world socialist system. III. world socialist system world socialism

The Soviet Union, having built socialism, is solving the tasks of communist construction not alone, but in the fraternal family of socialist countries. Now socialism is being built by many countries of the world.

The victory of the Soviet Union in the Second World War, the defeat of the fascist "new order" in Europe, the defeat of militarist Japan created favorable conditions for people's democratic revolutions.

The peoples of a number of countries in Central and Southeastern Europe overthrew the bourgeois-landlord system. They were led by the communist and workers' parties, whose authority had grown enormously among the masses during the war. So they arose in 1945 - 1948. people's republics in Poland, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Hungary, Albania, Romania, Yugoslavia. In 1949, the German Democratic Republic emerged.

At the same time, major revolutionary events took place in Asia.

On October 1, 1949, the People's Republic of China was solemnly proclaimed on Tiananmen Square in Beijing. People's democratic power was also established in North Vietnam and North Korea.

"Revolutions in the countries of Europe and Asia," says the Program of the CPSU, "are the biggest event in world history since October 1917." The people's democracies in Europe and Asia, which have embarked on the road of socialism, have formed together with the Soviet Union a single and mighty world socialist system. Capitalism has ceased to be unified and all-encompassing.

Now two systems confront each other on earth: the socialist, growing and strengthening, and the capitalist, heading towards inevitable death.

If the world capitalist system was created for hundreds of years, then the formation of the world socialist system took only a few decades. The world system of socialism has already shown its immeasurable advantages over capitalism. It becomes the driving force of development human society. The future is hers!

The forces of the socialist countries are incalculable. Their population exceeds one billion people. They occupy almost 26% of the territory of our entire planet and provide 36% of the world's industrial production.

As N. S. Khrushchev noted at the 22nd Congress of the CPSU: “The main thing now is ... to achieve a preponderance of the world socialist system over the capitalist one in absolute volume of production.” And this will soon be achieved!

The enormous advantages of socialism over capitalism are reflected in the rapid growth of industrial production in all socialist countries. The average annual growth of industry in 1958-1960. in the socialist countries - 15.2%, and in the countries of capitalism - only 4.2%.

In 1960, the total industrial output of the socialist countries increased by 6.8 times compared with 1937. During 1959-1965. industrial production in the countries of the socialist system will increase by another 2.3 times. By the end of this period, the socialist camp will produce more than half of the world's industrial output.

According to preliminary calculations, by 1980 the world socialist system will account for approximately two-thirds of world industrial production.

In all socialist countries an indestructible fraternal alliance of workers and peasants has taken shape and is growing stronger. The exploitation of man by man has been abolished forever. Factories, plants, mines, banks, transport and communications are owned by the state. The peasantry in these countries has, in the main, already united in large collective farms and uses modern technology.

Working people of various nationalities are participating shoulder to shoulder in the building of the new society. Throwing off the yoke of capitalist oppression, the working people of the socialist camp live and work for the sake of their happiness and the happiness of future generations.

The successes of the socialist countries are explained primarily by the fact that the leading force in them is the working class, guided by the Marxist-Leninist parties. The successes of the socialist states are the result of their close fraternal co-operation and mutual assistance, and above all the fraternal assistance of the Soviet Union. The most important condition for the success of the socialist states is their unity and cohesion.

The peoples of the Soviet Union and all socialist countries propose to the camp of capitalism: let's compete in raising the material well-being and cultural level of the people! We are not afraid of such a competition, because we know that we and our friends do everything for a person and in the name of a person.

The USSR, the most powerful country in the world socialist system, is successfully competing with the largest and strongest capitalist country, the United States of America. By the end of the seven-year plan, the Soviet Union will surpass the USA in absolute production of the most important types of products. The program of the CPSU set before the Soviet people a task of world-historical significance - to ensure in the Soviet Union the highest standard of living in the world.

The USSR competes with the capitalist world not alone, but shoulder to shoulder with all the socialist countries. In this peaceful competition, the countries of the socialist camp also achieved considerable success. For example, Czechoslovakia has already left behind England, Sweden, France, Italy and Japan in steel production per capita, and France and Italy in electricity generation. By 1965, Czechoslovakia will outstrip England and the FRG in industrial output per capita, and the United States in output of the main branches of industry.

The German Democratic Republic is ahead of England, Germany, France and Italy in terms of electricity production per capita. By 1965 Poland will exceed the present level of Italy in the production of the main types of industrial products per capita and will almost overtake France.

