Waste sorting in Russia - Garbage tradition. Waste sorting as a business: organizational aspects, types and prices of production lines, enterprise profitability Equipment for sorting industrial waste

In Russia, there are 11 thousand landfills and dumps, 4 waste incineration plants, 5 waste processing plants and 39 waste sorting complexes (2011 data), while, however, the population's primary waste sorting system practically does not work. Therefore, automated sorting of solid waste is a necessary stage that can be used at different stages of complex waste processing, including, in addition to sorting, heat treatment and fermentation, and provides a low final waste of production in general. Possible variants of schemes for organizing complex processing of solid waste were presented earlier (see Fig. 7.9).

Foreign and domestic experience in MSW processing shows that today there is no and cannot exist a single universal method or scheme that simultaneously meets all economic (cost level), technological (requirements for raw materials, processes and products) and environmental (compliance with standards) requirements. Integrated recycling is a certain combination of methods, a kind of technological "puzzle" built in accordance with the ultimate goal of recycling, which in turn is determined in accordance with the concept of waste management at the regional level. Each method of sorting, decontamination or disposal has its own advantages and disadvantages, and the use of a combination of methods allows you to minimize these disadvantages.

So, the main purpose of complex sorting is the maximum recovery of waste components, however, due to the removal of ballast fractions, the fermentation efficiency increases and the quality of compost improves, the calorific value of the combustible fraction is increased, and clogging decreases. grate grates ovens, etc. The number of stages at which sorting operations are used, the number and sequence of operations, their hardware design depend on the moisture content of the waste, morphological and particle size distribution, speed and physical and chemical laws of the process.

As an example, we can consider the technological scheme of MSW processing used in Sweden. The purpose of processing is to separate the feedstock into three main streams:

combustible fractions (paper, wood, textiles, film, etc.);
compostable material (food waste, wet paper and sewage sludge);
black scrap metal.

At the first stage, solid waste is crushed, subjected to magnetic separation and sorted in a cylindrical screen. The lower, softer and looser organic fraction is mixed with sewage sludge and subjected to aerobic fermentation - open composting, after which glass and other heavy ballast fractions - stones, rubber, dense plastic - are removed from the compost by secondary screening (screening).

The upper, harder combustible fraction is subjected to secondary magnetic separation, drying and briquetting (pressing).

As a result of such processing according to a simplified scheme, 2.4% of ferrous scrap, 26.3% of fuel and 71.3% of fractions for composting are obtained.

Domestic experience the design of integrated schemes for the processing of solid waste can be traced on the example of a basic technological scheme for sorting solid waste with subsequent incineration, implemented at plant No. 4, located in the industrial zone "Rudnevo" in Moscow (Fig. 7.18). The scheme is a set of sequential screening operations, magnetic and electrodynamic separation, aimed at recovering scrap ferrous and non-ferrous metals (aluminum). However, such a scheme does not imply a stage of preliminary preparation of the waste stream, which reduces the efficiency of metal extraction, and separation of fractions by a size class of 250 mm does not provide separation of the main components (in Fig. 7.17, a classification is given in sizes, depending on where the fraction is collected: from above (+) or below (-) screen). An integrated waste processing and sorting technology should take into account the composition and properties of the feedstock and rely on the experience of world practice. A distinctive feature of residential waste is a certain size class of components, varying in a narrow range of 150-200 mm, since it is in this class that about 80% of ferrous metal, about 80% of tinned containers, more than 95% of aluminum scrap, more than 60% of paper (from total content of these components in MSW) [19]. Thus, the enrichment of solid waste should be aimed at separating the components included in this size class, with a preliminary separation of the crumb-lump components.

In addition, using this processing scheme does not solve the problem of preparing solid waste for thermal processing, since all ballast fractions, including hazardous components (97-98% of the original amount), are sent for incineration. As a result, 1 ton of highly toxic ash, containing dioxins, heavy metals and other toxic components in a concentrated form, is formed per 3 tons of waste incinerated. This solid residue cannot be disposed of and must be disposed of in hazardous waste landfills.

An example of the most successful integrated solution to the problem of solid waste processing can be a modern technological scheme of a multi-resource industrial complex (MPC) (Fig. 7.18; the numbers in circles are the unit number in the general scheme; in accordance with the requirements for low-waste technological processes, the number of technological units process should be the minimum possible), developed by Energopromsystems LLC (Ukraine) and passed model tests, which involves the processing of organic raw materials by the method of destructive thermochemical conversion - high-temperature pyrolysis (12 () () - Н300 ° С) (see subparagraph 4.3.4 ).

