Economic activities in subtropics. Natural zones of Russia. Subtropical zone of Russia

All natural zones have long been mastered by a person. It actively leads economic activities, thereby changing the characteristics of natural zones. How does the human activity in natural zones differ?

Polar deserts

These are the most unsuitable for the farm of the region of Russia. The soil here is represented by the eternal Merzlot and is covered with ice. Therefore, there is no animal husbandry, no crop production. There is only fishing here.

In coastal areas, the songs are inhabited, whose fur is very appreciated in the world. There are active hunting on the sands, which can lead to the extinction of this species.

Fig. 1. The most unsuitable natural zone - Arctic desert

Tundra and Fierotundra

Natural conditions are not much better than in polar deserts. Only indigenous people live in Tundra. They are engaged in hunting, fishing, reindeer herding. What changes are the person here?

The soil of these areas is rich in gas and oil. Therefore, their prey is actively underway here. This leads to significant environmental pollution.

Forest zone

This includes taiga, mixed and wide forests. The climate is moderate here, characterized by cold winter and relatively warm summer. Thanks to a large number of forests, a vegetable and animal world is common here. Favorable conditions allow you to flourish various types Human economic activity. In these regions, a large number of factories and plants were built. Engaged in animal husbandry, agriculture, fishing, woodworking industry. This is one of the natural zones modified by man to the greatest extent.

Fig. 2. In the world there is an active deforestation of forests

Forest and steppes

These natural and economic zones are distinguished by a warm climate and insufficient precipitation. The soil here is the most fertile, and the animal world is very diverse. In these areas, agriculture and animal husbandry are trying most. It grows various varieties of vegetables and fruits, cereals. Coal and iron ore. This leads to distortion of the relief and the destruction of certain types of animals and plants.

Semi-desert and desert

There are no most favorable conditions for human economic activities. The climate is hot and dry. The soil is deserted, not fertile. The main type of economic activity in the deserts is animal husbandry. The population here creates sheep, rams, horses. The need to graze animals leads to the final disappearance of vegetation.

Fig. 3. Livestock in the desert

Subtropics and tropics

This region is most strongly changed due to human activity. This is due to the fact that it was here that civilizations were born and the use of these localities occurs for a very long time.

Subtropical I. rainforests Practically cut down, and the territories are occupied by agricultural landings. Huge plots occupy fruit trees.

What did we know?

A person is engaged in economic activities in almost all natural zones of the world. This leads to their significant modification, which, ultimately, can lead to the disappearance of certain types of animals and plants.

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Slide 2.

Black Sea coast

Narrow strip Black Sea coast, in the center of which is the city of Sochi, and the slopes of the mountains to the height 500-600m belong to the zone of subtropical forests, or subtropics. Fast streams flow from the mountains. Trees, shrubs and herbs grow rustling.

Slide 3.

Weather subtropics

Winter warm. It rains often. The snow falls rarely and quickly melts. Summer moderate roast. Spring and autumn are very warm. The coast is located between the sea and the mountains. The coast is protected from cold and sultry winds.

Slide 4.

Holidays on the Black Mother Coast

Surprisingly rich inanimate nature Chernomorsk coast of the Caucasus. Moderately hot summer and warm winter, at the same time marine and mountain air, medicinal dirt, healing mineral water.

Slide 5.

Vegetable world

Vegetable world This zone is rich and diverse. On the slopes of the mountains at an altitude of 500-600m, broad-sized forests were spread, where Oak, Grab, ash, Lipa, Clain, Chestnut are growing.

Slide 6.

Parks Caucasus

In parks Emergenian plants: Pitsundskaya pine, cypress, magnolia, thuja, palm, laurel.

Slide 8.

The arboretum collected plants from different countries from warm climat. This is an Australian eucalyptus, Lebanese cedar, Japanese quince, blooming cacti, bamboo, sequoia.

Slide 9.

From cultural plants in the parks you can meet grapes, figs, walnuts, apricot, peach, pear, apple tree, decorative flowering plants.

Slide 10.

Animal world

The most wonderful and large animals of reserved places - bison, roebles, boars, caucasian goats, deer, lynx, bears.

Subtropics is climatic zones Earths located north and south of the equator between the tropics and moderate latitudes. Subtropics are characterized by hot summer and warm winter (t above zero is Celsius), so the classes and the work of people in these areas are not very diverse.

Spain, Portugal, USA, Russia, Syria, Iraq, Argentina, South Africa, Australia and other countries have learned from benefit economic activities In these regions.