All the peoples of the socialist camp have the same goals: to defeat capitalism in peaceful economic competition, to build socialism and then communism, to ensure eternal peace on earth. The countries of the socialist camp have the same type of state system - the power of the people, headed by the working class. The peoples of the socialist countries have a common worldview, an identical understanding of the laws of development of human society. In their activities they are guided by the Marxist-Leninist doctrine.

An entirely new type of economic and political relations, unprecedented in history, has been established between the socialist countries. The peoples of the socialist camp are like brothers: they have common friends - the workers and working people of the capitalist countries, they are jointly waging a struggle for peace, against international imperialism. After the 20th Congress of the CPSU (1956), which condemned the cult of the individual and opened wide scope for the creative forces of the Party and the people, relations between the fraternal socialist countries became even closer and stronger.

Relations between the socialist states are based on complete equality, mutual respect for state independence, and non-interference in each other's internal affairs.

In contrast to the capitalist camp with its sharpest contradictions, competition, exploitation of the weak by the strong, the main feature of the socialist camp is commonwealth and fraternal mutual assistance.

The USSR, for example, helps other socialist states in the construction of many large industrial projects. The Soviet Union provided the countries of the socialist camp with credits and loans worth several billion rubles. Deliveries of equipment and raw materials from the Soviet Union accelerated the industrialization of the socialist countries of Europe and Asia. Let's take the Polish People's Republic as an example. The USSR produced equipment for its largest enterprises: the V. I. Lenin plant in Nowa Guta (it smelts such a quantity of steel as all Polish metallurgy produced before the Second World War), a metallurgical plant of high-quality steels in Warsaw, plants producing aluminum, cargo and cars, various chemical products, etc. and.

Even such previously economically backward states as Bulgaria and Romania are now exporting the most sophisticated machine tools. Two decades ago, there was no modern ferrous metallurgy in Poland and Hungary. Now they are supplying Czechoslovakia with steel sheets.

The people's democracies, for their part, contribute to the development of the Soviet economy. From the German Democratic Republic we receive machinery, various equipment, chemical products, consumer goods; from Romania - oil products, timber, cement, fruits; from Czechoslovakia - various cars, shoes, furniture.

Czechoslovakia and the GDR provide constant assistance to the fraternal countries. The German Democratic Republic is participating in the construction of a number of enterprises in China, Poland, Rumania, Hungary, and Bulgaria; Czechoslovakia assists Poland in the development of the chemical industry and coal mining. The Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia, the GDR and Hungary are helping the Mongolian people in building factories, mines and power plants.

To strengthen such mutual assistance, the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA) of the socialist countries of Europe was created in 1949. Since 1959, the CMEA has also coordinated economic plans. A general long-term plan for the economic development of the USSR and the European socialist countries is being worked out.

The CMEA constantly sees to it that in each of the socialist countries the branches of industry for which there are the most favorable conditions develop in the first place. Thus, the production of blast furnace equipment is concentrated in the Soviet Union, Poland, Czechoslovakia; machines for factories of chemical fiber and enrichment of brown coal - in the GDR; equipment for aluminum enterprises - in the USSR and Hungary.

The socialist countries jointly solve common economic problems. The gigantic Druzhba oil pipeline, 4,500 km long, is coming into operation. Through the pipes of the oil pipeline, oil will flow from the USSR to Czechoslovakia, Poland, Hungary, and the GDR. An international power transmission line is being built, which will pass through the territory of our country and connect with the energy systems of Czechoslovakia and Romania. The people call this line the “Light of Friendship”.

The Soviet Union, Mongolia and China built the Jining-Ulaanbaatar railway. Romania and Hungary use Romanian together natural gas. Poland, the GDR and Czechoslovakia are developing deposits of Polish brown coal. Romania, the German Democratic Republic, Czechoslovakia and Poland are building a pulp and paper mill on Romanian soil.

The cooperation of the countries of the socialist camp also covers Agriculture. Thus, Bulgaria, Hungary and Romania grow early potatoes, vegetables and fruits and export them to other socialist countries.

The socialist countries exchange experience and the most important inventions.

Having received drawings and projects from the Soviet Union, our friends from the countries of the socialist camp quickly built machine-building, metallurgical, fuel, chemical enterprises, power plants and mines, mastered the production of various new machines.

