What income does the garbage business bring to the state? How to start a recycling plant from scratch, where to start and how much you can earn. Unlimited supplies of raw materials

“Money doesn't smell” is a perfectly accurate expression describing income from garbage recycling.

Perhaps, high profitability This kind of business is due to the fact that for most of them, garbage is a completely useless thing, on which you will certainly not earn anything.

Therefore, these days, when rapidly infrastructure is developing, technology, production of products and materials, waste recycling business seems irrelevant and not profitable.

Believe me, this is a big mistake. Let's take a closer look at how the garbage recycling business works.

Russia has accumulated about 3 billion tons of waste requiring urgent disposal. Every year another 60 million tons are added to this number. The prospects of its processing are as relevant today as ever.

Let's analyze the situation in more detail: about 95% -96% solid waste thrown into landfills.

Of these, approximately 60% is the most valuable material for processing:

• glass,
• cardboard,
• metal,
• plastic.

A small example: in 2014 in Moscow, out of 3 million tons of waste to be disposed of, just over 1% was recycled.

Why is the waste recycling business so relevant today? After all, the same situation on the waste disposal market was the case before. The distinctive factors most suitable for the implementation of projects of such a business right now are the following positions:

• The emergence of inexpensive domestic equipment small and medium production facilities for garbage processing.
• Filling the sales market with many new small organizations involved in production related to recycling.
• Until now, the government has not hindered this type of disposal in any way, such as incineration, but soon it is planned enactment of a law prohibiting waste incineration... Thus, the waste recycling business becomes a win-win option.

Turning trash into money

Of course, digging in someone else's trash bin is not very pleasant, but let's analyze its contents in theory:

• to 10% waste paper;
• 15%-20% metal, rubber, textiles and so on;
• up to 25% food waste;
• 4.45%-50% polymers.

Eventually, at least 60% the contents of an average person's trash can processed and marketed for good money.

But, of course, this is just a theory. In practice, we do not even have a smell of separate collection of waste. In this regard, we are far from Japan and many European countries.

Yes, of course, in some cities, various containers are installed for sorting waste, but on this moment they are not very helpful.

Of the actual 60% of good waste, after sorting, a little less than 30% of recyclable materials are actually obtained. Nevertheless, there is a way out of the situation - the purchase of special sorting plants.

While foreign companies make fortunes from garbage, in Russia this area is almost completely free... So why not start turning trash into money today?

Choice of specialization of the plant

Of course, the best option is to buy a full chain of production for the processing of solid waste, but let's be realistic, who of those who want to open a business on waste has a free 20 million dollars?

Therefore, it is best to start developing a business by recycling a certain type of waste.

Car tires

There are three types of tire recycling:

• shredding,
• burning,
• pyrolysis.

The last method is - the most profitable and promising.

This is a way of decomposing rubber into:

• carbon,
• raw materials for metallurgy,
• synthetic oil.

Probably, there is no need to say how much the aforementioned raw material is in demand.

Also, a very common way crushing tires.

From crumb rubber make:

• floor coverings for sports fields and gyms,
• produce rubber tiles,
• used as a filler for sports equipment,
• component in new road surfaces,
• finishing material for construction, etc.

Construction waste

In this area, one cannot do without special sorting installations, since construction garbage may contain completely different materials:

• metal,
• concrete,
• brick.

An example of recycled material from a similar production line is rubble... The high profitability of this segment of the waste waste market is due to the increased number of construction projects being implemented, as well as an increase in the cost of removing construction waste.

Thanks to mobile crushing and sorting stations, waste from collapsed buildings can be recycled on site.

Glass

Finding material for recycling is easy enough:

• you can take cullet from glass factories,
• from our own organized collection point for glass containers,
• from the garbage selected with the help of the sorting line.

With an inexpensive equipment price, demand the raw materials received are very large, the costs of organizing production are instantly paid off.

Paper and cardboard

Currently, 50% of the recyclable material in the world is cardboard and paper.

But, despite the fact that the number of new industrial organizations in this area is growing rapidly, the platform for business in it is still not very competitive.

75% of the recycled goes to production and manufacture of packaging, the remaining 25% is attributed to the production of roofing materials. Therefore, the demand for the received raw materials is unshakably high.

Plastic bottles (PET)

There are plenty of products for disposal in landfills. You yourself can become a supplier of raw materials for, equip your plant with a sorting line. Also, you can purchase a mobile unit that disposes of bottles directly on site.

It pays off in a year and a half maximum.

Documents receiving

The main document, without which there can be no question of the legal organization of a garbage business is license, which gives the right to engage in the processing of solid waste. Get it in the Ministry of Ecology. The official cost of the document is about $ 7,500. But to get it, you often have to draw up various additional accompanying documents, the total amount can increase by 2-3 times.

For the complete registration of a waste recycling plant, one license from the Ministry of Ecology is not enough. You will also need to register an organization in the form of an LLC or an individual entrepreneur.

To create and register your LLC, in addition to a license, you will need to prepare a number of documents:

• Private person (owner) registration card.
• Permission for the use of a leased or own land plot, building, premises by the plant.
• Extract from the tax office.
• Permission from SES, electrical and fire supervision.

Search for raw materials for processing

It is most profitable to take garbage from the housing stock. After all, it is the population of cities that throws out garbage most of all, which requires recycling. It is very important here to attract residents to throw garbage into your "container". Of course, people pay pennies for garbage collection, but you need to convince them to spend these pennies on the services of your company.

Organize own collection points of this or that type of waste, advertise your company, inform the residents why it is better and more profitable than others, locate your production near a landfill or solid waste landfill, or as close as possible to stockpiles of raw materials, etc.