When processed in a gas generator, any organic components of the waste are converted into a combustible gas, which is a mixture of hydrogen, carbon monoxide and methane (with a heating value of 1000

1350 kcal / nm 3), and liquid pyrolysis resin - "synthetic oil", from which fuel gasoline and diesel fractions can be separated. Solid ash residue resulting from processing practically does not contain "dusty" harmful components, such as heavy metals, since the glass contained in the crushed mass subjected to pyrolysis, when high temperatures vitrifies the mineral components of the waste. During pyrolysis processing, supertoxic gas emissions of dioxins characteristic of incineration plants are practically not formed, since plastic and film, which are the main sources of these emissions, undergo thermochemical destruction under redox conditions of pyrolysis.

Figure: 7.17.

To recycle waste, you must first sort it. In developed countries, there is a separate collection of waste, so its processing is carried out there in a high quality and environmentally friendly manner. Russia does not yet have such a developed system, therefore, in order to process mixed solid waste, they need to be sorted at factories.

Waste sorting is one of the stages carried out before the actual waste processing. In the process, components are selected from the collected mixed mass of solid waste, i.e. separate waste according to various criteria into different groups. Garbage is sorted at waste sorting and waste processing plants using special equipment. The importance of sorting is to separate certain types of waste from their mixture and send them for appropriate processing in a convenient form.

Often the term "waste sorting" is confused with the concept "", but this is not the same thing. The second concept involves the separation of different types of waste materials at the collection stage. For this purpose, containers are installed different color, each of which is intended for a specific waste (plastic, paper, glass, etc.).

How trash is sorted

We will consider the process of sorting solid waste (MSW) using the example of the recently opened Russia's largest waste sorting plant (Tyumen). The technology of this enterprise includes the following stages:

Undivided waste goes to the conveyor. In the first workshop, the separation of those types of waste that can disrupt the operation of equipment: stones, metal, ceramic and other components is performed manually.
Then the debris is divided into parts depending on the diameter.
Then the waste is sorted by material: plastic, paper, etc. In compressed bales, they are sent to waste processing plants.

Waste sorting system for kitchen

That's right, if separate waste collection starts at home. For this, special devices can be used - waste sorting systems for washing. They are constructions with several containers for different types of waste.

Such systems are intended for kitchen cabinets and are installed under sinks. Structures can be retractable (on rails), there are also systems that are attached to the opening cabinet door. Such types of devices are also sold in which waste is collected through the neck in the sink. Good systems are made from high-quality polymers that prevent the spread of unpleasant odor of garbage in the apartment. Built-in sorting structures are not cheap.

Waste sorting in Russia

Recycling and sorting of waste in our country is poorly developed. It is necessary to start sorting waste, or rather, separate collection of it, next to the sources of solid waste. Those. Russians themselves must separate the different. To do this, you need to install special containers everywhere (for organic matter, plastic, paper, etc.).

In our country, for the time being, there are still ordinary garbage cans where mixed waste is dumped. In unsorted form, they can be sent to processing plants, while the processing process is more expensive (since preliminary sorting is required), and the final product is of lower quality. For these reasons, in Russia, mixed waste is most often subject to thermal decomposition in incinerators or landfills.

Waste sorting abroad

Much better sorting of solid waste is carried out in European and other developed countries.

Germany

In Germany (as in most other European countries), the costs of sorting waste at recycling plants are minimized, because the Germans themselves conscientiously observe the rules of separate waste collection.

All residents of Germany have trash bins and bags in their apartments, in which different types of garbage are added. The Germans put the separately collected waste into street containers of different colors. Utilities will then also collect waste from containers separately and deliver the sorted waste to specific waste disposal plants.

A resident of Germany who threw out garbage in the wrong place will be prosecuted (usually in the form of fines). If the candy wrapper is deliberately thrown not in the trash can, but conditionally next to it, then the German will pay a fine of 35 euros.

Italy

Residents themselves must sort garbage in Italy (the law came into force relatively recently). IN large cities for this purpose, special tanks of different colors are installed. Residents of very small settlements dispose of different kinds waste on schedule. Italians hand over hazardous and bulky waste to specialized points.

