. Another main factor in the conscientious work of the authorities is the implementation of the principle of equality of citizens before the law and court. As A.I. Herzen: “The masses want to stop the hand brazenly snatching from them a piece of bread earned by them - this is their main need. They are indifferent to personal freedom and independence of speech; the masses love authority, they are still blinded by the insulting splendor of power, they are still insulted by people, standing independently; they understand by equality of mass only uniform oppression. " The realization of equality in human relations, like many other social values, is carried out through law. Equality - inherent in law - is a property with a changing historical content. To different civilizations at different stages of their historical development inherent in their own circle of relations and the subjects involved in them, falling under the legal equality. IN modern society it is necessary that the authorities ensure equality in rights, before the law and before the courts of all citizens, regardless of the circumstances. But what exactly is power, devoid of authority, worse than obvious anarchy? In the clear absence of power, an open struggle for the right to rule the state begins, where the strongest usually wins at this stage of the country's development. And if the government is devoid of authority, this inevitably leads to a revolution or to a crisis in the state. But none civil War and no coup d'état ever solved all the problems in the country. As O. Bismarck wrote: "Revolutions are prepared by geniuses, carried out by fanatics, and crooks use the fruits of it." A striking example in the Russian history of a revolution that did not bring all the expectations of the rebels and arose due to the loss of confidence in the authorities in the country is the revolution of 1905-1907. Tsar Nicholas II was unable to make difficult decisions in time that would bring fundamental changes not only in social and spiritual life, but also in political life. But even the first Russian revolution did not solve all the problems that gave rise to it. Also, the revolutionary events of 1905-1907 had negative consequences for the country, or rather, for its economy: the activity of entrepreneurs has noticeably weakened, trade turnover has decreased, industrial production has decreased, and investment in the Russian economy has also been reduced. I think that in order for the authorities to have authority, they need to be in harmony with the people, carry out their will, and direct their activities for the benefit of the country and society.

"A political party is a union of people who have united in order to achieve the laws they all need" I. Ilyin A political party is a public organization that fights for power or for participation in the exercise of power, the goal of which is ultimately. Is the occupation of seats in parliament and the adoption of laws that determine the policy of the country. In addition to the struggle for power, any political party performs a number of other functions: expressing the interests of certain segments of the population, training and nominating political personnel, participating in election campaigns, educating loyal members, and shaping the political culture of citizens. A characteristic feature of a democratic state is a multi-party system. There can be two parties, as in England or America, or many, as in Russia. This is determined by the traditions of the country. Parties can differ in terms of their organizational principle, ideology, in relation to power, in the type of membership, in the way they operate and in the scale of the political spectrum. The party is a union of like-minded people, which is the bearer of a certain ideology and which is aimed at conquering power. In order to express the interests of as many voters as possible, parties form factions. The backbone of the party is the electorate - voters who regularly cast their votes for this party in elections. As a result of the elections, the party gets a certain number of seats in the country's parliament. Than more places in parliament, the more opportunities the party has to justify the trust of its voters and influence the adoption of laws in the country. The personality of the party leader plays an important role for voters, because many voters are guided not only by the party's program when voting, but also associate their expectations with the charisma of a certain leader. Representatives of political parties make up the country's political elite - a group of people with influence, prestige, directly involved in decision-making related to political power. With the collapse of the totalitarian regime in the USSR and the abolition of Article 6 of the Constitution, a multi-party system began to take shape in the Russian Federation. The 1993 Constitution of the Russian Federation proclaimed ideological diversity. Modern political parties in Russia are United Russia, Communist Party, Liberal Democratic Party, Patriots of Russia, Fair Russia, Just Cause, RODP Yabloko. Ruling party is United Russia, which for a number of years has been adopting laws in parliament that, in my opinion, contribute to the stabilization of the state and the consolidation of democratic social forces... Extremist political parties are prohibited in our state. I am not yet a member of any political party, but I like the program of the United Russia party, so I am going to support this organization in the elections. A political party, having come to power, adopts the laws it needs, but ordinary voters help the party to come to power, so everyone should take an active life position.

