Reserves and natural monuments of the Perm region. Reserves and specially protected places of the Perm region. Long-tailed Owl Dean
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goal: formation of an idea of \u200b\u200bthe rivers and reserves of our region.
Tasks.
- To acquaint children and parents with the various rivers of the Kama region.
- Consolidate children's knowledge about reserves Perm region.
- Develop literate speech of students, the ability to work in groups.
- To foster love and respect for the native land.
- Joint work of parents with children.
Equipment:
- computer, media projector; presentation;
- video clips “Rivers of the Perm Territory”;
- map of the Perm region;
Read the expression of the writer S.T. Aksakov: "Everything is good in nature, but water is the beauty of all nature ..."
What does it say? What are the main words here? (Children's answers)
And today we will talk about the main wealth of the Kama region - water.
Imagine that we are correspondents, journalists, presenters, editors. And we urgently need to go on the air. We have collected all the information and your task now is to present the working material to the audience.
- WORK IN GROUPS
- PRESENTING VIDEOS
- COLORING POSTER "RIVERS OF THE PERM KRAI"
1 group (the correspondent talks with the director of the reserve)
Reserve "Vishersky"
"Press conference".
Correspondent of the Murzilka magazine.
I have a question for the director of the reserve: "Where is your reserve located when it was created?"
Director of the reserve: Our reserve is located in the north of the Krasnovishersky region, occupies the 4th place in Europe in terms of area. It was created in 1991/20 years ago /.
Journal correspondent
I am interested in the question: “What is the uniqueness of the Vishersky reserve?
Director of the reserve: This is the most beautiful part of the Perm region. The most powerful ridge of the Western Urals is located here - the Tulymsky stone with a height of about 1500 m, the most beautiful outliers, miniature waterfalls up to 10 m high, mountain lakes with absolutely transparent water, little-explored caves and grottoes. In the depths of the reserve, diamonds, gold, silver, fine rock crystal were found.
Journal correspondent
I would like to know, why are reserves being created?
Director of the reserve: The reserve is a specially protected area. This means that access to its territory is possible only with a special permit. On its territory, you cannot:
Chop wood, hunt animals;
Graze livestock;
Collect berries, mushrooms ...
It is created for the preservation and restoration of natural complexes, for scientific research.
Journal correspondent
- “What is the largest river in the reserve”.
Director of the reserve: In the mountain gorges, the impetuous Vishera originates - the main river of the reserve, crossing it from north to south for 150 km.
Journal correspondent
- "I would like to know about the vegetation of the reserve."
Director of the reserve: The reserve is dominated by Spruce - fir forests, along the slopes there are groves of larch.
In total, there are about 500 plant species in the reserve. It is rich in herbaceous vegetation.
Journal correspondent
- “Is it diverse animal world?”
Reserve Director: In our reserve you can find representatives of the forest: pine marten, sable, elk, brown bear.
There are also representatives of the steppes: kestrel, harrier, common mole.
In the rivers live: muskrat, beaver, otter, the main food of which is grayling.
There are even representatives of the tundra zone: ptarmigan, arctic fox, reindeer
From fish - grayling, taimen.
There are a lot of different birds: spotted crane, corncrake, spotted thrush, etc.
Journal correspondent
- “Are there any rare plants and animals? ”.
Reserve Director: There are rare plants listed in the Red Book of Russia:
Shiverekiya Podolskaya;
Minuartia of Helm;
7 species are considered rare in the Kama region. Of them:
Peony evading;
Anemone Perm;
Rhodiola rosea etc.
Animals listed in the Red Book of Russia: osprey, golden eagle, white-tailed eagle. Rare in the Kama region: European mink.
Journal correspondent
A question for a tourism specialist: "How are things with tourism, and are there any prospects for its development?"
Reserve director: The territory is remote from industrial centers, inaccessible - all this contributed to the preservation of large areas of forests in their original form, which had never seen the logger's ax. There are no signs of pollution on the soil or in the air, the rivers have preserved crystal clear water. For these reasons, the reserve has good prospects for the development of tourism. Currently, bases and parking lots have been set up in picturesque places. An ecological visiting center is being created in the central estate.
Group 2 (morning broadcast with Timofey Bazhenov, contacted the director of the reserve and his assistants).