What do people do in subtropics

Main activities:

agriculture,
tourism,
fishing.

In Spain, Portugal people often do winemaking. This is a very profitable business that brings many income to the owner. They are also engaged in the USA, Russia, Argentina thanks to numerous sunny dayswho are needed to grow many cultures, including grapes.

Many people are engaged in chores in China (giant in this field), Russia, Argentina. By the way, in Russia there is the northernmost plantation for growing tea varieties in the world. Large income and growing drinking intakes using tea leaves lead to an increase in sown areas.

In the United States, many cultures are grown in the southern part of the country (subtropics), which allows food products a huge country and export them to other countries (the United States is one of the largest exporters of wheat in the world).

It is worth noting that tourism is well developed in countries of subtropics. Barcelona, \u200b\u200bLisbon, Los Angeles, Saint-Tropez, Sochi and many other cities each year attract tens of millions of tourists. In particular, beach tourism is developed in Turkey, Russia, Spain, Italy, Greece, where many different attractions, which makes rest in these countries with chants and wonderful.

And fishing as a branch that has limited resources is growing in large pace in the US, Russia, Turkey, the countries of Old World and Australia.

Also, for example, in Iraq, Syria, the United States developed the oil industry, which brings big money, but oil production is complicated by many economic and political factors.

Objectives lesson: familiarize yourself with climatic conditions zones of subtropics; familiarize yourself with the climatic conditions of the zone of subtropics; Learn about the features of the animal and vegetable world of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus; Learn about the features of the animal and vegetable world of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus; about the activities of people; about the activities of people; learns to work with herbarium, additional literature learns to work with herbarium, additional literature

Some get water from great depths with their long roots, the length of which reaches m.

In arid places there are also major representatives of the animal world. These are camels and antelopes. Antelope - good runners and in search of water runs down huge distances. And the camel spares in the tissues of its body fat, when the water is exempting.

Subtropics in our country occupy a small area. The main subtropical area is located on the coast. One side - Caucasian MountainsAnd on the other - the Black Sea. The main subtropical area is located on the coast. On the one hand, the Caucasian Mountains, and on the other - the Black Sea. Tropics The heat belt, located on both sides of the equator of the tropics, the heat belt, located on both sides of the equator, what denotes the word "subtropics"? What does the word "subtropics" mean?

The climate in the subtropics is significantly warmer than in moderate belt. Summer is very long and rather roast. Summer is very long and rather roast. Winter is short and not cold. During the winter, the temperature rests almost all the time above zero. Winter is short and not cold. During the winter, the temperature rests almost all the time above zero.

The floral world of this zone is rich and diverse. In the slopes of the mountains at the altitude of M, broad-sized forests were spread, where Oak, Grab, ash, Lipa, Clain, Chestnut are growing.

The custody refers to valuable fish species. Reaches a length of 2 m and kg of weight. Currently, the fishing is prohibited. The mouth of sturgeon is on the lower surface of the head and deprived of the teeth. It feeds on worms and larvae living on the bottom. Most of the life of the sturgeon takes place in the sea. For throwing caviar goes into the Don River, Kuban.

One of the most wonderful and amazing observer of phenomena in the Black Sea is his glow. It happens usually in August. It is caused by the smallest organisms, the main role among which is played by flagellast nights. They look like a small fishing fish. You can admire for hours, sitting at night by the sea, as a bright sparks flashes the wave on the shore. Most of the inhabitants of the Black Sea can be seen in the aquariums in Arndaria and on New Matsest

Man by the sea Growing valuable cultures: tea, lemon, mandarin, grapes, pomegranate, etc. Black Sea coast of the Caucasus as a spa zone. Fishing, crab fishing, shrimp. Multidium breeding (in special pools with clear water) use of wild plants of subtropics by man (wood, medicinal raw materials, building material)

Test "Chernomorsk Coast of the Caucasus." 1. The Black Sea Coast of the Caucasus is located .... a) in the forest zone of the country b) in the subtropical zone of the country c) in the steppe zone of the country 2. Subtropics of Russia - this is a) an extensive zone in the center of the country b) an extensive zone in the east of the country c) a small zone on the Black Sea coast 3. On the slopes Mountains in subtropics are often found in the following trees: a) beech, chestnut b) larch, lingonberry c) Olha, Lipa

4. On the Black Sea coast dwell: a) Tsicada, mantis, locust b) Falkets, Chernotelki Chernotelki c) Beetle, Watercraise 5. In the Black Sea, live: a) crocodiles, anaconda, seals b) jellyfish, dolphins, flounders in ) Sharks, sea seals, turtles 6. In the subtropical zone: a) moderately hot summer and warm winter b) hot summer and moderately cold winter c) moderately warm summer and cold winter.