Premises and equipment

Typically a warehouse and production premises are located next to a landfill or solid waste landfill.

The area of ​​the first one should be approximately 100 sq. m, the area of ​​the second is at least 300 sq. m.

The premises must comply with sanitary and fire regulations.

In general, their purchase and upgrading will cost no less than 2 thousand dollars.

The set "at a minimum", which is suitable for the implementation of the first steps of the waste recycling business, will cost approximately $ 50,000. It includes:

• Sorting line.
• Crusher.
• Press.
• Bunker.
• Magnet or any other additional equipment.

Perhaps it seems to you that it is best to immediately buy expensive imported equipment - we have to disappoint you. According to experts, it is much better to purchase domestic equipment for the following three reasons:

1. Cheaper.
2. Very often, more reliable.
3. It is much easier to find parts to fix.

Also, according to experts, one should not overlook the inexpensive Chinese products: do not be prejudiced against the country of origin. There are many internationally recognized waste recycling equipment manufacturers in China.

To locate your production line near the landfill, you need to get a permit from the municipal utility service. It is issued only if there is a license for the processing of solid waste.

Staff

Waste-processing production cannot exist without labor. As a rule, even a relatively small factory employs up to 40 people. Usually a shift consists of 10-15 people. The salary is a penny, you will definitely not go to a loss on it.

There are two classes service personnel at a waste processing plant:

• 1.Working.
• 2.Specialist.

There is a difference in the monthly salaries of the above two workers, but it is insignificant.

When opening an LLC, it is imperative to hire an additional manager, accountant and a couple of people who control the production process at all its stages.

As a rule, they are paid the highest salary at the plant.

Where to sell your products?

Take care of the search for companies engaged in the manufacture of products from recycled materials for your type of production.

• Glass... Look for glass factories making abrasives, tiles, insulation, brick products.
• Crushed stone... Submit ads for the sale of crushed stone, search for customers and provide them with a delivery service.
• ... As a client, a cardboard packaging mill or a toilet paper factory is perfect for you.
• Flex or granules(plastic recycling). Look for a polymer plant for cooperation that produces plastic containers, films, etc., as well as small offices and enterprises.
• Rubber crumb... It is sold "with a bang" to factories engaged in the production of rubber tiles, asphalt, road surfaces, sports equipment, building materials using rubber, etc.

Calculations

It is clear that the cost of building a plant directly depends on the material that it will process, but you can hardly do without:

• crushers,
• sorting line,
• bunkers

The cost of the listed order is ~ $ 40,000.

Also, be prepared to invest about $ 2,000 in a purchase:

• warehouse,
• premises for the production line.

Approximately $ 300 will be spent on monthly salary for staff(up to 40 people).

About 20% - payment for utility bills.

For a ton of recycled waste, you will receive from $ 500 to $ 1,500, and, taking into account expenses, it is possible to have $ 10 thousand in net income. In this way, Your business will pay off in six months after opening, gaining 50% profitability.

Before you do anything, you need to draw up at least a short business plan for yourself.

Outcomes

Fired up with the idea of ​​starting your own waste recycling business? Don't put it off - it will be too late. Very soon, competition in this market will noticeably increase due to the factors mentioned in the article.

With a budget of $ 50,000, you can create and establish production for the processing of a certain type of waste and recoup it in 1-2 years... Receiving a stable income, there is an opportunity to gradually expand production, earning more and more!

The process of sorting and recycling waste is presented in the video:

In contact with

• About garbage dumps
• Staff recruitment
• Processing technology
• How much can you earn

According to statistics, our country annually accumulates up to 150 million m3 of household waste with a total weight of more than 30 million tons. Only one person accounts for about 250 kg per year. household waste. And this is not the limit, since with the development of industry and technologies aimed at improving the life of a person, the number of new synthetic materials is growing, and the already created ones are more actively used.

About garbage dumps

And what to do with all this "good"? The decomposition time of just one plastic container is hundreds of years. Local authorities, represented by housing and communal services, simply cannot cope. Most landfills are generated illegally. What can I say, even legal landfills are created in violation of all rules and regulations. Fighting debris with the classic method of arson is not an option. Burning garbage creates a smudge of gases harmful to humans, plus mercury-containing lamps can be thrown into landfills, the arson of which is doubly dangerous.

In this regard, the issue of utilization and processing of municipal solid waste (MSW) is acquiring colossal importance. And it seems that only business representatives can cope with such a task. Garbage recycling should bring good income and only then will the problem get off the ground. Take the same Europe. There, garbage processing is so profitable that politicians and the mafia are ready to fight for it. There, this business is considered a "gold mine". Plastic, glass, paper, metal - all this can be recycled and sold profitably to industrial enterprises. And if in European countries Waste recycling is an overfilled niche, then in Russia this business is just emerging.

Step-by-step plan for opening, business profitability

According to experts, the profitability of an enterprise for the processing of solid waste can be 50% or more.

However, it is not so easy to deal with garbage. To organize a large industrial complex for the transportation, reception, processing of all types of household waste, tens of millions of rubles will be needed, mainly for the purchase of equipment and lines. Also, large areas of production premises (more than 500m2) and a warehouse are needed. If it is not possible to rent them, then additional construction costs will be required. Plus, it is necessary to summarize all communications, obtain permits, licenses, and so on.

State support is important here. Subsidies, grants, loans, and whatever, just to give the business "financial feeding" for the development of a business that is absolutely new for Russian realities. Recycling of solid waste is an issue that is in the interests of local authorities. Therefore, they must take care of providing appropriate space ( land plot or buildings) for entrepreneurs wishing to take up this direction.

