Didactic toys with their own hands. Handmade game aids. Do-it-yourself equipment for role-playing games

Didactic games are a kind of games for the purpose of teaching and educating children. Didactic games are specially created by teachers for teaching children. They are aimed at solving specific problems of teaching children, but at the same time, they show educational and developmental influence. gaming activity. This is one of the active learning methods for preschoolers and students. elementary school, and this is no coincidence. The child will not sit and listen to a boring lecture or report, he will not remember anything, because he is not interested. The child loves to play. Therefore, pedagogy combined the pleasant with the useful, playing didactic games The child is learning without knowing it. He is interested. He remembers. Lots of didactic games different topics we offer educators and teachers primary school, as well as parents on the 7guru website.

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I work in a group with children with hearing impairments. These kids, due to the underlying disease, have great difficulty making contact with adults, they do not have experience in practical communication with peers. Most hearing-impaired children have impairments in the formation of fine motor skills and hand-eye coordination. The movements of their hands are often awkward and inconsistent, the leading hand does not stand out, the ability to simultaneously operate with both hands at once is impaired. For example, a child cannot hold the base of a pyramid with one hand, and string a ring on a rod with the other, etc.

Great difficulties arise in deaf children when distinguishing many color shades, because. they usually do not know the corresponding speech designations. Our main task, as teachers of correctional groups, is to form search methods of orientation in children with hearing impairments when performing a task proposed by an adult. To solve it, we use games and exercises in which preschoolers act through trials and experimentation. These games develop children's attention to the properties and relationships of objects, the ability to take these properties into account in practical actions. In the future, this improves visual perception. We make most of the games with our own hands. In interaction with children, we use didactic games both during frontal, subgroup, and during individual work with pupils. By the end of preschool age, most of the children with hearing impairments, who are from 2-3 years old in special correctional children's institutions, reach a level of development of visual perception that is close to normal.

I present to my colleagues DIY games, aimed at forming in children 3-6 years old ideas about the color, shape, size of objects, at developing their ways of perceiving a holistic image of an object, improving fine motor skills, training attention, memory and thinking.

Game examples:

The game "Tanya's Doll Room"

Game "Find a Pair"

Game "Houses for balls"

Game "Assemble the pyramid"

Game "Vegetables - fruits"

Big and small game

The game "Split by color"

Game "Loop"

Game "Collect the picture"

Lacing game

Game "Sweet Berries"

Game "Collect the beads"

The game "Cut pictures"

The game "Colorful peas"

The game "Colorful sticks"

The game "Tanya's Doll Room"

Target. To teach children to perform simple play actions with a doll, to introduce the names of furniture. To teach children to compare the results of a visual and tactile examination of the shape of an object. Cultivate respect for toys and supplies.

Equipment. Doll's house with furniture, plaques.

Dictionary. House, doll sits, stands, lies, sleeps, table, chair, sofa, bed, closet, window, mirror, lamp.

Game progress.

The teacher brings in the doll's house and, together with the children, examines the decor of the room. An adult shows the furniture and signs to it, demonstrating the names of the furnishings. Next, the teacher draws the attention of the children to the mistress of the room - the doll Tanya, shows how she meets the guests. The teacher reproduces simple game actions with dolls. After that, the children are invited to play on their own.

Then the adult collects the signs and invites two children to find a place for the signs. The winner is the one who completes the task without errors.

Notes. Take a large shoe box and cover it with wallpaper, this will be the basis of the doll's house. Use scrap material to make furniture and household items. Dishes and vases can be made from foil.

Game "Find a Pair"

Target. Learn to select objects of different proportions according to the model, consolidate knowledge of the main colors of the spectrum, develop attention, memory.

Equipment. Images of scarves and mittens made of cardboard in different colors.

Dictionary. Scarf, mittens,

Game progress.

The teacher introduces dolls in multi-colored hats into the group and invites the children to pick up mittens and scarves of the same color for them. Flat images of scarves and mittens are scattered on the table. The dolls are seated on chairs around the table. The teacher shows the children how to pick up warm clothes for dolls. Then he offers to complete the task on his own, dressing his doll. Several people can take part in the game. Then the task is completed at speed, who will be the first to assemble a kit for his doll.

Game "Houses for balls"

Target. To teach children to compare circles in size, to find identical objects (such - not such), to exercise in matching objects by color, to encourage them to focus on two signs at the same time (color and size), distracting from the third (shape).

Equipment. Cardboard frame insert with slots for large and small circles in four colors, cardboard circles matching the slots in shape and color.

Dictionary. Ball, big, small, blue, red, green, yellow.

Game progress.

The teacher puts frames with slots and circles inserted in front of the players. These are ball boxes. Balls big and small, different colors. Each ball is in its own house. An adult examines objects, compares them, explains. Then the teacher “awkwardly” turns the box, the circles fall and crumble. Children are invited to collect the balls in their houses. The player who collects his frame first wins.

The game continues several times with a change of participants.

Notes. The equipment is made according to the principle of the previous game.

