Mushroom umbrella Motley: Features and methods of growing. Mushroom umbrella: edible and poisonous types of umbrella ordinary mushroom

The edible mushroom umbrella, according to many experienced mushrooms, is one of the most delicious and useful representatives of the fungal kingdom. Umbrellas belong to the family of champignon. Unfortunately, they do not use very popular in our country, which is due to their similarity with some kinds of deadly poisonous fungi.

Botanical description

In forest arrays, there are quite often a great representatives of this species, resembling gigantic umbrellas, built into the characteristic "Witch Circle".

These achieve a height of 0.35-0.45 m, and the diameter of the cap reaches 0.25-0.35 m. In young copies, the plates are clenate close to the leg, with age, they go into a horizontal location. Presentation of umbrellas A lot, the main are presented in the table.

Photo Gallery

In the majority edible mushroomsgrowing on the territory of our country, there are poisonous twins, and an umbrella view is not an exception in this regard. The false or intolerable mushroom umbrella is represented by two main varieties:

• chlorophyllum leader (chlorophylum molybdites);
• chlorophyllum Brunneum (Chlorophylum Brunneum).

Both types due to the soil-climatic features of our country were not widespread in Russia and are found primarily in America, Eurasia, Australia and Africa.

Mushroom umbrella: Features of the collection (video)

Many inexperienced mushrooms confuse Macrolepiota with mugs . However, these two species are easily distinguished by the following signs:

• the presence of a three-layer ring on the Paul Macrolepiota, which can be easily shifted both up and down;
• umbrellas are completely absent on the leg, the remains of the bedspread;
• amanitors have a smooth and shiny hat, and a matte surface is typical for Macrolepiota.

Edible umbrellas are characterized by severe skin cracking, but in the central part it always remains the whole.

Distribution area

The umbrella refers to the category of Saprotrofov and prefers sandy soils in light forests. It is often quite common in the glades and forest edges, and also feels well on forest beams or cutting. IN separate years can meet in open areas, in lately It becomes a frequent guest of the forest parking areas and household plots. It grows best in moderate climatic conditions.

Fruption comes from the beginning of the summer until the middle of the autumn. Gribonic or small groups grows. The view is inclined to the formation of "widen circles".

Methods of cooking

Prepare dishes from Macrolepiota is very simple. These mushrooms are suitable for cooking soups, very tasty and nutritious second dishes, cold snacks.

Cook the fragrant soup from umbrellas die even novice hostess:

• rinse and dunk mushrooms for a couple of hours in cold and salted water;
• rinse mushrooms again and cut into small pieces;
• cut onions and potatoes;
• purified carrot grate on a large grater;
• pass on a vegetable oil onions with carrots until readiness;
• mushrooms pour water, bring to a boil and cook for 20-25 minutes;
• add to potato soup, and in 15 minutes add Passerovka and spices and cook until readiness.

Mushroom soup should be served with fresh greens and fresh sour cream.

Unique fungal aroma and gentle taste have baked umbrellas that are prepared according to the following recipe:

• carefully clean and rinse mushrooms, remove completely legs;
• in the blender, beat eggs with salt and crushed garlic;
• to dip in the egg mass of the mushroom hats and cut into breadcrumbs.

The resulting mushroom blanks can be baked in the oven or fry on a hot frying pan before obtaining a golden crust. You can use such a dish not only hot, but in cold form.

The umbrella mushroom is one of the most delicious representatives of the fungal kingdom. It is considered one of the varieties of champignons, although it differs from them and appearance, and to taste. It refers to a group of saprophites, that is, those that grow on decomposing organic residues. This mushroom is distributed throughout the world, and in our country there are five types of its varieties.

Despite such features, many mushrooms do not take it. Maybe because the mushroom is an edible umbrella look like an amansor? But those who know the mushrooms with pleasure, young umbrellas are gathered, which every year grow in one place. Those who want to try the pleasant nuttry taste of this mushroom, you need to know how to distinguish it from poisonous, where it grows and how to cook it.