“Bad authorities are elected by good citizens who do not vote” D. Nathan. Power is not legitimate if citizens did not vote for it without coming to the polls; we are all responsible for the government we have. Political power is the right, the ability and the ability to defend and implement political views, attitudes, goals. In a democratic state, the source of power is the people, because democracy is a political regime in which power belongs to all or the majority of free citizens who obey the law. Democracy can be mediated and direct. In the first case, the interests of citizens are protected by a representative, and in the second, citizens themselves express and defend their interests. Elections are a prime example of the manifestation of democracy. The main principles of elections are alternatives, secrecy, equality, universality. Citizens have active suffrage (can choose) and passive (can be elected). The problem of absenteeism - the evasion of citizens who have an active right to vote from participation in elections and referenda, is very relevant today. The reasons for absenteeism can be: distrust of the authorities, disappointment in the current policy, personal qualities of a person. Absenteeism can also be a form of a kind of protest of citizens against the policy of the authorities. But as O. Bismarck said “non-participation in politics does not exempt from its results”. Therefore, taking a passive position, thinking that we cannot influence the government, we are making a big mistake, thereby giving the opportunity to come to power for those forces that are not interested in carrying out progressive reforms. Participation in political life is directly related to the political culture of citizens, which is brought up in the family and school. Perhaps the attitude of the citizens of our country to participation in political life was influenced by the presence of a totalitarian regime in our country for a long time. The elections were held on a non-alternative basis, the one-party system prevailed, citizens could not influence the political development of the country. This led to a gap between the people and the government, to the violation of human rights and freedoms. Today we live in a democratic state. The political rights of citizens are recorded in the Constitution of the Russian Federation, adopted at a nationwide referendum. This is the right to elect and be elected, and the right to peaceful gatherings, and to appeal to the authorities. This year I will be 18 years old. To participate in the elections, in the formation of the political elite of our society was my old dream. I believe that every citizen should take elections seriously, understand how important his vote is. The government that we have, the laws by which we live, directly depends on our conscious participation in the political life of society.

1. "Politics requires great flexibility of mind from the people involved in it: it does not know the unchanging, once and for all given rules ...". V. Klyuchevsky 2. "Politics should be nothing more and nothing less than an applied history." V. Klyuchevsky 3. "Good politics does not differ from good morality." G. Mably 4. "The leader must in advance reckon with the possibility of both success and failure." P. Sire 5. "The true equality of citizens is that they are all equally subject to the laws." J. D'Alembert 6. “There will be no freedom if the judiciary is not separated from the legislative and executive powers”. C. Montesquieu 7. “Big politics is just common senseapplied to great deeds. " Napoleon I 8. "When a tyrant rules, the people are silent, but the laws do not work." Saadi 9. "Dexterous vote-pickers become rulers." K. Pobedonostsev 10. "Morality is useless without politics, politics without morality is inglorious." A. Sumarokov 11. "Power corrupts, absolute power corrupts absolutely." J. Acton 12. “Someone will be called the true ruler, if he is in control of himself and does not serve vile desires”. Izbornik, 1076 13. "There is a minimum level of education and awareness, outside of which voting becomes its own caricature." I. Ilyin 14. "Democracy is a bad form of government, but mankind has not come up with anything better." W. Churchill 15. "Power based on a false idea is doomed to perish from its own arbitrariness." V. Korolenko 16. "Only a strong state provides freedom to its citizens." J.-J. Rousseau 17. "Democracy is a mechanism to ensure that we are no better governed than we deserve." B. Shaw 18. "Man by nature is a political being." Aristotle 19. "Only a few can make politics, but everyone can judge it." Pericles 20. “The goal of politics is the common good; people and authorities must obey the law. " Aristotle

This statement of the famous Russian public figure early 20th century, "the father of Russian Marxism", refers to the topic of political participation. In one way or another, all citizens participate in the political life of the country, some to a greater extent, some to a lesser extent. Political participation is the activity of a person with the aim of somehow influencing the policy pursued by the state. It is divided into casual, part-time and professional. The statement refers to people who are professionally involved in politics.