Machines for silk-weaving enterprises and reinforced concrete pipes are manufactured in the Soviet Union according to Chinese drawings. We use Czechoslovak recipes for synthetic enamels and production methods for press-forging and textile equipment.

The experience of the GDR in the production of a number of chemical products, printing and medical equipment, the experience of Hungary in the production of electric and diesel locomotives, and the experience of Bulgaria in the manufacture of canned vegetables are being introduced into the USSR.

The scientists and engineers of the camp of socialism work together to solve scientific problems. Of great importance, for example, is their joint activity in the field of nuclear physics and applications atomic energy for peaceful purposes. As early as 1956, the socialist countries created the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in the city of Dubna (not far from Moscow).

Cultural cooperation is expanding. The socialist states exchange radio and television programs and books, jointly organize exhibitions, concerts, festivals, release films, and help each other train specialists. Thousands of students and graduate students from fraternal socialist countries are studying in higher educational institutions of the USSR. To exchange experience and provide technical assistance, Soviet specialists visit the people's democracies, and specialists and workers from these countries come to the USSR.

There is a continuous exchange of raw materials and consumer goods between the socialist countries. In 1961 -1965. The Soviet Union will deliver 55 million tons of oil to the European socialist countries. And Czechoslovakia during the same time will supply the Soviet Union with 715 thousand tons of sugar, 53 million pairs of shoes; Romania - by 105 million rubles. furniture; Hungary - by 64 million rubles. garments, etc. Deliveries of these goods are coming in a wide stream.

Foreign trade in the camp of socialism is carried out on the basis of equality of arms and strict consideration of national interests. It is never used to the detriment of the less developed countries, as is the case in the capitalist world, but, on the contrary, it contributes to the advancement of the economy and culture of the socialist states.

Socialism brings people together. The world system of socialism makes it possible to shorten the period of construction of a new society in every socialist country. The USSR, which is the first to move towards communism, facilitates and accelerates the movement towards communism in all socialist countries.

Peoples who were backward in the past are rapidly rising to the level of the advanced. In this way, historical differences in economic and cultural development are gradually disappearing. The transition from socialism to communism will be carried out by the Soviet state and the countries of the socialist camp more or less simultaneously, during one historical epoch.

For the successful construction of a new society - the most just and prosperous on earth - the socialist countries need a firm, indestructible peace. In the camp of socialism there are no social classes or individuals interested in war. But the creation by the Western powers of the aggressive NATO military bloc and the inclusion of West Germany in it in 1955 forced the socialist countries to take measures to jointly ensure their security. In 1955 in Warsaw between European countries People's Democracy and the USSR signed an agreement on friendship, cooperation and mutual assistance. According to this treaty, in the event of an armed attack on one or more states - parties to the treaty, the remaining states will render him immediate assistance. The Soviet government and the governments of other socialist countries have repeatedly stated that they are ready to renounce this treaty if the Western powers give up their aggressive military blocs and agree to conclude a pan-European treaty on collective security.

The USSR and other socialist countries are resolute supporters of complete and general disarmament, the prohibition of atomic and hydrogen weapons, and the liquidation of foreign military bases on foreign territories. In international life, the socialist countries act as a united front. The socialist camp is a reliable bulwark of peace on earth.

Every year the influence of the world socialist system on the course of development of all mankind is growing. It directs this development along the path of peace, democracy and socialism. "The majestic building of the new world, erected by the heroic labor of free peoples in the vast expanses of Europe and Asia," the Program of the CPSU says, "is the prototype of a new society, the future of all mankind."

World system of socialism or World socialist system - social, economic and political community of free sovereign states, following the path and united by common interests and goals, bonds of international socialist solidarity. The countries of the world socialist system have the same type of economic basis - public ownership of the means of production; the same type of state system - the power of the people, headed by the working class and its vanguard - the communist and workers' parties; a single ideology -; common interests in the defense of revolutionary gains, in ensuring security from encroachment, in the struggle for peace throughout the world and in helping the peoples fighting for national independence; a single goal - communism, the construction of which is carried out on the basis of cooperation and mutual assistance.