Game "Assemble the pyramid"

Target. To consolidate in children the ability to establish the ratio between several objects in size when collecting a pyramid, to correlate the size of the slot and the tab.

Equipment. Board with slots for inserting ovals of various sizes; cardboard ovals, corresponding in size to the slots.

Dictionary. Big, small, blue, red, green, yellow.

Game progress.

A teacher with two children examines a sample of a pyramid with slots, takes one insert (oval) at a time, finds a slot of the required size for the insert and inserts the oval into the cell. The children are then asked to complete the task on their own. In case of difficulty, the teacher again shows a pattern of action. The game continues until the full collection of the pyramid. Then the children are invited to complete the task on their own from beginning to end.

The player who collects the pyramid first wins.

Notes. Cut out ovals from cardboard. You will get a pyramid stencil, which should be glued to a solid base. Paint the cut out ovals in the main colors and coat with a water-based varnish for durability.

Game "Vegetables - fruits"

Target. To teach children to lay out toy vegetables and fruits on plates, taking into account the color, shape, name; match the number of items with the number. Exercise in highlighting the number of items on the plate. To form ideas about the concepts of "Vegetables", "Fruits".

Equipment. Two plastic plates, numbers from 1 to 5, toy vegetables.

Dictionary.Apple, pear, tomato, carrot, orange, vegetables, fruits, red, green, yellow.

Game progress.

1 option.

The teacher shows real vegetables and fruits, then compares them with soft crafts - toys, clarifies the names (showing the plates). The teacher lays out all the vegetables and fruits in front of the child sitting opposite and gives the task: for example, put all the round ones, or all the red vegetables, or all the apples, etc. on a plate. The rest of the kids are watching him. Then each participant receives a plate and the task is to put all the round vegetables and fruits (etc.) on the plate. The one who completes the task first wins.

Option 2.

An adult shows the child the number 1 and asks to put the same number of carrots (cucumbers, etc.) on the plate. If the child finds it difficult, then the teacher helps him, laying it out with his hand, counts with the child, using the tablets. If the child coped well with the task, then it can be complicated, for example: "Put 2 cucumbers and 3 oranges."

Then each participant in the game is given the task of putting as many vegetables on the plate as the number indicates by the adult. The one who completes the task first wins.

Notes. Vegetables and fruits can be sewn from colored oilcloth using old rubber rings and toys. These items must be tightly stuffed with cotton wool or padding polyester, trying to give them a similar shape.

Big and small game

Target. Teach children to distinguish objects by size; form ideas about the relative size of objects. Learn to arrange three or four objects in descending order of magnitude. Learn to dismember the image of an object into its component parts and recreate a complex shape from parts.

Equipment. Cards with the image of a large object, small objects (whole), parts of a large object.

Dictionary. Large, smaller, small, names of objects and toys.

Game progress.

1) The teacher lays out large cards, gives the child one small object each. The child should not only recognize the object, but correlate the images of objects by size. After that, the result is fixed in the word, a graphic plate is given - “big”, “small”.

2) The teacher gives the child one card with an image of an object and an object of the same size, cut into pieces. An adult offers to assemble a whole object from parts by superimposing parts on a picture - a sample.

After an initial acquaintance with the equipment, you can conduct a competition game between 2 - 3 children “Who will collect the picture faster” or “Who will be the first to arrange the pictures from largest to smallest”.

Notes. As images, you can use pictures from the Internet or old postcards. For strength, it is advisable to roll up all small parts in a film or varnish.

The game "Split by color"

Target. Continue to introduce children to the six colors of the spectrum and their names. Learn to compare objects by color by applying them to each other. Develop visual perception, fine motor skills.

Equipment. Box with multi-colored recesses, inserts of the corresponding color, bags according to the number of participants.

Dictionary. The names of the colors of the spectrum.

Game progress.

The teacher brings in a box and bags with the same number of multi-colored inserts. Children take turns taking out the liners from their bag, examine them and find a cell of the same color in the box. Each insert falls into its own cell. In case of an incorrect choice, the player skips a turn. The winner is the one who runs out of inserts earlier than the others.

Notes. The basis for the game is a candy box with round cells. Divide the cells into sectors by color. Glue a label of colored self-adhesive paper to the bottom of each cell. As an insert, use a plastic capsule from chocolate eggs, painting it with paint.

Game "Loop"

Target. To teach children to combine a loop with a clothes hook, to act sequentially, matching pairs to the indicated items.

Equipment. Wall panel with hooks, paired items equipped with eyelets.

Dictionary.Give, take, hang.

Game progress.

The teacher hangs one object on the hook of the wall panel. Suggests those who wish to find a pair and hang the same item nearby. The same happens with the second pair of objects, so to the end. Then the children are offered to complete the task on their own, competing with their peers. The first child to complete the task wins.

Notes. I made objects with a loop from fabric. They are soft and pleasant to the touch.

Game "Collect the picture"

Target. To teach children to highlight the shape of an object, distracting from its other features: colors, sizes, to teach to compose an image of an object from separate parts, to correlate the image of a representation with a holistic image of a real object, to act by applying.