Investments in this business may not be so "space". For example, you can not deal with the transportation of waste, but organize only the reception of solid waste at the place of its processing. Waste paper is purchased at 50 kopecks, depending on the quality of the paper, and sorted plastic raw materials from 2 rubles per kilogram. Moreover, it is not necessary to recycle all the waste. To begin with, you can deal with the processing of only certain types of solid waste, for example, glass or polymers. In this case, you will not need to purchase a dozen different units and lines. It will be enough to purchase a certain type of press for the procurement of a specific type of secondary raw materials.

Of the whole variety of household waste, the most demanded in the field of processing and obtaining secondary raw materials are:

• steel, aluminum - up to 100%;
• textiles - up to 50%;
• waste paper - up to 35%;
• glass - up to 35%.

The creation of an enterprise for the processing of solid waste is especially beneficial when large cities, since a lot of "raw materials" are formed there.

How much can you earn from recycling solid waste

The cost of one ton of processed and compressed secondary raw materials is approximately the following: plastic recycling- up to 15,000 rubles, aluminum can - up to 50,000 rubles, rubber crumb- up to 16,000 rubles, pressed cardboard - up to 12,000 rubles. In one shift, a small enterprise is capable of processing and receiving up to ten tons of secondary raw materials. Hence the monthly turnover of several million rubles.

An important point is that MSW belongs to the 4-5 class of hazard, therefore, actions related to the collection, use, disposal and processing of MSW are subject to licensing. The license is issued in the Department of Rosprirodnadzor for federal district... The premises for the processing of solid waste itself must meet all the requirements of Rospotrebnadzor and Pozhnadzor, and also be at a distance of at least 600 meters from residential complexes. Therefore, the ideal location for such an enterprise is somewhere on the outskirts of the city.

Staff recruitment

Personnel selection is a separate issue. Waste recycling is mostly manual labor. Therefore, even a small enterprise will require a staff of 25-30 people. At the same time, not everyone wants to deal with solid waste for a long time, hence the high staff turnover. The task of the manager in this case is to establish the optimal piece-rate wages, increase the motivation of workers and their bonuses. The main monthly cost of such an enterprise is the payment of wages to employees.

What equipment to choose for the processing of solid waste

On the market for equipment for the processing of solid waste, there are a number of offers from various manufacturers. According to Russian businessmen, there is no need to spend money on the purchase of expensive foreign lines. And in our country there are budget options for equipment that are not inferior in quality to foreign counterparts, and are easier to repair.

Separately, it is worth highlighting the line for the processing of solid waste - Waste sorting complex MSK 50. This line unites the entire waste processing chain, from waste reception to pressing and storage. The line is serviced by 12 employees, 6 people on each side.

Processing technology

Wherein processing technology as follows:

Through the garbage chute, waste is delivered to the receiving site, where bulky waste is screened out of it: TVs, furniture, tape recorders, etc. From the receiving platform, the sifted waste is transported by a loader to the pit and then to the feeding inclined conveyor. From the inclined conveyor, the garbage is transferred to the sorting horizontal conveyor, where it is sorted into fractions. Each conveyor is equipped with a frequency converter to adjust the speed. Selected fractions of waste (paper, PET bottles, cardboard, aluminum cans, etc.) through hatches in the overpass enter mobile trolleys, on which they are delivered to the presses. Further, each fraction is pressed on the appropriate press, tied, stored and sent to purchasing enterprises (customers).

How much can you earn

This type of business has a profitability of 50%, which allows you to recoup your investment within a few months. Profit from the sale of processed raw materials can be up to 50,000 rubles per month, even from a small workshop.

How much money is needed to start a business

To set up a full-fledged plant for the processing of all types of waste (paper, food, rubber, glass, etc.) from scratch will require about $ 20 million. For the organization of a workshop designed for 1 type, investments will amount to 50-200 thousand dollars.

What OKVED to indicate when registering a business

For this business activity, we select code 38, which includes all processing of any type of waste, as well as their disposal.

What documents are needed to open

In this case, in order to avoid problems with the tax inspectorate, it is advisable to immediately register a limited liability company, given the significant financial flows. The following documents will be required:

• company charter;
• memorandum of association;
• the minutes of the owners' meeting or the decision of the founder;
• application for registration on form 11001.

What taxation system to choose for registering a waste recycling business

Given the large volumes of income and expenses, it will be necessary to focus on common system- OSNO. It implies the payment of income tax at a rate of 20%, as well as VAT at a rate of 18%. This mode will be applied by default, so there is no need to switch to it. On the other hand, such a system is not subject to numerous restrictions such as the number of personnel, the value of property, etc.

Do you need permissions to open

It is necessary to obtain a license from the Ministry of Ecology, which gives the right to engage in the collection and processing of municipal solid waste. For this purpose, an environmental impact assessment will be carried out with the issuance of a corresponding conclusion. After that, it is necessary to obtain permits from the sanitary service, water and municipal services of the city, "firefighters". The process of obtaining permits can take 3-4 months.

Garbage has always been environmental issue for all mankind. Today, the issue of garbage is being discussed at all levels: federal, regional, and so on. However, so far this is just talk and has not reached concrete actions on the issue of waste recycling.

According to the studies carried out, today, for waste disposal, at least one is required. Only in this case, you can significantly affect the environment. environment.

In some countries of the world, a real war is being waged over garbage. Everyone wants to rule in their landfill, because they firmly believe that this will bring him stability for life.

