Church of the Nativity of the virgin on a solyanka. Description of the Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary on the kulishki. Photo and description
Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary on Kulishki what's on the Strelka in Moscow. The exact date of its construction is unknown: according to some sources it is 1712, according to others - 1773.
They built a building at a fork, or "on the arrow" of two roads passing on "kulizhki" (this is how the clearings cleared among the forest were called earlier).
The word "kulizhki" is also interpreted in a different way: perhaps that was the name of the swampy place at that time.
History of the Nativity Church on Solyanka
The shrine was preceded by a temple built in 1547. It is also known that in 1600 the wooden church was rebuilt on this site, and in the 1700s a stone building appeared.
The project for the current construction of the Church of the Most Holy Theotokos on Solyanka Street was created by the architect Balashov (according to another version - Dmitry Bazhenov).
A new shrine was erected in 1803 on the site of an already dilapidated stone building. A little earlier, a refectory and a bell tower appeared at the temple - in 1801.
The building was also changed after the events of 1812. It was partially rebuilt in 1821.
The next renovation of the shrine on Kulishki took place in 1863 and 1891.
The exterior of the building changed with each new reconstruction. If initially the shrine was made in the Baroque style, then over time its appearance approached the early classicism.
The main building of the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin has a low dome; the refectory is triangular in plan, the corners are rounded. Between the refectory and the temple there were recesses, which were built up in 1850.
At the beginning of the nineteenth century, the famous archivist Malinovsky, in his fundamental manuscript dedicated to the history of Moscow, substantiated the fact that they wanted to immortalize the memory of those who fell during the Don massacre in 1380 (better known to us as the Battle of Kulikovo) with the first wooden church on Kulishki.
This meant that the historical value of the shrine has increased significantly. For about 170 years, the information was hidden, only in 1992 was the work of the historian published.
Church after the revolution and today
In 1935, the temple of the Virgin on Solyanka was beheaded and closed.
At various times, the building of the shrine was occupied by a workshop, a radiological institute, a beauty salon and medical facilities. The bell tower and the completion of the temple were finally dismantled. The internal appearance of the building has also completely changed.
In 1991, the religious building was returned to the Russian Orthodox Church. Divine services were resumed at the same time.
The renovation work went and is going very slowly. They are not completed even today. The scope of work is very large, because it is necessary to restore the exterior and interior of the shrine, to establish the life support of the temple.
The Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary on Kulishki (on the Strelka) is located at: Moscow, Solyanka, 5/2, building 4 (Kitay-Gorod metro station).
Photo: Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary on Kulishki
Photo and description
The first wooden church on the site of the current Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary on Kulishki was known from the first half of the 16th century. The church was built in the place where the Russian army gathered before, under the command of Prince Dmitry Donskoy, they went to the Battle of Kulikovo with the army of the Horde temnik Mamai.
This area was called Kulishki, since, apparently, at that time it was the land left after the felling of the forest, intended for arable land. Kulishki were located at the confluence of two rivers - Moscow and Yauza, and now Solyanka Street runs here, on which the temple stands. All Moscow streets, whose names come from the word "salt", received them because of their proximity to the Salt Fish Yard, built in the 16th-17th centuries. In addition, the temple stood at the confluence of two roads - on Vorontsovo and in Zayauz.
Throughout its history, the temple burned twice on a large scale. This happened for the first time in 1547, and after that fire, by the beginning of the 17th century, the building of the temple was rebuilt in brick. The second fire took place during the Patriotic War of 1812, but before the fire, Napoleon's soldiers took over it and carried out all the utensils and valuables. The building of the temple, built quite recently, at the beginning of the 19th century, was partially damaged then - its rotunda burned down.
In the 30s of the last century, the church was closed. After the demolition of the heads of the building, it housed institutions of various profiles: from a sculptor's workshop to a beauty salon. In the 90s, services in the temple were resumed, and it was handed over to the Ossetian community - this is how the temple became the Alan courtyard, and services are also held in the Ossetian language. At the beginning of this century, restoration work was carried out in the building, and in 2010, a monument by Zurab Tsereteli "In memory of the victims of Beslan" was erected near the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin. The building of the temple is an object of cultural heritage of the Russian Federation.
