Special forces of Belarus. The special operations forces of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus (MTR AF RB) are the youngest branch of the troops Special forces troops in Belarus
Almost everyone knows that there are special forces in Uruchye, Maryina Gorka, Minsk, there are groups "Alfa" and "Almaz". However, few people know how these structures differ among themselves, who controls them, what is their function.
"Nasha Niva" presented a brief overview of the main Belarusian special forces.
Uruchenskaya special forces brigade
The third separate Red Banner spetsnaz brigade (military unit 3214, Uruchye) was formed in the 1990s on the basis of the 334th regiment of the 120th division. It is prepared both to disperse street actions and to participate in special operations. This is the shock unit of the Internal Troops. Its number is about 1500-2000 people. The unit consists of several units - special forces battalions, a Special Rapid Response Unit (SOBR) and support units.
The main tasks of the brigade are the fight against terrorism, actions in case of emergencies, combat training in case of a military threat.
In peacetime, the brigade's fighters perform the functions of protecting public order. Often, representatives of the brigade go on assignments outside of Minsk. For example, they are guarding the "Slavianski Bazaar".
During street opposition rallies, the Uruchensk brigade is usually kept on a hedge. They are used only in extreme cases, when the PMSN cannot handle the demonstrators. Several times Pavlichenko's fighters were spotted during the past presidential elections.
Pavlichenko himself, being the commander of the brigade, has repeatedly stated that he is trying to educate soldiers in the "spirit of Orthodoxy." There is a temple on the territory of the unit.
Combat training is of great importance, it is several times stricter than in other military units. The program includes acrobatics, hand-to-hand combat, strength training, athletic gymnastics, cross-country races. Great importance is attached to shooting from different types weapons, as well as tactical and special training for actions in various situations.
It should be noted that most of the rank and file fighters are in the brigade for a year or a half. This is a typical term of service in the army.
It was Pavlichenko who figured in the cases of Zakharenko and Gonchar - while those cases were being investigated by the KGB. In 2000, Lukashenko dismissed the chairman of the KGB Matskevich and the prosecutor general Bazhelko, and everything stopped.
Minsk Special Police Regiment
The regiment was formed in the fall of 2005, shortly before the presidential elections. The PMSN was created on the basis of the OMON, and was headed by Yuri Podobed. As Anatoly Kuleshov, the then head of the Municipal Department of Internal Affairs of the Minsk City Executive Committee (today's Minister of Internal Affairs), explained, the main purpose of the regiment's creation was to protect public order during various mass actions.
According to him, the soldiers of this unit must be prepared for cataclysms, catastrophes, accidents of a natural and man-made nature. The third reason Kuleshov said was that the creation of the regiment would enable other police officers to fulfill their immediate duties. Regiment employees wear black uniforms. They were the ones who mainly took part in the dispersal of street actions, including those on Oktyabrskaya Square.
The PMSN was created at the personal request of Yuri Podobed, who complained that the number of events that needed protection was constantly growing in the country. The staff was also significantly increased.
Now the PMSN is managed by Alexander Lukomsky. He graduated from the Leningrad Higher Political School of Internal Troops (1992), the Police Academy (1998), the command and staff faculty of the Military Academy (2002). Prior to that, he headed the capital's police brigade of internal troops (military unit 5448).
Maryina Gorka
Near Minsk, in Maryina Gorka (Pukhovichi district), there is the 5th separate special-purpose brigade. But these are not the Internal Troops. This special forces belongs to the Ministry of Defense.
The formation of the brigade began in 1962.
Behind soviet times the fighters reached the level of training that corresponded to the Vympel detachment of the KGB of the USSR. The fighters from Maryina Gorka took an active part in the Afghan conflict. Two years after the withdrawal from there, the paratroopers from Maryina Gorka again went to war. Almost the entire brigade (805 people) under the command of Colonel Borodach was in Armenia.
On December 31, 1992, former Soviet special forces officers swore allegiance to Belarus. The main areas of training for today's fighters in the unit are sabotage and reconnaissance. Scouts are taught to overcome swamps, water obstacles, forests. For this, exercises are often conducted in the forests. For ten days they are in an unknown locality.
In Maryina Gorka, they believe that their part is the most elite in the country. There is an unofficial competition and confrontation between the special forces from Uruchya and Maryina Gorka. Both there and there believe that their part is the best.
In 1996, the former head of the Maryina Gorka unit, Colonel Borodach, sided with the Constitution, against Lukashenka.
"Diamond"
In fact, the Belarusian special forces began with "Almaz" in the late 1980s. True, then this unit had the name "Berkut", and the main purpose was to organize detachments of prison anti-terror. They were created in other Soviet republics as well.