Waste recycling and the creation of a special plant as a topical business idea today

Today it is believed that waste recycling is a very profitable and profitable business.

Until recently, this area of ​​business was not, as, for example, the processing of wood or other raw materials. But now the situation has changed dramatically.

Throughout the territory of the Russian Federation, there are now a huge number of landfills, which require certain actions, and thereby allow you to dispose of waste. According to statistics, about 96% of all household waste is disposed of in landfills. Moreover, according to estimates, about 60-70% of this is of some value and can be reused after processing.

First of all, for garbage processing, at least a specialized mini-plant is needed, which will perform this function. Today there are very few such factories, which makes it possible to seriously think about this type of business.

Lack of high competition, as well as the fact that people will never stop throwing away garbage, says only one thing - this business will remain relevant for a very long time.

The relevance of opening this business is discussed in the following video:

Opening options

Every novice entrepreneur who is thinking about creating his own waste recycling plant thinks about what kind of its form to bring to life.

Exists several varieties waste processing plants, namely:

Here, as they say, the choice remains with the entrepreneur himself, however, you must take into account your start-up capital... If, for example, a stationary plant will cost millions, then a mini - no more than $ 30,000.

Most entrepreneurs recommend initially betting on a mini-plant, since there is not so much start-up capital required, but at the same time it is fast. Moreover, there is no need to hire a large number of staff, and the productivity is high.

Starting an entrepreneurial activity from a mini-factory allows you to understand the whole process from the inside, and after receiving tangible profits, think about whether to expand or not.

If you have not registered an organization yet, then easiest This can be done using online services that will help you generate all the necessary documents for free: If you already have an organization and you are thinking about how to facilitate and automate accounting and reporting, then the following online services come to the rescue, which will completely replace the accountant in your company and will save you a lot of money and time. All reports are generated automatically, signed with an electronic signature and sent automatically online. It is ideal for individual entrepreneurs or LLC on the USN, UTII, PSN, TS, OSNO.
Everything happens in a few clicks, without queues and stress. Try it and you will be surprised how easy it became!

Overview of mini-factories and their cost

Without any doubt, any producer country sets its own prices for such mini-factories.

So, for comparison, China offers to purchase their mini-plant at a cost of no more than $ 16,000. At the same time, it includes all the necessary functions that allow you to perform any assigned tasks.

As for the Ukrainian manufacturer, the prime cost of their mini-plant starts at $ 60,000. Agree, this is quite an impressive amount, which can completely discourage the desire at the initial stage of the formation of your entrepreneurial activity.

If we take into account the domestic manufacturer, then in this regard the price can vary from 10 to 20 thousand dollars. It largely depends on the equipment configuration.

It is worth noting that the domestic manufacturer is distinguished by reliability and quality, while the fact that in a short time you can always purchase any part that may fail is important.

Which manufacturer to pay attention to is the exclusive desire of the client himself, who focuses directly on his start-up capital. But do not forget that the costs will quickly pay off.

Description of the processing process

Modern mini-factories are equipped with sections, in each of which waste is separated, sorted and crushed.

In addition, there are sections where heat and energy are obtained, including the pressing of waste.

The basis of such a mini-plant is a mechanized complex, thanks to which waste is sorted. High temperature processing is carried out using pyrolysis equipment. During the afterburning of pyrolysis gases, the temperature can reach about 1100 ° C.

It is worth noting that the exhaust flue gases have a fairly impressive level of purification.

The presence of a pyrolysis unit as part of a mini-plant guarantees virtually waste-free production. And this, accordingly, entails a significant profit.

The main advantage the creation of a mini-plant is considered to be:

• lack of unpleasant odors;
• absence of insects and other various rodents.
• simplicity and speed of installation;
• low cost.

The technological process of processing is presented in the following video:

Business registration rules

Before starting to carry out entrepreneurial activity in this area, it is necessary to issue a package permits.

To do this, you need to contact the Ministry of Ecology, which is engaged in issuing a similar one.

Initially, the newly created company must undergo an examination for compliance, after which an opinion is issued. Such a conclusion is issued for an indefinite period. It should be borne in mind that its cost will cost approximately 5 thousand rubles.

Apart from this document, necessary:

• obtain permission from the Sanitary and Epidemiological Station (SES);
• a project that describes all the nuances technological process.

But, despite all the documents that are necessary to legalize this business, it should be initially, which will be able to describe all the intricacies of doing business.

Beyond that, you need to pay attention to sales, which is a key factor.

Drawing up a business plan

Everyone who is trying to start his own business in this area should have a business plan, thanks to which you can predict many problems awaiting at the initial stages, including calculating a number of actions that will help in the event of a possible manifestation of insolvency.

Descriptive part

It has long been no secret that it is a mini-waste recycling plant that is an excellent investment that will provide stable profits for many years. All over the world, this field of activity is very popular, since many companies are ready to purchase for themselves in any quantity both a certain type of waste and a complete set.

Production part

Equipment, which is necessary for the implementation of their labor activity, includes:

1. a production line for sorting raw materials;
2. crushing plant;
3. hopper for collecting raw materials (container for storing the processed material);
4. special press.

Most aspiring entrepreneurs give their preference to imported equipment, however, this is a big mistake. The fact is that the domestic manufacturer, firstly, is of better quality, and secondly, it is much cheaper.

For this reason, many people need a rather impressive start-up capital, and this, as a result, leads to the fact that many simply abandon their idea at the initial stage.

In addition, it is also worth considering the need for truck, which will carry out the delivery of raw materials, as well as the sale of finished products.

It will take approximately $ 80,000 to meet this need. In the event that the entrepreneur has additional capital, it is advisable to purchase a melting furnace.

