Top most interesting rivers in Russia (7 photos). Rivers and lakes of Russia What large rivers of our country do you know

Russia is a country with rich water resources. These are rivers and rivulets, ponds, lakes, swamps, streams, which are drawn on the map of Russia. They occupy one seventh of the land in the state. IN total there are about 2.5 million rivers in our country. Most of them are known only in a limited circle of people. These are either locals or tourists who prefer to rest on the banks of specific streams. There are also great rivers of Russia, known beyond its borders. They are even visible from space and clearly depicted on the map. For centuries they have been serving as sources of fresh water, fish, and transport routes.

It is difficult to say which are the widest and deepest rivers in Russia. Human intervention did its job: some channels were blocked by dams, others were straightened. In some waterways, the tributary is longer than the main stream. If we take the length - of the longest, the longest rivers are in the Asian part of the Russian Federation. There, the waterways are really wide-ranging. Of the largest rivers in Russia, the list includes streams that carry water to the Arctic Ocean. The rivers of Russia have been repeatedly glorified by poets and mentioned in the works of Russian and foreign writers.

Ob

The widest river in Russia. The width of the Ob reaches 60 km, during floods in some places the channel spills up to 80 km. It is in third place in length among the country's waterways. The length of the channel is 3650 km, if we take into account the tributary Irtysh - the figure will be 5410 km. It is conventionally divided into three sections (according to the mode and climatic features). The time of opening, floods, dry water and freeze-up depends on the site. With its tributaries, the Ob is the leader in Russia in length. The water basin occupies about 3 million square meters. km.

The Novosibirsk hydroelectric power station and the dam of the same name were built on the Ob. The dam was built in the 50s of the USSR era. Human intervention was not in vain - villages and some areas of Berdsk remained under the water. Today the reservoir is called the Ob Sea. In summer, it serves as a beach area for residents of Novosibirsk and surrounding settlements. Local authorities practice the construction of the coastal zone with sanatoriums and rest homes.

Commercial fish are found in the Ob. Pike perch, ide, roach, crucian carp are caught and distributed throughout Russia.

Yenisei

The second largest river in Siberia. Coverage of the water area - 2.5 million sq. km. The source begins near Kyzyl, it is considered the center of Asia. Taking into account the sources of the Big and Small Yenisei, the length of the channel is 4280 km. On the map of Russia, the channel is marked practically along the meridian from the southern border to the Arctic Ocean. The Yenisei is a natural border between Western and Eastern Siberia.

Mainskaya, Krasnoyarsk and Sayano-Shushenskaya HPPs operate on the Yenisei. The waterway provides communication between cities located on both banks. The stream ends in the Yenisei Gulf of the Kara Sea.

The Yenisei is recognized as the most beautiful river in the vast expanses of Siberia. The water stream is known for its spring ice drift. The spectacle is stunning, but the phenomenon is unfavorable for navigation and the water regime in general. The channel overflows the banks, settlements and agricultural lands are under water. Ice cover forms in October, downstream - in September.

Lena

The longest river in Russia, begins its journey in the Baikal ridge region and gives water to the Laptev Sea. The source is a high-mountain lake with a corresponding sign on the shore. Lena flows in permafrost conditions, for most of the way it is surrounded by swamps and impenetrable taiga. The length of the channel is 4,400 km, the water area is 2,490,000 sq. km.

The channel is fed by snow and seasonal rains. Due to the harsh continental climate, Lena is frozen for 7-9 months. Cover formation begins in September-October. The river opens up in May. The navigation period is short, but there is active shipping during the summer months. These are cruise, passenger and cargo ships. There are extreme people on rafts and kayaks.

Lena has preserved the natural purity of the water. Nature took care so that man could not defeat her. It is the longest river in Russia without a single hydroelectric power station or dam. She was also included in the list of the ten largest rivers on the planet.

Lena attracts tourists with an unusual attraction - Lena Pillars. Rocks up to 100 meters in height hang over the water.

Amur

Translated from the Manchu dialect, the name means “ big river”, There is an excuse for that. If he asks what large rivers are in the Far East of Russia, the answer is one - the Amur. Its waters wash over the territories of Russia, China, Mongolia. On a long stretch, the Amur forms a border Russian Federation with the PRC.