Now it is a kind of rapid reaction unit. In 1994, the then head of the Berkut and the future Minister of Internal Affairs Vladimir Naumov came up with an initiative to rename the special unit to Almaz. In a memo for the soldiers, Naumov once wrote: "Always remember that a special forces officer must be clean and hard as a diamond."
In 2002, the Almaz base was opened personally by Alexander Lukashenko.
In the event of an alarm, the "Almighty" must arrive at the base within 5-7 minutes. And within 20 minutes, reconnaissance and combat group are sent to the scene of the incident anywhere in the country. After another 20 minutes, the second group leaves behind.
The functions of the "Almazov" include the fight against terrorist activities, the release of hostages, and the neutralization of explosives. "Almazovtsy" once detained suspects in the murder of Russian journalist Paul Khlebnikov in Minsk.
"Almazovets" must train at least three times a week. These are not only sports exercises, fighters also go to hurdles, manholes, stairs in full gear.
Basically, "Almaz" includes officers from similar units of the Ministry of Defense, police special forces, security services of the head of state, border troops... As a rule, these are people who have given the service at least five years and have already participated in special operations. Serving in "Almaz" and women - negotiators and snipers.
It was the employees of "Almaz" who beat the presidential candidate Alyaksandr Kazulin on March 2, 2006. Fighters of the same detachment detained Mikalai Autukhovichi and his associates this year. It was the former "Almazovtsy" who were convicted in the case of the disappearance of cameraman Dmitry Zavadsky.
"Almaz" is headed by Colonel Nikolai Karpenkov. He was still in "Berkut", when from 1992 to 1994. was the commander of the unit's combat group. In 2003, Karpenkov returned to Almaz as a commander.
"Alpha"
The Alpha group under the USSR State Security Committee was created back in 1974. In March 1990, the then chief Chekist of the Union, Kryuchkov, signed a decree on the additional introduction of the Alpha group based in Minsk. Localization and prevention of terrorist and extremist acts, especially dangerous criminal manifestations that threaten the country's security, were named among the goals of the group's creation. Initially, the group also operated in the Baltic countries.
Interestingly, until January 1992, "Alpha" was directly subordinate to the head office under the President of the USSR. Only later did it become part of the structure of the Belarusian KGB. The "Alpha" fighters provide physical defense and security of the Belarusian leadership and distinguished foreign guests. The new responsibilities also included the fight against illegal export of valuable metals, material and historical values \u200b\u200boutside the country.
When creating Alpha, preference was given to Afghan officers, Vedeveshniks, professional athletes... Now higher education and military service is compulsory for candidates. Also, attention is paid to the ability to endure great psychological and physical exercise... The age of the fighters is 30-35 years old.
It is noted that staff turnover at Alpha is very low. It takes four to five years to become a real professional. All this time, the fighter is in second and third roles. One complete outfit of the "alpha" member (body armor, helmet, weapon, ammunition) weighs over 20 kilograms.
The deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the XII convocation from the BPF Syarhei Naumchik in his memoirs asserts that it was the employees of "Alpha" who beat the deputies from the opposition, who went on a hunger strike in the oval hall.
For some time there were rumors that the Alpha fighters were gaining military experience in Chechnya, but the group's leadership stubbornly denies this. The head of the Alpha group is Colonel Nikolai Ivinsky.
Border special forces
The border guards also have their own special forces. This is a separate service of active events, perhaps the most closed and little-known special unit.
OSAM appeared after the collapse of the Soviet Union, in 1993. The first chief was Gennady Nevyglas.
First of all, the creation of a special unit was explained by the fight against illegal migration. Mostly citizens from Asian countries to Europe. This was precisely the first task.
Later, new ones appeared - the fight against economic crime and drug trafficking, countering transit terrorism and human trafficking.
Verification of the future Osamo man lasts from a year to two. During this time, the service record of the fighter, all close and distant relatives are checked with special attention. The average age of officers is 33 years. On the uniform chevron of the OSAM fighter there are two crossed balls and a wind rose against the background of the contour of the country.
At one time, the OSAM was headed by the current chairman of the Border Committee, Igor Rachkovsky. And the eldest sons of Lukashenka, Viktor and Dmitry, served in the special forces.
1. Uruchenskaya special forces brigade. (military unit 3214, Uruchye).
T retya separate Red Banner special forces brigade (military unit 3214, Uruchye) was formed in the 1990s on the basis of the 334th regiment of the 120th division. It is prepared both to disperse street actions and to participate in special operations. This is the shock unit of the Internal Troops. Its number is about 1500-2000 people. The unit consists of several units - special purpose battalions, Special Rapid Response Unit (SOBR) and support units.
