Geography presentation on "natural zones of eurasia". Presentation on the topic "high-altitude zonality" The effect of barrier in the differentiation of landscapes

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Examination homework I. Put in the appropriate columns + 1. Moisture deficiency (less than 150 mm / g) 2. Wormwood-cereal vegetation prevails. 3. The ratio of heat and moisture is close to optimal. 4. The coefficient of humidification in the zone varies from 0.6 - 0.8 at the northern border to 0.3 in the south. 5. The zone occupies the south of the European part and Western Siberia. 6. Sparse vegetation is sensitive to the proximity of groundwater. 7. Some animals hibernate in summer. 8.One of the forms of ecological imbalance is overgrazing. 9. Modern look - agricultural landscape with artificial forest plantations. Natural zone Question number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Forest-steppe Steppe Semi-desert Desert

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II. Find a match (Write in a notebook) Soils Natural zone Problems Chernozem Forest-steppe Moisture deficit (250 mm / g) Gray soil Deserts Water and wind erosion Chestnut Semi-deserts Droughts, dry winds, dust storms Gray Steppe Salinization

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III. Check the first task 1. Moisture deficiency (less than 150 mm / g) 2. Wormwood-cereal vegetation prevails. 3. The ratio of heat and moisture is close to optimal. 4. The coefficient of humidification in the zone varies from 0.6 - 0.8 at the northern border to 0.3 in the south. 5. The zone occupies the south of the European part and Western Siberia. 6. Sparse vegetation is sensitive to the proximity of groundwater. 7. Some animals hibernate in summer. 8.One of the forms of ecological imbalance is overgrazing. 9. Modern look - agricultural landscape with artificial forest plantations. Natural zone Question number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Forest-steppe + + Steppe + + + Semi-desert + + Desert + +

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Question number 1 Check the second task Find a match (Note in a notebook) Soils Natural zone Problems Gray forest-steppe Water and wind erosion Chernozem Steppe Droughts, dry winds, dust storms Chestnut Semi-deserts Moisture deficiency (250 mm / g) Gray soil Desert Salinization

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Purpose: To deepen knowledge of the altitudinal zonation - the main pattern of change natural conditions in the mountains; Objectives: To form an idea of ​​the altitudinal zonation in the mountains of Russia; Identify cause-and-effect relationships in altitudinal zonality. Get acquainted with the manifestation of altitudinal zonation in various mountains; Consider the impact of mountains on human life, health and economic activity.

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Altitudinal zonation is a natural change in natural conditions, natural zones, landscapes in the mountains Altitudinal zonation of the Caucasus Altitudinal zonation of the Urals

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Compare the Southeast and Northwest parts of the northern slope of the Caucasus. Draw diagrams in a notebook

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Practical work: Compare and explain the differences in altitude zones of the two parts of the Urals. Option I "Polar and Northern Ural"Option II" Circumpolar and Southern Urals»

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Flora and fauna Animal world Eurasia is very diverse. The distribution of modern wild fauna over the territory depends on the characteristics of natural conditions and on the results of human activity. The most common large mammal in the tundra is the reindeer. Arctic fox, lemming and white hare are also found in the tundra. Of the birds, the most common are white and tundra partridges. On summer period seagulls, loons, eiders, geese, ducks, swans fly to the tundra. The fauna of the forest zone is best preserved in the taiga. Wolves live here brown bears, moose, lynx, fox, squirrel, wolverine, marten. From birds - black grouse, wood grouse, hazel grouse, crossbill. Steppe animals - steppe ferret, ground squirrels, various mice. Of the large animals, the saiga has survived. There are various birds - larks, swallows, falcons. In semi-deserts and deserts, reptiles, rodents, and ungulates predominate. Central Asia is home to bactrian camels, wild donkeys - kulans. In the mountain forests of South China, the bamboo panda bear, the black Himalayan bear, and the leopard are preserved. Wild elephants still live in Hindustan and the island of Sri Lanka. India and Indochina are characterized by an abundance of monkeys, a large number of various reptiles, especially poisonous snakes... Many animals living in Eurasia are listed in the Red Book: bison, Ussurian tiger, kulan, etc.

