Reduced GSPG. GSPG (hormone) in women, men. Globulin connecting sex hormones: function, norm and pathology. What factors affect the result and how is the analysis
The processes that proceed in the male body are largely dependent on the number of sex hormones contained in the blood. They are subject to frequent change due to the influence of external factors. Special proteins called binding globulin or simply GSPG help control the level of hormones.
GSPG in men
GSPG hormone, what is this man? This is a component that is responsible for moving gender-type hormones in the body, that is, with the deviations of the norm, this substance binds and transports the necessary hormones in different ways. If this protein compound is increased, this means that there are disorders in the work of the endocrine system. With low indicators in the body of a man there are pathologies and serious diseases, including liver.
Usually the question arises: how to increase or increase the number of protein compounds. In the most simple cases, it is worth moving to a healthy lifestyle, but with numerous pathologies will have to fight with the help of a variety of types of treatment.
It is worth remembering that the elevated content of the binding substance is also an indicator of diseases, therefore, for treatment, it is necessary to use Gamma Globulin, which leads processes to normal.
It is necessary to know that globulin has a variety of forms. For example, Alpha is a multi-level form that shows deviations from the norm and in women, and in men. That is why alpha variant check the likelihood of cancer tumors.
Functions
Testosterone in the blood is able to be in three states, namely:
- Free - Molecules constituting a hormone, engage in interaction with cells and tissues. In normal condition, the level of this testosterone does not exceed 2%.
- Connected - represents a very strong compound that does not have any biological activity, and also does not affect cells and tissues. Total contains from 35 to 75%.
- Connected with other types of plasma protein (albumin) - This type of testosterone is extremely unstable. If there is a lack of a free hormone in the blood, then the one that is associated with albumin can be easily freed and engage in interaction with cells and tissues. They contain them from 25 to 65%.
Hormone, which was associated with transport protein, loses its activity, but it does not destroy in the process of metabolism. The amount of testosterone in the blood depends on the presence of a hormonal substance that is free, as well as its fractions associated with a protein of albumin and globulin.
Analyzes on GSPG
Analyzes to identify the level of the GSPG in men are extremely rare. However, there are a number of diseases in which these analyzes are necessary:
- When identifying the cause of the oppression of libido.
- When determining the reasons affecting the deterioration or no potency.
- In determining the factors that influenced the appearance of infertility in men.
- Determination of the total hormonal background.
- Identify the balance of certain hormones.
Often, with hormonal disorders, various symptoms appear, in which most doctors assign analyzes to the definition of the level of the GSPG. These include:
- seboro;
- the appearance of acne rams;
- the emergence of problems with potency;
- obesity;
- muscle dystrophy;
- frequent depression;
- weed immunity.
Important! Analysis on the determination of the level of GSPG in the blood in men is often prescribed with not the coincidence of the testosterone level and the general state of the health of the man.
If there is a suspicion of a cancer tumor, you will also have to take an analysis to Alpha-1-globulin. This type of hormonal communication is a universal means for finding pathologies and deviations.
Normal indicator
The GSPG is measured in the value of nmol / l. This protein is produced by the liver tissues. It is needed to transfer androgen. The change in the number of protein depends on the age: the older man, the greater the amount allocated.
For men and young men of different ages, the norm is considered:
|
Age (years) |
Indicator (NMOL / L) |
Important! In order for the identified result of the alpha hormone to be the most accurate, it is necessary to completely abandon the use of alcoholic beverages, do not smoke for an hour before donating blood. It should be borne in mind that the blood test is surrendered.
With unreliable analysis, it will be necessary to take tests again, since there is a probability of error. For example, even a small temperature due to a cold will increase the level of alpha hormone and other forms of globulin.
Causes of deviation
The GSPG in men is a very important component that helps to establish a normal hormonal background. If it is rejected from the norm, this may indicate various serious diseases.
Increased protein levels can cause:
- HIV infection;
- hepatitis;
- hyperthyroidism.
The decrease in indicators may indicate the presence of diseases such as:
- liver cirrhosis;
- nephrotic syndrome;
- pathology of Cushing;
- insulin resistant diabetes;
- collagenosis;
- acromegaly;
- hypothyroidism.
If the number of hormone binding hormone is increased, then changes occur in the structure of the prostate gland, which can later cause cancer tumors. If the level of globulin is lowered, the activity of sex hormones decreases, which subsequently can lead to prostatic hyperplasia or cancer.