Characteristic of umbrellas

Why did this mushroom be called? It will become clear when you see old mushrooms. If their hat is reminiscent of the egg, then with age it is revealed and becomes like an umbrella: flat, often with a small tuberculk in the middle, on a long thin leg. Even sizes, this mushroom is not inferior to the umbrella, though childish. It grows up to 40 centimeters high, the hat is usually 25-30 centimeters in diameter. You need to know that the umbrella mushroom is only at a young age. It grows from the end of July to the cold. Usually every year appears in the same place.

Therefore, experienced mushrooms after warm summer rains are sent to a quiet hunt. Since this mushroom belongs to saprophits, he loves rich in soil and occurs most often in pastures, fields or along roads. In the forest, the mushroom umbrella chooses places where a lot of fallen foliage, branches and other vegetable garbage.

How to distinguish an umbrella from poisonous fungi?

Many mushrooms fear to take this delicious saprofit, because externally, he resembles an amicer. He also has a "skirt" and specks on a hat. But still there are a lot of differences too:

• the three-layer ring on the leg of the umbrella is easily shifted up and down;
• at the edible mushroom there is no residue covered on the leg, like poisonous;
• a mumor has a smooth and shiny hat, and the umbrella - matte;
• crapins have a rare moon, and the umbrella appear with age, as if the skin cracks, and the central part remains smooth.

But the danger of collecting these mushrooms is also that there is a mushroom umbrella to poisonous. They are also a few species. Some cause just a stomach disorder, but some are fatally poisonous. Therefore, you need to know their signs.

Mushroom umbrella poisonous

Scientific name of the mushroom umbrella - macrolepiot. It's clear that he is very big sizeAfter all, "Macro" is "big, large." But there are still in our forests and smaller umbrellas, which are called simply lepiotami. The most common ones are a lilap and grained lepiot. They need to know well because they are inedible. What signs have a poisonous umbrella?

1. The most important thing is that distinguishes it from edible - small size. The diameter of the adult mushroom cap is usually 2-6 centimeters, the maximum, which it can achieve, is 12 centimeters.
2. All Lepioti looks like amansor in that the hat is decorated with the remains of the bedspread, which the little fungus climbed when he climbed out of the ground.
3. Poisonous umbrellas smelling unpleasant.

Rules for collecting and consuming fungi

Types of umbrellas

In our forests, five species of these mushrooms are common:

• white umbrella;
• red
• motley;
• and very rare viewbrought into the Red Book - Girl's Umbrella.

About them characteristic features It can be guessed by the name, but the most common mushrooms better know well to not be mistaken when collecting.

Mushroom Umbrella Pepling

This lamellar mushroom is very common in our forests. He is actively fruitful in August-September, but individual specimens can be found in July, and in October. These mushrooms grow in groups, in the same place every year. Hat mushroom egg-shaped, edges bent inside and connected by bedspread. With age, it is revealed and becomes flat with a small tubercle in the middle, reaching the size of 25-30 cm.

Surface hats dry, brownish or gray. It is covered with brown scales, which are moving along the edges in white flakes. The flesh is applied, with a pleasant nut odor. Plates are white, brittle, with age a little pinkish. Straight leg, thin, slightly expanding book, hollow inside. Upstairs there is a movable ring. It is brown in color, with age cracks. Mushroom umbrella Polyny is considered the most delicious representative of this species. It is fry, salted and even dried. And in France, he is valued as a delicacy. Only young mushroom caps are used. Sometimes this species reaches huge sizes - up to 50 centimeters in diameter. Then it is called "Great Umbrella". But there are such copies rarely.

White umbrellas

These mushrooms grow mainly in the field, along the roads, in the meadows and pastures. You can meet them on the lawns in the parks and at the goggles, as they prefer well-lit place lit by the sun. They are more common than motley varieties, but also edible and tasty. Mushroom umbrella white has quite small dimensions. The hat grows only to 10 centimeters in the opened state. But in food you can use only young ovoid mushrooms. The leg is very thin, with a small thickening at the base and the lubric ring at the top. From the inedible fellow, it can be distinguished by pleasant smell and always white pulp and plates.