The meaning of the quote I have chosen is that governing a state is a difficult task, because the state has as its goal to ensure the welfare of every citizen, and there are millions of them. Therefore, a politician must be able to think in the interests of the state as a whole and of each individual. In politics, indeed, there are no clear and regulated rules of action; every action of the state is a response to the processes taking place in society. Even a well-thought-out policy will change under the influence of society, because society is a dynamic self-developing system. The ancient Greek philosopher Plato believed that only philosophers, the wisest people who can analyze the situation and find a solution, can be politicians. A policy that is not directed at the needs of the people, limited only to flirting with the masses, is called politicking. It undoubtedly leads to the degradation of the political life of society. An example of a well-thought-out policy is the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, signed before the Great Patriotic War and allowed the USSR to prepare at least a little for the upcoming meeting with the enemy, although Germany was not an ally of the Soviet Union before. Likewise, now relations between Russia and the United States are either at their peak or at an impasse due to various misunderstandings (take, for example, the Magnitsky Act). All this is decided by the political elites of the countries, acting in the interests of their state.

Thus, people who are in political power, ideally, should be educated, erudite and clearly understand what the citizens of the country need, it is then that the state policy will become truly effective, leading to the prosperity of the nation.

📋 Arguments for the Social Studies ESSAY

☑ Selection of arguments for the "POLITICS" block! ☑

ℹ "Power corrupts, absolute power corrupts absolutely" (J. Acton)
💡 Argument 1:
A ruler endowed with great power ceases to care about the well-being of the whole people and tries to strengthen his position even more. Take, for example, the first Russian Tsar Ivan IV the Terrible: striving for unlimited autocracy, he introduced oprichnina in the camp, which consisted of mass terror, violence, the elimination of not only disgruntled boyars, but any opposition. So, on suspicion of treason, many innocent people were executed, which ultimately led the country to a crisis, the ruin of cities and the death of a huge number of people.
💡Argument 2:
My family also faced the consequences of unlimited power during the reign of J.V. Stalin. During the dispossession of the kulaks, my grandmother's family was repressed, her father was sent to the Gulag, and six children were forced to live in a barrack with the same repressed families. Stalin's policy was aimed at equalizing the strata of the population, but the number of dispossessed people during the years of his rule significantly exceeded the number of real kulaks, which is a clear violation of human rights and freedoms.

ℹ "The whole secret of politics is to know the time when to lie, and to know the time when to keep silent" (Marquise de Pompadour)
💡 Argument 1:
The situation in Ukraine, which has become a stumbling block between Russia and the West, can serve as a vivid example. The West presents information about this situation in such a light, where the main enemy is Russia, and in Russia - on the contrary. Certainly, the politics of a country implants disinformation in the minds of people, but both do it in order to influence political psychology (emotions, feelings) and people's behavior.

ℹ “Politics requires great flexibility of mind from the people involved in it: it does not know the unchanging, once and for all given rules ...”. (G.V. Plekhanov)
💡 Argument 1:
An illustrative example is the system of the republican form of government in Ancient Greece and Rome, when, in the conditions of wars and severe cataclysms, a dictatorship was appointed in the country, and with a decrease in threats, the country "returned" to the mainstream of democracy. ("Flexible" policy)
💡Argument 2:
In the 14th century, the Moscow prince Yuri Danilovich also demonstrated the ability to "maneuver" politically, thereby improving polit. position of Moscow at that time and securing its status as head. Yuri fought for a long time with the Tver prince Mikhail Yaroslavich, which ultimately ended in favor of Moscow.
The prince, thanks to his flexible policy in relations with the Golden Horde, achieved significant political successes: he enlisted the support of Khan Uzbek, by marrying his sister, received a label for the great reign. As a result, his main rival - Prince of Tver Dmitry Mikhailovich - admitted defeat and made peace with the Moscow prince