Equipment. Cards with the image of simple familiar objects, parts of objects corresponding to the images on the cards.

Dictionary. Collect a picture, help, names of objects.

Game progress.

One card is placed on the table in front of the players. The teacher invites the participants to consider and assemble a picture from separate parts. At the first stage, children can put parts of the subject on the card. Later, you can complicate the task: lay out a picture on the table, holding a card - a sample in front of you. The first child to complete the task wins.

Lacing game

Target. To teach children to thread braid into holes to imitate the actions of an adult; continue to develop the movements of small muscle groups of the arm, the purposefulness of actions; create a positive emotional attitude to the task; to form visual-motor coordination and a sense of perception of space.

Equipment. Fibreboard boards with images of fairy-tale characters, animals, funny people with holes for lacing.

Dictionary. Path, rope, cord, names of toys and names of fairy-tale characters.

Game progress.

The teacher examines the pictures with the children:

1) Hares live in houses. They want to get home, but there are no paths for movement.

2) The children want to go down the mountain, but there is no ramp.

3) The boy is fishing, but his rod has no line.

4) It's raining, bunny hid under the mushroom.

5) The boy carries the balloons home. There are no balls without a rope and there is no path to the house.

An adult invites the participants in the game to help the characters by completing the pictures with the missing images made using cords. The teacher explains how to do this, threads the end of the rope into the hole: “So we got a path to the house and a good fishing line to the fishing rod, strings were tied to the balls”; "The rain is falling next to the fungus, the bunny is not wet." The teacher draws attention to the fact that the rain is falling from top to bottom - and each rope is pulled into its slots, they all fit side by side. Children complete the task according to the model. When in difficulty, an adult helps them.

Subsequently, you can offer the children two identical pictures for a competition in threading the lacing. The first child to complete the task wins.

Notes. The plot of the picture placed on the tablet can be anything. For the manufacture of tablets, it is necessary to cut identical rectangles from fiberboard and paste over them with a film of any color. Mark with a pencil a place for future holes. Drill holes with a drill. Glue the characters on the base. White shoe laces can be used as ropes for threading.

Game "Sweet Berries"

Target. To teach children to choose colors according to the model, to develop visual perception, fine motor skills, to maintain an emotionally positive attitude of children to playing together.

Equipment. Trays of primary colors - 4 pcs., images of fruits and berries made of cardboard of the same colors - 10 pcs. each color.

Dictionary.Blue, red, green, yellow.

Game progress.

The teacher brings in planar images of fruits, examines them with children, pays attention to color. He lays out the trays on the table in front of the players. Then he invites the players, on a signal, to select images of berries and fruits of the same color as the tray. Gooseberries on a green tray, cherries on a red one, plums on a blue one, apples on a yellow one.

Notes. Trays, fruits and berries are made of cardboard, painted and varnished for durability.

Game "Collect the beads"

Target. Develop correlative actions, coordination of actions of both hands, emotional attitude to the result of their activities. Encourage children to group objects by color.

Equipment. Colored ropes and rings of primary colors.

Dictionary. Beads, rope, doll, blue, red, green, yellow.

Game progress.

The teacher brings dolls that are going to the holiday. Children are explained that dolls need jewelry - beads. The teacher shows the beads, puts on (trying on) the dolls in turn, but there are not enough of them for everyone. What to do? The dolls are upset. The teacher brings a box with rings and ropes. The children are offered a task: to collect rings of the same color on a rope (red rope - red rings, blue rope - blue rings, etc.). The ends of the ropes are connected by the teacher. Multi-colored beads are put on dolls. They rejoice and dance.

The first child to complete the task of the teacher wins.

Notes. Multi-colored ropes can be made by choosing colored laces or dyeing white laces. The bones of large bills will be excellent beads. Paint them with paint of four primary colors, let dry and you can collect multi-colored beads.

The game "Cut pictures"

Target. To form in children ideas about a holistic image of an object, to teach to correlate the image of a representation with a holistic image of a real object, to put together a picture cut into 4 parts.

Equipment. Split pictures from 4 parts. Items and toys that match the images in the pictures.

Dictionary. Collect, apple, ball, tumbler, matryoshka.

Game progress.

In front of the children on the table are split pictures depicting a familiar object (apple, tumbler, ball, etc.). Children participating in the game are invited to fold the picture from the parts so that the whole object is obtained. At the end of the task, the children are offered to choose and correlate two objects (for example: a car and a tumbler), which they compare with the image.

The child who collects the cut picture first wins.

The game "Colorful peas"

Target. To teach children to compare objects by color, choose circles (peas) of one or two colors from the total mass of objects, laying them out in baskets with the appropriate label.

Equipment. Two baskets made of colored cardboard, circles of primary colors.

Dictionary. Blue, red, green, yellow.

Game progress.

The teacher brings in a doll that scattered multi-colored peas on the table. The adult invites the players to collect the peas of the desired colors in their baskets, leaving the extra ones. The doll rejoices and thanks the children who completed the task correctly. The first child to complete the task correctly wins.