The Rise and Rise of the World System of Socialism

The formation of the world socialist system in the middle of the 20th century was a natural result of the development of world economic and political forces during the period of the general crisis of capitalism, the collapse of the world capitalist system and the emergence of communism as a single all-encompassing socio-economic formation. The emergence and development of the world system of socialism constituted the most important objective result of the international revolutionary working and communist movement, the struggle of the working class for its social emancipation. It is a direct continuation of the work that marked the beginning of the era of the transition of mankind from capitalism to communism.

The successes of the USSR in the construction of socialism, its victory over fascist Germany and militaristic Japan, the liberation Soviet Army the peoples of Europe and Asia from the fascist invaders and the Japanese militarists accelerated the maturation of conditions for the transition to the path of socialism for new countries and peoples.

As a result of a powerful upsurge in the liberation struggle of peoples in a number of countries of Central and Eastern Europe (Albania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia), as well as the struggle of the Korean and Vietnamese peoples in 1944-1949. People's democratic and socialist revolutions won. Since that time, socialism has gone beyond the boundaries of one country and began the world-historical process of its transformation into a world economic and political system. In 1949, the GDR entered the path of socialism, and the revolution in China won. At the turn of the 50-60s. In the 20th century, Cuba, the first socialist country in the Western Hemisphere, entered the world system of socialism.

The countries of the world socialist system began the process of creating a new society with different levels economic and political development. At the same time, each of them had its own history, traditions, national specifics.

The world socialist system consisted of countries that, even before World War II (1939-1945), had a numerous proletariat hardened in class battles, while in others the working class was small at the time of the revolution. All this gave rise to certain peculiarities in the forms of building socialism. In the presence of a world socialist system, socialist construction can be started and carried out successfully even by those countries that have not gone through the capitalist stage of development, for example, the Mongolian People's Republic.

With victory socialist revolutions in the second half of the 20th century, a new, socialist type gradually began to form in a number of countries in Europe and Asia. international relations, which were based on the principle of the socialist. This principle arose from the nature of the socialist mode of production and international tasks working class and all working people.

During this period (60-80s of the 20th century), the following 25 socialist countries were part of the world socialist system:

(ANDR)
(NSRA)
(NRA)
(DRA)
(NRB)
(NRB)
(Hungary)
(NRW)
(GDR)
(NRK)
(PRC)
(NRK)
(DPRK)
(Lao PDR)
(NPM)
(MNR)
(NDP)
(SRR)
(THE USSR)
(Czechoslovakia)
(SFRY)
(NDRE)

In addition to these countries, the world socialist system also included developing countries with a socialist orientation, such as Egypt and Nicaragua.

The bourgeois counter-revolutions of the late 20th century, caused by a number of objective reasons, led to the restoration of capitalism in Eastern Europe and the USSR and to the actual disintegration of the world socialist system as a single commonwealth. In a number of Asian socialist countries left without friendly support, with a significant part of the petty-bourgeois masses (peasantry), negative processes also took over in the 1990s, which led to the curtailment of socialist transformations. Among such countries were China, Mongolia, Laos and Vietnam. In a number of these countries (China, Vietnam), communist parties remained in power, which, retaining their name, degenerated from workers into bourgeois parties (the most significant example is that representatives of the big bourgeoisie, oligarchs, began to freely join in the 90s).

As a result, by the beginning of the 21st century, only two truly socialist (from economic and political points of view) states remained in the world: in the Eastern Hemisphere -; in the Western -.

The imperialists of all countries are making great efforts to break their resistance, for which economic sanctions are regularly imposed on them. Through an economic blockade, the "world community" led by the United States hopes to provoke popular discontent in these countries in order to overthrow the people's democratic governments and restore the power of the landowners and capitalists in them.

However, the working people of socialist Cuba and Korea clearly realize what a cunning and dangerous enemy they are dealing with, and to all the attempts of the imperialists to break their independence and desire for freedom, they respond by even greater rallying their ranks around the Communist Party of Cuba and the Workers' Party of Korea, more a great increase in vigilance, consciousness and discipline.

All over the world, societies are being created to support the struggle of the Cuban and Korean people for their freedom, for socialism. The peoples of these countries feel the support of the international communist and workers' movement.

V early XXI century in the world there have been trends towards the restoration of the world socialist system. More and more countries are joining the ranks of the fighters for socialism. V Latin America Venezuela and Bolivia have chosen the socialist path of development. In 2006-2008 The Maoist revolution won in Nepal, as a result of which the monarchy was overthrown, and the Communists gained a majority in the Constituent Assembly. The fiercest class struggle within these countries and the capitalist encirclement lead these countries to the idea of the need for cooperation in order to defend the revolution and their socialist course. Warm friendly relations have been established between Cuba, Venezuela and Bolivia, Venezuela and Belarus. There are prospects for the creation of a single anti-imperialist camp.