Reserve "Basegi"
About natural conditions:
The first reserve in the Perm Territory is located on the western spurs of the middle Urals. He is already 29 years old. This is the only part of the taiga that has almost completely survived from the felling. It got its name in honor of the Basegi mountain range, / which means beautiful /. The territory of the reserve has a well-defined mountainous relief. Some peaks reach heights of 800-900m above sea level. 8 rivers flow on the territory of the reserve. The largest are Usva and Vilva. All rivers are mountainous.
A story about vegetation.
Most of the reserve is occupied by fir-spruce forests typical of the Middle Urals with a small admixture of birch. When you go up the slope of the mountains, the open woodland turns into crooked woodland - a bizarrely bent, shortened, creeping forest of birch, spruce, mountain ash, and cedar. The fantasy of nature, the constant wind forced the trees to cuddle to the ground, creep over stones and moss. The main mass of rare plants is concentrated on the heights of 600 m: ferns, Perm anemone, Caucasian sedge.
There are plants listed in the Urals Red Book:
Peony evading / Maryin root /;
Goose bow.
The most picturesque, valuable and vulnerable parts of the reserve are located on the very tops of the mountains. There are berries in the reserve: blueberries, lingonberries, blueberries, cloudberries. The reserve is home to 700 plant species, of which 50 species are classified as rare, and 2: Shivereki Podolskaya and Kalypso Bulbous are listed in the Red Book of Russia.
A story about animals.
The fauna of the reserve is typical for the taiga zone. The mountains are inhabited by the red and common voles, sable, long-eared owl, forest lemming. In the forests, the following are common: elk, bear, fox, lynx, white hare, squirrel. The marten, weasel, and ermine are common.
Quite rare in the reserve: flying squirrel, black polecat, otter. Traces of sable, wolf and wolverine, badger, roe deer and wild boar are rare in winter. The European mink is listed in the Red Book. There are many birds in the forest: wood grouse, black grouse, hazel grouse, titmouse, raven, nutcracker, hawk owl. The largest bird in the Urals, the eagle owl, is rare. The reserve is home to rare birds listed in the Red Book: golden eagle, peregrine falcon, black stork.
Minnow, grayling, burbot, perch are found in the rivers. A small bottom fish - sculpin, is listed in the Red Book of Russia. The most rare and poorly studied species in the reserve are bats - bats.
Group 3 (story about the rivers of Prikamye and Bereznikovsky - Vodozabor.)
On the air news "Permsky Krai"
Rivers of the Perm Territory
“There are 29 thousand of them in total, and their total length exceeds 90 thousand kilometers, which is a little less than a quarter between the Moon and the Earth.
With such indicators, the Perm Territory undoubtedly ranks first in the Urals.
Length of large rivers of the Perm region
| Kama | 1805 km |
| Sylva | 493 km |
| Chusovaya | 529 km |
| Vishera | 415 km |
| Colva | 460 km |
| Yayva | 403 km |
| Kosva | 283 km |
| Yingva | 257 km |
| Scythe | 267 km |
| Veslyana | 266 km |
| Kama | 1805 km |
| Sylva | 493 km |
| Chusovaya | 529 km |
| Vishera | 415 km |
| Colva | 460 km |
| Yayva | 403 km |
| Kosva | 283 km |
| Yingva | 257 km |
| Scythe | 267 km |
| Veslyana | 266 km |
The biggest and famous river Perm region is Kama.
The Kama is considered a tributary of the Volga, but all Permians know the opposite fact, in favor of which scientists also speak. The name of the largest in the Perm region speaks for itself - “ cam"- means big," wa”- water.
Many legends have always been associated with the rivers of the Perm Territory. One of them is dedicated to the symbol of the Perm Territory, the Kama River:
“In time immemorial, the daughter of the sun god Rada and the almighty Kryshen had a son - the god of love Kama. Kama grew up into a beautiful youth and once met a young beauty - the goddess of love Oka. Soon, the lovers got married. In the midst of the wedding feast, the young people suddenly quarreled - whose love is stronger. They argued for a long time, it was hot. Couldn't decide. And then Kama invited his beloved to go out into the open field and shoot arrows at each other. Whose arrow first strikes the heart of another - that love is stronger. And the young Kama and Oka went out into the open field, and drew the string of their bows and shot arrows at each other. But their love was so great that both arrows simultaneously pierced young hearts. Kama and Oka fell to the ground and died of love. Streams poured from their hearts and became rivers - Kama and Oka ”.