Notes. Cut out baskets and circles (peas) from thick cardboard, paint with gouache and coat with water-based varnish on both sides.

The game "Colorful sticks"

Target. To teach children to distinguish between primary colors, to exercise in laying out sticks in boxes of the corresponding color, to develop visual perception, fine motor skills.

Equipment. Wooden sticks painted in four primary colors, boxes of similar colors, complemented by images of animals.

Dictionary. Blue, red, green, yellow.

Game progress.

The teacher places boxes of four colors on the table and shows the multi-colored sticks that the bear scattered. Children - participants are invited to arrange all the sticks in boxes of their own color. The teacher examines the sticks, drawing the attention of the children to the fact that the color of the stick and the box are the same (same). Then the children complete the task.

The child who first selects the sticks of his color and correctly names it wins.

Gradually, the number of sticks increases.

Notes. Take ice cream sticks, paint in primary colors. Cut the kefir boxes and paste over with multi-colored paper. Stick a picture of a funny animal on the back side.

Literature:

Education of sensory culture of a child from birth to 6 years: Book. for the teacher of children garden /L. A. Wenger, E. G. Pilyugina, N. B. Wenger; Ed. L. A. Venger. M.: Enlightenment, 1988. -144 p: ill

Lebedeva Elena Nikolaevna, educator GDOU TO - correctional kindergarten of a compensating type No. 1, the city of Tula.

Do it yourself children's developing designer "Velkoshka"!

This easy-to-make and easy-to-use construction set is designed for preschoolers aged 2 to 7. It will not only entertain the baby, but also bring benefits: it will train the fingers and introduce colors and shades in a playful way. It can be successfully used at home, in kindergarten, and in the country. The designer is hygienic (it can be washed) and completely safe for children over 3 years old.

To make a designer, you only need a Velcro fastener, also called Velcro, 2 cm wide and scissors. Scissors are in every home, and Velcro is sold in all sewing stores selling measured goods - ribbons, lace, elastic bands, etc. To make the designer smart and interesting, get Velcro 5-7 different colors, choosing the brightest and most beautiful ones - yellow, red, green, blue, orange ... You don’t need to make too many details of the same color, so it’s enough to purchase 50 cm of Velcro for each color. It will cost no more than 100 rubles.

That's all! Designer "Velkroshka" is ready!

Of course for the group kindergarten you can make a constructor with a lot more details so that everyone has enough.

How to play with the constructor

Like any educational toy, this constructor will be useful only if you deal with it correctly and show the child all its interesting features.

Babies 2-3 years old first need to be given very simple tasks.

Task number 1. Take 5 double strips of different colors, separate them, mix them up and ask the baby to reconnect them, observing the color match. When this task becomes too easy, increase the number of stripes by adding several stripes of the same color. So the baby will have to select the halves not only by color, but also by properties, because Velcro strips have two sides - fluffy and “burry”, and only different ones are combined with each other. Toddlers have a very developed sense of touch, so they enjoy such a tactile variety.

Task number 2. Connect the strips to each other in random order and ask the baby to put things in order - separate the incorrectly connected strips, and then connect strips of the same colors to each other. Pulling the Velcro strips apart is fun for kids and replaces the popular paper tearing exercise for toddlers.

Task number 3. When the child understands the paired strips - learns to separate and connect them, you can complicate the task. Ask your child to connect all the stripes of the same color with the ends in a long line, alternating between fluffy and "ribbed" details.


The next stage is the task of connecting the ends of strips of two or three colors and asking the baby to continue the line, repeating the given color pattern. Then, the task can be further complicated by using corners, crosses, squares, rings as parts of the ornament.

Children over 3 years old can already be shown how to assemble from designer parts geometric figures and images. It is better to start with tasks for repetition - an adult makes a figure, and then asks the baby to make exactly the same in color and shape, or only in shape, using any other colors he likes.

Be sure to show the kids the tricks with which the strips can change their shape and connect with each other. So parts with different surfaces can be connected different ways: overlapping at different angles, ends in a line, in a ring or in a “boat”, sides in a wide strip, along the entire length with a shift (which allows you to get parts of different lengths with different types of mating tips, or to close one part on the surface of another in round ring.

Only after the kids learn to repeat the models assembled by adults and master the various design techniques, you can give tasks in words, for example, make a bunny or make a rocket, encouraging the child to use the skills, memory and imagination.

The possibilities of "Velkroshka", despite the simplicity, are diverse enough to depict plants, animals, objects, architectural structures and much more.

ATTENTION! Do not leave a child under 3 years of age unsupervised with the construction toy, so that he does not put its parts in his mouth and swallow them. Children over 3 years old can play with the construction set on their own.

After finishing work with the designer, connect all the strips in pairs, fold them together and pull them across with the help of two strips connected at the ends. In this form, the designer "Velkroshka" takes up little space, does not need a box, does not cling to anything and is convenient to take with you.

Make an interesting educational toy for your child with your own hands!