Also features of socialism take place in Algeria, Brazil, Iran, Ecuador, Nicaragua, Syria, Uruguay.

arose after the Second World War with the release of socialism beyond the boundaries of one country. Its emergence was an important factor in the weakening and narrowing of the sphere of influence of imperialism. The further development of the military-political, economic, ideological relations of the socialist countries of Eastern Europe led to the formation of the Warsaw Pact and the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance, which actually consolidated the formation of a commonwealth of socialist countries with common ideological, political, economic positions, united by the common goal of building socialism and communism. M. s. With. and the world socialist commonwealth are concepts of the same type, provided that the states included in the M. with. The communist and workers' parties that lead them follow a political course agreed upon among themselves and adhere to common ideological views on the world social process and on the building of socialism and communism. In most socialist countries, their belonging to M. s. With. enshrined in constitutional and program documents. For example, the Constitution - the Basic Law of the Soviet State - states: "The USSR, as an integral part of the world system of socialism, the socialist community, develops and strengthens friendship and cooperation, comradely mutual assistance with the countries of socialism on the basis of the principle of socialist internationalism, actively participates in economic integration and in the international socialist division of labor” (Article 30). The beginning of M.'s education with. With. put the Great October Socialist Revolution. During its existence, socialism has significantly changed the political picture of the world. If in 1917-19. it accounted for up to 8% of the population, 16% of the territory and less than 3% of world industrial production, in 1981 these figures were respectively about 33%, more than 26% and more than 40%. The growth of the socialist system is historically accomplished through the all-round development of each country within it and all of them together, as well as through the expansion of its composition as a result of an irreversible objective process of falling away from world capitalism more and more countries. Each socialist country has its own rates of economic development. But what is objectively natural is the faster growth of countries that lagged behind in their development in the past, which is necessary to equalize economic levels within the framework of international economic development. With. Alignment of social and economic conditions within M. of page. With. is a lengthy process. We must also take into account the fact that with the transition to the socialist path of new countries, differences in the socio-economic order will again and again arise, connected with the non-simultaneity of socialist revolutions and with differences in the levels of development of the productive forces, economy, and culture. The further development of the productive forces and production relations, the correct policy of the Marxist-Leninist parties make it possible, under the conditions of a common social system, the coincidence of the fundamental interests and goals of the socialist countries, to overcome difficulties and eliminate existing differences. Socialist countries are sovereign states. Their unity is determined by the expansion and deepening of their mutual cooperation (bilateral and multilateral) on the basis of comradely mutual assistance and mutual benefit. Socialist development, having gone beyond the boundaries of one state, naturally gave rise to international cooperation among the peoples of the new world in order to rapidly advance the economy, culture, and well-being of the working people, to jointly defend their gains, and to resist imperialism, which is trying to divide the peoples of the countries of international socialism. s., ensuring peace, creating the most important international conditions building a classless society. A special sphere of international economic, political, ideological, and cultural ties arose (see Socialist Integration). The political consolidation and economic integration of the socialist countries is an immutable law of the development of each of them and of the M. s. With. generally. Neglect of this law, ignoring the need for fraternal cooperation, refusal to use the advantages and possibilities of M. s. With. signify a break with socialist internationalism, with Marxism-Leninism, a transition to the positions of nationalism. Close all-round cooperation of the socialist countries allows to consider M. of page. With. not as a simple arithmetic sum of states with the same type of socio-political system, but as a new world socio-economic organism, taking shape and developing according to its own special laws. Economic interaction of the states of M. with. With. contributes not only to the economic but also to the social alignment of countries, that is, to overcoming differences in their class structure, which is one of the most important prerequisites for the international rapprochement of the peoples of the socialist countries. “The CPSU and other fraternal parties are taking a course to turn the next two five-year plans into a period of intensive production, scientific and technical cooperation between the socialist countries. Life itself sets the task of supplementing the coordination of plans with the coordination of economic policy as a whole. The agenda also includes such issues as the convergence of the structures of economic mechanisms, further development direct ties between ministries, associations and enterprises participating in cooperation, the creation of joint firms, other forms of combining our efforts and resources are possible ”(Materials of the XXVI Congress of the CPSU, pp. 7-8).