Marketing part

The marketing part of a business plan is rightfully considered to be the key one. Thanks to a competent approach to the analysis of competitiveness, you can solve many problems at once and leave your competitors behind.

Despite the fact that there are few competitors in this area, it is a gross mistake to ignore them.

According to statistics, many similar factories are created annually on the territory of the Russian Federation, in the plans of which to make a profit from this field of activity. It is necessary to analyze this market in detail, and finally decide which direction to move in the future.

This is primarily due to the fact that there are a huge number of types of waste, and it is impractical to take on everything at once.

Today this direction is considered one of the most promising and quickly recouped.

However, this is not an obligation at all, but rather a recommendation, because each region has its own competitors, from which it is necessary to build on.

Financial part

To open your own mini-factory, it is enough to have start-up capital in the amount of $ 80,000.

First of all, these funds will be spent on the implementation priorities, namely:

• registration of all permits (licenses, permits, and so on);
• lease of premises (the place where the equipment will be directly installed);
• purchase of the necessary equipment;
• purchase of the first batch of raw materials;
• employees (the annual salary of each employee is taken into account).

A little money will be spent on the organization itself related to garbage collection. This is due to the fact that the garbage itself costs about 1 million rubles. The greatest difficulties arise at the moment when it is necessary to find sales channels.

In the process of doing business, you need to understand that profit the company depends on many factors, in particular:

• method of waste processing;
• volume of production.

In order to significantly increase the received profit, it is enough to organize a point of reception of secondary (processed) raw materials.

This method will allow you to keep the profitability of production at the level of at least 50%, and thereby get tangible.

Possible problems

Each type of entrepreneurial activity entails the risk of not making a profit. To get away from this in every possible way, it is enough to competently draw up a business plan.

First of all, it is necessary to consider literally everything to the smallest detail.

First of all, any problems begin with minor flaws, which, as a rule, lead the company to the bottom.

It is necessary to study the information on waste processing as much as possible in order to be aware of the entire technological process and, if necessary, quickly solve any problem.

As soon as the business started to operate, it is necessary to sign an agreement on the supply of raw materials with several suppliers at once, since in this case the risk of receiving a material shortage is minimized. Ultimately, this will allow the mini-plant to supply finished products without delays and in full.

It should also be borne in mind that you should not overestimate the start-up capital, and you should only expand as a last resort. Inappropriate investment of personal capital can play a cruel joke and affect the company's activities.

An overview of domestic equipment for waste processing is presented in this video:

In the "land of the Soviets" which proudly called itself "the most reading in the world" there was one good method of obtaining books at symbolic state prices. In bookstores there were waste paper collection points in which, by handing over paper, you could then get scarce books and magazines. Europeans, tempted by other entertainments, also monetized garbage disposal. So in many European countries, on the streets and in shopping centers, vending machines are installed for accepting bottles, cans, and other recyclable materials. For example, in Finland I handed over 32 cans to such a machine - I got a discount on goods of almost 5 euros. But what is the situation in the Dnieper, we decided to figure it out together with the ecologist Tatiana Lampika.

Lighter does not mean better

Tatiana has been sorting garbage at home for several years. In separate boxes and packages - cardboard and paper, glass, plastic bottles, tin, aluminum cans, dense cellophane packaging and scotch tape.

“Garbage that has accumulated over three months. I live in the private sector and it is easier with biological waste - they all go to compost. I collect a pile of garbage with waste once a month. That is, sorting reduces waste disposal at times. And so you throw out the trash every 3-4 days. It is more difficult for apartment residents - but they can sort out most of the garbage anyway. And there should be at least several points of reception of recyclable materials on a quarterly basis. And of course to understand where this raw material goes later. "

On the left bank on the street. Baikalskaya in the area of ​​the market there are two points of receipt of secondary raw materials at once. One accepts waste paper, and the other can be called almost universal. So, what did Tatyana manage to pass?

First, it is 6.5 kg of cardboard and 2.5 kg plastic bottles... By the way, when handing over the plastic, Tatyana noted that shampoo bottles should be handed over separately, as there may be leftovers chemical substances, but alas - our "gray collectors" take everything in one go.

Secondly, 3.5 kg glass bottles... And there are many nuances here. For example, beer and some vodka bottles are accepted at different prices and by the piece. But wine bottles or lemonade containers are accepted by weight - according to the inspectors, they go like cullet. Aluminum cans are also accepted, but mostly by weight. But tin can not be accepted - there is no demand for them. The same is with packaging (plastic and cellophane) - for example, rigid packaging, which is used, for example, for parcels at Novaya Pochta, and the receivers take scotch tape, but simply cellophane is not. Fish or sausage packages are also not accepted.
“Fish, sausage - we do not accept packaging from it because of the smell. Workshops do not need it. As for the plastic, we take the boxes most of all, ”the inspectors explain.

As elsewhere, there is supply and demand. From collection points, recyclable materials are sent to different recycling shops, or factories - both in our region and abroad. For example, glass is mainly taken by the Novomoskovsk Utilita plant. Paper and cardboard are taken by the "Dnepropetrovsk Paper Mill" where, as the garbage collectors told us, the paper is additionally sorted by density and color. Scrap metal is accepted by the Interpipe Steel plant at UAH 4 per kilogram. And plastic bottles are processed in a workshop a few kilometers from the collection point.

All in all, Tatyana managed to get 34 UAH for the delivery of garbage (whereas, for example, in Finland, for such a volume, it would be possible to get several tens of euros).