Games - required element development and education of the child. Didactic games help to establish the relationship between practical and mental actions, which is important for children of any age: at 2–3 years old, 3–4 years old, 4–6 years old.

Didactic game - view educational activities organized in game format. Classes implement the principles of gaming, active learning, obey a set of specific rules, have a strict structure and a system of control and evaluation tools.

Didactic games for children 2-3 years old: how to develop a baby.

The games in question, as well as mobile, musical ones, are created by adults (teacher, parent) and are offered ready-made. First, children master the game with the help of its developers, learn the rules, norms of action, and over time, after mastering the necessary content, they begin to play them on their own.

Such classes are one of the leading ones in preschool educational organizations, therefore, are used by educators at all stages of development of children: the first younger group (2–3 years), the second younger group (3–4 years), the middle group - 4–5 years old, the older one – 5–6 years old, the preparatory group – 6–7 years old .

Properly organized didactic games develop:

  • mental and cognitive abilities - children learn new information, generalize and consolidate it, expand their knowledge about various objects, phenomena of the surrounding reality, about the flora and fauna. Memory develops, all kinds of attention, observation, children learn to express judgments and conclusions;
  • speech- there is a replenishment of the active dictionary and its actualization in speech activity;
  • social and moral values- children learn the relationship between themselves and adults, between objects living and inanimate nature, children learn to empathize, give in to each other, be fair, considerate towards the other.

Usually, the games under consideration are divided into 3 main groups:

  1. Games with objects (toys)- are aimed at the direct perception of a thing and action with it, therefore, the child gets acquainted with the characteristics of this object, its shape, color. When working with several toys, children can compare them with each other, find common and different. This type of task allows you to organize independent activities, develops the ability to occupy yourself and not interfere with others in the group.
  2. Board games- aimed at getting to know the surrounding reality, flora, fauna, phenomena of animate and inanimate nature. Such tasks contribute to the development of speech skills, logic, mindfulness, teach modeling life situations, make decisions, train self-control skills.
  3. word games- develop thinking and speech of preschoolers. These games are based on speaking, which allows you to train the ability to solve various mental problems: describe the properties and characteristics of things or phenomena, highlight their main features, compare miscellaneous items(phenomena) among themselves, guess them according to the description.

Didactic games for children (2-3 years old or older) are conducted by a teacher or parent, at the same time, he organizes activities through familiarization with the content and rules of the game, its course of action, through a clear example of how to play. The game ends with a summing up of its results and analysis, which allows you to identify the individual characteristics of children.

The benefits of didactic games

The games in question develop:

  • speech- children hear the speech of an adult and other preschoolers, therefore, vocabulary is replenished. In addition, the guys answer questions, describe something, reason, therefore, they train the available speech data, they are being improved;
  • thinking- preschoolers expand their knowledge about objects, phenomena, flora and fauna, learn new information, can compare existing experience with what they have received, train memory, logic, mathematical abilities;
  • Attention- children train listening skills and understanding what needs to be done, how to play the game correctly, therefore, they become more attentive, focused, able to regulate their actions;
  • physical qualities- there is a development of the motor system, children become mobile, active, learn to control their movements, manage them, the child's psyche is formed in terms of the ability to be active.

Speech development

Didactic games aimed at developing speech skills are recommended to be selected taking into account the age indicator. Such classes replenish the active vocabulary of the kids and teach to distinguish the sounds of pupils. senior group.

Didactic games for children 2-3 years old:

  1. "Tree". The goal is to develop the skill of using prepositions in speech, activating speech skills acquired earlier. Description - the educator reads a short poem and visually shows that ON is on top, and UNDER is on the bottom. After playing the action, he discusses with the children what else happens ON and UNDER. Text:

  1. "The doll is sleeping." The goal is to develop speaking and listening skills. Additional props - a doll and a lullaby (crib). Description - the task of the preschooler is to put the doll to sleep: shake it, sing a lullaby, put it in the crib and cover it with a blanket. The next stage of the game - the teacher explains that while the doll is sleeping, you need to talk in a whisper so as not to wake her up. At the same time, you need to bring the preschooler to a conversation, ask to talk about something. The final stage is to announce that the doll has woken up and now you can talk in full voice.

Classes for preschoolers 4-5 years old:

  1. "Where can you do something?" The goal is to develop the ability to use verbs in speech, listening skills, social and moral values. Description - children answer the teacher's questions: "What can be done on the playground?" (relax, play, ride downhill, run, chat, etc.), “What can you do in nature (in a clinic, in the country, etc.)?”.
  2. "What, what, what." The goal is to develop the ability to use definitions for various objects, phenomena in speech, to activate the existing vocabulary. Description - the teacher calls the words, and the preschoolers in a chain name the properties characteristic of these words. For example: a cat is affectionate, striped, fluffy; coat - warm, autumn, brown.