Ways to normalize the level of the GSPG
First of all, the increase or decrease in the level of the hormone is associated with problems in the liver. That is why, to achieve the norm, it is necessary to cure a disease that caused the deviation. For this reason, if the question occurs: "How to reduce the GSPG in men or increase it," you need to carefully treat the condition of the liver.
The GSPG level can be reduced if:
- Use products or vitamins and minerals, which contain boron. A large amount of this element is located in apricots, buckwheat, peas, lemon, kiwi, cabbage and carrots.
- Use vitamin D3. It is contained in chicken eggs, fish oil, butter, dairy products, cheese, cauldron.
- Refrain from diets, which include the use of low carbohydrate products.
- Reduce the number of products containing a significant amount of fiber (apples, bananas, blueberries, raspberries, avocado, bran).
- Include products with high zinc and magnesium products in the diet. This, for example, calf liver, cedar nuts, poppy, sesame, oysters, spinach, beans, pumpkin.
Often, with a decrease in the level of the GSPG, doctors prescribe a number of drugs in the form of tablets or solutions for injection.
Important! During treatment, it is better to abandon drink containing alcohol, as it adversely affects the liver and helps to increase the level of estradiol.
The method of treating this disease is appointed by a doctor after a complete examination and identifying the reasons that caused it.
Impact on the sexual sphere
If the development is violated, and the globulin deviates from the norm, this may entail a large number of consequences that will affect the sex life of a man.
The most frequent consequences are:
- Reducing sexual attraction to the opposite partner.
- The emergence of such a disease as infertility.
- Delay in sexual development, which is associated with a decrease in androgen sensitivity.
- The emergence of problems with erection or its complete absence.
To avoid these unpleasant symptoms, you need to closely monitor the number of globulin in the blood.
Output
Globulin affects the human hormonal background, which is why it must be carefully followed. Upon deviation from the norm, the doctors prescribe preparations that increase and reduce the amount of GSPG in the blood. In special cases, this hormone is able to cause a number of diseases, including the productive system in men.
Questions about what the functions of the GSPG hormone is what it is, men occur when deciphering the overall analysis of blood. GSPG, SHBG or Globulin is the most complex protein fraction located in a plasma. It moves in the blood current together with sex hormones and is responsible for their bioavailability. In different periods of human life, the level of globulin changes, it depends mainly from age and lifestyle.
GSPG functions
Globulin binding sex hormones is formed in hepatic fabrics. The main work of this protein is to move the blood of testosterone and estradiol; In addition, it is responsible for the delivery of the necessary useful substances and vitamins in all organism systems, normalizes blood coagulation, increases the body's protective functions and helps to fight various viruses and infections.
The main function of the globulin hormone is to adjust the testosterone blood, which may be present in the body in 3 forms:
- Testosterone in free form (interacts with all the tissues and cells of the body).
- Testosterone, unstable when interacting with albumin.
- Testosterone in the related form (closely interacts with globulin, while no connection with metabolism is no no, therefore it is the most stable hormonal form).
GSPG in norm
Globulin connecting sex hormones is designed to move blood androgen. With age, the volume of the protein produced begins to increase, which is a sign of aging and lack of testosterone. For men of each age there is its own blood globulin in the blood:
- The boys who have not yet achieved a teenage period, such indicators are considered the norm - 26.4-162.4 nmol / l.
- In adolescents, this indicator is normal to be equal to 14.9-98.2 nmol / l.
- For young men, from 15 to 19 years, normal indicators are 9.7-49.6 nmol / l.
- In men from 19 to 50 years, the normal indicator of globulin in the blood should be 16.2-68.5 nmol / l.
- In the elderly, this level is normally 85 nmol / l.
And with the GSPG Okay!
Why deviations from the norm
The level of globulin is usually increasing due to disorders in the work of the endocrine system, in particular, problems with the thyroid gland.
The shortage of the SHBG level in the body can be due to several reasons. Here are the main of them:
- began problems with the liver, namely cirrhosis, hepatitis and necrosis;
- incorrect meals, in which the human body does not receive a sufficient number of all the necessary vitamins and trace elements;
- receiving glucocorticoids for a long time.
- loss of protein - in people suffering from overweight, its level is mainly lowered.
Why lead deviations from the norm
High or, on the contrary, the low level of globulin in men always leads to a violation of the hormonal background, which often becomes the cause of unpleasant consequences, for example, a decrease in sexual entry, which has proven depression and hyperhydrosis.