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• Examples of school essays with comments
• Topicessay: "Democracy is a bad form of government, but humanity has not come up with anything better" W. Churchill
• Comment
• The author of the statement is the famous English politician of the XX century. Winston Churchill. In 1940-1945, 1951-1955. he served as Prime Minister of Great Britain. The statement refers to 1947, a speech by W. Churchill in the House of Commons of the English Parliament.
• The meaning of this statement can be determined through the key position that characterizes democracy as a bad (imperfect) form of government and at the same time as the best among the existing forms political organization society. The relevance of the problem can be considered in the context of the post-war development of the world and modern society.
• Analyzing the statement of W. Churchill, it is important to take into account its comparative and evaluative nature. The author touches upon the problem of various political regimes: democratic and non-democratic (totalitarian).
• Expressing your attitude to Churchill's statement, it is necessary to use social science concepts that characterize the principles and values \u200b\u200bof democracy: democracy, election of government bodies, political pluralism, equality of citizens, a wide range of human and civil rights and freedoms.

• At the same time, it is necessary to reflect and weak sides democracy and give a number of arguments, including the following. Questions are discussed in it for a long time, and decisions on them are difficult to make. It requires a lot of procedures. When making political decisions, it is necessary to constantly reconcile interests, achieve consensus in the context of political pluralism. In democracies, political crises, government resignations, dissolution of legislative bodies, and procedures for impeachment of the president are frequent. Democracy requires a high level of political and legal culture of citizens, and in its absence it can degenerate into a dictatorship or anarchy.
• It is also necessary to note the features of totalitarianism as a political regime in which complete control of the state over society is established, the ruling elite is not limited by law and is not responsible to the people, a one-party political system is formed, the rights and freedoms of citizens are violated, repression is applied, and the media are controlled. Comparative analysis-reasoning will help express your attitude to the statement, agree with it or refute it on the facts of history, life of modern society, personal social experience.

Essay topic: J. D'Alembert

• Essay topic:"The true equality of citizens is that they are all equally subject to the laws." J. D'Alembert
• Comment
• The author of the statement is a famous French educator XVIIIcentury. It touches upon an important problem of the rule of law, in which the law acts as the highest and universal norm. The laws must be enforced not only by ordinary citizens, but also by the sovereigns themselves. In history we come across many examples when monarchs, representatives of the privileged estates, did not obey legal norms. So it was in absolute monarchies... For example, Emperor Paul I, explaining to his subordinates where their law is, hit himself in the chest. This happened in states with totalitarian regimes, including the USSR.
• We can say that cases of disobedience to laws and the absence of punishments for this are found in almost all types of societies, including modern ones. Therefore, the problem of "true equality of citizens in obedience to the laws" posed by J. D'Alembert in XVIIIcentury, is still relevant today. The approval of the principles of the rule of law means that political power is placed under the auspices of law, its control.

Essay topic:"There will be no freedom if the judiciary is not separated from the legislative and executive powers." C. Montesquieu

• Essay topic:"There will be no freedom if the judiciary is not separated from the legislative and executive powers." C. Montesquieu
• Comment
• This statement belongs to the pen of the famous French educator of the 18th century C. Montesquieu, who went down in history as the founder of the theory of the separation of powers into legislative, executive and judicial. The quote reflects a very actual problem separation of powers and the consequences of non-observance of this principle of democracy for society. According to Montesquieu, state power should be divided into three branches and distributed among various government bodies... Such an order should prevent the concentration of power in one hand, that is, despotic rule. A dependent judiciary on the legislative and executive branches will question the understanding of the law as the highest and universal norm and its implementation. The monarch and the privileged estates will violate the laws, which will lead to the establishment of state arbitrariness, despotic power. Society will be deprived of rights and freedoms. For example, in the era of the national history of the reign of Peter I, there was no separation of powers, all power was concentrated in the hands of the emperor.
• Only in IIhalf of the 18th century, under the influence of the ideas of French philosophers, the enlightened Empress Catherine II carried out reforms to separate the judiciary from the administrative one. During the liberal reforms of Alexander IIthe judiciary became independent, and the judges were irreplaceable. These transformations contributed to the establishment of law and order, the fight against lawbreakers. Unfortunately, the era of Alexander's reforms IIgave way to the era of Alexander's counterreforms III.The problem of relations between the various branches of government has become acute again.
• According to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, in modern Russia, the judiciary is separated from the legislative power. However, at present, we can also observe the dependence of the judiciary on the legislative and executive authorities due to the weakness of democratic traditions and insufficient financial support of the courts. Therefore, the problem of the lack of freedom "in the event that the judiciary is not separated from the legislative and executive powers" is relevant now. An important principle of the operation of human and civil rights and freedoms is their equality. Article 19 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation proclaims: "All are equal before the law and the court, the state guarantees equality of human and civil rights and freedoms, regardless of gender, race, nationality, language, origin, property and official status." The equality of citizens before the law is enshrined in the constitutions of states. Since the law is intended to establish and maintain a uniform public order, every legal norm is generally binding. This means that the rule of law is binding on everyone. For example, in the Federal Republic of Germany, in the usual way, a criminal case was initiated against the Minister of Economy for non-payment of taxes, in the United States - against the second person in the state, the vice president.
• At the same time, the freedom of citizens, expressed in rights, has a certain measure. This measure must be equal for everyone, otherwise the right of one person becomes lawlessness, arbitrariness for another, turns into a one-sided privilege.
• The rule of law recognizes and constitutionally enshrines the freedom of people, their equality in rights as innate qualities of every person. Law and order form the basis civil society, the foundation of the rule of law.
• By developing laws and implementing them, the state assumes specific obligations to the individual. In turn, the individual is obliged to obey the general regulations of the state, to fulfill his constitutional obligations. There should be mutual responsibility of the state and the individual.