“Of course this is not enough. Probably, a person will spend more on gasoline in order to bring garbage here than he will receive for garbage. And no one will go in a minibus with garbage bags. Therefore, of course, it's easier for people to throw it out much closer. And it's good if it is in the trash can, and not in a spontaneous dump. Therefore, such cheapness of recyclable materials does not contribute to the fact that it was handed over. Finally, the population does not have a culture of sorting garbage at home. But if we sorted the garbage and handed it over, then several times less waste would get to the landfill. ”

Garbage bureaucracy

Not conducive to the recycling business and bureaucracy. A couple of kilometers from the reception point, Tatyana showed us a dump of waste from the processing of secondary raw materials, which was arranged by an illegal workshop.

“Almost all of these waste collection points are illegal. Like many waste processing workshops. And any such processing has waste. Only in the case of illegal immigrants we get such dumps. Here is the waste from the plastic bottle recycling workshop. Stickers, production rejection. Ideally, all this should be incinerated in a thermal oven at temperatures above 850 degrees, with a three-stage cleaning. And if the oven itself costs about $ 70 thousand, then the filters at such an enterprise are very expensive and are essentially not found anywhere in our region.

“In general, this business is profitable, but there are many bureaucratic difficulties in order to legally build such an enterprise and work legally - a lot of licenses, permits, the allocation of a sanitary zone, project preparation and many simply do not want to bother with all this. Let alone corruption. In Europe, it's all easier. There, when you build a waste-related enterprise, you study the regulatory framework, contact a company that prepares all the documents for you, you put everything into operation. But if a service comes to you, for example, upon a complaint from residents, then you are fully responsible. That is, build whatever you want, but if anything, then you can be ground to dust for violations. We are “weeded out” at the beginning - services come and stupidly collect money and collect more than those who issue licenses. The problem of the owners is also that they save on construction and do not finish the enterprise as it should. In addition, I have not seen from practice that cars with garbage were stopped and asked where and where they were being taken. It is only interesting for local residents who suffer from this garbage. And it is cheaper for the owners to pay 10 times the fine for garbage disposal than to invest in the enterprise once ”.

And of course there are problems with manufacturers.

“Products made from recycled paper are more expensive than ordinary ones. Consumer things are already triggered here. They get the material cheaper, but processing is expensive, and therefore, at the end, we get more expensive products for which people are not ready to pay. Further - on the majority of product packages there are no marks of processing, with rare exceptions of course. For example, Coca-Cola are interested in the turnover of containers, they are interested in their containers returned to them, because their packaging is more expensive and of higher quality. But, as a rule, manufacturers do not care whether their packaging will be recycled or not. Even the Eco badges are used purely as a marketing ploy. "

Tatiana sees a solution to the problem of sorting and processing waste in a whole complex of measures.

“In grades 2-3 schools, lessons are held that are focused on environmental protection, sorting garbage, where they tell why leaves should not be burned, and so on. But this program is regional and it does not work in all schools. The Rules for the improvement of the city of Dnipro also prescribe the sorting of garbage, the installation of different tanks for the collection of various garbage, that every enterprise, every citizen must have a garbage disposal agreement. That is, it is necessary to force enterprises, cafes, offices, citizens to sign export contracts and to be interested in where this garbage is taken out and what is being done with it. If we are not responsible for the garbage we produce, then nothing will come of it. Neither the police, nor the authorities, nor any inspections are interested in this. And people are only interested if garbage fills everything around. Or if you can get money for this rubbish or save on a communal apartment. For example, in Europe, you can save on a monthly fee for handing over waste for recycling - and a considerable amount at that. "

And we, in turn, begin to sort the garbage. That is to say - we will check it for ourselves.

In economic realities modern Russia trying to start your own business is like playing roulette. The competition for raw materials and sales markets is so high that a newcomer does not always manage to gain a foothold in the market, and even more so, to develop his business at least to an average size. Therefore, already at the planning stage, you should calculate all the possible risks, pros and cons. As practice shows, one of the most win-win options today is the waste recycling business.

Waste recycling is the most promising business

According to statistics, every year the population and industrial enterprises of Russia produce up to 44 million tons various waste... Of all this volume, only a third is processed, and the rest is deposited in solid waste landfills. Previously, they tried to solve the problem of a growing garbage bank by simply burning or burying them in the ground. However, such actions lead to a sharp deterioration of the ecological situation, poisoning the soil, groundwater and the atmosphere.

The solution to the problem of efficient and safe disposal of industrial and household waste is seen in only one thing - the development of a wide network of waste processing enterprises. In countries Western Europe Hundreds of private organizations are engaged in waste processing, which generates intense market competition with all the ensuing consequences. Waste processing as a business in Russia is practically undeveloped, which provides a lot of potential opportunities.

Pros and cons of a waste recycling business

"Garbage business", like any other commercial enterprise, has its undeniable advantages and pitfalls. The pluses include:

• Fast payback periods. The funds invested in the waste recycling production will pay off quickly enough. With skillful and effective business management, these terms are about 3-5 years.
• High profitability of the waste business, reaching 30% for each ruble invested. This is a pretty good indicator, considering that, according to Rosstat, the profitability of medium and small business in Russia is about 12-15%.
• Government support for businessmen who decided to open a waste recycling enterprise. From the side federal authorities such businessmen are provided with tax incentives for the cost of purchasing equipment, renting / purchasing / building premises.
• Local municipal authorities are also ready to provide all kinds of assistance to waste recycling entrepreneurs. Responsibility for maintaining cleanliness in a city or village rests entirely with the local authorities, therefore a private waste recycling business relieves a significant part of the current worries from the municipal administration.
• Almost unlimited volume of free raw materials, available in large quantities in any region of Russia.
• Low cost of raw materials. Unlike many other industries, waste recycling as a business requires minimal costs for the purchase of raw materials. You will have to spend only on containers for collecting waste, and on specialized vehicles for their delivery to the place of processing.
• The demand for secondary raw materials that have passed the initial processing stage is traditionally high among domestic industrial enterprises. Therefore, a waste recycling businessman does not have to worry about the markets for his goods.
• For entrepreneurs with increased social responsibility, there is another motivating factor - a moral one. Recyclable waste solves the problem environmental pollution native nature, to preserve it for future generations.