Umbrella Devichy

In some books, it is not related to this family, but to champignons. Mushroom umbrella Giroby is very tasty, but it is quite rare, even listed in the Red Book. It is distributed mainly in the south of Europe or in the Primorsky Territory. How to recognize it? Like all umbrellas, the hat first has an ovoid shape, with age is revealed, but does not grow to a large size - an average of 6-10 centimeters. The color of her light-nut, often almost white, darker in the middle. The edges of the hats are thin, fringe. The color of the pulp is white, and the plates are bit darker when touched. The entire surface is covered with large scales, which over time acquire a darker color. The leg is very thin, expanding to the base, light color.

Mushroom umbrella red

This kind is similar to the motley and large umbrellas, but has some features. Sometimes it is called shaggy because of its large flakes of flakes brown color and square shape. This is a medium-sized umbrella - there are about 20 centimeters in diameter. And the leg can grow up to 25 centimeters. The appearance of him, like all umbrellas: at the beginning, the egg-shaped hat, then it opens, there is thickening at the base of the leg and a movable ring. The feature of it is a reddish color that appears with age and the fact that the pulp when damaged changes the color: first becomes yellow, then - orange and finally blushes. This mushroom is found in bright coniferous forests with acidic soils.

How to cook umbrellas?

This is one of the most delicious mushrooms, and cook it is very simple. Umbrellas can be frying immediately, previously cleaned and flushing under flowing water.

They are very tasty with potatoes and onions or simply roasted on sunflower oil. An unusual dish is obtained if baked umbrellas in the oven with greens and garlic. Gourmet will like it, if you soak the gibbs in milk for a few hours before hot, and then boil a little and give water to the water. You can boil from umbrellas soup, salt them, dry and marine. They prepare very quickly, the only condition is to eat only young caps. The legs do not eat, as they are very tough and fibrous. The old umbrella the flesh becomes unsuitable in food. Once having tried this delicious mushroom, you will never forget his pleasant and unusual nut taste.

Mubles lovers many, but not everyone knows how to collect them. Many pass by such delicious mushroom, collecting conditionally edible.

Among little-known mushrooms there is a very exotic - umbrella umbrella. This species includes three varieties: the umbrella is white, motley and red. All of them belong to the Saprotrofam, grow at the same time, appear in the same places. The umbrella mushroom striking the imagination with its size, on spacious solar edges it reaches unprecedented sizes: the diameter of the Hats 50-60 cm, the height of the legs is 40-45 cm. It seems strange that these instances are edible.

Umbrella - mushroom (photo above), which refers to 4 categories. Although few of the mushrooms will disappear to collect these giants because of their similarities with mumers and cruel. The lamellar fruit body has a hat on an average of 15-25 cm in diameter, but it happens much more. In young mushrooms, it is always an egg-shaped, convex, then straightens, becoming similar to the umbrella. Hat has a kind of tubercle in the center. Large scales of brown color remain in an adult fruit body over the entire mushroom surface. The edges are slightly dried down, have a fringe. Very specific pursuant to the idea that this species can not be edible. Giant sizes and unusual appearance are more reminiscent of amanita and custody.

However, the younger mushroom umbrella edible, it is safer and tastier in the flesh, its loose, white, very dense, in old individuals - cotton, but with a pleasant aroma and characteristic mushroom taste.

The leg is very long, brown, in diameter 2-3 cm, up to 30-50 cm high. At the point of contact with the ground, always thickened. The surface of the scaly, the flesh is rigid, because of what legs are often rejected when processing. On the body there is a ring that can be easily moved up and down, as it is attached free. The characteristic "snake" or the scaly pattern is only in edible umbrellas, and there are no poisonous analogues - this is the main distinctive feature.

You can find mushrooms umbrellas edibles in the whole globe. Their distribution is so wide that almost any deciduous or boasts by these giants. You can also find them on the fields, meadows, in park areas. The fruit bodies appear in the midst of summer and grow to the end of September, especially resistant to easily experience the October frosts, however, losing their beautiful appearance. You can see them in the glades, edges, along the roads and even in garden sites. In well-lit places can form an impressive colonies, the so-called "witch rings".