Such a wonderful name - Solyanka! Where did it come from?
Church of Cyrus and John on Solyanka
Until the beginning of the 19th century, Moscow did not know any sculptural monuments. But, nevertheless, there were monuments - they were monuments-temples or chapels. For one or another significant event: the victory of Russian weapons, the landing of the Grand Duke on the table, a royal wedding or a royal wedding. On the day of Cyrus and John, the wedding to the kingdom of Catherine II took place. Hence the name of the surviving church, it was destroyed in 1934.
Although why - not preserved? One small piece has survived! And now I will show it to you.
1. 
This is all that remains of the church - one pylon of its fence. Solyanka Street, building 6. If you look to the right of this plate, then this is the fence post of the Church of Cyrus and John embedded in the wall. That's all that's left of her.
The building of the courier service. Built in Brezhnev times. The locals jokingly call it "The House with Pals". Why? Well, obviously, by the look of the facade. Serious institution - when cool foreign cars from the state. numbers drive up to the gate, the passengers get out, the driver opens the trunk for inspection.
Salt yard
We are on the territory of the former salt yard.
Back in the 17th century, a salt yard was built near the Yauzovskaya road, not far from the Varvarskiye Vorota square. The modern buildings were built from 1911 to 1915 in two stages. The first building (on the right in the photo) was built in peacetime, the second after the outbreak of the First World War. The construction quality of the second building was worse, so the balconies began to deteriorate back in the 1980s. And for a long time, about 20 years, the house stood without balconies. And they were restored quite recently, during last year's renovation.
Art Nouveau balconies
6.
7.
The house and its basements are shrouded in legends. True, these are not the salt cellars, but new ones that were dug during the construction of buildings. The basements are two-story, and in some places even three-story - they were originally intended for storing goods. These were warehouses with wide driveways - two carts could pass, or, later, two cars. Of course, there is also an entrance. In the 90s, businessmen equipped a car wash there.
It is interesting that while digging a foundation pit for the future house, a treasure was found:
In 1913, in the courtyard of the building of the Moscow Merchant Society under construction, at a depth of over 2 meters, a treasure was found in a clay pot (13 pounds 81 spool - approximately 9 thousand kopecks of the time of Ivan IV, Fedor Ivanovich, Boris Fedorovich). The treasure was examined by the Archaeological Commission and returned to the discoverer.
The basements are being raided by squatters. They even hang up signs there, designating "streets". Once every three or four years, squatters are cut down by the police and firefighters, then they make a new passage and infiltrate into their favorite spot.
During the Great Patriotic War, the cellars were used as a bomb shelter.
“House under the Angels” is the second name of the Salt Yard.
Two relief figures of mythological goddesses of Glory are in the attic of the building facing Solyanka (see the photo at the very beginning of the excursion).
Elements of embossed decorations
9.
The enfilade of arches of the network of walkways was the scene of the shooting of the film Brother. It is here that the hero of Viktor Sukhorukov shoots a large black jeep from a Maxim machine gun.
There is also a wonderful film of the Soviet era "Through hardships to the stars", episodes of the dying planet were filmed in the basements of this house.
The entrance to the courtyard is blocked off by such a lattice with a hammer and sickle.
10.
By the way, the hard times of the early 20th century did not pass by the residents of this prestigious house - 45 of them were shot in 1937-1938.
And we are going to the arrow from Podkolokolny lane.
Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary, which is on the arrow
The addition to the name speaks for itself - the church is located on the arrow formed by Podkolokolny lane and Solyanka. Apparently, Podkolokolny Lane got its name from the bell tower, from which it starts and goes towards Khitrovskaya Square.
Now the Alan courtyard is located here, services are conducted in the Ossetian language. Therefore, the monument to the Victims of Beslan was erected here. True, in violation of the norms, since monuments cannot be installed in the protected zone of a cultural heritage object. The people called this monument “To the Victims of Tsereteli”. The author of the monument is Zurab Konstantinovich, this, apparently, is the answer to the question about the peculiarities of the location.