In addition, excess globulin can lead to more serious disorders, for example, to cirrhosis, adenoma or prostate cancer. Globulin, bonding sex hormones, takes part in the development of insulin in the body, so if the level of globulin is reduced, it is often the cause of diabetes mellitus.
Among other things, the analysis by which you can determine the level of these hormones in the blood may be required in the case of strong baldness in men or increased acne in adolescents. A suspicion of male infertility can also be caused to pass an analysis.
Often there are cases of lack of androgen, although the testosterone level is normal; In this case, it is also recommended to pass the analysis on SHBG. Thus, the level of globulin in the blood allows us to calculate the index of free androgens, which normally should not be below 50%. The low index indicates a male development of pathological processes in the body, which may be due to problems such as prostate in chronic form or deviations in the functioning of testicles.
How to bring the level of globulin into normal condition
In suspected that the body began hormonal violations and problems that can be connected with them should immediately seek help from the specialists, namely to the andrologist and reproductologist.
In order for the doctor to make the correct treatment, it is necessary to carry out more accurate diagnosis. In this connection, only blood test is not enough. It is necessary to conduct an ultrasound study of all organs, separately examine the liver and the organs of the small pelvis. Only learning the cause can be taken for eliminating the problem.
First of all, it is necessary to make adjustments to the diet, start conspicing only useful food with a large number of vitamins and minerals. In particular, it is recommended to use products containing boring, fiber, magnesium and zinc.
Often to reduce the level of globulin in blood, the doctor recommends the reception of drugs containing vitamin D3; In addition, they can be assigned Insulin, Proviron, Stanozolol. For people with overweight, it is not recommended to switch to a low-calorie diet.
Globulin, binding sex hormones (GSPG), is a special protein that, when combined in blood with female and male hormones, weakens the biological activity of these substances.
The smaller the ability to bind to steroids, the more their effectiveness.
Synthesis Stimulants GSPG
Globulin is a blood protein, the main part of which is produced by the liver. Protecting active substances from fast metabolism, it controls their stable blood content.
With the help of the GSPG, sex hormones fall into the bloodstream:
- testosterone;
- dihydrotestosterone;
- estradiol;
- estriol;
- estron;
- dehydroepiyRostroneon.
The binding ability of the protein is regulated using stimulating substances and blockers. GSPG accelerates the synthesis of hormones:
- estrogens;
- somatotropic pituitary hormone;
- thyroxine (T4).
Inhibitors of synthesis of GSPG
Substances that delay the binding of biologically active substances are called inhibitors.
Synthesis GSPG detain the components:
- androgens - steroids;
- insulin - produced by pancreas;
- somomatins - growth regulator, anabolic.
Features of blood analysis
Preparation for the study begin in 3 days before putting the material in the laboratory. Restrictions on the analysis:
- prevent physical and emotional overload;
- do not drink alcohol;
- 3 days before the test observe the sexual rest, cancel the reception of hormonal means;
- do not smoke 30 minutes before putting the material.
The study is carried out in the morning on an empty stomach.
Blood take from Vienna. Features analysis for women:
- the test passes for 3-7 days of the menstrual cycle;
- during pregnancy, estrogen products increase, so the GSPG indicator also increases;
- after menopause, the protein concentration is lower than in reproductive age.
The overall sign of male and female sex hormones is the presence of a 17-beta hydroxy group. The degree of interaction due to steroids is reduced towards dihydrotestosterone, testosterone, estradiol.
Men's hormones reduce globulin's ability to bind. Female PGs increase this indicator. When there are any deviations in the process of binding, disorders occur in the action and producing active substances.
With increased synthesis of estrogen, globulin is primarily associated with androgen. This reaction enhances the effect of female hormones to the body. With an excess of men's steroids, androgen production of the GSPG decreases, which is reflected in the analysis as an unrelated fraction.
In men, the test is carried out in cases:
- disorders of the erectile function;
- reduction of sexual attraction;
- increase breast glands;
- fertility estimates;
- chronic prostatitis;
- baldness.
Indications for research in women:
- irregular menstruation;
- infertility;
- early menopause;
- risk assessment of gestosis in 3 pregnancy semester;
- development of secondary male signs - change voice, hair growth on face and body;
- acne;
- lack of sexual entry;
- polycystic ovarian.
Analysis is carried out using an immunohemilessumine blood testing method.
The level control of the GSPG is carried out after treatment to evaluate the results of the therapy.
Norms in the blood
The parameters affect the globulin indicator:
- age;
- times of Day;
- level of sex hormones;
- liver condition;
- overweight;
- failures in the endocrine system;
- the period of hormone therapy.