The main tasks of PMSN
1. Ensuring personal and property security of citizens on the streets and in other public places.
2. Ensuring the protection of public order during mass events.
3. Prevention and suppression of offenses, group violations of public order and riots.
4. Participation, together with other services and divisions of the internal affairs bodies (OVD), in the arrest of armed criminals, suppression of the activities of organized groups and criminal organizations.
5. Participation in special events and operations carried out by ATS.
The main tasks of the brigade are: the fight against terrorism, actions in the event of emergencies, and combat training in the event of a military threat.
In peacetime, the brigade's fighters perform the functions of protecting public order. Often, representatives of the brigade go on assignments outside of Minsk. For example, they are guarding the "Slavianski Bazaar".
During street opposition rallies, the Uruchensk brigade is usually kept on a hedge. They are used only in extreme cases, when the PMSN cannot handle the demonstrators.
Pavlichenko himself, being the commander of the brigade, has repeatedly stated that he is trying to educate soldiers in the "spirit of Orthodoxy." There is a temple on the territory of the unit.
Combat training is of great importance, it is several times stricter than in other military units. The program includes acrobatics, hand-to-hand combat, strength training, athletic gymnastics, cross-country races. Great importance is attached to shooting from different types of weapons, as well as tactical and special training for actions in various situations.
It should be noted that most of the rank and file fighters are in the brigade for a year or a half. This is a typical term of service in the army.
2. Minsk Special Police Regiment
The regiment was formed in the fall of 2005, shortly before the presidential election. The PMSN was created on the basis of the OMON, and was headed by Yuri Podobed... Anatoly Kuleshov, the then head of the Municipal Department of Internal Affairs of the Minsk City Executive Committee (today's Minister of Internal Affairs), explained that the main purpose of the regiment's creation was to protect public order during various mass actions.
According to him, the soldiers of this unit must be prepared for cataclysms, catastrophes, accidents of a natural and man-made nature. The third reason Kuleshov called the fact that the creation of the regiment would enable other police officers to fulfill their immediate duties. Regiment employees wear black uniforms.
The PMSN was created at the personal request of Yuri Podobed, who complained that the number of events in the country that needed protection was growing all the time. The staff was also significantly increased.
Admission to the service in the special police regiment of the Main Internal Affairs Directorate of the Minsk City Executive Committee is carried out at competitive basis by concluding individual contracts with citizens of the Republic of Belarus.
Basic requirements for candidates:
citizenship of the Republic of Belarus;
the presence of urgent military service in the Armed Forces (absence urgent service does not exclude the possibility of admission to service in the Department of Internal Affairs on an individual basis in the presence of completed higher education);
absence of facts of lowering military rank during the period of compulsory military service;
age up to 25 years, however, options for an older age are possible, depending on the available length of service in the Armed Forces (decided on an individual basis);
the presence of a complete secondary, secondary specialized or higher education (preference is given to candidates with secondary specialized and higher education);
absence of convictions and administrative penalties from the candidate and close relatives, as well as other incriminating information from the territorial bodies of internal affairs at the place of birth and residence of the candidate and his close relatives;
positive characteristics of the candidate from all places of his service, study and work.
Those who applied for employment in the PMSN after passing a preliminary interview are sent for a medical commission to the polyclinic of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Belarus in order to determine fitness for service. Moreover, only those candidates who have the first and second degree of fitness for military service, established by the recruiting commission of the RVC when conscripted into the Armed Forces, are subject to referral. Those with a third degree of fitness can also be sent to the medical commission, but, as practice shows, such candidates are recognized as unfit for service in the PMSN, although their suitability for service in other, not special, divisions of the internal affairs bodies is not excluded.
When the military medical commission recognizes candidates as fit for service in the PMSN, they undergo preliminary training in the proposed position (policeman, policeman-driver), during which the candidate is familiarized with the conditions and specifics of service in the unit. In turn, the regiment staff study the moral and business qualities of the candidate in order to determine their suitability for service. The duration of the internship is at least one month. Physical training inspectors during the training period, the candidate takes tests in physical training.
When the management makes a decision on the possibility of accepting a candidate for service, a contract for service in the internal affairs bodies is concluded with him and the candidate is sent for initial training to the Training Center of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Belarus or to the Mogilev College of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Belarus. The contract is concluded for the period of initial training and then for 5 (five) years from the date of arrival for further service in the completing body. The contract provides for mandatory service for at least 5 years after training. Otherwise, the cost of the initial training may be charged.
Duration of initial training in Training center - 6 (six) months.
For candidates undergoing an emergency military service in the units of the internal troops of the Republic of Belarus, in exceptional cases, in agreement with the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the possibility of admission to service with initial training at the place of service is provided.