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Characteristics of the natural zones of Eurasia
zones
Klm. belts
Flora (4 species)
Fauna (4 species)
soil
Arctic
wasteland
Arctic
Mosses,
lichens,
polar poppy.
Polar bear,
lemming, scribe,
reindeer.
Perennial
permafrost
Tundra
Forest tundra
Taiga
Mixed broads
natural forests
Steppe
Deserts

Arctic deserts

The polar night lasts up to 150 days. Summer is short and
cold. Frost-free period with temperatures
above 0 ° C lasts only 10-20 days, very rarely up to 50
days. Placers of coarse-grained
material. The soils are shallow, underdeveloped,
stony.

Arctic deserts

She is devoid of trees and
shrubs. It's wide here
scaled
lichens on mountain
rocks, mosses, various
algae on stony
soils, only some
flowering.
Animal world of the zone
arctic is represented
polar bears
polar foxes
owls, deer. On
rocky shores in summer
seabirds nest,
forming "bird colonies".

Tundra

The surface of the tundra in the western regions is
a boundless plain with numerous rivers,
lakes and swamps.

Tundra

Tundra animals
adapted to
harsh conditions
existence. Many of
they leave the tundra for
winter; some
(like lemmings)
awake under the snow,
others hibernate
Polar owl
Reindeer
musk ox
arctic fox
leming
cowberry

Forest tundra

The average July temperature here is + 10-14 ° С. Annual
the amount of precipitation is 300-400 mm. Precipitation falls
much more than can evaporate, therefore the forest-tundra
- one of the most waterlogged natural areas.

Forest tundra

reindeer
ptarmigan
blueberry
Lynx
cloudberry
In the fauna of the forest-tundra
dominate
lemmings also
different types in different
longitudinal zones,
reindeer, arctic foxes,
partridge white
snowy owl and
big variety
migratory,
waterfowl and
small, settling in
shrubs, birds
The tundra is rich
berry
shrubs -
lingonberries, cranberries,
cloudberries, blueberries.

Taiga (coniferous forests)

The taiga climate is characterized by relatively warm and rather humid
in summer and cool, and in places cold in winter. Average annual
precipitation from 300 to 600 mm (in Eastern Siberia declines even
up to 150-200 mm). The air temperature in summer often exceeds +30 ° С;
in winter, frosts reach 30 ... 50 ° С.

Taiga (coniferous forests)

By species
the composition
distinguish
light coniferous
(Pine
ordinary,
some
American
types of pine,
larch
Siberian and
Daurian) and more
characteristic and
widespread
yu dark coniferous
taiga (spruce, fir,
cedar pine).
spruce
larch
fir
Pine
cedar

Taiga (coniferous forests)

Fauna of the taiga
richer and
more varied than
animal world
tundra.
Numerous and
wide
common: lynx,
wolverine,
chipmunk, sable,
squirrel, etc. From
ungulates
meet northern
and the noble deer,
elk, roe deer;
numerous
rodents: hares,
shrews, mice. From
birds are common: wood grouse,
hazel grouse, nutcracker,
crossbills, etc.

Broadleaf forests

WIDE-LEAVED FORESTS - deciduous tree-shrub communities with wide leaves of trees in different
combination - oak, beech, maple, linden, elm (elm), chestnut, ash and others .;

Broadleaf forests

maple
Linden
oak
Birch
chestnut
ash

Broadleaf forests

Forest-steppe

Forest steppe is a natural zone of the Northern
hemispheres characterized by a combination
forest and steppe sites.

Forest-steppe

Steppe

Steppe - a plain overgrown with grassy vegetation, in
moderate and subtropical zones northern and southern hemisphere.
Characteristic feature steppes is almost complete
no trees

Steppe

Feather steppe
gazelle
meerkat
camel
bustard

Semi-deserts and deserts

Semi-desert temperate zone in Eurasia
a wide strip (up to 500 km) from the western part
Caspian lowland, via Kazakhstan, Mongolia
to East China.