The river is rich in fish resources. Its waters are home to about 139 species of ichthyofauna representatives. The fourth part is caught on an industrial scale. The waterway beckons fishermen all year round - if you are lucky, you can get hold of sturgeon, chum salmon, grass carp.

The length of the channel is about 2800 km, it is included in the list of 10 largest streams of the planet. The water area occupies 1.8 million square meters. km. The path of the water flow passes through four climatic zones The Far East Russia. Amur is a river prone to sharp changes in water level. Floods occur in spring and during monsoon rains. IN summer period the channel spills up to 25 km. Floods were repeatedly recorded when the Amur overflowed the banks, washing away settlements and agricultural land.

Volga

River in the European part of Russia. The source is located on the Valdai Upland, washing the lands of 11 regions. The Volga is considered a cultural heritage of the Russian people. She was repeatedly mentioned in their work by writers, poets, singers. In past centuries, its shores were inhabited by Old Believers, as well as peoples that in the future became part of the Russian Federation as autonomous republics.

The Volga River in the 18th-19th centuries was an important trade route for Russia - it carried goods from the central part of the country to the west and vice versa. At that time, metallurgy and fishing were gaining momentum in the Volga region, factories and plants were opened. With the advent of Soviet power, industrialization began to work. The active construction of dams and the construction of hydroelectric power stations began on the Volga.

The basin of the waterway occupies 1.3 million square meters. km. The length of the channel is 3500 km. The Volga ranks first among the rivers in Europe in length. Today there are 9 hydroelectric power plants on the river. Its waters are used for the needs of the population and enterprises, irrigation of agricultural land. The once beautiful and full-flowing river has turned into a cascade of reservoirs; moreover, the water has a high level of industrial waste pollution.

Kolyma

A river on the edge of Russia, flows through the territory of Yakutia and the Magadan region. Many people associate the name Kolyma with the whole region, because in the Magadan region under the USSR there was a high concentration of correctional camps. The first settlements in the river valley were recorded in the Middle Ages. The land was inhabited by Chukchi, Evenki, Tungus. They were engaged in fishing and hunting, bred sled dogs. The Russians discovered Kolyma in the middle of the 17th century.

The length of the Kolyma river bed is 2129 km. The basin is especially valuable for its large gold deposits. Ust-Srednekanskaya and Kolymskaya HPPs are also operating - the main sources of electricity for the population and social facilities of the Magadan Region. The mouth of the Kolyma is the East Siberian Sea.

Don

The water artery is the oldest stream in Russia. Washes the Voronezh, Lipetsk, Volgograd and Rostov regions. The source is located on the Central Russian Upland, the mouth is the Sea of \u200b\u200bAzov. The length of the channel is 1,870 km, the water basin is 422,000 sq. km. The stream width rarely exceeds 20 meters, the average depth is 10 meters. There are lively areas with rapids and rifts.

The Don's path passes through the forest-steppe and steppe zones, the water regime differs from the northern streams. The riverbed is fed by melted snow and rains. High water is observed in spring, during active snowmelt. In summer, autumn and winter, a low water period sets in. A stable ice cover is established by December. The autopsy takes place in March.

The river has a flat character with a calm flow, therefore in the old days the stream was called "quiet Don". Voronezh and Rostov-on-Don are on the banks, regional centers and cities with a population of one million. Outside Rostov, the Don delta begins to form, where it splits into branches.

Khatanga

The river is in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the channel stretches for 1636 km. The river basin includes many lakes and gravel islands. The valley is practically not inhabited. Small villages are mainly river ports, where ships call in in summer for loading and unloading. The navigation period is short. Already in October, the channel was hidden under the ice. The autopsy comes in early June.

On the river is the village of the same name Khatanga with a population of 3,500 people. It is recognized as the northernmost settlement in Russia. Several centuries ago, local tribes of hunters, reindeer herders and fishermen lived in the river valley.

The climate in the Khatanga valley is subarctic with cold winters (up to -50 degrees). In summer, during the daytime, the air can warm up to +40 degrees, but if you dig a few centimeters in the ground, it is permafrost. Snow lies on average for 250 days. Few tourists are attracted by the generous catch of fish, the low northern sky, which cannot be seen in other parts of Russia, and the endless expanses of the tundra.