Mushroom umbrella edible usually do not harvest the future, it is good in boiled and fried, but it is not suitable for conservation. At the same time, especially large copies take only hats to prepare dishes. When choosing them, you need to be extremely attentive. As soon as the umbrella hat is completely revealed, the mushroom becomes unsuitable for use.

The mushroom "umbrella" refers to the genus of champignons, but absolutely not similar to them with its exotic appearance, or rather, an extraordinary shape with a hat, which in shape resembles an umbrella. In our forests, you can find "umbrellas" edible and poisonous. Due to the excellent taste, they are suitable for use in food varieties are highly valued among experienced mushrooms. Grow almost all over the globe in mixed and deciduous forests, are less common in parks and in the meadows.

In the forests, they grow in areas where there are clusters of leaves or branches. The largest mushrooms can grow up to several dozen centimeters in length.

Edible grades of the mushroom "umbrella"

Poisonous varieties

1. Great umbrella or "Scappy" ("lepiota comb"). External species This mushroom reminds edible motley and red umbrellas, but in contrast to his fellow he is poisonous. When eating, it provokes poisoning, typical symptoms of intoxication - severe vomiting, cramps, cutting in intestines, diarrhea and headache.

White hat, less rare, beige or pinkish, but over time it takes the brown shade. Its dimensions are small, the surface is covered with a variety of brown plates. The fungus can be recognized according to the characteristic growths on its outer side, forming a plurality of scales, which are similar to scallops.

The leg is thin and short, yellow or reddish, has a fibrous structure. In the middle of the legs, young mushrooms have a thickening in the form of a ring, but over time it disappears. One more distinctive feature Grebekhlya umbrella is its rotten unpleasant odor.

It grows from July to October, growing in the fields, in the thickets of nettle, on the side of the road, in the fields and meadows, is often found in parks and squares in cities.

2. Lepiota poisonous(brown-red or chestnut)

Another intolerable grade of umbrellas, Lepiot is considered deadly poisonous.

Her hat has a small size, a gray-red shade, covered with circles consisting of dark brown scales. On its inner side, many thin yellowish plates, which highlight poisonous disputes, toxic to humans.

The leg of a cylindrical shape, pinkish shade, sometimes brown, without thickening.

Lepiota poisoning symptoms appear after a few minutes after eating it into food. The mushroom is extremely dangerous by what can cause the heart stop and even the death of the victim. Grows in the forests of mixed, deciduous and conifer type, less often on the meadows and dumart sites. Fruit from July to the end of October.

Viewing detailed descriptionWhat a mushroom "umbrella", photos, edible and poisonous species look like, you can make a clear idea of \u200b\u200bthese rather unusual families.

Walking through forest paths, you can find large white mushrooms on high legs. Their name is a mushroom umbrella. Some mushrooms do not cut these mushrooms, preferring to them with her husband, rhybers, butter and stabber. Other glads find, which immediately sent to the basket. Do not everyone know that the mushroom umbrella is edible and can serve as the basis for the preparation of original and delicious dishes.

Mushroom - special food Product. It adds a special original note in the dish, the fragrance of the forest and the benefit of natural food. To extract the maximum benefit, mushrooms need to cut only acquaintances and do it away from dusty roads and trails. Poisonous mushrooms Often look very attractive and disguised as edible, it is better to return home with a blank basket than to endanger life.

To clarify how the umbrella mushroom looks like, we will deal in more detail with this question. There are several types of fungus and all of them have different external description.

Mushroom umbrella Red, another name - mushroom umbrella shaggy. This species has a large fleece hat to 20 cm in diameter. The surface color is non-uniform: darker gray-brown in the center, whitening along the edges. On the hat are classified pronounced scales. The length of the leg can reach 25 cm, it is hollow and smooth. Young mushrooms have a white leg, old - white. If you press on the plates, you can notice the color change to the red-orange.

Mushroom umbrella girl. This is a rare trophy that requires a gentle relationship. It is difficult to see in nature enough, it is possible to obtain an external representation in a photo (Fig. 1). The fungus itself is distinguished by a beautiful rounded hat: frequent scales of gentle-nut color give it a special appeal. In size it is small: a hat up to 10 cm, the leg is about 12 cm. Plates are often free with a smooth edge. The experienced mushrooms claim that if you cook the hats with an egg, then the description of the taste of dishes is reminded by a chicken.