However, in addition to the Kama, there are many other picturesque rivers in the Perm Territory. These are swift mountain streams, and slowly stretching, deep and shallow rivers with clear water. For centuries the rivers of the Perm Territory have served not only as a water resource. At a time when there was no air or railway communication, rivers were the main roads throughout Russia, including the Urals.
The main transport artery, the foremother of the Gornozavodsk civilization was chusovaya river... It was used to transport first the Ural salt, and then metal, thereby supplying the whole of Russia.
Every spring, thousands of barges laden with heavy metal broke through the dangerous cliffs "soldiers" and rapids. Not everyone reached their destination. So, in the spring of 1877, 23 barges sank on one of such dangerous rocks, the Robber Stone. In 1878 the river began to lose its “transport” significance. This is due to the fact that this year the mining-and-works branch of the railway was launched. Today, only former structures vaguely resemble the active use of the river.
Many poems and songs are dedicated to the rivers of the Perm region. Beautiful vishera river in the golden light of the autumn sun.
The Usva River with magnificent views, bizarre stones, is attractive for summer holidays.
It seems that everyone who loves and respects nature will find in the Perm Territory " own”River. In winter and summer, the rivers attract a huge number of fishermen. Fans of extreme sports can try to tame the forces of nature with the help kite - kite on the ice of winter rivers, in the summer ride on water skiing, jet ski.
There are many yachting enthusiasts in the Perm Territory. Yachting regattas are held in Perm every year.
Many people come to the rivers just to swim. Many, however, come from other regions, to regional health resorts, in order to experience the healing properties of the water of the rivers of the Perm Territory.
But, perhaps, the most popular type of recreation on the numerous rivers of the Kama region is alloy ... A huge number of tourists, starting from the first days of May until late autumn go on rafting using catamarans, kayaks. And this is great, because for rest it is not at all necessary to go to distant lands - there are a great many water beauties in the Perm Territory.
Speech by a water specialist
The city of Berezniki is provided with drinking water by 2 water intakes - Izver and Usolka. They are located in a forest belt at a distance of 40-50 kilometers from the city. Water is extracted from Artesian wells with a depth of 30 to 100 meters. It is lifted by deep pumps.
There are three ways to purify water: chlorination, azonation, quartzization. In the city of Berezniki, it is chlorinated at water intakes to disarm various bacteria and microbes. Due to the fact that the pipes are old, sand, dirt, and rust can get into the water intake along with water. Further, through pipes from the water intake, water enters the counter-reservoirs, from which water is further pumped into the houses with the help of pumps. Pumps are needed to maintain pressure and for water to reach the consumer, that is, to the residents of our city.
Creative work with parents (rivers of the Perm region)
Reserves of the Perm region
Compiled by: Loginova Olga Ivanovna, teacher of biology, chemistry and geography
MBOU "Doegovskaya main comprehensive school»
There are 387 specially protected natural areas in the Perm Territory. 2 nature reserves of federal level Basegi and Vishersky were created
There are reserves on the map: A - Vishersky reserve, B - Baseg reserve and.
Vishera State Natural Reserve ik was formed in February 1991. and is located in the extreme north-east of the Perm region. The area of \u200b\u200bthe reserve is 241,200 hectares, which is 15.6% of the area of \u200b\u200bthe Krasnovishersky district and 1.5% of the region. The reserve includes a catchment area of \u200b\u200bthe upper reaches of the river. Vishera with tributaries - rivers: Vels, Capelin, Lypya, Niols, Lopya, Khalsoria.
The fauna of this protected area is also extremely rich. It is inhabited by brown bears, moose, pine martens, sables, and the European mink, which is also very rare in the Kama region.
Pine marten
European
mink
Sometimes you can even see the inhabitants of the tundra - Arctic foxes, reindeer and ptarmigan.
White partridge
On the banks of the rivers you can easily find a beaver, muskrat or otter, feeding on grayling, which is found in abundance in the local waters.
Beaver
Otter
Motley cranes, black storks, and motley thrushes feel great in Privisherye. There are even golden eagles and white-tailed eagles listed in the Red Book.