Indigirka

A waterway in the north of Russia, in Yakutia, to which civilization practically did not reach. It begins its journey in the region of the Khalkan ridge. The channel length is 1,726 km, the coverage of the water area is 360,000 km. The mouth is the East Siberian Sea. Most citizens know her only from geography textbooks or fiction books.

Indigirka is recognized as the coldest river in Russia. In winter, the channel freezes through. Even in summer, ice forms on the surface of the water. The river follows a gorge, surrounded by rocky mountains, and when viewed from above, the stream resembles a sparkling ice stream. They say the truth - the most beautiful rivers in Russia are in the north.

Tourists come to Indigirka for the thrill of kayaking. Closer to the mouth there is a terrible place, which the locals call the Indigirskaya pipe. Here the channel narrows to 200 meters, high cliffs surround it on both sides. The riverbed is winding, the current beats the boat to one or the other bank. There are rapids and rifts, sheer rock falls. The site is recognized as the most gloomy and dangerous, even the indigenous people do not always dare to go swimming.

The river is navigable, the only transport artery in the region. The water is frozen in ice for most of the year. Due to the remoteness from civilization, valuable fish species have been preserved in Indigirka. Indigirka attracts locals and tourists with the prospect of getting hold of omul, sturgeon, chum salmon, pink salmon, vendace.

Like other rivers of the European part of the Russian Federation, the Dvina originates in the north of the country. The source is the Vologda region, near the town of Veliky Ustyug. It is there that the residence of Santa Claus is located, but that's not all. The river in the epoch of the XV-XVIII centuries was the main and only way of communication between the states of Western Europe and the Russian Empire.

The water area occupies 375,000 square meters. km. The length of the channel is 744 km, it is navigable to the present day. Oversized sea \u200b\u200bships rise no higher than the port with interesting name Economy (near Arkhangelsk). The excursion motor ship N.V. Gogol, built over 100 years ago.

The food is dominated by snow. In October, the formation of an ice cover begins on the water, which breaks open in April, in years with a long spring - in early May.

Ural and Irtysh

The map of the rivers of Russia in all directions is lined with blue waterways. The list of major streams includes the Urals - the largest waterway in Siberia. In ancient times, the river was named Yaik. Under this name, the stream is still mentioned in literary works. Today, reservoirs and hydroelectric power plants have been built on the river to meet the needs of megacities.

The Irtysh is a tributary of the Yenisei, but its length of 4248 km exceeds the length of the main stream. The course begins in China.

The longest river in Russia on the map

The longest and deepest rivers are concentrated on the Asian side. Most of them give water to the basin of the Arctic Ocean. The sources of the longest rivers originate in Mongolia, Valdai, Tula and Vologda regions. On the banks there are large cities of Siberia, the North and the European part of the country.

The rivers of Russia are the country's cultural heritage. Historical events are associated with them, the oldest cities were built on them, civilizations of different peoples were born.

top 10 largest rivers in Russia, video

The rivers of Russia are beautiful and majestic. The deepest of them are Siberian, but in the European part there are also large waterways.

All Russian rivers can be divided into several groups depending on the depth, length, location. One of the characteristics is high flow.

Additional characteristics:

Name	Annual flow, km 3	River basin, million km 2
Yenisei	624,4	2,6
Lena	515,6	2,5
Amur	403,7	1,8
Ob	394,0	3,0
Volga	254,2	1,3
Aldan	159,6	0,7
Angara	142,9	1,0
Pechora	130,0	0,3
Kolyma	123,0	0,6
Northern Dvina	110,0	0,4

The number of rivers in the country exceeds 2.5 million, with most of them insignificant in size. Despite this, they provide almost the entire territory of Russia with fresh water.

Yenisei

The deepest rivers in Russia, especially their number, are a unique feature of the country:

In the vicinity of Krasnoyarsk there is a reserve " Yenisei Pillars", Where there are many bizarre outlier rocks. This place is popular with climbers and local tourists.

Lena

Lena is the longest Russian river, it crosses the country without going beyond its borders. Its source lies at an altitude of almost 1.5 thousand meters on the western slope of the Baikal ridge. In the late 1990s, a chapel with an explanatory plaque was built in this place. In the upper and middle reaches, the Lena is surrounded by mountains and only after Yakutsk comes out into the open. Together with the delta, its length is 4.4 thousand km.