Chestnut - poisonous mushroom umbrella. It is small, the hat is not larger than 4 cm (Fig. 2). The young fungus hat resembles an egg shaped, subsequently it grips and becomes flat with a tuberculk in the center. Description of scales: bright, brown-chestnuts. The leg is thin, hollow, chestnut hue. Chestnut umbrellas grow families and are common in the forests of the middle strip of Russia. These little bright fungi are deadly poisonous.

The umbrella is motley. Such an umbrella is difficult not to notice and pass by: it is large (Fig.3). The diameter of the Hats reaches 38 cm, on a white background, gray-brownish fibrous flakes are formed. A shape of a hat. A bowl of a young mushroom opens into a cone with age. In the center there is a dark tubercle, and the edges bend inside. Base - a leg of a brown color with a ring of small scheels. The flesh is loose with a specific pronounced aroma. The umbrella is large in taste quality approaching champignons.

1. Cut umbrellas carefully, flipped upside down, so that the earth and sand will not get into the plates.
2. The leg is very tough and for food is not sure, it is twisted and left in the forest.
3. In the basket, the caps put one on the other, without turning over.
4. The most delicious - young umbrellas with closed hats.
5. If you doubt the mushroom - do not take, poisonous specimens are life-threatening and cause irreversible changes in the body.
6. The sand and particles of the Earth blown or shake.

How to eat mushroom umbrellas?

After making sure the umbrellas detected in the forest - edible mushrooms, you can boldly cut down and use for cooking. The contents of basket are carefully moved and get rid of everything dubious. Next washed and cleaned from scales. The legs are often cut and preparing exclusively caps. The taste of these fungi perfectly harmonizes next products: potatoes, garlic, onions, vegetable oil, pepper, cheese, eggs and pork. Some use mushroom-umbrellas in fresh form without thermal processing, they are added to vegetable salads, eat with vegetable oil and a bounte.

Mushroom umbrellas are very horrible. You need to be prepared for the fact that a huge basket of forest trophies after the horror will turn into a small portion. It is better to take young closed heads that are cut and roasted on the heated vegetable oil before evaporating the excess moisture. Next, add onions, salt, pepper and prepare about 45 minutes.

One of the delicacious dishes are umbrellas in the batter. Properly cooked fungus is very tasty. Eggs are vigorously whipped, ground crumbs and flour, salt, pepper and pick up the prepared caps are added. Heat a lot vegetable oil In a frying pan from cast iron and put the heads-caps. Beautiful golden brown and resistant fragrance - a sign of dish performance.

You can prepare mushroom umbrellas with salty cakes, resulting in a dish-sauce. Young hats-heads are washed with water and cut into small pieces. Stewed without oil with a spicker, salt and spices before evaporation of excess liquid. Then add water and cream mixtures with ketchup (the ratio of the ingredients 1: 3). Stew over 15 minutes, stirring. Marinated cucumbers are added to the dish in front of the feed itself. Such a sauce will add the exquisite taste to pasta, potatoes, or buckwheat. These mushrooms do not require long-term cooking, dishes are made quickly.

From forest umbrellas you can easily prepare a delicious and fragrant soup. Water is solid and soaked in it a forest trophy for a couple of hours. Then washed and cut into pieces. Potatoes, carrot and onions cut into pieces. Make junk and carrots on sunflower oil. Mushrooms are boiled for 20 minutes. First, potatoes are added, after 15 minutes - it is fried and greens. The soup is used with a fatty sour cream and fresh bun. The fragrance of this dish will collect all homely at the kitchen table.

Billets from mushrooms umbrellas for the winter

How nice in the frosty winter evening gather a family with warm potatoes, crispy cucumbers and a plate with pickled darities of the forest - mushrooms. Mushrooms from cans are also used for stuffing pizzas, pies and pies. Description of cooking is quite simple and this billet is at the very beginning of a beginner hostess.