Behind detailed information contact the personnel department of the PMSN GUVD.
Maryina Gorka
Near Minsk, in Maryina Gorka (Pukhovichi district), there is the 5th separate special-purpose brigade. But these are not the Internal Troops. This special forces belongs to the Ministry of Defense.
The formation of the brigade began in 1962.
During Soviet times, fighters reached a level of training that corresponded to detachment "Vympel" of the KGB of the USSR... Fighters from Maryina Gorka took an active part in afghan conflict... Two years after the withdrawal from there, the paratroopers from Maryina Gorka again went to war. Almost the entire brigade (805 people) under the command of Colonel Borodach was in Armenia.
On December 31, 1992, former Soviet special forces officers swore allegiance to Belarus. The main areas of training for today's fighters in the unit are sabotage and intelligence... Scouts are taught to overcome swamps, water obstacles, forests. For this, exercises are often conducted in the forests. For ten days they are in an unknown locality.
In Maryina Gorka, they believe that their part is the most elite in the country. There is an unofficial competition and confrontation between the special forces from Uruchya and Maryina Gorka. Both there and there believe that their part is the best.
"Diamond"
Actually from "Almaz" and the Belarusian special forces began in the late 1980s... True, then this unit had the name "Golden eagle", and the main purpose was to organize prison anti-terror squads... They were created in other Soviet republics as well.
Now it is a kind of rapid reaction unit. In 1994, the then head of Berkut and the future Minister of Internal Affairs Vladimir Naumov came up with an initiative to rename the special unit to Almaz. In a memo for the fighters, Naumov once wrote: "Always remember that a special forces officer must be clean and hard as a diamond.".
In 2002, the Almaz base was opened personally by Alexander Lukashenko.
In case of alarm, the "Almazovite" must arrive at the base within 5-7 minutes... And within 20 minutes, reconnaissance and combat group are sent to the scene of the incident anywhere in the country. After another 20 minutes, the second group leaves behind.
The functions of the "Almazov" include the fight against terrorist activities, the release of hostages, and the neutralization of explosives. "Almazovtsy" once detained suspects in the murder of Russian journalist Paul Khlebnikov in Minsk.
"Almazovets" must train at least three times a week. These are not only sports exercises, fighters also go to hurdles, manholes, stairs in full gear.
Basically, "Almaz" gets officers from similar units of the Ministry of Defense, police special forces, the head of state's security service, and border troops. As a rule, these are people who have given the service at least five years and have already participated in special operations. Serving in "Almaz" and women - negotiators and snipers.
"Almaz" is headed by Colonel Nikolai Karpenkov. He was still in "Berkut", when from 1992 to 1994. was the commander of the unit's combat group. In 2003, Karpenkov returned to Almaz as a commander.
"Alpha"
The Alpha group under the USSR State Security Committee was created back in 1974. In March 1990, the then chief security officer of the Union Kryuchkov signed a decree on the additional introduction of the group "Alpha" based in Minsk... Localization and prevention of terrorist and extremist acts, especially dangerous criminal manifestations that threaten the country's security, were named among the goals of the group's creation. Initially, the group also operated in the Baltic countries.
Interestingly, until January 1992, "Alpha" was directly subordinate to the head office under the President of the USSR. Only then did it become part of the structure of the Belarusian KGB. The "Alpha" fighters provide physical defense and security of the Belarusian leadership and distinguished foreign guests. The new responsibilities also included the fight against illegal export of valuable metals, material and historical values \u200b\u200boutside the country.
When creating "Alpha", preference was given to Afghan officers, Vedeveshniks, professional athletes. Now higher education and military service are compulsory for candidates. Also, attention is paid to the ability to endure great psychological and physical stress. The age of the fighters is 30-35 years old.
It is noted that staff turnover at Alpha is very low. It takes four to five years to become a real professional. All this time, the fighter is in second and third roles. One complete outfit of the "alpha" member (body armor, helmet, weapon, ammunition) weighs over 20 kilograms.
Border special forces "OSAM" Separate service of active events.
The border guards also have their own special forces. This is a separate service of active events, perhaps the most closed and little-known special unit.
OSAM appeared after the collapse of the Soviet Union, in 1993. The first chief was Gennady Nevyglas.
First of all, the creation of a special unit was explained by the fight against illegal migration. Mostly citizens from Asian countries to Europe. This was precisely the first task.
Later, new ones appeared - the fight against economic crime and drug trafficking, countering transit terrorism and human trafficking.
Verification of the future Osamo man lasts from a year to two. During this time, the service record of the fighter, all close and distant relatives are checked with special attention. The average age of officers is 33 years. On the uniform chevron of the OSAM fighter there are two crossed balls and a wind rose against the background of the contour of the country.