When it flows into the Laptev Sea (the marginal sea of \u200b\u200bthe Arctic Ocean basin), the river divides into many channels, forming an extensive triangular delta. The Lena is the only major river in the world, whose basin is located in the permafrost zone.

Because of this, low-lying areas are often swampy, including the estuary. Despite its size, the river receives few tributaries, but they are mostly full of water. In the lower reaches, 2 right tributaries - Vitim and Olekma, turn a small mountain river into a powerful stream up to 12 m deep and up to 20 km wide with islands.

After passing Yakutsk, the Lena enters the floodplain lowland, the Aldan (occupies 6th place in the Top-10) and Vilyui flow into it, it overflows for almost 30 km, the channel deepens to 20 m. spills into the delta, not reaching 150 km to the sea coast. The delta covers an area of \u200b\u200b60 thousand km 2.

This is a unique territory that is actively used migratory birds for rest and breeding chicks. The specialists of the Ust-Lensky Reserve are engaged in their study and protection. Lena is predominantly a Yakut river that flows through the region with abnormally low winter temperatures, dropping to -62 ° C.

As a result of severe cold weather, their duration, weak snow cover, the ice thickness reaches 1.5 - 2 m. Spring melting begins unevenly - when in the mountains ice rushes downstream, in the middle and lower reaches there is still a stable cover. For this reason, congestion is generated every year, causing catastrophic flooding.

The largest jams can reach 50 - 100 km and raise the water level by 15 - 20 m. Explosions are used to combat, if this is not possible, river icebreakers are used. The deepest rivers in Russia, especially in Siberia, are navigable over a large extent. Lena is the main transport artery of Yakutia.

Therefore, the settlements along the river serve as ports where the "summer delivery" ships are unloaded. The northernmost is the urban-type settlement Sangar. The largest is the capital of Yakutia, Yakutsk. There are river and air ports here. Lensk is a city that provides the diamond mines of Yakutia with the necessary cargo. Olekminsk has a river port for passenger and cargo use, as well as an airport.

Ust-Kut is the southernmost of the cities located on the banks of the Lena. It is the only one where the railway, which belongs to the Western BAM, is suitable. In addition, there is an airport and a river port.

Environmental problems are associated with human activities - deforestation, gold mining, surface water pollution as a result of sewage discharges in villages, river routes, blasting operations in spring congestions. The natural park "Lena Pillars" is located 200 km up the Lena River. In summer you can get there by motor ship or boat, in winter - by river on any winter transport.

Amur

The Amur is a border river, its origins are in Mongolia and China, the lower reaches are on Russian territory, the rest is the border between China and Russia. The length of the Amur is measured from the confluence of the Argun and Shilka (2.8 thousand km). The Shilka has tributaries, one of them is the Onon, which begins in Mongolia; it is its source that is called the beginning of the Shilka.

If we count the length of the Amur together with Onon and Shilka, we will get almost 4.3 thousand km, together with Argun - more than 4.4 thousand km. In any case, all the rivers of this region, including the tributaries of the Zeya, Bureya, Ussuri and others, begin in the mountains and make their way through the ridges for a long distance.

The place where the Amur flows into the sea basin is called the Amur estuary. Until now, there are disputes about its belonging to the Sea of \u200b\u200bOkhotsk or the Sea of \u200b\u200bJapan, but they are both marginal seas of the Pacific Ocean. The estuary does not exceed 4.5 m in depth, it stretches for almost 185 km in length, and reaches 40 km in width. Amur is a restless river that floods vast areas every summer.

The rise in the water level, sometimes up to 7 - 9 m, is associated with intense monsoon rains. IN calm state its average depth is 10-15 m, in some pools 40-50 m, near the cliffs it can reach up to 80 m. This channel allows navigation along the entire length, from the estuary, almost to the confluence of the Argun and Shilka. The towns along the river are closely related to the history of Russia.

These are Khabarovsk, Blagoveshchensk, Amursk, Komsomolsk-on-Amur and Nikolaevsk-on-Amur. There is a unique structure in Khabarovsk - the Amur railway tunnel, built in front of Velikaya Patriotic War and still in force. It was laid under the river, the length is more than 7 km, the plan of its reconstruction has been approved.