Essay topic: K. Pobedonostsev

• Essay topic:"Clever vote-pickers become rulers." K. Pobedonostsev
• The author of the statement is K.P. Pobedonostsev, professor of law at Moscow state university, Chief Prosecutor of the Holy Synod, Member of the Committee of Ministers Russian Empire... As a supporter of autocracy in Russia, he criticized the institution of parliamentarism and the mechanism of parliamentary elections in European practice, claiming that voters are a flock for candidates to collect votes.
• The problem posed in this statement is urgent and topical today for the world community and Russian state... So, the goal of many candidates for elections to government bodies in Russian Federation in 1995, 2000, it was gaining access to power not for the public good, but for personal gain by any means, legal and illegal. In the conditions of the emergence of democracy, insufficient experience in parliamentary elections, elections to the authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local self-government, not always the best representatives of the people could win the elections. Using such methods of manipulating public consciousness as populism, dirty electoral technologies, bribery of voters, dissemination of information compromising political rivals, some candidates skillfully collected votes at elections. Evaluation of such candidates as “clever vote-pickers” expresses the negative attitude of the citizen towards such candidates.
• However, it is hardly possible to fully agree with the point of view of K.P. Pobedonostsev. Rejecting parliamentarism in principle, he did not offer any other mechanism of communication between the authorities and society. Despite the shortcomings of the existing electoral system, democratic elections are an important mechanism for the realization of the right of citizens to participate in government, exercise of public control over the authorities, and the formation of the rule of law.
• In order for worthy candidates to become rulers, it is necessary to improve the electoral legislation, to raise the legal culture of citizens, the responsibility of the media for the quality of information, and to form the political ethics of the deputies of the state authorities.

Political Science Essay Topics

• Political Science Essay Topics
• "Politics requires great flexibility of mind from the people involved in it: it does not know the unchanging rules given once and for all ..."
• V. Klyuchevsky
• 2. "Politics should be nothing more and nothing less than an applied history." V. Klyuchevsky
• 3. "Good politics is no different from good morality." G. Mably
• 4. "The leader must consider the possibility of both success and failure in advance." P. Cyr
• 5. "The true equality of citizens is that they are all equally subject to the laws." J. D'Alembert
• 6. "There will be no freedom if the judiciary is not separated from the legislative and executive powers." C. Montesquieu
• 7. "Big politics is just common sense applied to big things." Napoleon I
• 8. "When a tyrant rules, the people are silent, and the laws do not work." Saadi
• 9. "Dexterous vote-pickers become rulers."
• K. Pobedonostsev
• 10. "Morality is useless without politics, politics without morality is inglorious." A. Sumarokov