Waste storage takes place using special bags. For example, organic components are discarded in biodegradable bags. Fines are issued for non-compliance with the established requirements.

Czech

The Czech Republic also has a law (185/2001), according to which the Czechs must carry out the correct waste disposal. Waste is sorted at home, then differentiated waste is sent to bins for separate collection.

Instead of ordinary trash cans on the streets of the Czech Republic

Japan

The rules for sorting garbage by the Japanese differ from similar principles in european countries... But the residents themselves sort the waste.

Usually in Japan, all garbage is divided into 4 types. Waste can be non-combustible, combustible, recyclable and bulky. Different types of garbage are thrown in different bags, which differ in color and volume. Bulky waste is marked with a special sticker. Separate waste collection is regulated by the persons working on the garbage truck.

Garbage is collected at a specific time, by which the Japanese display their filled garbage bags. They are transparent, so workers can control how correct the sorting is. Garbage truck will not accept bags with violations. The offender will need to re-sort, otherwise a fine may be issued.

In developed countries, sorting waste is reduced to separate collection of waste, because residents of these states strictly comply with all requirements and are interested in preserving their ecology. Russia, however, has yet to go through a difficult path to achieve a well-functioning system of separate waste collection.

Sorting solid waste as a business

A current business idea is to open a waste sorting plant, and the city authorities can help in its implementation. However, it should be borne in mind that this is a costly business associated with the design of a number required documents, including a license for sorting household waste (if they have 1-4 hazard class). A rough sorting business plan can be found online.

Technical equipment

To sort the garbage, you need special equipment, which can be conditionally divided into types:

having automatic or manual sorting:
stationary and mobile;
with automobile or railway course.

The equipment can be of European and domestic production. Wherein waste sorting complex includes:

a platform for the arrival of special vehicles;
weighing platform;
overpass for transport for unloading waste;
main production area;
warehouses for the received recyclable materials and areas for its export.

Sorting lines

Let's consider a sorting line using the example of a waste sorting complex for 20 thousand tons of solid waste per year from the Netmus company. It consists of:

chain conveyor that feeds waste from the pit to the platform;
belt sorting conveyor;
chain conveyor for feeding sorted waste to the press;
a reversible belt conveyor that removes sorting tails;
sorting platform;
presses that reduce waste and form briquettes from recycled materials;
magnetic separator;
screens;
automated control system.

The complex can also be equipped with bag breakers, shredders, different kinds separators, PET bottle punchers, packaging machines, etc. To find out how much the equipment for sorting from the Netmus company costs, you need to fill out the commercial proposal form on the official website.

The cost of the lines depends on its performance, composition, etc. For example, the Chelyabinsk company ESI Engineering sells a sorting line "VtorTech-60" with a capacity of up to 60 thousand tons of solid waste per year for 3 million 490 thousand rubles.

Video

An overview of the equipment included in the waste sorting complex from the Netmus company and designed to process 50 thousand tons of solid waste annually is presented in this video:

Sorting waste is a laborious process, but necessary to obtain recyclable materials and new products from it. It is more correct to sort the garbage even at the stage of its collection. However, in our country, separate waste collection is associated with a number of problems, the main of which are the need for large financial investments and the cultivation of a culture of waste separation in people.

for the city of Yekaterinburg - a line with a capacity of 250 thousand tons / year, equipped with 10 scanning machines with a scanning working area width from 1,400 to 2,800 mm with the separation of 12 types of secondary raw materials and the production of secondary fuel;
for the city of Chusovoy (Perm Territory) - a line with a capacity of 39 thousand tons / year, equipped with 8 machines with a scanning working area width from 1,000 to 2,800 mm with the separation of 8 types of secondary raw materials.

Laboratory complex for deep optical-mechanical sorting of waste streams and materials

At the Department of Security environment Perm National Research Polytechnic University in 2013 organized a laboratory complex for deep optical-mechanical sorting of waste streams and materials. The complex includes equipment from Stadler and Titech. The layout diagram of the equipment is shown in Fig. 2.