Golden Eagle White-tailed Eagle
Territory reserve "Basegi "is located within the western macroslope of the Main Ural ridge. The central line of the reserve stretches from north to south along the Basega ridge, which looks like well-isolated mountain peaks of North Baseg (952 m above sea level), Middle Baseg (994 m) and South Baseg (851 m) ).
The ridge itself is a watershed of the rivers Usva and Vilva (tributaries of the Chusovaya River) and has a well-defined altitudinal zonality
Bizarre landforms formed as a result of the last glaciation and weathering are the most beautiful places... Currently, the formation of relief is influenced by flowing waters and the movement of weathering products. 11 rivers flow through the territory of the reserve, their sizes vary within 3 - 10 m, are mountainous in nature with fast currents and clear clear water. The spring flood lasts 40 days. During summer showers, the water level in the river rises strongly, the largest rivers of the reserve are Ulva and Vilva. River Porozhnyaya
In more humid places in the shrub tundra, there are prince, crowberry, bilberry, lingonberry, blueberry, juniper, bluegrass alpine. There are almost no meadows on the peaks of the Basega mountains, and the vegetation cover is represented by various grasses, flowers and berries, as well as very rare plants.
Lingonberry blueberry prince
Arctic raspberry, princess, meadow - Rubus arcticus L.
It grows in damp coniferous and deciduous forests, near swamps, along the banks of rivers and lakes. Found in the northern and middle zones of Russia, in the Urals, in Siberia, in Far East and in the Caucasus.
Currently, as a result of deforestation, the plant is gradually disappearing from its natural habitats. Glade is introduced into culture as a valuable highly winter-resistant and ornamental plant with tasty and healing fruits. It is no coincidence that Polyanika is also called the princess. Once this berry was highly valued by the princes for its unique taste and aroma, reminiscent of both raspberries and pineapple at the same time. The peasant women followed her into an unknown distance and brought her to the princes as a rent on a par with sable skins.
Crowberry black - Empetrum nigrum L.
- The fauna of the reserve includes 51 species of mammals, 150 species of birds, 2 species of reptiles and 3 species of amphibians. There are many animals belonging to the European fauna in the reserve, for example, the bank vole, wood mouse, common vole, marten, European mink, as well as most bird species; to the representatives of the Siberian fauna - Siberian weasel, sable, red-backed vole, red-gray vole, Siberian subspecies of roe deer;
The species found only in the Urals include the mole, the common shrew, wood mouse, red vole, root vole, dark vole (South Ural subspecies),
wood mouse
Common shrew
And from the birds you can find - wood grouse, goshawk, long-tailed owl, brisket, common and reed bunting, forest accent, dipper
Long-tailed Owl Dean
Bunting male
Reed bunting
- Most protected species:
- Mammals
- shrew otter white hare speakers roe mole elk mink european reindeer vole sable
- shrew
- otter
- white hare
- speakers
- roe
- mole
- elk
- mink european
- reindeer
- vole
- sable
- Reptiles or reptiles viper viviparous lizard
- viper
- viviparous lizard
- Birds wood grouse desirable oatmeal white-tailed eagle peregrine falcon black grouse lentils sparrowhawk goshawk
- wood grouse
- desirable
- oatmeal
- white-tailed eagle
- peregrine falcon
- black grouse
- lentils
- sparrowhawk
- goshawk
- Amphibians gray toad frog sharp-faced
- gray toad
- frog sharp-faced
- grass frog
Zhelna
Roe vole
The rivers are full of grayling, minnow, burbot.
The reserves of the Perm Territory, the list of which consists of two state natural and "Vishersky", are especially valuable and protected areas of the Urals.
"Basegi"
This reserve was formed in 1982. It was created in order to preserve and study a variety of animals and vegetable world, as well as spruce and fir forests, which are located on the slopes of the Basega ridge.
Reserves cover vast territories. "Basegi" are located on the western macroslope of the Main Ural Range. Its main line stretches along the Basegi ridge, which consists of three isolated mountain peaks: North Baseg, Middle and South. The highest point is Mount Sredniy Baseg, it rises to 994.7 meters. A 30 km long mountain range is located between the rivers Usva and Vilva, belonging to the Kama basin.