• 11. "Power corrupts, absolute power corrupts absolutely." J. Akto
• 12. "Someone will be called the true ruler, if he is in control of himself and will not serve vile desires." Izbornik, 1076
• 13. "There is a minimum level of education and awareness beyond which voting becomes its own caricature." I. Ilyin
• 14. "Democracy is a bad form of government, but mankind has not come up with anything better." W. Churchill
• 15. "Power based on a false idea is doomed to perish from its own arbitrariness." V. Korolenko
• 16. "Only a strong state provides freedom to its citizens." J.-J. Russo
• 17. "Democracy is a mechanism to ensure that we are no better governed than we deserve." B. Shaw
• 18. "Man by nature is a political being." Aristotle
• 19. "Only a few can make politics, but everyone can judge it." Pericles
• 20. “The goal of politics is the common good; people and authorities must obey the law. " Aristotle
• 21. "Any policy boils down to making life bearable for as many people as possible." F. Nietzsche

Examples of school essays

• Examples of school essays
• Essay topic:"Not everything that the law allows is allowed by the conscience" Plato
• The ratio of morality and law has worried the minds of people for many centuries. The norms of morality and law often govern the same aspects of society. In modern conditions, one of the most important regulators of social relations, designed to ensure stability and social harmony in society, is the law. However, the question arises: is a person guided only by laws when determining for himself the measures of possible and permissible behavior? Of course not. Since ancient times, people have listened to their inner voice, the voice of conscience, which has always affirmed justice and the truth of life for everyone, defining the edge of the permissibility of an act. Therefore, I fully share the idea of \u200b\u200bthe well-known aphorism, which says that not everything that the law allows is allowed by the conscience. Let's turn to the realities of modern reality. IN recent times our country has taken a decisive step towards improving legislation. So. for example, one of the most important principles of Russian electoral law is voluntariness. Nobody has the right to force a citizen to participate in elections. However, the question arises: does conscience allow not to participate in elections? Of course not. The inner voice convinces a person of the need to use his active suffrage, because the nationwide vote depends further destiny state. It is gratifying to note that citizens are becoming more aware of this, more actively manifesting their civic position. Thus, more than 70% of the population took part in the 2004 presidential elections in the Russian Federation. A huge number of examples can be cited when the permissibility established by law comes into sharp conflict with that. what is permitted by conscience. It is clear that not every law corresponds to people's ideas about justice, goodness, humanity. The law is the result of the action of the mind, first of all, and not of the soul. However, I would like to believe that a person's capabilities, determined by law, will finally be able to find a compromise with the permission of the conscience of each of us. I think that in order to avoid the confrontation between the law and conscience, you need to strive to ensure that the law corresponds to people's ideas about justice, is not too soft or too cruel. Even Roman lawyers understood perfectly well that law, laws regulate people's behavior, but only within the framework that is set by morality, cultural norms, and conscience. T. Ivanova

Essay topic:

• Essay topic:"Why do they say:" The contract is more valuable than money? "
• We live in a country in whose economy market relations are developing. Russia embarked on the path of developing market relations in the early 90s of the XX century. Of course, in the conditions of development of market relations, contractual relations play the main role, it is not for nothing that they say that “a contract is more expensive than money”.
• The economic history of human development is unthinkable without the use of treaties. In the history of Russia, one can find many examples of the fact that non-fulfillment of agreements entails grave consequences for all the parties who have entered into it. I will give just one example: in 1918, the state nationalized all property, all investments of foreign investors in Russia, that is, it violated almost all agreements between Russia and the world community, than for decades it isolated itself from economic cooperation with foreign countries. But I consider the implementation of international treaties even more important, because the security and stability of all mankind depend on them.
• In March 2003, the United States and Great Britain launched a war against Iraq. In my opinion, by their actions, they violated the basic principles of international law: non-interference in the affairs of a sovereign state and subordination to the UN Security Council when developing military plans. This resulted in thousands of killed people and hundreds of broken lives, and most importantly, a violation of the stability of the whole world and an increase in mistrust in international organizations.
• I believe that no purpose can justify a breach of contract unless otherwise specified by law. In understanding modern people a contract is an agreement between several subjects of law that establishes, modifies or cancels our rights and obligations. We are meeting with different kinds contracts almost every day - these are contracts of sale, donation, privatization, exchange, contract and many others. Some of the contracts are regulated by the state, and for their violation there are penalties: payment of a forfeit, compensation for damage for violation of the contract, the possibility of termination of the contract by a person who has suffered from its failure. Fostering in a person respect for his partners, his awareness that fulfilling his duties is beneficial primarily for himself, is one of the conditions for creating a civil society in our country and building a legal state. A. Chertov