The investigated batch of materials enters the feeding conveyor 1, then through the overloading conveyor 2 enters the ballistic separator 3, where it is subjected to fractional separation. With the help of a separator, the total flow can be divided into 3 parts: flat fraction (for example, plastic film, sheets of paper, cardboard), volume fraction (for example, PET bottle, canisters) and screening (components having geometric dimensions less than 20 mm). Each stream can be removed from the process chain using cross conveyors or directed to the accelerating conveyor 4. Another important function of the ballistic separator is to loosen waste and distribute it evenly over the surface of the conveyor, which is necessary for high-quality separation with compressed air. Waste is recognized and sorted by unit 5.

The components "shot" by the system, as well as the sorting "tails", are removed from the technological chain for further research or returned to the cycle using reversible conveyors 6 and 7. Optical equipment, when sorting waste, is able to carry out percentage statistics of the sorted components, ultimately presenting it in graphs and diagrams. When working with solid waste, the complex can be used for sorting polymers, removing paper mixture, obtaining secondary fuel (RDF), sorting organic matter and purifying wood. However, the most priority areas of application of the laboratory complex are the study of the composition and resource potential of solid waste, the identification of possibilities for obtaining secondary fuel (RDF) and the development of optical sorting technology.

Studies of the composition and resource potential of solid household waste

Studies of the morphological composition of MSW are becoming increasingly important in connection with the development of technologies for using their resource potential. In this regard, there is a need to optimize such studies both in terms of minimizing time, labor and financial costs, and in terms of increasing the reliability and accuracy of the results. The use of automatic waste sorting lines to assess the percentage of individual components in solid waste is a promising research area.

The traditional scheme for studying the morphological composition of solid waste includes the selection of representative samples (waste) and their analysis - visual identification of individual components, their manual separation and weighing. The results (masses of individual components) are recorded in the primary protocols, on the basis of which the morphological composition of solid waste is subsequently calculated.

The heterogeneity of solid waste (both in the nature of the constituent materials and in their size, the variability of their composition by days of the week, by seasons of the year and depending on many other factors) necessitates the selection of significant volumes of waste as a representative sample. The manual sorting of such volumes of waste, which is a very painstaking work, is associated with significant time and labor costs. In this regard, the search for possible ways to optimize such studies becomes relevant.

The use of automatic sorting lines under certain conditions can significantly speed up and simplify the study of the morphological composition of solid waste, especially in cases where it is necessary to study large volumes of waste.

A comparative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of using manual labor and automatic equipment for sorting waste in determining the morphological composition of waste is given in table. 2.

There are two main areas of use for optical waste sorting lines:

sorting waste by separating components and their subsequent weighing;
processing of statistical data on the distribution of materials over the flow area.

In the first case, the research execution algorithm described earlier, as a whole, remains unchanged, only in this case, waste sorting into a given number of components is not done manually, but automatically, and all other procedures and the order of processing the results remain the same. The advantage here is the possibility of sorting a larger volume of waste compared to manual sorting and thus increasing the accuracy of the results. The disadvantage is the limited number of components: each installation with an optical scanner is allowed to extract only one component from the stream, therefore, to determine a large number of components (as is required in studies of the morphological composition), either big number scanning installations, or the organization of multiple passage of the waste stream through the scanning device with step-by-step selection of all the components of interest.

In the second case, based on the statistical data produced by the optical scanner, the empirical coefficient of the dependence of the content of a specific component in waste on its share in the total area of \u200b\u200bthe waste stream is calculated:

where i is the number of determined components required for a specific study;
With i - the content of the i-th component in the test sample;
S i - the proportion of the area occupied by the i-th component in the total flow area of \u200b\u200bthe test sample.

The content of each component in the test sample (morphological composition of the waste of the test sample) is determined in the traditional way by dividing the entire sample into components, determining the mass of each component (weighing) and subsequent statistical processing of the results. The number and weight of samples, as well as other indicators of the experimental study, are determined according to the described scheme.

After calculating the coefficient of dependence of the content of all components on their area, it becomes possible to determine the morphological composition of the waste only on the basis of the data of the waste scanning system without waste separation and subsequent weighing. Only the selection and analysis of a representative waste sample remains a prerequisite.

Thus, time and labor costs are significantly reduced. However, it should be understood that information obtained in such an indirect way may have a larger error in comparison with the classical definition. To reduce this error, it is advisable to pre-grind the waste sample, thereby making it more homogeneous.