Games for the senior group:

  1. "vowel sounds". The goal is to develop the skills of isolating vowel sounds from the composition of a word. Description - the teacher calls a word consisting of one, two or three syllables (it all depends on the individual capabilities of the preschooler), children identify vowel sounds by ear and name them.
  2. "Superfluous word". The goal is to develop auditory attention, enrich the vocabulary and clarify lexical meaning. Description - the teacher calls a chain of words, the task of the pupils is to find an extra word and explain their choice. For example: October, January, summer, June, August; jeans, dress, shoes, sweater, coat.

Development of thinking

Didactic games aimed at developing thinking will be useful not only for children aged 2–3, but also for the middle and older groups. Properly organized classes contribute to the training of all stages of the intellectual formation of thinking.

Namely:

  • visual-effective - the child establishes causal relationships through the solution of simple practical problems;
  • visual-figurative - a preschooler establishes connections using a figurative representation of an object, phenomenon;
  • verbal-logical - the establishment of various relationships between words and concepts at a generalized (abstract) level.

Didactic games for children 2-3 years old: how to develop a child's thinking.

Tasks for the development of thinking in the younger group:

  1. "Who loves what." The goal is the development of visual-effective thinking, the synthesis of knowledge about animals. Description - the teacher lays out cards with representatives of the fauna and food for them, the children are invited to feed each representative.
  2. "Words are reversed." The goal is the development of visual-figurative thinking, the ability to analyze. Description - the teacher calls the word, and the pupils need to name the opposite word: narrow - thick, long - short, etc.
  3. "Summarize the words." The goal is the development of verbal logical thinking, the ability to combine words into groups. Description - the task of children is to summarize the words given in the teacher's chain. For example: a cow, a horse, a ram are domestic animals.

Games for the middle group:

  1. "The Lost Toy" The goal is the development of thinking, the ability to concentrate. Description - several toys are placed in front of the child, they are asked to carefully look at them and remember, then the preschooler closes his eyes, one toy is removed and asked to see which toy is hidden. This game can be complicated if the toys are interchanged, while the preschooler must remember the sequence in which the objects were.
  2. "Find the treasure." The goal is the development of logical thinking, spatial orientation, the ability to act according to the scheme. Description - an object is hidden in the room and a map of its location is drawn, the task of the children is to find the object using the map. The task can be complicated if it is carried out on the playground.

Exercises for older preschoolers:

  1. "Continue the word." The goal is to develop the speed of thinking and consideration. Description - the teacher calls the initial syllable, and the child must come up with a word that begins with this syllable. You can complicate the task and offer to come up with several words for one syllable.
  2. "Similar - not similar." The goal is the development of logical thinking, the ability to analyze, evaluate objects, phenomena, and argue your answer. Description - the teacher arranges various objects in the room in advance, the task of the preschooler is to find similar objects, describe what they have in common, prove his point of view.

Development of attention

Didactic games for children (2-3 years and older) for the development of attention train the ability to listen carefully to the teacher, to monitor the situation in the group, which in turn leads to memorizing the necessary information.

Exercises for younger preschoolers:

  1. "Lotto". The goal is to train visual attention, thinking, speech development. Additional material - paired cards with pictures, one set of cards remains with the teacher, the second set is distributed to children (each with a card). Description - the teacher shows a card, a child who has the same picture quickly raises his card and describes it.
  2. "Guess what to do." The goal is to train auditory attention, the ability to correlate their actions with the actions of the teacher. Additional material - a tambourine, colored flags for each child. Description - the teacher picks up a tambourine, the children take the flags. If the tambourine sounds loud, then preschoolers wave flags, if it is quiet, they keep their hands on their knees.

Games for the middle group:

  1. "Buttons". The goal is to develop memory and attention, the ability to find ways to memorize objects. Materials - buttons, a chess board. Description - the pupils are divided into pairs, each receives his own set of buttons. The first player places three buttons on his playing field anywhere, the second player remembers the location of the buttons, the items are covered, and the second player repeats the location of the buttons on the field, then the correctness of the task is checked. Then the players change, the second sets the buttons, and remembers the first. The game can be complicated: 1) by placing not 3, but more buttons, 2) setting the time for memorizing and reproducing the pattern.
  2. "Noisy pictures". The goal is to develop involuntary attention. Material - cards on which various objects are depicted with lines. Description - children look at pictures with several images and must name the objects that are drawn there. Complicating the task: pupils first memorize objects, and then call them from memory.
  1. "Find differences". The goal is to train the ability to arbitrarily switch and distribute attention. Material - a card with pictures that have differences. Description - the task of the child is to find all the differences. You can complicate the exercise if you select images that differ in some details.
  2. "Builders". The goal is to train observational abilities, distribution and concentration of attention. Material - cards with 4 drawings, pencil. Description - there are 4 drawings on the card - 1 is completely drawn, and in 3 others there are no details, the child's task is to finish the remaining drawings so that he gets 4 identical images.

Development of physical qualities

Didactic games for children (2–3 years and older) for training physical qualities are necessary for the overall development of a preschooler. Motor activity can be formed not only in physical education classes, but also in a group or at home.

When doing exercises, children learn to coordinate their movements, become hardy and healthier.