But, despite such a large number of positive aspects, persons who decide to start their own business in this area should approach this as responsibly as possible. There may be problems with the collection, delivery, sorting of waste, as well as financial costs for unforeseen expenses and the like.

Often there is a rejection of the neighborhood with a waste recycling plant on the part of local residents, who start slow litigation. This litigation often takes away from the entrepreneur a lot of time and effort that could have been spent for its intended purpose - to start production. Therefore, first of all, it is necessary already at the initial stage to draw up a business plan for waste processing, which will take into account all possible force majeure situations in advance.

How to start a waste recycling business

Let's take a closer look at where to start a waste recycling business in the light of modern Russian realities. At the stage of the initial organization of production, the future entrepreneur will need more time, effort, and also the involvement of local administrative resources in solving various pressing issues than financial costs. Of course, it is absolutely possible that local officials of different levels and departments will want to receive a certain "fee" for a positive solution to your question.

If a businessman has sufficient funds available, the temptation to speed up the licensing procedure with a bribe can be great. But one should not forget that such an act falls under the jurisdiction of the Criminal Law of the Russian Federation, and not only the person who accepts the bribe, but also the one who gives it, is subject to responsibility. Therefore, we will consider how to open a waste recycling business in full compliance with the law.

Company registration

The very first step for starting a garbage business from scratch is registering their organization. You can register an enterprise both as an individual entrepreneur and as an LLC. According to the experts' recommendation, the registration form in the form of LLC is more preferable. This makes it possible in the future, if necessary, to expand the scope of activities by engaging in some related production. This can be, for example, the independent production and sale of consumer goods from recycled materials.

The registration procedures of the enterprise are carried out at the territorial department of the tax service. To do this, the registration department of the Federal Tax Service will need to provide an application drawn up in accordance with the established form, and a package of related documentation. You can familiarize yourself with a sample application on the official website of the Federal Tax Service, or directly at the office of this institution. The list of documents required for registration of an LLC, in addition to the application, includes:

• The protocol, which reflects the decision of the meeting of the co-founders to create a legal entity in the form of an LLC.
• Agreement on the establishment of an LLC, endorsed by all co-founders.
• Articles of association.
• Notice of the choice of a specific taxation system. The most profitable from a financial point of view, for LLC is the simplified tax system.
• A receipt for payment of the registration fee - 4 thousand rubles.

The procedure for registering an individual entrepreneur engaged in waste processing as a business is much easier. To do this, you will need to submit an application, which will indicate the individual passport data and the selected OKVED codes... The application will also need to attach a photocopy of the passport (all pages, from the first to the last), and a bank receipt confirming payment of the state duty in the amount of 800 rubles.

Code selection economic activity depends on the specific area of ​​business. Waste recycling business belongs to class # 38, which is divided into several subclasses:

38-1. Organization of waste collection, including:

• Non-hazardous - 38.1.1.
• Dangerous - 38.1.2.

38-2. Organization of primary processing and waste disposal, including:

• Non-hazardous - 38.2.1.
• Dangerous - 38.2.1.

After a successful solution to the issue of state registration of the future enterprise, we proceed to the next stage of the implementation of the waste recycling business plan.

Obtaining permits

Waste processing is considered a potentially hazardous production due to the high probability of contamination of the soil and the atmosphere with the utilized waste. It is also possible that some toxic or hazardous substances may enter the total mass of the processed waste. And this is fraught with health problems for the employees of the enterprise.

Therefore, the waste disposal business is under the control of various supervisory authorities. To start production, you will need to obtain a permitting license from these departments. The list of required permissions includes:

• For the use of this land plot for the construction of a waste recycling plant. Issued by the territorial department of land use after the submission of the relevant application there.
• Sanitary and epidemiological stations for the suitability of the premises used for the purpose of garbage processing. Issued by the local branch of Rospotrebnadzor, the application is considered within 1 month.
• Fire control authorities. Confirms the compliance of the premises with all fire safety requirements and standards.
• A certificate from the electronic supervision of the full compliance of the production electrical supply systems with the established standards.
• A certificate from the local environmental center confirming the complete safety of the future enterprise for the environment.

Running a waste disposal business is only possible with a license. The supervisory service for nature management is in charge of issuing these documents. To obtain a license, you will need to pay a fee to the budget in the amount of 24 thousand rubles, and provide the employees of the department with the following package of documentation:

• Confirming the availability of the entire material base for the organization of work - an appropriate production facility and the necessary equipment.
• Confirming that the company has a staff with the necessary certificates. Copies of certificates with attached photocopies of employment contracts are provided for consideration.
• Permission to start production activities from the Sanitary and Epidemiological Service.
• Information about the nature of the waste with which the enterprise will work as raw material.
• Copies of agreements concluded with solid waste landfills, on the disposal of unprocessed waste residues.