Environmental problems are associated with natural disasters and human activities. During floods, cities and towns, highways and railways are flooded, the river changes its course and washes the banks. Dam and barrier walls are being built, but the situation is complicated by the border position of the Amur. It is not always possible to coordinate actions with the Chinese side.

The environmental legislation of this country is still under development, which creates a constant threat of pollution of the Amur waters.

Ob

The Ob river system occupies most of the West Siberian lowland. Its beginning is in the Altai mountains, where the sources of the Katun and Biya are located, which, merging, form a powerful stream. The rivers here are mountainous - fast flowing, rocky bottom with rifts, cold water, summer floods.

Having got out of the gorges, the Ob turns into a calm flat river with a slow current, expands the channel up to several kilometers, and receives many tributaries. The largest is the Irtysh, which is not inferior in size to the main stream. It began outside the country on the border of China and Mongolia. The rest are much smaller: Tom, Vasyugan, Bolshoi Yugan and others.

It is here, among the vast swamps, that the main volume of water flows into the Ob. The lower course of the river is in the area of \u200b\u200bpermafrost; in summer, only the surface layer of the soil thaws. Here the channel is divided into several channels with islands, when it flows into the Kara Sea, it forms an extensive delta. The estuary connects to the sea through the Gulf of Ob, which is an ancient flooded river valley.

The Ob is covered with ice for 6 - 7 months, during floods there are congestions that break ice drifts or sappers with explosives to prevent floods. The length of the river is slightly more than 3.6 thousand km, the depth is 1.1 - 3.0 m, at the mouth it increases to 10 - 15 m, therefore navigation is possible in all sections.

In the upper reaches, the Novosibirsk hydroelectric power station has been built, whose dam maintains the required water level in the reservoir and the channel.

In the Gulf of Ob, sea vessels operate, in winter accompanied by icebreakers. On the banks of the Ob there are cities founded during the development of Siberia by the Cossacks in the XVII - XIX centuries: Biysk, Barnaul, Surgut, Labytnangi, the most ancient Salekhard (XVI century), the largest - the millionaire Novosibirsk. Some cities of the twentieth century were built for industrial necessity (Nefteyugansk).

Environmental problems: water and air pollution by enterprises and during mining.

Volga

The deepest rivers in Russia are not only in Siberia. Among the European rivers, the first largest is the Volga. Its length is 3.5 thousand km. It starts with a small stream flowing out of a swamp on the Valdai Upland. A wooden chapel was built on this site in the middle of the 17th century, which survived many events - it was destroyed by wars and oblivion, it was restored and rebuilt more than once.

Finally, in 1998, a new chapel appeared, from which the Volga religious procession is performed annually. At the confluence with the Caspian Sea, the river forms a vast delta with many channels and islands that are constantly changing shape. In the lower course along the main channel, another one was formed - the Akhtuba River. The Volga-Caspian Canal is laid through the delta, which ensures the passage of ships to the Caspian Sea.

The Volga is the only large river in the world with a large number of tributaries (almost 200) and a permanent watercourse that has no connection with the ocean.

The most significant tributaries are: Kotorosl, Mologa, Oka, Sviyaga, Kama. The construction of 8 power plants in the twentieth century led to the blocking of the Volga and Kama channel by dams with the formation of reservoirs, so it is impossible to accurately determine the coastline, river depth, flood time. All parameters change depending on the needs of the waterworks, which regulate the passage of the water flow.

The average depth of the river is 5 m, the maximum is 23 m. Thanks to the dams, navigation is possible from the Rzhev in the upper reaches to the Caspian Sea.

The Volga is called the river of the four seas, with which, thanks to the channels, there is communication:

Volga-Don - the way to the Azov and Black seas;
Volgo-Baltic - communication with the Baltic;
The White Sea-Baltic leads to the White Sea.

Many cities appeared on the Volga banks in different time, 4 of them are millionaires: Volgograd, Samara, Kazan, Nizhny Novgorod. The main factor in the environmental disaster of the Volga system is man. Sources of pollution are outdated sewage treatment facilities of industrial enterprises and cities, intensive shipping, flushing from the banks.