At the end of the 80s. a wave of democratic revolutions took place in the countries of Central and South-Eastern Europe, which eliminated the monopoly power of the ruling communist parties, replacing it with a democratic form of government. The revolutions unfolded almost simultaneously - in the second half of 1989, but took place in various forms. So, in most countries, the change of power took place peacefully - Poland, Hungary, the GDR, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, in Romania - as a result of an armed uprising.

Democratic revolutions were a necessary condition for subsequent transformations in the field of economic relations. Market relations began to be restored everywhere, the process of denationalization proceeded rapidly, the economic structure changed, and private capital began to play an ever greater role.

“These processes continue today, strengthened by the victory of the democratic forces in our country in August 1991. However, their course is rather tortuous, often inconsistent. If we leave aside the national costs of reforms, the mistakes of the new leadership of each of the countries, then the mistakes associated with the conscious line towards the economic disintegration of the former allies of the world socialist system and the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance, against the backdrop of an integrating Europe, are incomprehensible and difficult to explain. The mutual repulsion of former partners hardly contributes to a faster entry one by one into new economic and political alliances, and also hardly has a positive effect on the internal reform of each of the former socialist countries. .

After the death of Mao Zedong, his successors faced the task of overcoming the deepest crisis into which the "cultural revolution" plunged the country. It was found on the path of a radical restructuring of the structure of socio-economic relations. In the course of the economic reform, which began in the autumn of 1979, significant results were achieved in economic development. On the basis of the elimination of communes, the distribution of land to the peasants, the interest of the worker in the results of labor was restored. The introduction of market relations was accompanied by no less radical reforms in industry. The role of state planning and administrative control over production was limited, the creation of cooperative and private enterprises was encouraged, the system of financing, wholesale trade, etc. underwent changes.

The directors of state-owned enterprises have gained a fairly wide independence in the matter of free disposal of unplanned products, up to entering the foreign market, issuing shares and loans in order to expand above-planned production. The system of the state and party apparatus, law enforcement agencies and, above all, the army have undergone some reforms. In other words, the easing of the rigid totalitarian regime began.

The result of the reforms of the 80s. In the PRC, there were unprecedented economic growth rates of 12-18% per year, a sharp improvement in living standards, new positive developments in public life. hallmark Chinese reforms was the preservation of the traditional socialist management model, which inevitably brought to the fore the problems of a socio-political and ideological nature in the late 80s.

Today, the Chinese leadership adheres to the concept of building "socialism with Chinese characteristics", apparently trying to avoid the deep social upheavals and collisions experienced by Russia and other countries of the already former world socialist system. China follows the path of building market relations, bourgeois liberalization, but with a certain consideration for civilizational features and national traditions.

Like the Chinese way of reforming the economy and public life, Vietnam and Laos are following. Modernization brought certain positive results, however, less tangible than in China. This is due to their later entry into the period of market transformations, a lower initial level, the heavy legacy of a long military policy. Mongolia is no exception. Following in the wake of market reforms, liberalization of social relations, it not only actively attracts foreign capital, but also actively revives national traditions.

A completely immobile, unreformed country from the former camp of socialism remains today North Korea. Here, the system of essentially personal dictates of the Kim Il Sung clan is preserved. It is obvious that this country will not be able to stay in a state of practical self-isolation and even confrontation with most of the world's states for a long time.

“The situation in one more country of the former world socialist system, Cuba, remains rather complicated. In the short history of socialism, this island state in in general terms repeated the path traversed by most countries of the world socialist system. Deprived of their support, its leadership continues to adhere to the concept of building socialism, remains faithful to Marxist ideals, while the country is experiencing growing economic and social difficulties. The position of Cuba is also aggravated as a result of the ongoing confrontation with the powerful USA since the liberation revolution.

As a result of the collapse of the world socialist system, a line has been drawn under more than 40 years of totalitarian period in the history of most countries of Eastern Europe. The alignment of forces has undergone significant changes not only on the European continent, but also in Asia. Apparently disappearing into oblivion block system relations on the world stage as a whole.

However, the relatively long period of coexistence of countries within the framework of the world socialist system cannot pass without leaving its mark.

Obviously, in the future, the establishment of relations between the former allies, who have common geographical borders, but on the basis of a new balance of interests, indispensable consideration of national, civilizational specifics and mutual benefit, is inevitable.