Nature
State reserves of the Perm Territory have kept the nature untouched. The Basegi Ridge consists of micaceous quartzites, phyllites and other Ordovician metamorphic rocks. It is the only place in the Middle Urals untouched by the felling of taiga. "Basegi" is a kind of shelter for many species of animals and plants in the region. 27 species of plants and fungi growing on its territory are listed in the Red Book. Taiga forest species such as fir and spruce grow on the slopes of the ridge. Mountain tundra, stone placers and subalpine woodlands formed on the tops.
There is a very picturesque nature in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Basegi ridge. In the local dialect, the word "Basque" is used to describe something beautiful, wonderful. According to V. Dal, the word means "decoration", obviously from him the name of this mountain range originated. Nearby is the famous Oslyanka Mountain, which is the highest point of the Middle Urals.
Tour of the reserve
The reserves of the Perm Territory beckon with their fascinating virgin nature. There are no land holdings and leased plots, as well as residents permanently living in the reserve. One person lives in the security zone. On a rotational basis, during the warm season, they visit 8 cordons and a training and research base located on the territory of the Basegi reserve.
The total area occupied by the individual living quarters is less than one hectare. In the northern and southern parts of the reserve, two are provided. One-time passes issued by the administration of the reserve are allowed to take a tour of the reserve, accompanied by state inspectors.
Vishersky reserve
In the upper reaches of the Vishera River, in the northeast of the Kama region, one of the largest reserves in Europe has grown - a land with untouched nature, which is full of fast rivers, taiga forests, picturesque mountains, concealing a great many fascinating secrets.
This reserve - real giant, it stretched from south to north for 90 km, spread out in width for 30 versts and occupied about 1.5% of the land of the Perm region.
sights
- In the upper reaches of the Vishera, a standard (has never been cut down) dark coniferous taiga forest grows. In this way, the reserves of the Perm Territory are similar to each other.
- In the Northern Urals there are unique picturesque mountain landscapes, which include dozens of monuments of original nature.
- There is a border of several geographic areas, where you can see a variety of animals and plants of European, Siberian and northern origin.
- The reserves of the Perm Territory are a natural reserve for valuable species of flora and fauna. In the Vishersky Reserve, wild fluffy sable, Siberian taimen, wide cedar and other rare species of the territory of the European part of Russia are protected.
- This land is interesting in historical and ethnographic terms. It is the last region in Europe where representatives of the ancient Mansi people live.
Natural landscapes
Reserves of the Perm Territory got their names from their location. The beautiful Vishera stretches like a blue ribbon; she is barely noticeable among the age-old spruces, cedars and firs. Slowly and importantly, murmuring merrily on the rifts, she carries her cold waters towards Kama.
In summer, on a clear day, from the height of the bald mountain peaks opens wonderful view for tens of kilometers around. The majestic beauty of the local nature is immediately felt. It is even difficult to imagine that there, far away, millions of cities and busy highways are noisy. Here, nothing and no one violates the primordial peace. The silent peaks of the mountain ranges rise. From a distance it seems that their stone placers consist of small pieces of rubble. But in fact, the huge boulders that make up them, surpassing two meters in diameter. The first unpretentious plants that master the harsh mountain peaks are kurumniks, they are covered with a multi-colored crust of lichens.
The endless mountain tundra stretches to the north. On a soft cover of mosses, bushy lichens and dwarf birch shoots, human footprints are much less common than hoof prints of the majestic owner of these latitudes - the wild reindeer.
Even sophisticated tourists are amazed by the ancient splendor of the nature of the Perm Territory. Here one of the oldest mountains on the planet - the Ural Mountains - rise, and the Kama River flows, the symbol of these places, the largest tributary of the Volga.
There are 325 protected natural objects on the territory of the Perm region. The most notable of them are the state nature reserves Basegi and Vishersky.
Vishersky reserve
The reserve is located on the western slopes Northern Urals on an area of \u200b\u200b241.2 thousand hectares and is the 4th largest in Europe. It is relatively young since it was created in 1991. What is the uniqueness of the Vishersky Reserve? Here is the highest ridge of the Western Urals and the famous Tulymsky stone with a height of almost 1500 meters.
This predetermined the mountain-taiga landscape of the area, which abounds with crystal mountain lakes, cascades of miniature waterfalls, many caves and grottoes. The bowels of the reserve are hidden not only by rock crystal and diamonds, but also by gold and silver. In addition, Saklaimsori-Chahl mountain rises in the north of the Vishersky reserve, the top of which is a unique watershed of three basins. largest rivers: Kama, Ob and Pechora.