In 2017, a program was created for the cleaning of the river, the adjacent space and the development of territories.

Aldan

In Russia, the tributaries of large rivers are among the deepest. One of them is Aldan. This is the right tributary of the Lena, making up a third of its flow. The source of the Far Eastern river is in the Stanovoy Range, more than 2.2 thousand km long, about 5 m deep, there are many small lakes in the valley. It is located in the permafrost zone, which in places goes 2 - 4 m deep. It has 275 tributaries, the Amga and Maya are the largest.

A channel with rifts and islands, often forms branches, bending around stone obstacles, the current is fast. When it flows into the Lena, it is divided into sleeves. From the village of Tommot it is navigable for 4 months, from October to May it is covered with ice. During spring floods, the water level increases by 7-10 m. There are no large cities along the river. River ports are located in the city of Tommot and the townships of Eldikan, Khandyga, Ust-Maya.

Due to the low population density, the ecological situation is favorable, except for mining sites (gold, coal). The Lena federal highway and the Amuro-Yakutsk railway line pass through Tommot.

Angara

Angara is one of the Yenisei tributaries, the deepest. The length is about 1.8 thousand km, it is impossible to talk about the depth, since the entire river is a chain of reservoirs formed during the construction of four power plants. This is the only water stream flowing out of Lake Baikal. The source of the Angara is a narrow gorge in the southwestern part of the lake.

The entire river system is located in the mountains of the Baikal region, therefore, its components are characterized by rapids, fast currents, and summer floods. Of the many tributaries, the most significant are Ilim, Irkut, Belaya, Oka. Before the appearance of dams, navigation on the Angara was impossible. At present, there are constant flights between the HPPs.

The cities on the banks of the Angara were built at different times - Irkutsk, Bratsk and Usolye-Sibirskoye were laid in the 17th century in the form of fortresses, Angarsk and Ust-Ilimsk appeared in the 20th century for industrial needs. Today these are developed industrial centers.

Environmental problems are associated with dams blocking rivers, which disrupted fish reproduction, as well as harmful runoffs and emissions from cities.

Pechora

The deepest rivers of Russia in the European part of the country also belong to the basin of the Arctic Ocean. One of them is Pechora, its length is 1.8 thousand km. The beginning of the river on the western slope of the Northern Urals. In the 80s of the XX century, a plate with a commemorative inscription was installed in this place. Within the Urals, the river has a mountainous regime: fast current, rocky bottom, summer floods.

Descending from the mountains, the Pechora turns into a calm flat river with a depth of 2 to 4 m, expands the channel up to 2 km, it is surrounded by flooded meadows with forbs. Gradually the river becomes fuller, forms sleeves, loops, islands appear. Sections separated from the main channel become lakes "oxbows", which eventually become overgrown with reeds.

Approaching the ocean, the water flow is divided into 2 channels (Bolshaya and Malaya Pechora) and forms a vast delta almost 45 km in size. In the lower reaches, the river flows in the permafrost zone, although the upper soil horizon thaws over the summer. Its depth increases to 6 - 10 m. The place where it flows into the Barents Sea is called the Pechora Bay.

The Pechora has many tributaries, the largest are Izhma, Usa, Tsilma. In the interfluve of the Pechora and its right tributary, the Ilych, there is the Pechora-Ilych Reserve, which preserves the intact forests of the Komi Republic. In its northern part, it is crossed by a small ridge Manpupuner, which is famous for outlier rocks standing on a plateau at an altitude of almost 700 m.

The Mansi people living here call them stone idols. The Pechora lowland is poorly populated, there are no highways and large cities. In Naryan-Mar sea ships can reach, further to the village of Ust-Tsilma and to Pechora only river ships pass. Due to the inaccessibility of the area, the ecological situation is very favorable, there is no one to pollute water and air, except for tourists.

Kolyma

The Kolyma is a Siberian river, famous for its gold mines and sad fate. It was exiled here in the 19th century, prisoners worked here in the 20th century. Now known for extreme tourism, wild nature and harsh climate. On the Kolyma Upland, the sources of the Ayan-Yuryakh and Kulu rivers, which, uniting, give rise to the Kolyma. The length of the river is slightly more than 2.1 thousand km, if we count together with the Kulu - more than 2.5 thousand km.