At one time the OSAM was headed by the current Chairman of the Border Committee Igor Rachkovsky. And the eldest sons of Lukashenko, Viktor and Dmitry, served in the special forces.
Forces special operations The Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus (MTR Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus) are the youngest branch of the military. 08/01/2007 the command of the MTR of the Armed Forces was created. The command of the MTR is directly subordinate to the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus.
The command is the body of military command of the Armed Forces and is intended to control subordinate formations and military units, to guide their combat and mobilization training; planning the activities of special operations forces of the Armed Forces, organizing their construction and development, as well as resolving other issues within the competence of the command.
Commander of the Special Operations Forces of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus - Major General Vadim Denisenko
The Special Operations Forces include:
- 5th brigade (Maryina Gorka),
- 38th separate mobile brigade (Brest)
- 103rd separate mobile brigade (Vitebsk)
- 33rd separate detachment of special forces (Vitebsk).
The organizational and staffing structure of mobile brigades is as follows:
brigade management: headquarters, services;
combat military units and subunits
airmobile battalion;
2 separate mobile battalions
(in each BTR-80, MAZ vehicles, 82mm mortars, 40mm automatic grenade launchers AGS-17);
artillery battalion (122 mm D-30 howitzers);
anti-aircraft missile and artillery battalion (BTR-ZD "Grinding", MANPADS "Igla");
subdivisions combat support and communication;
subdivisions of logistic and technical support.
oBRSPN organizationally consists of:
Brigade management
-headquarters; service.
Combat military units and subunits
Special Forces units (detachments);
- communication unit.
Support divisions
Subdivision of the MTO;
- headquarters company;
-medical company.
Based on the analysis of trends in the development of the armed forces of foreign states, the experience of military conflicts of the last decade and the exercises conducted, it was determined that the special operations forces of the Armed Forces are designed to perform various tasks by special methods and methods, in order to prevent the escalation or termination of the armed conflict against the Republic of Belarus from the side of any aggressor, and are one of the main elements of strategic deterrence. Formations and military units of special operations forces are in constant readiness to timely use in both peaceful and war time... They can perform tasks independently or in cooperation with formations and military units of the Armed Forces, internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Belarus and the internal affairs bodies, the State Border Committee of the Republic of Belarus, newly formed operational detachments of the State Security Committee of the Republic of Belarus.
REPUBLIC OF BELARUS
At the turn of 80-90. of the last century, the rapidly developing instability strongly influenced all aspects of society. One of the important tasks was to bring down the wave of crime, to ensure order in society. Therefore, in the Republic of Belarus there are many special-purpose detachments, and at each power ministry.
ARMY SPECIAL FORCES
5th SEPARATE TEAM OF SPECIAL PURPOSE
HISTORY
Formed in 1962 as a reconnaissance airborne unit, it has a high level of combat training and vast combat experience. It is quartered in Maryina Gorka, Pukhovichi district, Minsk region. She participated in hostilities as part of a limited contingent of Soviet troops in Afghanistan, carried out special measures in the Transcaucasus during the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.
The appearance of such military units and formations in Soviet army caused by the presence of, as it was customary to call it, our potential enemy in Europe nuclear weapons tactical purpose. The tasks of the airborne brigades included the destruction of command posts and missile launchers, fuel and ammunition supply bases, the collection of intelligence, sabotage of communications, and in the future - and the organization of partisan movement on enemy territory. Spetsnaz was designed to carry out operations in the deep rear in small groups. All brigades were directly subordinate to the main intelligence directorate General Staff... Soon a unique unit appeared - a company consisting only of officers and warrant officers, well-trained professionals. The best of the best were selected, who perfectly mastered various styles of martial arts, shooting from all types of small arms, including Western models. Knowledge was a prerequisite foreign languages... The servicemen also underwent a course of light diving training under the program of naval special forces, mountaineering and piloting a motor hang-glider. The company was intended to carry out particularly important tasks in the interests of the GRU General Staff.
TRAINING
The main direction of training is reconnaissance and sabotage activities. Scouts are taught to overcome swamps, water obstacles. "Field - Soldier Academy" - soldiers spend about seven months a year at the training ground.
In order to complete the task without loss, away from the main forces, the spetsnaz must be a universal soldier. In his arsenal - the tactics of stealthy movement, knowledge of engineering, mastery of hand-to-hand combat techniques and first aid skills. Distinctive features - skillful management of all types of army transport and the ability to shoot accurately from various types of small arms, including trophy.