Orphanage
We are standing at the gates of the Orphanage.
The Imperial Orphanage was built during the reign of Empress Catherine II by the architect Karl Blank as a charitable closed educational institution for orphans, foundlings and homeless children. They were also thrown here.
Two buildings: for boys and girls. Boys were taught some kind of craft, girls were taught to embroider and weave all kinds of lace. Plus, there was a dowry system here: a number of patrons gave money for dowry to the graduates. It is clear that it was impossible to provide for everyone, so every year they organized something like a lottery.
The main entrance with two sculptures on the pylons of the gate. The sculptures have a name - Mercy (the one without a hand) and Education. Sculptor Ivan Vitali. There are copies here, and the originals are in the Museum of Architecture on the territory of the Donskoy Monastery.
If you look at the old photos, you will notice this. Initially, there was a heart in the raised hand of "Mercy". Then the heart turned out to be lost, and the whole sculptural composition began to look as if a woman was trying to slap a child standing next to her on the butt.
But apparently she was so successful in this that she broke her arm.
In Soviet times, the Orphanage housed the Military Academy of the Strategic Missile Forces. Dzerzhinsky, now it bears the name of Peter the Great.
The building of the Board of Trustees is the administrative body of the Orphanage. Not only the Educational, but also a number of charitable institutions throughout the territory of the Russian Empire: shelters, almshouses, hospitals and other hospitals. All this huge economy was managed by the Board of Trustees.
The Council was empowered to carry out settlement and loan operations. The first savings bank was opened here in 1842. That is why modern Sberbank has been counting its history since 1842.
Note the reliefs of ancient Greek goddesses. Earlier we saw exactly the same images on the pediment of a house in the Salt Yard.
The eight-column portico is crowned with a frieze by the sculptor I.P. Vitali
Landowners came here, mortgaged their estates. They became especially active in this after the reform of 1861 to free the peasants. And in the early 30s, Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin came here to mortgage his Nizhny Novgorod estate - he needed to improve his family budget.
An additional source of income - the council had the privilege of printing playing cards. Plus trade in leather goods, faience and porcelain. All the profits received went to support the network of charitable institutions.
And in the meantime we have already entered the Yauzskaya square. House with columns, belonged to the merchants Smirnov.
Dad was a merchant, and his son was a professor of law at Moscow University. Remember there was such a Soviet film "Prokindiada or running on the spot"? There was such a San Sanych who knew everyone and could help everyone. Well, Professor Smirnov was about such "San Sanych" was, only at the beginning of the 19th century. He was familiar with many of the mighty of this world and willingly interceded in all kinds of intricate cases. Naturally, she earned her main capital not on teaching forensic science within the walls of Moscow University, but just in the field of walking around various noble and bureaucratic offices.
Next door - city \u200b\u200bestate of the Goncharov-Filipovs.
The estate was founded by the great-great-grandfather of Natalia Goncharova Afanasy Goncharov, the owner of a linen factory near Kaluga. Later, her grandfather, Afanasy Nikolayevich Goncharov, built the main house of the estate in the style of classicism (designed by M.F. Kazakov's student, architect I.V. Yegotov), \u200b\u200bwhich M. Kazakov included in the albums of the best Moscow buildings of the early 19th century.
Natalya Nikolaevna's grandfather was a man, um ... well, let's face it, a spree. He was very fond of carousing, adored playing cards. As a result, he lost almost his entire multimillion-dollar fortune, so everything that could be sold was sold. A quarter of a century later, Pushkin found Natalya Nikolaevna in a completely different place - on Bolshaya Nikitskaya Street.
The tea merchant Filippov locates a tea packing factory here. After 1917, the factory was, of course, nationalized, then there were communal apartments, and the last tenants left here relatively recently, in the mid-90s.
Today it was decided to restore the complex of these buildings. Albums of Kazakov were used (Matthew Fedorovich not only recorded his creations, but also the creations of his contemporaries, which he liked), thanks to this the house was restored to the form it had before the fire of 1812. There is a copper roof here, copper drainpipes here, a tiled stove and vaults have been restored, parquet floors. Now there are various fashion houses and other offices. And back in the 90s, very pretentious discos were held on the roof of the main house, then one-story, for two or three years in the summer. "New Russians" came here in six-hundredth Mercedes, music thundered throughout the entire district.