». C. Montesquieu

• Essay topic: “Laws for everyone should have the same meaning». C. Montesquieu
• The equality of all members of society before the law has always been humanity's dream. The person in power always endowed himself with greater privileges than everyone else. Over time, the wonderful dream of equality of all citizens before the law finds more and more embodiment in the life of modern societies. But it was not always so.
• In ancient Egypt, the state subjugated everyone by force, slavery flourished. The population of the country deified power, the Egyptians could not even imagine that the law could apply to power. From the history Ancient Rome we know about the desire of the Romans to implement the famous postulate of law "Law is higher than power", but in practice the ancient Roman society was also far from ideal.
• In the Age of Enlightenment - the time of revaluation of values \u200b\u200bby people, awareness of the importance of knowledge - the motto became the leitmotif: "Let humanity perish, but justice will prevail." Equality of people before the law was recognized as the ideal of a just government. J.-J. Rousseau wrote: "Right is not yet right, since the state itself has not become legal, that is, a political power that recognizes the unconditional rule of law." Currently, many states can call themselves legal states. Western Europe went from the proclamation of equality before the law in the 18th century to real guarantees of freedom, equality, and legality by the state for every person in the 20th century.
• Modern Russia for more than 10 years it has been living according to the principles of the rule of law declared in the Constitution of the Russian Federation, but we are still only at the beginning of the implementation of the principles of the rule of law in our legal system. In modern society, the ideals of the rule of law are the sacred, unshakable foundations of the state structure: the rule of law, the rule of law, equality of all before the law, separation of powers, independence of the court, guarantees of human rights and freedoms, effective work law enforcement agencies, a high level of legal culture and legal awareness are a great achievement of modern civilization. L. Guriev

Essay Topics on Law

• Essay Topics on Law
• 1. "The essence of law lies in the balance of two moral interests: personal freedom and the common good." V. Soloviev
• 2. "We must become slaves to the laws in order to be free." Cicero
• 3. “A country devoid of laws and freedom is not a kingdom, but a prison; in it the captives are the nations. " F. Glinka
• 4. "The multiplicity of laws is not in favor of morals, and the multiplicity of processes is not in favor of laws." P. Buast
• 5. "When laws and decrees multiply, robberies and robberies grow." Lao Tzu
• 6. "The severity of the laws prevents their observance." O. Bismarck
• 7. "The true equality of citizens is that they are all equally subject to the laws." J. D'Alembert
• 8. "There, people dream of lawlessness." S.Lets
• 9. "He who exercises his right does not violate anyone's right." The principle of Roman law
• "Laws for everyone should have the same meaning."
• C. Montesquieu
• 11. "Justice without strength is useless, strength without justice is despotic." Latin dictum

• 12. "Conceived even if unrealized crime is still a crime." Seneca
• 13. "Freedom is the right to do everything that is permitted by law." C. Montesquieu
• 14. "Freedom is to depend only on laws." Voltaire
• 15. "Extreme observance of the rule of law can be extreme lawlessness." Terence
• 16. "The state finds order in law, and law in the state - the power that it asserts." A. Kenenov
• 17. "The most sworn enemy of law is privilege." M. Ebner-Eschenbach
• 18. "The judge - speaking lawand the law is a dumb judge. " Cicero
• 19. "To be free, you must obey the laws."
• Antique aphorism
• 20. "Not everything that the law permits, the conscience allows." Plato
• 21. "The biggest crime is impunity." B. Shaw
• 22. "Your duty is to preserve the laws, to ignore the faces of the strong."
• G. Derzhavin
• 23. "Make only a few laws, but make sure they are followed." J. Locke
• 24. "Duty without right is slavery, right without duty is anarchy." Lamennais