There are no mountains in Belarus, but there are many high-rise buildings. Therefore, the basis of training is urban mountaineering. Classes are held not only on the territory of the brigade, they are also organized jointly with colleagues from the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the KGB. Diving training classes are also held.
Special forces parachute from the sky, and the most different ways... Landing with high precision day and night, in any weather conditions... For this, new parachutes have entered service here, which allow scouts to jump from any height and at any speed. aircraft... In addition to parachutes, there are special forces in the arsenal of motorized hang gliders.
WEAPON
Like many special forces former republics USSR, the army special forces of Belarus are equipped with weapons and equipment of Soviet and Russian production.
Special Forces of the KGB "Alpha"
The Alpha group under the USSR State Security Committee was created in 1974. In March 1990, the then chairman of the KGB V. Kryuchkov signed an order on the creation of the 11th KGB group of the USSR with a deployment in Minsk. The document listed the tasks of the operational-combat unit being created: localization and suppression of terrorist and extremist acts, especially dangerous criminal manifestations. Area of \u200b\u200bactivity - Belarus and the Baltic republics.
From October 1991 to January 1992, the group was at the disposal of the main security directorate under the apparatus of the President of the USSR. Then she entered the structure of the central apparatus of the KGB of the Republic of Belarus. The group fighters performed special operational tasks, and in 1992-1994. was involved in ensuring the physical protection and safety of the leadership of Belarus and members of foreign delegations. The range of tasks gradually expanded; now it also includes the fight against organized crime, as well as the illegal export of precious metals, material and historical values \u200b\u200boutside the country.
SELECTION
When creating "Alpha" preference was given to officers with combat experience, former paratroopers, professional athletes. Today, candidates require higher education and military service. Particular attention is paid to the ability to endure great psychological and physical stress. The average age of the fighters is 30–35 years.
For a while, there were rumors that Alpha fighters were gaining military experience in Chechnya, but the group's leadership stubbornly denies this.
SPECIAL FORCES OF THE BORDER TROOPS
A separate service for active measures (OSAM) is a unit whose task is to carry out anti-terrorist activities in the border zone.
The history of the special forces of the border troops of the KGB under the Council of Ministers of the USSR began in 1981. The aim of the group operating in Afghanistan was to fight the counter-revolutionary underground and agents of the enemy special services.
OSAM appeared after the collapse of the Soviet Union, in 1993. Its first commander was Gennady Nevyglas. One of the primary tasks of the special forces was the fight against illegal migration. Later, new tasks appeared - the fight against economic crime and drug smuggling, countering terrorism and human trafficking.
On the uniform chevron of the OSAM fighter there are two crossed balls and a wind rose against the background of the contour of the country.
At one time the OSAM was headed by the Chairman of the Border Committee Igor Rachkovsky. And the eldest sons of the President of the country, Viktor and Dmitry Lukashenko, served in the special forces.
TASKS
The border guard special forces units are assigned the following tasks:
Conducting operations related to the implementation of operational information about hostile activities on the state border and at checkpoints through it for special services of foreign states, extremist and criminal groups;
Protection in extreme conditions of premises, vehicles and other objects of operational bodies;
Reconnaissance and search activities;
Ensuring the security of events carried out by the leadership of the border service;
Release of hostages from among the military personnel of the troops, bodies and organizations of the border service;
Study of the operational situation in the areas (places) of the proposed actions of the group, conducting reconnaissance of these areas (places)
Participation in special events related to the implementation of specific operational information, information from interacting law enforcement agencies;
Participation in the search and detention of armed groups and persons who have crossed or are trying to cross the border;
Ensuring the safety of the leadership of the border service during trips in the country and abroad;
Ensuring the security of the operational staff of the border service during activities at the state border;
Ensuring the personal safety of the military personnel of the SS and their family members in cases provided for by law;
Ensuring the group's own safety.
WEAPONS AND EQUIPMENT
Armament - predominantly Soviet and Russian production. The unit is equipped with modern radio stations. In cross-country vehicles, bumpers are additionally reinforced with rails, a steel bottom is welded on, and a rubber mixture is poured into the tires.
Special Forces of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs
3rd separate Red Banner special purpose brigade
The third separate Red Banner special forces brigade (military unit 3214, Uruchye) was formed on the basis of the 334th regiment of the 120th division. It is prepared both to disperse street actions and to participate in special operations. This is the shock unit of the internal troops. The number of personnel is 1500-2000 people. The brigade includes special-purpose battalions, special squad rapid response (SOBR) and support units.
The main tasks of the brigade are the fight against terrorism, actions in the event of emergencies, and preparation in the event of a military threat.
In peacetime, the brigade's fighters participate in maintaining public order in the capital of the republic, and often go on missions outside of Minsk. During street opposition rallies, the brigade is usually kept in reserve and used only in the most extreme cases.