The tenants fought for a long time. For three years they wrote letters to various authorities, and finally this disco was closed.
Trinity Church in Serebryanniki
A corner of this temple can be seen in the previous photo. Let's take a closer look at it.
Serebryannichesky lane itself is a memory of the settlement of monetary masters.In the old days, in the 18th century, silversmiths of the Silver Monetary Court lived here, who also made silver dishes for the royal court, frames for icons, crosses and silver jewelry - earrings, rings. There was a small mint where headers for copper money were made.
The bell tower of the Trinity Church was built with the money of Afanasy Goncharov, most likely according to the project of Karl Blank.
The setting sun illuminates the bell tower in yellow
This is a rather archaic building for those times, for the beginning of the 70s, such an unexpected return to the Baroque. Well, researchers believe that Afanasy Goncharov himself is a man of the Baroque era. And who pays, as you know, calls the tune.
Very often this church is included in guidebooks such as "Moscow Masons". It is difficult to judge how much this temple is associated with the Freemasons, since it cannot be said that the symbolism is unique precisely for free masons.
And we will now go into the gateway, opposite this temple, and I will show you something interesting!
To be continued..
Address: st. Solyanka, 5/2
How to get to the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin on the Strelka: Art. metro Kitay-Gorod
The very first wooden church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary on Strelka (Kulishki) was built in 1547 in the White City at a fork (arrow) of major roads, one of which led to Zayauzye, and the second to the grand-ducal village of Vorontsovo. Now it is a fork of Solyanka Street and Podkolokolny Lane in the Tagansky District of Moscow. This area in the old days was called Kulishki, or kulizhki - according to one of the versions that interpret this word, glades cleared from the forest were called kulizhki. The Kulishki district in the past was located at the confluence of the Yauza with the Moskva River, and now it is Solyanka, the adjacent lanes up to Yauzsky Boulevard and the embankment, as well as the site on which the former Orphanage is located.
In 1600, the wooden church building was replaced with a brick one. The main altar of the temple is consecrated in honor of the Nativity of the Virgin. The first side-altar of the Nativity Church was built in honor of the Apostle John the Theologian (1722), and the second in honor of Dmitry of Rostov (1763-1858). In 1858, the chapel of Dmitry Rostovsky was rededicated in honor of the great martyr Dmitry Solunsky.
In 1800 - 1802, according to the project of architect D. Balashov, a refectory with a bell tower was added. And in 1803-1804 the same architect (according to another version - Dmitry Bazhenov), instead of the old church, built a new one, in the style of mature classicism, which has survived to this day. The Church of the Nativity of the Virgin on Strelka was significantly damaged during the Moscow fire of 1812, so in 1821 it was partially rebuilt. In 1880, a sacristy appeared near the Nativity Church, which was built by the architect V. Karneev.
Unlike many churches, the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin on the Strelka functioned for a long time after the 1917 revolution. Only in 1935 the church was closed and beheaded, but the building itself was not destroyed. For several decades, various institutions were located here, including: a sculpture workshop, Lesproekt, an X-ray radiological institute and even a beauty salon. During this time, the interior of the church was completely rebuilt.
In 1991, the temple was returned to the Russian Orthodox Church, and on the feast of the Nativity of Christ in 1992, after a long break, the first service was held here, which was held in the Church Slavonic and Alanian (Ossetian) languages \u200b\u200b(the church is used by the Ossetian diaspora in Moscow).
In early 2008, the restoration of the church and the bell tower of the Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary on the Strelka was carried out.