Games for junior schoolchildren:

  1. "Mirrors". The goal is to consolidate the ways of walking, jumping, running and other movements, developing the ability to come up with new movements. Description - the children form a circle, they will be “mirrors”, the leader stands in the center of the circle and demonstrates movements, the rest repeat after him. Whoever repeats the best - becomes the leader.
  2. "Naughty ball". The goal is to develop the ability to throw a sports equipment with two hands from the chest. Description - children stand at the intended line and perform actions under the poem that the teacher says:

We hug the ball gently

Let's push him away casually.

And now let's catch up together:

We need to pity him!

Exercises for the middle group:

  1. "Who quickly". The goal is to develop the speed of reaction, the formation of the ability to hear and understand the conditions of activity, to perform all actions correctly. Description - divide the children into groups, put a hoop in front of the groups, the first from each column take the hoop, raise it above their heads and lower it through the body to the floor, step over the projectile and go to the end of the column. The teacher carefully observes all groups and awards a flag to the one who correctly completed the exercise. The group with the most flags wins.
  2. "Mousetrap". The goal is to develop speed of reaction, the ability to navigate in new situations. Description - 2 groups are formed from children, 1 group - mice, 3 small circles are created from 2 groups - mousetraps, the task of children is to catch all the mice. The teacher is the leader of the game, voices the actions: the mice run through the mousetraps, but as soon as the teacher says “Stop”, the mousetraps close, the “mice” caught are in a circle.

Tasks for older preschoolers:

  1. "Owl". The goal is to develop movement coordination. Description - the group is divided into 2 teams - butterflies and bees, 1 child is chosen as an owl. At the command of the teacher - “day”, the teams run around the clearing, “night” - all the children freeze, the owl goes hunting and takes those who have moved. The game ends when the owl catches 2-3 butterflies or bees.
  2. "Zhmurka". The goal is to train the ability to navigate in space. Description - children form a circle, two players are selected: one is blindfolded, and the other is given a bell. The task of the first player is to catch the second with his eyes closed.

Card file of didactic games for the younger group of kindergarten

"What is the subject?" (games with toys, objects) - children take out various objects from the bag and name them, describe their characteristics.

"Find the same items" ( board game) - children receive cards with several drawings, among which you need to find the same ones.

Olya's helpers ( word game) - the teacher takes the doll and asks the children, pointing to his hands: “What is this?” (hands), “What are they doing” (take, draw ...). And so for every part of the body.

Didactic color learning games for young children

Didactic games help to introduce preschoolers to primary colors and their shades. First, the kids learn red, blue and yellow, then orange, green and black are added to them.

Basic didactic games with children:

  1. Games with objects Children need to match the colors of two objects. For example: arrange colored pencils in jars with the corresponding color; make several colored pockets in a shoe box and put pebbles in them; plant a butterfly on a flower of the same color, etc.
  2. Board games- Children need to choose the right color for something. For example: prepare stencils with fruits, trees, flowers and other objects and ask children to choose the appropriate color from pieces of colored paper (apple - red, ball - yellow, spruce - green); pick up paper clips of the same color as the picture.
  3. word games Children need to describe what colors they see. For example: a teacher shows a drawing to preschoolers and asks them to name the colors that the artist used. This task can be complicated if you use not just children's drawings, but reproductions of paintings.

After studying the primary colors, they move on to the study of shades, from light to dark tones. Here you can use self-prepared palettes and clothespins with flowers, give a task - pick up a clothespin for the corresponding color of the palette; or assemble a caterpillar from various shades, for example, starting with red, moving to orange and yellow.

Card file of didactic games for middle groups of kindergarten

V middle group card file of games can be compiled on the following topics:

  1. "Child and Health". To study the daily routine, children are invited to look at pictures with images of the daily routine and arrange them in order and comment: the morning starts with exercises, breakfast, etc. This game introduces children to in a healthy way life, develops speech, attention and memory.
  2. "Healthy foods". The following games will help memorize fruits and vegetables: children take out a model of a product from a bag and describe it (“this is an apple, it is round, red and smooth); the teacher names the characteristics of the fruit / vegetable, and the children guess it; children try products with their eyes closed and name them, say what the fruit / vegetable tastes like.
  3. "Dangerous Items" The purpose of these games is to introduce children to dangerous objects which should not be played or handled without adult permission. For example: the teacher prepares cards with dangerous and safe items and asks the pupils to sort them into two groups, explaining their choice. You can complicate the task by offering to tell the children what injuries dangerous things can cause (cut, bruise, etc.).

Card file of didactic games for senior groups of kindergarten

Didactic games in senior groups:

  1. Item games: description of the properties of objects, finding common and different, comparing objects, posing problematic questions. For example, why the oval does not roll.
  2. Board-printed games: mathematical tasks - count birds, animals, tasks for attentiveness, thinking - pick up items for something (dress a girl / boy, set the table, put things in cabinets, etc.), find a pair for something, tasks for development social relations- the study of various professions, ways of behavior in public places.
  3. Word games: naming in one word a group of objects, phenomena, animals, plants, a story about the profession of parents, guessing riddles, compiling stories (“continue the sentence”).