Semi-deserts and deserts

Scorpion
turtle
Fennec fox
monitor lizard
viper
camel
Eared hedgehog

Stiff-leaved forests
subtropical evergreen forests mainly from xerophilic,
hard-leaved breeds. The tree canopy is single-tier, with a dense
undergrowth of evergreen shrubs.

Stiff-leaved, evergreen forests and shrubs

butcher
Olive Tree
laurel
lemon
mandarin
ficus

Southern natural areas

Savannah and woodlands
Altitude zones
Alternating wet and monsoon forests

Presentation of the geography lesson "Altitude zonation" Grade 8.

Goals: to form an idea of ​​the regularities of changing natural conditions and NTC in the mountains.

1. Educational:

Organize the activities of students to study altitudinal zonation;

To create conditions for the acquaintance of students with the NTC of alpine and subalpine meadows, the formation of the image of the mountains;

It is planned that by the end of the lesson, students will be able to build spectrograms of altitude zones and determine by them geographical position and the name of the mountains.

1. Developing:

Promote the development of interest in the studied material, memory, thinking, cognitive activity;

Provide conditions for improving the ability to work with the map, applying the knowledge gained in practice.

1. Educational:

Contribute to the education of love and respect for the world around them.

View document content
"Presentation" Altitude zonality ""

Altitudinal zonality

Geography. 8th grade.

FGKOU SOSH No. 162

Teacher Zrazhva V.I.

Repetition of the covered material

Plant community with a predominance of conifers

Taiga

The plant community, consisting of forbs, is formed on chernozems with insufficient moisture

Steppe

Science studying PTC

Landscape science

Salt licks

Saline soils, in which readily soluble salts are contained in large quantities in the soil, are located at a depth of 20-50 cm.

Soil types with high levels of salt in the surface layer

Serozem

Smooth clayey place, devoid of vegetation in dry season, cracked into polygons

Takyrs

Sandy acacia, grows on sands, can sprout branches from the roots, and adventitious roots from the branches, and grow vice versa

Juzgun

Plants with a short growing season

Ephemera

Bustard

The largest flightless bird of the steppes

Frontal poll

• Where is the steppe zone located?

(in the south of the East European Plain, in the south of the Urals and in the south of Siberia)

• Why don't trees grow in the steppe?

(insufficient moisture)

• Why are steppe soils highly fertile?

(a significant amount of plant residues remains in them from humus formed)

• Where can you see trees in the steppe?

(in river valleys)

• What are the soils in the semi-desert?

(brown)

• Why is it impossible to determine the age of saxaul from the rings?

(in saxaul, several rings are formed during the year - from 7 to 18, according to the number of precipitations)

• What dangerous phenomena can be in the steppes?

(droughts, dry winds, dust storms)

• Why is the taiga changing to mixed and deciduous forests?

(air temperature rises, humidification decreases )

Lesson objectives

1. Educational:

• organize the activities of students to study the patterns of changing natural zones in the mountains;
• to create conditions for acquaintance of students with the PTC of alpine and subalpine meadows;
• it is assumed that at the end of the lesson, students will be able to read spectrograms of altitude zones.

• Developing:

• promote the development of interest in the studied material, memory,

thinking, cognitive activity;

• provide conditions for improving the ability to work with the map, applying the knowledge gained in practice;

• Educational:

- to contribute to the education of love and respect for nature.

The concept of altitudinal zonality

• Altitudinal zonality - natural change of soils, flora and fauna with the concept of mountains

Change of components of nature with climbing mountains

Height change

Changing of the climate

Changing soils, flora and fauna

Group 1. Practical work

• Using outline map and templates place the spectra of altitudinal zonality in accordance with mountain systems.

Regularities of the location of natural zones in the mountains

Write them down in a notebook.

• 1. The higher the mountains, the greater the set of natural zones (multi-storey).
• 2. The closer to the equator, the more diverse the natural complexes in the mountains.
• 3. The change of natural zones in the mountains is similar to the change of natural zones in the plain, from south to north.
• 4. The change of natural zones on the northern and southern slopes is different. Snow on the northern slopes starts at a lower altitude.
• 5. The first natural zone at the foot is the one with the mountains.