Historical reference:
1547 - the first wooden church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary was built on Strelka (Kulishki)
1600 - the wooden church building was replaced with a brick one
1722 - the chapel was built in honor of the Apostle John the Theologian
1763 - a chapel in honor of Dmitry Rostovsky was arranged
1800 - 1802 - a refectory with a bell tower was added to the project of the architect D. Balashov
1821 - the Church of the Nativity on Strelka was partially rebuilt
1858 - the chapel of Dmitry Rostovsky was rededicated in honor of the great martyr Dmitry Solunsky
1880 - a sacristy was added to the Nativity Church, designed by architect V. Karneev
1935 - the church was closed and beheaded
1991 - the temple was returned to the Russian Orthodox Church
1992 - after a long break, the first service was held here
Temple of the Nativity? The Most Holy Theotokos on Kuli? Shki (on the Strelka) is an Orthodox church of the Intercession Deanery of the Moscow Diocese.
The temple is located in the Tagansky district of the Central Administrative District of Moscow. The main altar was consecrated in honor of the feast of the Nativity of the Most Holy Theotokos; side-chapels in honor of the holy Apostle John the Theologian, in honor of the holy great martyr Demetrius of Thessaloniki.
Since 1996 it has been the Patriarch's Alan Compound. The service in the temple is performed in Church Slavonic and Ossetian languages.
The Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary is located in the historical district of Moscow, which was formerly called Kulishki. "Kulishki" (more correctly kulizhki) is an old Russian word, interpreted in different ways by various sources. Among the options for values, you can find both a swampy swampy place and a forest after felling. The old Kulishki district was located at the confluence of the Moskva River and the Yauza. Currently, this is the Solyanka area with adjacent lanes to Yauzsky Boulevard and Yauza embankment and the entire territory of the former Orphanage.
The church is located on an arrow formed by Podkolokolny lane and Solyanka. Apparently, Podkolokolny Lane got its name from the bell tower, from which it starts and goes towards Khitrovskaya Square.
In 1547, a wooden church of the Nativity of the Virgin on Kulishki (on the Strelka) was mentioned at this place - at the fork of two ancient roads - in Zayauzye (Solyanka Street; the former Bolshaya Kolomenskaya road, reaching Kolomna on the Oka and then going to the Ryazan principality), and in the grand-princely village of Vorontsovo on Vorontsovo Field (Podkolokolny Lane).
In connection with the location of the church building near the gathering place of the all-Russian army on Vasilyevsky meadow before the campaign to Kulikovo field and the dedication of the main throne to the Nativity of the Most Holy Theotokos, the famous historian and archivist of the early 19th century A.F. Malinovsky in his fundamental manuscript work "Review of Moscow" connected the original the construction of a wooden church on this site to perpetuate the memory of Russian soldiers who fell in the Don massacre on September 8, 1380. Since his work was first published only in 1992, this important information remained completely unnoticed for almost 170 years.
In 1600, a brick church was built on the site of the wooden church.
The current building of the Nativity Church in the style of mature classicism was built according to the project of the architect D. Balashov (according to other sources - by the brother of V.I.Bazhenov - Dmitry Bazhenov) in 1803-1804 on the site of the old one, at the bell tower and refectory, rebuilt in 1801-1802 ...
The temple was badly damaged during the fire of 1812: the fire destroyed the rotunda, the silver frames of the icons, crowns, lamps, clothes, antimensions were stolen.
The sacristy of the church was built in 1880 by the architect V.N. Karneev.
The temple was closed in 1935, beheaded, but resisted. In Soviet times, the building of the church housed: a sculpture workshop, "Lesproekt", an X-ray and radiological institute, medical institutions, a beauty salon.
In 1991 he was returned to the Russian Orthodox Church, the divine service was resumed.
In 1996, with the blessing of the Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia Alexy II, the Church of the Nativity of the Most Holy Theotokos on Kulishki was handed over to the Moscow Ossetian community and became known as the Alan courtyard.
In 2007, Abbot Georgy (Bestaev) became the rector of the Church of the Nativity of the Most Holy Theotokos on Kulishki. He came to Moscow from the courtyard of the Holy Trinity Sergius Lavra, where for the last 8 years he served as a hermitage leader in the church of St. Mary Magdalene Equal to the Apostles in the village of Loza.
In the winter of 2008, the temple and the bell tower were covered with forests - repair and restoration work began.
In 2009, the gilded end of the bell tower was restored and a cross was installed.
Pilgrimage trips to the Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary on Kulishki