And the reserve itself is crossed for 150 km by the Vishera River, which originates in the mountain peaks. Larch groves can be found on its slopes, although spruce and fir forests prevail here. In total, almost 500 plant species grow in these places, many of which are quite rare.
The fauna of this protected area is also extremely rich. It is inhabited by brown bears, moose, pine martens, sables, and European mink, which is also very rare in the Kama region. Sometimes you can even see the inhabitants of the tundra - Arctic foxes, reindeer and ptarmigan. On the banks of the rivers, you can easily find a beaver, muskrat or otter feeding on grayling, which is found in abundance in the local waters. Bird watchers will not be bored either. Motley cranes, black storks, and motley thrushes feel great in Privisherye. There are even golden eagles and white-tailed eagles listed in the Red Book.
Such a variety has become possible because the reserve is located in hard-to-reach places that have been preserved almost in their original form.
The richest and indescribably beautiful landscape constantly attracts the flow of tourists. Therefore, in the most picturesque places of the Vishersky Reserve, parking lots and taiga bases are equipped, intended for rest and overnight stay for travelers.
Tourists are offered a variety of ecological routes, the most popular of which are the tour "Along the Vishera ridges", which includes climbing the Tulym stone and rafting down the Vishera river, and hiking trip to the Chuvalsky ridge. Tourists can also choose to walk to the waterfalls of the Taborna River.
Basegi reserve
In the highest part of the western spurs of the Middle Urals, there is the Basegi nature reserve, which is named after the Basegi mountain range.
The name itself, which translates as "beautiful, wonderful", indicates that these untouched places can capture the imagination of even a seasoned traveler. Quaint mountainous terrain, consisting of mountain ranges, hills, sharp ridged peaks, separated by hollows. Huge stones and boulders rise on the steep slopes, some of which reach 3.5 meters in diameter.
11 rapid mountain rivers flow through the reserve, the largest of which are Usva and Vilva.
The forests here are typical for the Middle Urals - fir-spruce with an admixture of birch.
Here you can find such a landscape phenomenon as crooked forest. It is bent, pressed to the ground from constant winds, undersized trees. Spruces and birches, cedars and mountain ash freakishly spread between the boulders overgrown with moss. A truly unforgettable sight!
The reserve boasts 700 plant species, 50 of which have been classified as rare.
The taiga zone has determined the composition of the fauna of these places. Forest lemmings, foxes, ermines are found here. There is a lynx. Roe deer, elk and bear can often be seen. There is a significant number of pine marten - a typical predator of dark coniferous forests.
The rivers are full of grayling, minnow, burbot. There is even a rare bottom fish - sculpin, which is listed in the Red Book.
The Basegi reserve was founded in 1982 and for many years has been offering tourists two hiking trails "Towards the northern Basega" - winter and summer.
Travelers pass them in small groups of 10-15 people.
The route is laid in such a way that tourists can visit mountain meadows - one of the most picturesque places in this area.
Luv-Ner (Tulym stone) is the highest point of the reserve and the entire Perm region, the height of which is 1469.6 m. There are many different karst forms: craters, caves and blind valleys with a closed lower end. The extreme northern border of the reserve - the top of Mount Saklaimsori-Chakhl (1128.1 m) - is the only watershed in the Urals of the basins of three great rivers: Kama, Pechora and Ob. On the tops of many mountain ranges, there are amazing natural sculptures - the remnants of rocks. The most famous are Ern-Pupy, Munin-Tump, Devil's finger. There are also waterfalls up to 9 m high, often forming cascades with intermediate ledges.
The nature of these lands is not used to pampering people. In some areas of the Vishersky Reserve, the snow cover lays almost 200 days a year, and in summer the temperature never rises above +30 ° C.
Vetlan stone is amazingly beautiful rocky outcrops in the form of cliffs on the Vishera River. The stone is an almost steep wall that stretches along Vishera for 1750 mgeneral information
- Full name: state nature reserve Vishersky.
- IUCN category: Ia (strict nature reserve).
- Date of foundation: February 26, 1991.
- Region: Perm Region, Krasnovishersky District.