Which largely depends on local characteristics of the territory. Subtropics are characteristic of the south of Australia, the North and the extreme south of Africa, the coast of the Balkans, but they are in Russia.

Subtropical zone

Climate on land of unequal. In some places, unbearably hot, other covered eternal ice And permeate cold, thirdly a lot of heat and moisture. Based on features weather conditionsOn our planet, there are several climatic belts.

The subtropical belt is present both in the northern and in the southern hemisphere. It extends from 30 degrees of northern latitude of up to 40 degrees South, is a transitional between a tropical and temperate belt. We study the features of the subtropical zone in the 4th grade.

The conditions of the belt are determined by two dominant air masses that reduce each other. In winter, they come from a temperate zone, bringing with them cool and precipitation, in summer the wind goes from the tropics, saturating the air with warmth.

The winter of this belt is usually soft, with an average temperature of +4 .. + 5 degrees. Serious cooling happens extremely rare, and frosts usually do not exceed 10 degrees. Summer subtropical zone roast, sunny and dry. average temperature It is +20 degrees.

A variety of subtropics

Despite the presence general damn, Zones B. different regions is different. In addition to seasonal winds, local landscapes affect it, as well as the presence or absence of the seas and oceans. So, inside the belt isolated wet, semi-discharge and arid areas. They differ in the amount of precipitation and are present on each of the continents.

In the depths of the continents, regions with a dry climate extended throughout the year. The deserts, semi-desert and steppes with gentlemen, shrubs and cereals are located within their limits.

In the east and south-east of the mainland humidity raised in summer period, Women without precipitation, and the seasonal temperature difference is practically absent. Subtropical Natural Zones of the Eastern Parts are presented mixed forests with bamboo, magnolias, pines, oaks, fir, palm trees; Wide semi-repulsional forests - hemichelov, with ferns, bamboo and lianami.

From the western side, there are regions of semi-lane subtropics with the Mediterranean climate. Here wet winters and dry summer. The zones of severe forests with evergreen oaks, pines, fir, juniper, olives and other plants prevail.

Subtropical zone of Russia

For Russia, subtropics are not characteristic. Most of its territory lies in a temperate belt, and in the north covers subarctic and there are also warmer areas, where even in winter there are often positive temperatures.

The subtropical zone of Russia occupies a completely small space and stretches along the Black Sea coast. Such conditions from Sochi to Anapa were formed due to the mountains and sea.

The Caucasian ridge is a natural shield, a kind of barrier that does not miss the cold harsh wind from the East and the North, and in the summer it delays marine aerial masses, not letting them go further to the continent.

The Caucasus Mountains form the boundary between the temperate zone from the north of them and the subtropical zone from the southern slopes. Moving from east to west, this difference is becoming more and more due to the increase in the height of the mountains.

Climate and vegetation of subtropics of Russia

The natural conditions of the Black Sea coast of Russia are changing from dry steppe areas to highly moisturized territories. From Taman to dry, steppe. There are floats and limans here, so vegetation is predominantly water.

Subtropics start from Anapa. It is about Tuapse a Mediterranean climate. In winter, a large amount of precipitation falls. Average annual temperatures Are in the range from +12 to +14 degrees. In this part of the coast, the oils are growing, juniped paltassy, \u200b\u200bCrimean pines, wild pistachios. The climate is similar to the coast of the Balkans or the South Coast of the Crimea. In the mountains, the vegetation changes also with raising to height. Where mountains are not very high, cold flows from the continent still find loopholes. They are found with the warm sea coast, forming local winds, bors. When boron blows, tornadoes and hurricanes often happen.

From Tuapse begins the zone of wet subtropics, similar to the climate of the coast of Georgia, Abkhazia, Kolkhid. In this area of \u200b\u200bthe mountain above, therefore the barrier from the winds is more reliable. In Western slopes, up to 3000 mm precipitation falls over the entire year. This is the most wet place of the European part of the world.

On the coast of precipitation is also a lot - up to 2000 mm / year. Multi-tiered evergreen forests grow in the region. In the lower limits, the beech, oak, ram, hung up with Liana and with a green undergrowth. Fruits, chestnuts, lords, strawberry trees, silk acacia grow in the foothill areas. Citrus, figs, grenades are grown in the gardens. In mountainous areas, vegetation corresponds to a height belt.