When it flows into the East Siberian Sea, it forms a vast delta with three channels, one of which is used by ships. The depth of the channels is from 3.5 to 9 m. Out of 35 Kolyma tributaries, only one Omolon feeds the river in spring, the rest, like the main channel, are freed from ice by the beginning of June, having been frozen for 8 months. At the same time, the water warms up weakly even in summer, up to 10 - 15 ° C.

There are no cities along the Kolyma, only three ports - Seimchan, Zyryanka, Cape Zeleny (since 2011 it is part of the port of Tiksi). The Kolyma and Ust-Srednekanskaya power plants provide electricity to the Magadan region and gold mines. The harsh climate and lack of roads keep nature clean, but the development of gold mining worsens the ecological situation.

Northern Dvina

The Northern Dvina is one of the many Russian rivers flowing into the marginal seas of the Arctic Ocean. It begins on the East European (Russian) Plain from the confluence of the Sukhona and the Yug River, its length is 744 km. If we count from the source of the Sukhona in Lake Kubenskoye, the figure will increase to 1.3 thousand km. The river has many tributaries, the largest are Vychegda, Vaga, Pinega.

The depth of the Northern Dvina ranges from 3.5 m to 7.5 m, along the entire length there are shoals, where the water level drops to 1 - 1.5 m. For this reason, ships cannot go upstream and work only in the port of Arkhangelsk, located at the mouth. When it flows into the Dvina Bay of the White Sea, the Dvina is divided into channels, forming an extensive delta.

The seabed is constantly cleared and deepened in the port, since in the spring a lot of sand and debris comes here, although here the depth reaches 12 - 24 m. The cities of Veliky Ustyug, Kotlas, Solvychegodsk are built on the banks. The delta is surrounded by Severodvinsk, Arkhangelsk, Novodvinsk. Veliky Ustyug is considered the official place of residence of our Father Frost.

Environmental problems are associated with the industrial development of the area - air and water pollution by enterprises and municipal services of cities. The rivers of Russia are natural wealth country. Both the deepest and the smallest, they play a big role in the development of territories, determine their path in the future.

Article design: Ilchenko Oksana

Video about the deepest rivers in Russia

Top 10 richest rivers in Russia:

About 2.5 million rivers can be found in Russia. Most of the rivers are not very long and deep. Their length is usually no more than 100 kilometers. But if we talk about large rivers, then they are truly huge and reach shocking sizes.

The Ob River is located in Siberia. It is obtained by the confluence of the Biya and Katun rivers. If we count from the source of the Irtysh, then its length is 5410 kilometers. Thanks to these numbers, she became the most big river longest in our country. The river flows into the Gulf of Ob in the North - a bay in the Kara Sea. The Ob basin area is 2,990,000 square kilometers. Of course, more than 50 species of fish live in the waters of this river. Half of them are of industrial importance.

There is another river in Siberia - the Yenisei. It flows into the Kara Sea. From the sources of the Small Yenisei, the length of the river is 4287 kilometers. It also takes place on the territory of two countries - Mongolia and ours. The area is 2,580,000 square kilometers. Thanks to this, Yenisei takes the second place in our rating.

The river originates in the mountains of Siberia. Further, it flows into the Laptev Sea. This handle is considered one of the largest Russian rivers. Its length reaches 4,480 kilometers. And the area, in turn, is 2,490,000 square kilometers. So Lena is in third place on our list. Some believe that the Russians first learned about this river in the 17th century, sending a detachment of Cossacks in search of it.

Cupid passes through the territory of three states: China, Mongolia and Russia. The basin area is 1,855,000 square kilometers. The length is 2824 kilometers. There are many points of view about the origin of Cupid. The most important of them is the basis of the Tungus-Manchu languages \u200b\u200b"Amar" and "Damur".

The next river on our list originates from the Valdai plateau in the Tver region. On Earth, the river is considered one of the largest. And all because its length is 3530 kilometers. It is located on the territory of two countries - Kazakhstan and Russia. The basin area is 1,361,000 square kilometers.

You will find this river in Yakutia. Its length is 2,129 kilometers. The river was formed by the confluence of the two rivers Kulu and Ayan-Yuryakh. Further, the Kolyma flows into the Kolyma Bay. As for the area of \u200b\u200bthe basin, it is equal to about 645,000 square kilometers. Kolyma was discovered not only by Russians, but also by valiant Cossacks.