Fighters receive comprehensive and varied training. The program includes acrobatics, hand-to-hand combat, strength training, athletic gymnastics, and cross-country races. Much attention is paid to shooting from different types of weapons, as well as tactical and special training for actions in various situations.
In fact, the special forces of the Ministry of Internal Affairs began with "Almaz". True, then this unit was called "Berkut", and its main purpose was to organize prison anti-terror. Similar detachments were created in other Soviet republics.
Today it is a rapid response unit. In 1994 the then head of the Berkut and the future Minister of Internal Affairs Vladimir Naumov came up with an initiative to rename the special unit to Almaz. On the basis of the department for correctional affairs of the former republics of the USSR, they urgently began to form a prison anti-terror unit. The order was signed on January 2, 1992. Vladimir Naumov, then the commander of a patrol company, was appointed the first commander of the unit.
The main tasks being solved at that time were:
Release of hostages;
Detention of armed criminals;
Elimination of riots in places of detention.
The forces of the then still small special forces carried out a number of operations to search for and detain dangerous criminals who escaped from the pre-trial detention centers of Minsk and Brest. The hostages captured by repeat offenders in the correctional colonies of Orsha and Minsk were released, and a mass escape from the colony in Shklov was prevented.
With the change in the nature of crime, the division also changed. During this time, many different criminal gangs appeared. They started talking about the mafia, thieves' authorities, the division of territories and spheres of influence. Belarusian terrorism did not confine itself to the walls of colonies. More extensive use of special forces was required. The question arose about the reorganization. A review of all special-purpose units was held, and the best "Almaz" was chosen.
Since the fall of 1994, the unit has been transformed into a special unit of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Belarus with subordination to the minister personally. Responsibility for the implementation of the most difficult tasks falls on the shoulders of the fighters: the elimination of terrorist attacks, the release of hostages, the detention of various criminal armed groups.
The history of the name of the special unit is unique - in many countries such formations are still called "Berkut" or "Sokol", and the Belarusians took a different path. The new name was not chosen by chance - the diamond symbolizes hardness, purity, nobility. In a memo for the soldiers, their commander once wrote: "Always remember that a special forces officer must be clean and hard as a diamond."
Over the years of its existence, SPBT "Almaz" has accumulated vast practical experience, terrorist attacks have been suppressed and about 100 hostages have been freed, more than five and a half thousand special operations have been carried out together with the operational divisions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs to search for and suppress the activities of organized criminal groups and organizations. One of the most resonant actions of "Almaz" was the arrest in Minsk of the suspects in the murder of Russian journalist Paul Khlebnikov.
TASKS
The main tasks are:
Prevention of terrorist attacks;
Detection and disposal of explosive devices;
Carrying out special measures to detect and detain dangerous armed criminals, to seize counterfeit banknotes, narcotic, chemical and radioactive substances and ammunition;
Ensuring the physical security of the operational staff of the Ministry of Internal Affairs;
Search and reconnaissance activities;
Protection of judges and persons of the controlling staff of the republic, high officials of the state and foreign delegations.
The following fact testifies to the combat readiness of the unit: in the event of an alarm, the Almazovite must arrive at the base within 5-7 minutes. And within 20 minutes, reconnaissance and combat group are sent to the scene of the incident anywhere in the country. After another 20 minutes, the second group leaves behind.
Basically, officers from similar units of the Ministry of Defense, police special forces, the head of state's security service, and border troops come to Almaz. As a rule, these are people who have given the service at least five years and have already participated in special operations. Serving in "Almaz" and women - negotiators and snipers.
The armament corresponds to the armament of other special forces of Belarus.
Minsk Special Police Regiment
The regiment was formed in the fall of 2005 on the basis of a special police detachment. Both then and now, the main task of the regiment is to maintain public order during various mass actions.
Other tasks were:
Ensuring personal and property safety of citizens on the streets and in other public places;
Prevention and suppression of offenses, group violations of public order and riots;
Participation, together with other services and subdivisions of the internal affairs bodies, in the detention of armed criminals, suppression of the activities of organized groups and criminal organizations;
Participation in special events and operations carried out by the internal affairs bodies.
In addition, the unit's fighters must be prepared for cataclysms, disasters, natural and man-made accidents.