- Area: 241,200 hectares.
- Relief: mid-mountain.
- Climate: moderately continental.
- Official website: http://www.vishersky.ru/.
- E-mail: [email protected]
History of creation
Many scientists unanimously agree that a truly unique place has been chosen for the organization of the Vishersky Reserve. Here the famous route to Siberia ran from Cherdyn through the upper reaches of the Vishera to Lozva.
In 1970, through the efforts of the head of the regional hunting inspectorate, Viktor Stepanovich Mychelkin, a hunting reserve "Vishersky" was organized, which became a springboard for the future reserve. In 1982, in the Perm region, the Basegi reserve and its Vishera branch were formed, which surpasses the rest of the reserve in terms of area.
The landscapes of the reserve are distinguished by strict poetry and restrained beauty.Vegetable world
The flora of the Vishera Reserve includes 1147 plant species. Of these, 334 are lichens, 270 are bryophytes, the rest are higher vascular plants. Mountain tundra is located at an altitude of 800-1000 m. There are abundant thickets of dwarf birch (Betula papa), rich cloudberry (Rubus chamaemorus), shiksha (Empetrum nigrum), blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus), blueberry (Vaccinium uliginosum). In the driest places, dwarf forests of Siberian juniper (Juniperus sibirica) grow. On the rocks, there are relict plants and Ural endemics: Ural lagotis (Lagotis uralensis), Uralian lagotis (Gypsophila uralensis), Ruprecht goat (Scorzonera ruprechtiana), pink radiola (Rhodiola rosea).
The most interesting berry is the common blueberry (Vaccinium uliginosum). It is called marsh blueberry, marsh blueberry or undersized blueberry. In common parlance, this berry has even more unusual names: waterhouse, cabbage roll, gonobob, fool and drunk berry.
Animal world
On the territory of the Vishersky Reserve, 36 species of mammals live, 155 - birds, 2 - amphibians and 17 - fish. There are brown bear (Ursus arctos), sable (Martes zibellina), ermine (Mustela erminea), wolf (Canis lupus), fox (Vulpex vulpex), elk (Alces alces). The sable population is considered the largest in the Perm Territory.
TO rare species The birds in the reserve include the osprey (Pandion haliaetus), the peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus), the golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) and the black stork (Ciconia nigra).
Common fish include the Siberian grayling (Thymallus arcticus), the common minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus), the burbot (Lota lota), the common sculpin (Cottus gobio), the common char (Barbatula barbatula), etc.
The mnemosyne butterfly, or black apollo (Parnassius mnemosyne), which is found in the Vishera Reserve, is listed in the Red Book of Russia. It owes its name to the ancient Greek goddess of memory, mother of nine muses - Mnemosyne.
Vishersky Reserve is rich in deposits of precious and semi-precious stones, including rock crystalThe Vishera river basin is a natural deposit of diamonds, quartzites and rock crystal. The word "diamond" is of Greek origin and means "indestructible". It is a mineral, an allotropic form of carbon, with the highest strength. The very first diamond in Russia was found on July 4, 1829 by Pavel Popov in the Perm province of the Urals. In 1814, Humphrey Davy and Michael Faraday conclusively proved that diamond is a chemical relative of coal and graphite. A cut diamond (brilliant) has been considered one of the most expensive precious stones for many centuries. In addition, there are also natural deposits of rock crystal - pure natural silicon dioxide. Crystals ranging in size from 3 to 5 cm are especially appreciated. Ancient China And in Japan, perfectly regular balls were made from rock crystal, and the mineral itself was considered the frozen breath of a dragon. In Zoroastrianism, the sky was believed to be made of crystal.
Information for visitors
Reserve mode
A visit to the reserve is possible only after obtaining a special permission from the administration. Hunting, fishing, collecting herbariums, insects, minerals and any other collections are prohibited here. All finds must be submitted to the management of the reserve.
How to get there
Vishersky Reserve can be reached from the regional center Krasnovishersk. And in the regional center, in turn, they get in two ways: by train to Solikamsk and then by bus (100 km); by train to Perm and then by bus (300 km). The distance from Krasnovishersk to the protected zone of the reserve (150 km) can be covered on a rotational vehicle.
Where to stay
There are two hotels in Krasnovishersk. By prior arrangement with the administration, you can stay in the private sector.