Didactic games for the development of coherent speech in preschoolers

The development of speech is one of the important tasks of pedagogy: the better coherent speech is developed, the more successfully the child learns, since he knows how to form and formulate thoughts, knows how to use speech as a tool for communication and influencing other people.

Didactic games that help develop coherent speech:

  1. "Zoo". The goal is the development of coherent speech, the ability to describe a picture, to compose a mini-story. Description - children receive pictures with animals, their task is to carefully consider them, and then in turn describe the depicted animal according to the scheme: appearance what it eats.
  2. "Good bad". The goal is the development of coherent speech, logical thinking, the ability to describe the heroes of a fairy tale, and build reasoning. Description - pupils, together with the teacher, describe the characters of the heroes of fairy tales, find positive and negative character traits, reason for what they can praise this / that hero (for example, what is good about the fact that the Serpent Gorynych has three heads).

DIY didactic game

Didactic games for kids:

  1. "Feed the bun." The goal is to develop fine motor skills in children. Description - You will need two small plastic container, one of them must be round. Glue a funny face (kolobok) to the lid, make a hole in place of the mouth, put the beans in the second jar. The task of the child is to feed the kolobok, i.e. transfer the beans to a jar with a face.
  2. "Carnations and rubber bands". The goal is to train fine motor skills, visual, color and spatial perception, the study of geometric shapes. Description - cut out a square of the desired size from plywood, color it, fasten stationery carnations at an equal distance throughout the space, the child's task is to create various geometric shapes, simple objects (for example, spruce) using bank rubber bands.

Classes with children of the middle group:

  1. "Box of Feelings" The goal is the development of motor skills, imagination, the ability to determine an object by its shape. Description - take a shoe box, make two holes in the lid and sew fabric sleeves to them, put various items in the box and cover with a lid. The task of the children is to put their hands in the sleeves, find the object, guess and describe it.
  2. "Musical Candies" The goal is the development of auditory attention, memory, thinking. Description - put various objects into the eggs from under the kinder surprise - beads, cereals, paper clips, sheathe blanks with fabric in the form of sweets (each sound should have a pair). The task of children is to find pairs of identical candies.

Games for older preschoolers:

  1. "The World of Flora and Fauna". The goal is to develop the ability to observe, analyze, generalize, instill love for wildlife, for a careful attitude towards it. Description - cut out representatives of flora and fauna, stick on cardboard. The task of the children is to consider a card with an animal or plant, describe it, highlight the main characteristics, etc.
  2. "Mosaic". The goal is the development of attention, logical thinking, color perception. Description - prepare various geometric shapes from colored paper, except for a circle. The task of the children is to make a mosaic of these figures in such a way that the same colors do not touch each other.

Didactic games allow you to develop all important processes: speech, attention, thinking, imagination. Such classes are useful not only for children 2-3 years old, but also for the middle and older groups. A variety of games allows the teacher to choose the one that will be aimed at the development of each child.

Video about what didactic games are necessary and useful for children

Didactic games for the formation of the syllabic structure of the word in children:

Musical didactic game:

Games for development speech breathing do it yourself:

The master class is designed to work with teachers and parents.

Purpose: do-it-yourself didactic toy.

Goals: the use of non-traditional methods in the manufacture of toys, the development of fine motor skills and sensory perception in children.

Description of the master class:

In my work, I paid attention to an unconventional way of making toys with my own hands, using various types of cereals that differ from each other in size, shape, texture: small (millet), medium (buckwheat) and large (barley).

If your child has a “Miracle Ball”, I am sure that he will be pleased. After all, playing with such a toy, children develop fine motor skills and speech; the child receives a variety of sensory impressions; he develops attention and the ability to concentrate. No wonder V. Sukhomlinsky wrote: "The mind of a child is at the tips of his fingers." Therefore, I recommend “Miracle - a ball for all-round development, besides, it will simply bring joy and pleasure to your children.

Required materials and tools:

Fabric of different colors and textures;

Needle and scissors;

Multi-colored threads;

Bright and colorful braid;

Various cereals (millet, buckwheat, pearl barley);

Sintepon.

Step by step process

1. We prepare the relevant material to get started.

2. Cut out various kinds tissue rectangles of the same size.

3. We sew six rectangles one by one, leaving a hole on one side.

4. Turn each stitched rectangle of fabric right side out (use a pencil to help).

5. We fill the resulting bags with cereals (buckwheat, millet, pearl barley and synthetic winterizer).

6. We sew each filled bag carefully so that the cereal does not spill out.

7. Convex square-shaped bags are obtained, the same in size.

8. We sew each square to exactly the same, different in color, forming a pair.

9. We sew double pads with each other in turn.

10. Forming a ball, we sew the finished pairs of squares to each other.

11. It turns out a ball.

12. Using braid - we decorate our product, giving it a beautiful and elegant look.

13. Our "Miracle Ball" is ready.

Good luck!