GSPG norms for girls (nmol / l):
- up to 1 month - 28.3-69.5;
- 0-10 years - 68.4-149;
- 10-18 years - 55.4-124.
Standard indicators for boys (nmol / l):
- the first month of life - 42.7-108;
- 0-12 years old - 76-137;
- 12-18 years old - 44-113.
In women, the GSPG rule ranges from 20 to 140 nmol / l. Normal male parameter - 12-75 units.
The content of GSPG in the blood does not have a single international standard.
The indicator depends on the method of testing and type of reagent.
It is recommended to analyze in the same laboratory so that confusion does not occur in the results. In the analysis for analysis, normal values \u200b\u200bare indicated for a specific laboratory. They are indicated in the column "Reference Indicators".
Usually an analysis form transfer to your doctor. Other GSPG names used in medicine:
- testosterone-estrogen bonding globulin;
- sex steroid;
- USSG;
- SHBG;
- TEBG.
With existing deviations in the analysis refer to specialists:
- gynecologist;
- endocrinologist;
- andrologist.
Hormonal agents are able to increase and reduce the level of binding globulin. Factors influence the results of the analysis: the intake of anticonvulsant drugs, alcohol abuse, vegetarianism.
Globulin binding sex hormones increased
The concentration of globulin connecting the genital hormones is associated with a number of factors. This indicator increases for the following reasons:
- high level of PG in the blood;
- the body mass index exceeds the permissible norm;
- liver disease;
- excess products of thyroid hormones;
- receiving oral contraceptives;
- replacement therapy with synthetic hormones during menopause;
- malignant tumor;
- violation of the synthesis of sex hormones;
- lack of sensitivity to androgen;
- the exhaustion of the body against the backdrop of food failure;
- lack of growth hormone.
Excessive amounts of GSPG are treated with corticosteroids. Preparations are taken inward or injections. Therapy is selected individually, since the increased concentration of globulin can cause different diseases.
A set of measures taken to facilitate the state is chosen on the basis of the symptoms and the reasons for the increase in the GSPG.
Low level
Reducing the ability of protein to bind depends on the influence of adverse factors on the body. Causes of the Reduction of the GSPG:
- kidney damage due to violation of the exchange of proteins and peptides;
- the level of androgen is higher than the norm;
- diabetes;
- impaired pituitary function;
- itsenko - Cushing syndrome is an increase in the concentration of adrenal cortex hormones;
- hormonal therapy.
The low concentration of protein in the blood is corrected by statins - drugs that restore the balance of lipids. Along with these means, a comprehensive treatment is prescribed after confirmation of the diagnosis. The choice of therapy is carried out after a number of analyzes and study of symptoms.
Related research
Before analyzing the GSPG, a test for the free testosterone index (East) is carried out. The study allows you to identify failures in the development of this hormone.
To adjust the level of the GSPG there are a full survey. One analysis on the protein concentration is not enough to obtain a detailed picture of the disease.
The action plan includes related studies:
- general blood analysis;
- study of leukocyte formula;
- sugar content in material;
- indicator of the quantitative ratio of proteins in the blood;
- biochemical blood test (on the level of bilirubin, hepatic samples);
- level T3 and T4;
- concentration of estradiol and testosterone.
Ultrasound research may be required:
- liver;
- small pelvis;
- thyroid gland.
Thanks to the ability to bind sex hormones, globulin supports human hormonal background. The correction of the GSPG level is carried out only after comprehensive diagnostics.
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Globulin, binding genital hormones (GSPG), is a complex plasma transport protein, blood circulating in the blood associated with sex hormones and their biological availability regulating.
In the special literature and on the form of laboratory test results, it can be called differently or designated by the corresponding abbreviation: the USSG - Sex Steroid-Binding-Globulin, TESG - Testosterone Estradiol-Binding Globulin, SHBG - Sex Hormone Binding Globulin, TEBG - Testosterone Estrogen Binding Globulin, PSSU - Polya Steroid-binding Globulin, ASG - Androgen-binding Globulin, GHSS - hormone binding genital steroids.
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Testosterone in the blood is in the form of three fractions:
- Free (1 - 2%) directly engaging in interaction with receptors of target tissues.
- In the associated with a specific globulin state, or from the USSG (35 - 75%) is a strong compound that does not have biological activity and does not have any influence on target tissue.
- In conjunction with another type of plasma protein (25 - 65%) - with albumin. This Testosterone fraction is unstable. With a lack of free hormone, the albumin associated with albumin is easily released from the compound and is able to interact with receptors of target tissues.