From the book The Great Patriotic War of the Soviet People (in the context of World War II) author Krasnova Marina AlekseevnaTOPIC: USSR AND BELARUS ON THE EVE OF THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR 1. RESOLUTION OF THE CC CP (B) B "ON MEASURES FOR THE ORGANIZATION OF PEOPLE'S EDUCATION IN THE WESTERN REGIONS of the BSSR" Minsk, December 2, 1939 The Central Committee of the CP (b) of Belarus decides: 1. Announce all schools
From the book Triumph of Operation Bagration [Stalin's Main Strike] author Irinarkhov Ruslan SergeevichPart one. We returned to you, Belarus! In 1943, a radical change took place in the course of the entire Great Patriotic War. After bloody battles at Stalingrad, in the North Caucasus and the Kursk Bulge, in the Smolensk operation and in the Left-Bank Ukraine, the strategic
From the book Belarusian Collaborators. Cooperation with the occupiers on the territory of Belarus. 1941-1945 author Romanko Oleg ValentinovichNational Archives of the Republic of Belarus (Minsk, Belarus) F. 370. General Commissariat "Belarus". 1941 - 1944. Op. 1.D. 23, 90, 423, 443, 480, 1264, 1267, 1277, 1313, 1394, 1570, 2477; Op. 2.D. 24; Op. 6.D. 48, 49. F. 380. Belarusian Trust Council (BRD). 1942 - 1943. Op. 1.D. 1.F. 381. Belarusian Central Council (BCR). 1942
From the book Who helped Hitler? Europe in the war against the Soviet Union author Kirsanov Nikolay AndreevichThe Republic fights Rebel forces, advancing from the south and southwest, were getting closer every day to Madrid. On October 12, 1936, their entry into the capital was scheduled. The people's militia, exhausted in the fighting, fiercely resisted. The German and
From the book Lavrenty Beria [What the Sovinformburo was silent about] author Sever AlexanderPost-war Belarus Life in the first years of peace (after the liberation of the territory from the Nazi invaders) in the western regions of Belarus can hardly be called calm. One of the Far Eastern Chekists, recalling his work in the state security agencies, modestly and
From the book Encyclopedia of Special Forces of the World author Naumov Yuri YurievichREPUBLIC OF CHILE Anti-theft Aviation Unit Agrupacion Antisecuestros Aereos (ASA) The special unit of the Chilean Air Force Agrupacion Antisecuestros Aereos is a special group whose main function is to free hostages from hijacking aircraft in Chile. One of
From the author's bookSLOVAK REPUBLIC LYNX Group The predecessor of the LYNX division was the URNA group, formed in 1980 as part of the 13th Czech Police Department. At the turn of the 1990s. on the territory of Slovakia, the level of organized crime has significantly increased. In this regard, it was adopted
From the author's bookTURKISH REPUBLIC "Burgundy Berets" The Turkish Special Forces Brigade, also known as the "Burgundy Berets", is a special intelligence unit tasked with conducting reconnaissance and sabotage activities and organizing a partisan movement on
From the author's book From the author's bookRepublic of Austria STEYR AUG Manufacturer: Steyr - Mannlicbier AG & Co KG, ADI Limited, Lithgow Facility, SME Technologies Years of production: 1978 - present Years of operation: 1978 - present Designers: Horst Been, Karl Wagner, Karl Moser Serial release started in 1977; until now
From the author's bookITALIAN REPUBLIC Beretta AR-7D / 9D assault rifles The oldest and largest Italian arms company, Pietro Beretta Spa, began the development of a new 5.56 mm assault rifle in 1968.The rifle was ready by 1972 and under the designation Beretta AR-70/223 began apply for
From the author's bookREPUBLIC OF INDIA INSAS Assault Rifle By now, the Indian army has at least 300,000 INSAS assault rifles, in addition, India is trying to sell INSAS for export, in particular to Kenya and Nepal. INSAS assault rifles are produced at the state arsenal in
From the author's bookREPUBLIC OF INDONESIA Pindad SS2 Assault Rifle Pindad SS2 assault rifles are developed in Indonesia by the state-owned company RT Pindad. The SS2 rifles are based on the SS1 rifles, which are licensed copies of the Belgian FN FNC rifle, produced in
From the author's bookREPUBLIC OF KOREA Combined assault rifle - Daewoo K11 grenade launcher Combined assault rifle - K11 grenade launcher developed under the leadership of the Agency for Defense Development with the participation of a number of commercial firms such as Daewoo
From the author's bookAUSTRIAN REPUBLIC Pistol Glock-17 Pistol Glock-17 (17 - from the magazine capacity for 17 rounds) was developed by the Austrian company Glock for the Austrian army; this was the first experience in creating pistols - earlier the company produced only knives and sapper blades. Nonetheless
From the author's bookFRENCH REPUBLIC PGM UR Intervention Sniper Rifle The Ultima Ratio sniper rifle is manufactured by PGM Precision. A number of UR Intervention and Commando rifles enter service with the French armed forces to replace the FR F1 and FR F2 rifles.