The Don River flows in Russia. It takes its origins in the Central Russian Upland. The Don area reaches 422,000 square kilometers, and its length is about 1,870 kilometers. The Don is still considered one of the most ancient rivers in our country. Two million-plus cities were built on the Don: Rostov-on-Don and Voronezh.

The river basin is entirely located within the steppe and forest-steppe zones. The Don is also distinguished by high spring floods and low low-water periods; at other times, summer floods are also very rare. The river freezes, as a rule, in late November - early December. Freeze-up can last from 140 days in the upper reaches and up to 30-90 days in the lower reaches.

You will see the river in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Its length is 1636 kilometers. Khatanga is obtained by the confluence of two rivers - Kheta and Kotui. Further, it flows into the Khatanga Bay. As for the area of \u200b\u200bthe basin, it is equal to about 364,000 square kilometers. Mainly, the food of Khatanga is snowy. High water comes from late May to August. May freeze in late September. In the waters of the river, industrial fishing of omul, vendace, nelma, taimen and char occurs. The river is navigable.

The river originates on the slopes of the Khalkan ridge. The source consists of two rivers - Omekon and Kuidusun. As for the area, it is equal to 360,000 square kilometers. The length of Indigirka is 1,726 square kilometers. Since the river basin is located in the area of \u200b\u200bdevelopment of permafrost rocks, it is characterized by the formation of large icings. There are several settlements on the river itself. It is navigable from the mouth of the Moma River. The main piers are Druzhina, Khonuu, Tabor and Chokurdakh.

Northern Dvina originates in the Vologda region. It turns out at the confluence of two rivers - South and Sukhona. The basin area is 357,000 square kilometers. By the way, it was in these waters that the history of Russian shipbuilding began. In the upper reaches of the river there are the cities of Krasavino, Koryazhma, Kotlas and others. The river is navigable throughout.

In the middle of the 19th century, there was even a plan to improve navigation on the Dvina in the Arkhangelsk region. These were handled by American engineer George Whistler. If you write about the origin of the name, then the folk etymology explains it as a "double river". And all because of the merger of Vychegda and Sukhona. By the way, it is here that the oldest paddle steamer in Russia operates, which could survive in our time.

Video: Top 10 largest rivers in Russia

07.11.2019

The largest river in Russia. 10 largest rivers in Russia: a list with names:

On the territory of our country, there are a huge number of rivers (2.5 million). Most of them are small, their length usually does not exceed 100 kilometers. Then the question arises: what are the largest rivers in Russia? We will try to answer it in this article.

To begin with, we will present you with a list of these rivers:

Enisey.
Lena.
Amur.
Volga.
Kolyma.
Khatanga.
Indigirka.
Northern Dvina.

Now let's talk about them in more detail.

River Ob

The largest river in Russia, which is located in Western Siberia. It is formed by the confluent rivers Biya and Katun. From the source of the Irtysh, its length is 5410 kilometers. In the North, it flows into the Gulf of Ob.

The water basin of the river occupies a huge area - 2,990 thousand square meters. km. According to this indicator, it rightfully occupies a leading position in our list. In terms of water content, the Ob is in third place, behind only Lena and Yenisei.

The Ob feeds mainly on melt water. During spring-summer floods, the largest river in Russia receives most of its annual flow.

note

In April, high water begins in the upper reaches, in the second half of April it begins in the middle reaches, and in early May this process occurs in the lower reaches. The water level rises even during freeze-up.

When the river breaks open, as a result of the resulting jams, short-term insignificant level rises occur.

High water ends in the upper reaches in July. In September - October, a rain flood begins, which lasts until freezing in the lower and middle reaches. Ice cover on the Ob is preserved on average up to 220 days a year.

The main tributary of the Ob is the Irtysh. The length of this river from the source, which is located on the border of China and Mongolia, to the confluence with the Ob is 4,248 km.

Fishing has been developing on this river for a long time. Even at the end of the 19th century, there were many ruff, perch, sculpin, pike, shokur, muksun, nelma and other fish species in the river waters. Today there are fewer fish in the Ob waters, but nevertheless there are about 50 species of it.