Sorting technology development

The spread of automatic sorting using optical recognition in Russia is hindered by various reasons. First, it is the difference between Russian sorted materials and their foreign counterparts in terms of chemical composition, which makes it impossible to recognize them by optical sensors. Secondly, until now, the technologies for sorting the incoming flow of mixed solid waste, typical for Russia, have not been developed (in Europe, separate waste collection prevails). That is why the actual direction of research for the implementation of optical-mechanical sorting technology is:

determination of the spectral characteristics of specific materials with entry into the database, the addition of new materials characteristic of russian waste;
determination of the dependence of spectral characteristics on material moisture;
determination of technological parameters for sorting mixed solid waste and separately collected waste;
optimization of equipment configuration.

The use of equipment for automatic sorting of materials with an optical recognition system makes it possible to significantly increase the speed of sorting materials compared to manual labor. In addition, the ability to identify more than a thousand materials (by color and chemical composition) opens up broad prospects for the industrial application of these technologies.

The use of the laboratory complex will allow testing the technology of optical sorting in Russian conditions, which will greatly facilitate the use of such systems in Russia. Studies of the morphological composition of household waste will make it possible to adapt equipment for sorting domestic materials, to establish a more accurate content of components in waste of different composition, which in turn will ensure the selection of the optimal option for further processing of solid waste and maximum use of their resource potential.

The work on the creation of the complex is supported by the Ministry of Education Perm region within the framework of an agreement on the provision and targeted use of subsidies for the implementation of scientific projects by international research groups of scientists on the basis of state educational institutions of the Perm Territory.

G. V. Ilyinykh, Senior Lecturer,
D. L. Borisov, Senior Lecturer,
Yu. V. Kulikova, docent,
V. N. Korotaev, Vice-Rector for Science and Innovation,
Perm National Research Polytechnic University
magazine "Solid household waste" No. 10, 2013

Literature
1. Slyusar NN, Borisov DL, Grigoriev VN Development of a complex technological scheme for sorting solid household waste. Vestn. PNRPU. Urban studies. - 2011. - No. 3. - P. 75–82.
2. Huskens J., Kluttig M. Automatic sorting of waste // Innovations in the theory and practice of waste management: presentation mat. int. scientific-practical Conf., Perm, November 5–6, 2009
3. Ilinykh GV, Ustyantsev EA, Vaisman Ya. I. Construction of the material balance of the manual sorting line for solid household waste // Ecology and Industry of Russia. - 2013. - No. 1. - P. 22–25.
4. Ilinykh GV, Korotaev VN, Slyusar NN Modern methodological approaches to the analysis of the morphological composition of solid waste in order to use their resource potential // Ecology and Industry of Russia. - 2012. - No. 7. - P. 40–45.

Municipal solid waste (MSW) - solid substances that are not utilized in everyday life, formed as a result of human activity and depreciation of household items. MSW is characterized by multicomponent and heterogeneous composition, low density and instability (the ability to decay).

The volume of formation and processing of solid waste

According to Research.Techart estimates, the volume of municipal waste generation in Russia is 40 million tons. The recycling potential is estimated at 14 million tons, but despite this, at present ~ 90% or more than 35 million tons of waste is disposed of to landfills and landfills. Not more than 10% of solid waste is recycled, of which about 3% is incinerated and 7% is sent to industrial processing.

The main difficulty on the way to recycling solid waste is the lack of a separate waste collection system in our country, which is an inevitable condition for their deep recycling. So, 60-80% of the morphological composition of MSW is a potential raw material for use in industry (35-45%) or composting (25-35%). However, sorting of mixed solid waste and transported in one garbage truck allows to extract only 11-15% of secondary resources. At the same time, it is almost impossible to use biodegradable (organic) waste.

Despite the difficulties, the MSW processing industry is growing every year: the number of processing enterprises is increasing, state-owned waste disposal plants are being built (incineration, sorting at landfills, composting), the cost of primary raw materials is increasing and, accordingly, the use of secondary raw materials is increasing, new laws and economic incentives for market participants, state propaganda aimed at increasing the environmental responsibility of the population.

MSW processing market participants

The Russian waste processing market is characterized by the presence of the following groups of players.

Figure 1. Structure of the market for processing solid household waste

According to Research.Techart estimates, as of the beginning of 2010 in Russia there are:

11,000 landfills and landfills;
4 operating incineration plants (located in Moscow);
5 waste recycling plants;
39 waste sorting complexes;
more than 1000 organizations for the removal of solid household waste.

The specificity of the market is its exclusively local character. As a rule, a separate group of players is represented in each region, which controls the sphere of solid waste management.