A hormone associated with transport protein loses its activity, but at the same time, it cannot be destroyed as a result of metabolic processes. The free and associated albumin fractions are among themselves in constant dynamic equilibrium. The number of testosterone hormone in these two fractions is called biologically accessible testosterone.
General testosterone \u003d T Free + T associated with albumin + t associated with the GSPG.
In, early stages of diseases of the test unit and others. Reducing the synthesis of genital hormones and, accordingly, the bioavailable fraction is usually the cause of an increase in the GSPG, which a certain time seeks to maintain a common testosterone in the blood. Therefore, the concentration of the latter may be paradoxically normal, while its inactive fraction prevails over a biologically accessible testosterone.
Globulin, binding sex hormones, is synthesized by hepatic cells and has high affinity with dihydrotestosterone and testosterone, due to which the USSG performs the function of regulating the equilibrium fractions by binding an excess of free testosterone. In the event of a change in the concentration of the GSPG, changes and the level of content in the blood of a biologically available hormone occur: a decrease in the concentration of the first leads to an increase in the concentration of the second and vice versa.
Excess USSG also has the ability to stimulate the processes of dividing prostate cells than contributes to the development of its benign hyperplasia (an increase in gland tissue) and increases the risk of prostate cancer. So, as a result of the Violation of the synthesis of the GSPG in the liver:
- violated activity of sex hormones and their delivery to target tissues;
- the biological function of target tissues is disturbed;
- the risk of developing hyperplasia and prostate cancer increases.
In addition, the findings of some studies indicate the direct influence of PSSG on the exchange processes of glucose in the liver, especially with a simultaneous impaired of the function of beta cells in the pancreas and producing insulin. In this regard, the decrease in the concentration of globulin in serum is considered as one of the risk factors for the development of type II diabetes.
The norm, the essence and necessity of the laboratory diagnosis of SHBG
The normal content of GSSS in the blood in men up to 70 years is 15-60 nmol / l, from 70 to 90 - to 85 nmol / l. Its concentration allows us to estimate the degree of functional activity of androgen and estrogen. Therefore, the analysis is advisable to conduct after or simultaneously with the study of the content of total testosterone in the blood. The blood test for the content of the GSPG is carried out in order to:
- Balance estimates of hormones.
- Differential diagnostics of androgen deficiency at the normal level of general testosterone.
- Diagnosis of violation of the erectile and sexual functions of a man, especially in cases of clinical data inconsistency with laboratory indicators of the level of general male sex hormone.
- Filming up the causes of fatty seborrhea, baldness, acne.
- Diagnostics causes insulin resistance during diabetes mellitus.
- Definitions of true concentration of biologically accessible testosterone.
With different physiological and pathological conditions, the concentration of SERFGRs in serum may vary. Even with a normal total testosterone of a biologically available hormone, in fact, it may not be enough to adequately functioning the organism, and with an excess of the first one, the amount of free and biologically accessible can be stored within the normal range. In this way:
- the study of only a common testosterone is not an indicator of the hormonal state of the body of a man. ;
- the implementation of the biological functioning of the body depends on the concentration of bioactive testosterone;
- an objective assessment of the androgen state is possible with a comprehensive definition of all testosterone fractions.
The results of the analysis on the GSPG are used to calculate. It is equal to the percentage of the total testosterone and the GSPG (common T: GSPG x 100%) and normally represents at least 50%. Men is important only a decline Isa. It happens:
- with insufficient function of testicular and development;
- with chronic prostatitis;
- in old age.
Laboratory study of the concentration of free testosterone is a technically complex procedure. There is, in which the content of albumin in the blood is a permanent value (if other data is not obtained using laboratory analysis), equal to - 4.3 g / dl, SHBG concentrations and total testosterone - data of laboratory tests.
Causes of changes in the concentration of GSPG in the blood
The change in the blood concentration of the GSPG leads to dysfunction of sex hormones, but it itself, in turn, occurs at various pathological conditions.
Table 1 - Factors affecting the concentration of GSPG in the blood plasma (V. J. Marshall, 2000)
Therapy
PSSU is one of the laboratory data used in the differential diagnosis of various pathological conditions. This is not a hormone, and therefore replacement therapy when it is reduced or suppressed by the synthesis of this globulin, when its concentration is exceeded. However, it can be carried out with the clinical picture of androgen deficiency, including on the background of increasing the GSPG.
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