In addition, the supervisory authority will need to provide a certificate from the tax service on state registration of a waste recycling organization, copies of constituent documents (for LLC) and a statement. You can submit documents in person by coming to the office of the environmental supervision institution. Or by sending them by mail to the addressee by registered mail with an inventory of all the papers attached to the application.

Legislative standards give the employees of this department a period of up to three months for consideration of the appeal. After that, employees will either issue a license or refuse to do so. They must substantiate their refusal so that the applicant has the opportunity to appeal it to higher authorities.

Selection of premises for production

But now all the necessary licenses and permits have been obtained, and the entrepreneur is faced with the question - where to start a business on waste? The next step is to find a suitable room to house all the production lines. For these purposes, an abandoned industrial building is quite suitable - a workshop or warehouse of a closed plant, a large hangar, an autobox. The main condition is that it must be spacious enough to accommodate equipment and provide space for the free movement of employees.

This follows from the following figures:

• At least 400 square meters will be occupied by the production workshop itself, where the sorting and utilization of raw materials will be carried out.
• At least another 200 m 2 will need to be allocated for storing the supplied raw materials and already sorted products.
• We should not forget about the accompanying premises - office, household rooms for working personnel, showers, toilets, etc.

IN total, the ideal room for a waste recycling plant should be at least 700-800 m 2. If you did not manage to find a suitable room, then the only way out remains - to build it yourself. True, this pleasure is not cheap. A pre-fabricated hangar-type structure of a metal-frame structure, taking into account the cost of supplying all the necessary communications, will cost an average of 15 to 25 million rubles. The ideal location for the plant is next to an existing solid waste landfill. Thus, it will be possible to save on the export of unprocessed raw materials, and to simplify the coordination of all permits with environmental supervision.

Purchase of the necessary equipment

Another important item of expenses associated with the launch of a waste recycling production is the purchase of equipment necessary for these purposes. On sale on the modern market there are two types of waste processing lines: stationary and mobile. Stationary modifications require a large area for their installation and are not intended for quick dismantling.

Mobile lines consist of separate units, which can be quickly, within one working day, assembled, or dismantled again by a team of specialists. They are more compact and do not require capital structures for installation: it will be enough to have a canopy to protect from electrical equipment from precipitation. The only drawback of such models is lower performance than that of stationary equipment. In terms of cost, both options are approximately comparable, and will cost the buyer from 3 to 6 million rubles, depending on the manufacturer and configuration.

A standard set of a waste recycling line includes:

• Sorting conveyor line along which the garbage moves.
• Storage hopper for raw materials supplied to the conveyor.
• Crusher for crushing oversized waste.
• Electromagnet for extracting metal components from raw materials.
• Combustion oven.

When purchasing a furnace for incinerating non-recycled waste, you need to know that you can do this business only in compliance with certain rules. Any violation of the regulations may entail the imposition of large monetary fines, and even the revocation of the license.

Staff recruitment

The next very important stage will be the selection of the company's personnel. It should be borne in mind that with such a seemingly simple matter as sorting garbage, in fact, far from everyone can cope. Moreover, without the presence of a staff of workers with the appropriate certificates, it will be impossible to obtain permission to start work. Therefore, a business plan for a waste processing plant must take this factor into account.

The number of personnel directly depends on the size of the processing plant. For example, a workforce for a medium-sized plant should look like this:

• Chief (director, head of production).
• Technologist.
• Accountant.
• Account Manager.
• 2-3 drivers, depending on the size of the fleet. However, there is an opportunity to save on this staffing unit by concluding a transport services contract with an outsourcing company.
• Production line operators.
• Workers-sorters, loaders - from 10 to 30 staff units.

In addition, at fairly large industries, the staff may include narrow specialists: electricians, service technicians, security guards.

Supply of raw materials and sales of finished products

Like any business, waste processing is highly dependent on market conditions. Therefore, already at the planning stage, it is necessary to calculate the benefits of a particular specialization. Sorted waste is a fairly liquid product that is in demand by many industrial enterprises... For clarity, we present the market value of one ton of some types of waste:

• Aluminum cans for drinks - up to 50 thousand rubles.
• Compressed plastic waste - 15 thous.
• Shredded rubber car tires- 15-17 thousand
• Paper and cardboard - 10-12 thous.

The obtained data, in order to have an approximate idea of ​​the possible amount of income, must be multiplied by the average daily productivity of the sorting line, which is from 8 to 15 tons of raw materials. Based on the given data, you can already draw up an approximate business plan with calculations for waste recycling.

Another question that inevitably arises before a waste recycling entrepreneur: how to organize the supply of raw materials. There are several ways to solve this problem. For example, negotiate with local utilities to deliver waste to the plant directly from the place of collection, that is, from garbage containers... But at the same time, you should have a place equipped in accordance with all the rules, where the raw materials will be stored pending processing.

Another option is to install in the city its own containers for the separate collection of solid waste, and acquire special equipment for its removal. This option, of course, is more costly, but in the long term it promises a large profit associated with the accelerated processing of garbage already sorted by the population. You can also agree with the management of solid waste landfills on the collection of certain types of waste. To collect them, you can attract, for a small fee, various asocial persons (in other words, homeless people), who always live near large dumps.

If you have special vehicles, you can independently conclude an agreement on the removal of a certain type of waste with large production or trading organizations. In this way, you can get the necessary raw materials in advance. These can be cardboard packaging, which is accumulated in excess at large supermarkets; plastic, aluminum and glass containers for drinks, which are "rich" in catering establishments, cafes and restaurants.

As you can see, sorting waste as a business can bring a lot of income to its owner. To obtain a stable profit, you only need to find funds to start production, obtain all the necessary permits, and competently organize the business.