The world system of socialism or the world socialist system is a social, economic and political community of free sovereign states following the path of socialism and communism, united by common interests and goals, by the bonds of international socialist solidarity. The countries of the world socialist system have the same type of economic basis - public ownership of the means of production; the same type of state system - the power of the people, headed by the working class and its vanguard - the communist and workers' parties; a single ideology - Marxism-Leninism; common interests in defending revolutionary gains, in ensuring security from the encroachments of imperialism, in the struggle for peace throughout the world and in rendering assistance to peoples fighting for national independence; a single goal - communism, the construction of which is carried out on the basis of cooperation and mutual assistance.

The Rise and Rise of the World System of Socialism

The formation of the world socialist system in the middle of the 20th century was a natural result of the development of world economic and political forces during the period of the general crisis of capitalism, the collapse of the world capitalist system and the emergence of communism as a single all-encompassing socio-economic formation. The emergence and development of the world socialist system constituted the most important objective result of the international revolutionary workers' and communist movement, the struggle of the working class for its social emancipation. It is a direct continuation of the cause of the Great October Socialist Revolution, which marked the beginning of the era of mankind's transition from capitalism to communism.

The successes of the USSR in building socialism, its victory in the Great Patriotic war 1941-1945 over fascist Germany and militarist Japan, the liberation by the Soviet Army of the peoples of Europe and Asia from the fascist invaders and Japanese militarists hastened the maturation of conditions for the transition to the path of socialism for new countries and peoples.

The countries of the world socialist system began the process of creating a new society from different levels of economic and political development. At the same time, each of them had its own history, traditions, national specifics.

With the victory of socialist revolutions in the second half of the 20th century, a new, socialist type of international relations gradually began to take shape in a number of European and Asian countries, which were based on the principle of socialist internationalism. This principle arose from the nature of the socialist mode of production and the international tasks of the working class and all working people.

During this period (60-80s of the 20th century), the following 15 socialist countries were part of the world socialist system:

Folk Socialist Republic Albania (NSRA)

People's Republic of Bulgaria (NRB)

Hungarian People's Republic (HPR)

Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV)

German Democratic Republic (GDR)

People's Republic of China (PRC)

Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK)

Republic of Cuba

Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR)

Mongolian People's Republic (MPR)

Polish People's Republic (Poland)

Socialist Republic of Romania (SRR)

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)

Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (Czechoslovakia)

Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY)

In addition to these countries, the world socialist system also included developing countries with a socialist orientation, such as Afghanistan, the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen, Kampuchea, Angola, the People's Republic of the Congo, Mozambique, Somalia (until 1977), Ethiopia, and Nicaragua.

Current state

The bourgeois counter-revolutions of the late 20th century, caused by a number of objective reasons, led to the restoration of capitalism in Eastern Europe and the USSR and to the actual disintegration of the world socialist system as a single community. In a number of Asian socialist countries left without friendly support, with a significant part of the petty-bourgeois masses (peasantry), negative processes also took over in the 1990s, which led to the curtailment of socialist transformations. Among such countries were China, Mongolia, Laos and Vietnam. In a number of these countries (China, Vietnam), communist parties remained in power, which, retaining their name, degenerated from workers into bourgeois parties (the most illustrative example is the Communist Party of China, which in the 90s began to freely join representatives of the big bourgeoisie, oligarchs ).

As a result, by the beginning of the 21st century, only two truly socialist (from economic and political points of view) states remained in the world: in the Eastern Hemisphere - the Democratic People's Republic of Korea; in the West - the Republic of Cuba.

At the beginning of the 21st century, there were trends in the world towards the restoration of the world socialist system. More and more countries are joining the ranks of the fighters for socialism. In Latin America, Venezuela and Bolivia have chosen the socialist path of development. In 2006-2008 The Maoist revolution won in Nepal, as a result of which the monarchy was overthrown, and the Communists gained a majority in the Constituent Assembly. The fiercest class struggle within these countries and the capitalist encirclement lead these countries to the idea of the need for cooperation in order to defend the revolution and their socialist course. Warm friendly relations have been established between Cuba, Venezuela and Bolivia, Venezuela and Belarus. There are prospects for the creation of a single anti-imperialist camp.

world socialist system. III. world socialist system world socialism

The Rise and Rise of the World System of Socialism

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