Sorting solid waste

In contrast to the garbage collection segment, a significant number of companies, including small ones, operate in the market for sorting and processing solid waste.

Sorting of solid household waste can be carried out as informal landfill brigades (homeless people working on garbage dumps, provide processing of up to 40-50% of the garbage brought), and professional players, represented mainly by waste sorting and waste processing complexes (plants).

The main operations performed by enterprises of this group:

collection and transportation of indivisibly collected solid waste to the sorting place;
sorting of waste with the selection of waste components;
pressing waste components for further processing;
removal of the non-utilized part of the waste for disposal.

MSW sorting is often done manually. The sorting table is equipped with a certain number of workplaces, where operators select dry waste: paper, cardboard, plastic, cullet, PET bottles.

The final product of the sorting process is briquetted recyclable materials: waste paper, polyethylene, PET bottles, aluminum cans, etc., supplied to industrial enterprises for further recycling, or compost (biofuel and organic fertilizers).

The following companies can be cited as examples of representatives of this group (the capacities of sorting lines are indicated):

Arkhangelsk Waste Processing Plant OJSC (Arkhangelsk Region, www.ampk.ru) - 110,000 tons of solid waste / year;
CJSC Belgorod Waste Sorting Plant (Belgorod) - 600 tons of useful fractions per month;
LLC "Housing and Communal Services" Clean City "(Republic of Tatarstan) - 200,000 tons of solid waste / year;
JSC Solid Waste Processing Plant (Samara Region, www.zpbo.ru) - 100,000 tons of solid waste / year;
Ulan-Ude waste processing plant (Republic of Buryatia) - 80,000 tons of solid waste / year, etc.

The importance of the sorting stage is due to the undeveloped practice of separate waste collection in Russia. Single attempts environmental education population were accepted in Nizhny Novgorod, Smolensk, Belgorod, Volgograd and Moscow, but these ideas did not receive much popularity. Note that, depending on whether the garbage is sent for sorting in a selective form or not, the percentage of useful fractions emitted depends. So, in the case of sorting pre-selected types of waste, the yield of briquetted recyclable materials can reach 97% (the remaining 3% are sent for burial or destruction). With the total waste flow, the yield of useful fractions is only 15%.

Recycling solid waste

In the group of solid household waste processors, one can distinguish waste processing plants, enterprises specializing in processing a certain type of solid waste, as well as manufacturers of final products. A separate group should consider incinerators that process solid waste in a thermal way. Research.Techart estimates russian market MSW processing is estimated at $ 1.5-2 billion. To a large extent, enterprises engaged exclusively in waste processing are concentrated in large cities (especially in Moscow).

The garbage recycling company earns both from the reception of waste and from the sale of recyclable materials.

The cost of purchasing waste varies from 600 to 8000 rubles per ton.

Table 1. The cost of accepting waste for processing, rub. (source: price lists of market participants)

According to market participants, the recycling process leads to an increase in the cost of incoming sorted waste by an average of 50%. The cost of the recyclable materials obtained can be 1.5 times lower than the cost of the primary material.

Collection of solid waste for processing is carried out both on its own (companies leave on request, or place containers for separate placement of waste), and by third parties (on the basis of companies, collection points for certain types of solid waste are organized).

Clean recyclers are rare since their main activity is usually the production of products from primary or recyclable materials. Such companies offer, in particular, third-party waste processing services. The service consists in the fact that the company receives the waste and, by granulating it in recyclable materials, returns it to the original owner. The owner of the waste pays for the recycling service. The cost of such a service, for example, in the polymer waste market is 8-10 rubles / kg.

In order to provide better logistics and competitive prices, many processors are located close to the raw material producer.

Examples of companies specializing in processing a certain type of solid waste (processing capacities are indicated):

Energotorgservice LLC (Nizhny Novgorod region, www.ekosteklo.ru) - 20 tons of cullet per day;
"EcoPlastic" (LLC "Land Finance", Kemerovo region, www.landfinance.ru) - 500 kg / hour of PET bottles, 300 kg / hour of polyethylene;
Ecoshina LLC (Primorsky Territory, www.ecoshina.ru) - 5000 tons of used tires per year;
JSC "Chekhov Regeneration Plant" (Moscow region, www.chrz.ru) - up to 8000 tons of tires per year;
SV Project (Moscow region, www.svproject.ru) - 250 tons of polymer waste per month, etc.