Clean mushrooms are poured with running water and bring to a boil. After boiling, a salt is added and boiled another 40 minutes. Loose on the colander and washed under clean water. PREPARE MARINAD SOLUTION: 1 liter of water takes 2 tbsp. l. Sugar and salt, 1 bay leaf, 2-3 carnations and several black pepper peas. After boiling to the marinada add 8 tbsp. l. 9% acetic acid solution. Mushrooms are laying out in boiling marinade and boil all together for about 20 minutes. At this time, banks are prepared: wash with soda, sterilize. The fungi is decompressed into the container, poured brine and closed hermetically. Banks turn over and leave at room temperature until complete cooling. This workpiece is perfectly stored in a cool dark place: it can be a cellar or ordinary refrigerator.

You can prepare friction mushrooms. After cooking, they are laid out along sterile jars and hide in the refrigerator. Such a workpiece perfectly complement the taste of boiled potatoes. And if you add fresh greenery and home sour cream to the dish, then this disbursement will allow the hostess to collect a bouquet of compliments to her skill.

Mushroom umbrellas can be knocked. Such mushrooms are subsequently used to prepare sauces and soups, their expiration date is approaching 1 year.

Terms and methods of storage

Clean, dry mushrooms from the forest before recycling can be left in the refrigerator for 24-48 hours. The packaging should be open and not to prevent access of oxygen. If the umbrellas are rinsed, suspend with salt and put under the oppression, then in this form they can be stored up to 1 month. The forest trophy can be frozen in the freezer and enjoy the taste of fresh mushrooms 4-6 months. Marinated and dried fungi need to be fascinated during the year.

What is the benefit of umbrella mushrooms for the body?

Mushrooms are a special kingdom of dispute. They differ from typical plants: do not have roots, branches and stems, multiply with a single cell-dispute. Their function is to maintain the cycle of substances in nature, to maintain life, they need decomposing organic matter. And what are they useful for the human body?

Umbrellas are rich in minerals that are necessary for the healthy functioning of the human body. They have potassium, sodium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium. Each trace element is important and plays a specific role. For example, magnesium is part of enzymes that regulate carbohydrate metabolism and energy release from ATP molecules. Magnesium takes part in the contraction of the muscles, its lack may contribute to the development of regular cramps and problems with the functioning of the nervous system.

Magnesium deficit provokes:

• nervousness;
• disorders in the intestine with frequent constipation;
• increase pressure;
• depression.

In addition to proteins, fats, carbohydrates and microelements, in such mushrooms there are fatty acids, Vitamins B2, B6, B9, K, C and E and Hitin. The umbrella is rich in unsaturated fats: palmitic, stearin and oil acids.

Umbrellas can be used in diet nutrition: They are perfectly saturated and quenched feeling hunger, and their caloric content is minimal. Dishes from umbrellas help throw off excess weightas they have low glycemic index. Mushrooms contribute to healthy digestion, stimulate intestinal peristalsis and generation of enzymes. The prophylactic effect of forest umbrellas on the reproduction of atypical cells, which cause oncological processes in organs and tissues, is clinically proven. The active ingredients of fungi have a beneficial effect on blood: purify it, normalize blood circulation, reduce the level of sugar and cholesterol, activate the cellular immunity and the work of enzymes.

Mushroom-umbrellas prepare healing infusions and medicinal hoods. They are used externally when goug, rheumatism, problems with the work of the stomach, malignant and benign processes. Mushrooms dried and tolten to powder condition. Powder is treated purulent woundsSurrounding ulcers are used to disinfect indoor air. If you finely cut the hat with a fresh umbrella, stirring it with sour cream and impose on the face, then the anti-refective, rejuvenating, toning and nutritious effect is provided. Effective masks With an umbrella can be applied to 2 times a week.

Who can eat umbrellas to eat?

In some diseases, the use of umbrellas to food is contraindicated. These diseases include: hepatitis, cirrhosis, pancreatitis, cholecystitis, enteritis. These fungi are not prepared for children under 5 years old and do not treat women during breastfeeding. Mushrooms are heavy food, they are desirable to eat them in the first half of the day in small portions. If after eating mushrooms in food, you felt nausea and sharp abdominal pain, urgently call the doctor.

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