Incineration of solid waste

All currently operating incineration plants (incinerators) are located in Moscow. On average, they utilize about 700 thousand tons of solid waste per year, which is only 13% of the total waste generation in the capital. Here are the main characteristics of the incineration plant.

MC З № 2 State Unitary Enterprise "Ecotechprom"

The plant was first put into operation in 1975. In November 2000 it was reconstructed, as a result of which two new technological lines "KNIM" (France) were introduced. An additional third line was installed in December 2004.
The production capacity is 130 thousand tons of waste per year.
The German waste incineration technology "Martin GMBH für Umwelt-und Energitechnik" has been introduced at the plant.
The efficiency of cleaning flue gases from waste incineration is 99.8%.

MSZ No. 3 (LLC "EFN - Ecotechpro m MSZ 3")

First commissioned in 1983. In 2005 it was stopped. Within the framework of the Moscow Government international competition Joint Stock Company "EFN" (Austria) was declared the winner and received a contract for the reconstruction and operation of MSZ No. 3. Start new waste incineration plant took place at the end of 2007 on the same territory where the old plant was located. The total investment is about 175 million euros.
Firm EFN together with Moscow specialized organization will operate the plant until 2019, and then it will become the property of Moscow.
The production capacity is 360 thousand tons of waste per year.
2 technological lines are installed.

MSZ No. 4 GUP "Ecotechprom"

The plant has been operating since 2005. By the end of 2008, the incinerator accepted 263 thousand tons of solid waste, which is 3.5% more than in 2007. Produced 67 mln. 638 thousand kWh of electricity, which is 13.4% more than in 2007.

70% of the electricity was used for own needs and 30% was supplied to the Mosenergo network. Production capacity - 250 thousand tons of waste per year.
Decree of the Government of Moscow No. 313-PP from provides for an increase in the capacity of Special Plant No. 4: 1st stage - from 250 to 280 thousand tons of solid waste per year; 2nd stage - from 280 to 600 thousand tons of solid waste per year.

Consumers of processed products

A special group in the MSW processing market is the manufacturers of final products who purchase waste for use in the technological process: the cost of products using recyclable materials is 20-30% less than an analogue made from 100% of primary material.

As a rule, large-scale production facilities start their own recycling, which allows them to control the quality of recyclable materials. At the same time, they use not only the remains of their production, but also buy third-party waste.

Medium and low-tonnage producers of consumer goods are the main consumers of processed products.

This distribution is very conditional, variations are possible, in particular, the formation of complex enterprises responsible for performing several operations at once for waste management.

As an example, the following companies use recyclable materials in the production of final products.

Table 2. Selected list of enterprises using secondary raw materials (

news

Automatic sorting technology for municipal solid waste

The company "EKOROSSTROY" offers you a modern and efficient technology for automatic sorting of solid municipal waste

Automatic sorting is based on the use of a visual spectrometry system, which allows the extraction of various materials from a mixed or homogeneous waste stream, taking into account the physical and chemical characteristics of the material.

The automatic sorting unit is an optical scanner mounted above a high-speed belt conveyor that detects material (up to 10,000,000 readings per second). Infrared sensors receive and analyze the reflected spectra. The statistical determination is carried out according to the size, shape, structure and color of the material. Next, a signal is sent to the pneumatic installation, and the material programmed in the scanner is shot into the corresponding hopper.

The result of automatic sorting is the separation of raw material streams from mixed MSW into fractions, depending on the specified parameters.

The use of this technology guarantees high quality and completeness of selection of fractions suitable for processing, in contrast to traditional manual sorting. Also, in the process of pneumatic sorting, a certain stage of waste preparation for the further technological process of processing passes.

The use of automatic sorting technology allows you to extract up to 98% of a certain type of secondary raw materials.

Also, the system of automatic sorting of solid municipal waste is a necessary component for the production line of alternative fuel RDF, as it excludes the ingress of harmful components into the products, for example, chlorine-containing materials.

The advantages of the presented machines over all kinds of analogs:

High productivity and purity of selection
The ability to switch and customize sorting modes depending on changes in current tasks
Ease of operation
Possibility of integrating an automatic sorting unit into an existing production line
The technology is adapted for Russian waste
The modem connection allows online monitoring of the system as well as software download.