How best to strengthen the foundation of the house. How to strengthen the foundation: methods and technology for strengthening different foundations. New high-tech ways to strengthen the foundation

Over time, the foundation structure begins to deteriorate. The failure of the foundation arises from the old age of the house, untimely repairs and strengthening. If the walls of the building are strong, homeowners try to strengthen the foundation. With this construction procedure, you can increase the life of the house and save money on a new building.

The main reasons for the destruction of the base

Quite often, the foundations of old houses are subject to complete or partial destruction of the foundation. This is due to the following violations:

• non-compliance with the construction technology of the facility;
• incorrect calculation of the load on the base;
• wrong house design;
• change in soil level;
• lack of soil research;
• dilapidated state of the building.

Sometimes the owners of mansions want to add a second floor, increasing the load on the walls and base gives a strong landing and the formation of deep cracks. Before starting work on strengthening the foundation, identify the cause of its occurrence.

Ways to strengthen the foundation

For each type of house, there is a specific method for strengthening the base. All buildings can be conditionally divided into:

• brick;
• wooden;
• stone.

For example, you can eliminate defects on a wooden house by moving or lifting it. This method is not suitable for stone or brick houses. Each building has its own type of base and all repair work must be carried out taking into account the project of the house.

Strengthening the pile foundation

Before starting work, you need to find out what is wrong with the bearing piles at home. They can either sink or fall a little and change shape. To clarify the situation, as a rule, a pile is driven in next to the foundation, then a comparison of correctness is made. This means that at the initial stage of construction, the main piles could have been driven to the wrong depth, from which the freezing point of the soil was not reached and there was no emphasis when they were twisted. If the piles have changed their shape, they must be driven into the ground until solid ground. Doing so will help fix the problem. If a collapse has occurred, then special metal or wood linings are installed under the piles.

Detailed instructions on how to do this can be done by watching the video material.

Reinforced concrete support for strip base

To eliminate the emergency and reinforce strip foundation apply reinforced top-up. Strengthening the foundation of a private house is carried out in the following way:

• dig in the base of the house;
• remove the old concrete, open up all the cracks and drill through the base.
• insert reinforcing bars into the holes formed;
• remove all protruding parts of the base to the maximum;
• we weld the frame to the reinforcing bars;
• we make the formwork and fill everything with concrete.

Important! Don't skimp on the frame, because it is he who performs an important function in strengthening the foundation.

Strengthening the brick base

The brick base can also be reinforced. For this, strong bulls are made, which are subsequently extended to the house. Bulls are a concrete block that is built up at the corners of the basement to increase the support area and strengthen the structure. How to install bulls correctly?

• At each angle, a hole is dug with a depth of 0.5 m more, from the previous foundation.

Important! The size of the pit is taken into account from the load and the bearing capacity of the soil.

• We fix the formwork in the pit.
• We install a volumetric frame.

Expert advice! Do not under any circumstances connect the new frame to the old foundation, because the new structure will sag slightly, which will lead to rupture of the dilapidated concrete.

• The entire plane is poured with concrete, after 7-8 days it is necessary to remove the formwork and backfill.

This work should be done quickly and smoothly, because a house with dug corners loses its strength and stability.

Sometimes after installing the bulls, experts see that this is not enough to strengthen it. In this case, complex reinforcement of straight sections of the base is performed. This procedure has several distinctive nuances from the installation of bulls:

• it is forbidden to dig in large sections of the wall, this can lead to the formation of large cracks and the collapse of the foundation. The permissible size is 2 m on one side;
• when strengthening the base, it is permissible to connect old concrete with a new structure; it is necessary to tie not only them together, but also individual sections;
• installation of hydraulic protection at the joints between the blocks, this will protect against the appearance of deep cracks, water ingress, loosening of the foundation and its destruction.

Bore-injection method of amplification

This method is popular among specialists. It can be done only with the help of professionals and the use of special equipment. The work process is that:

• Wells with a slope of up to 25 cm in diameter are drilled through the old basement. The drilling depth is individual in each case, it is important to achieve a solid soil layer.
• The solution is poured into the finished wells and the reinforcement cage is installed.
• As a result, the entire old structure rests on an additional number of piles.

Concrete reinforcement

The base can be reinforced with a monolithic frame. This method makes it possible to pour concrete on the side of the building. The whole work process is divided into the following steps:

• a trench is dug over the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe building;
• the surface of the basement is cleared of earth, dirt and concrete;
• holes are drilled and anchor rods are installed in them.

Expert advice! If you have the opportunity to work from the inside of the building, use special through pins.

• fixed formwork is assembled in the trench;
• a volumetric frame is fixed in it;
• then it is pulled together with studs and construction anchors;
• the entire plane is filled with a solution that vibrates to fill all the cracks;
• after the concrete has dried, it is necessary to make waterproofing and build a solid blind area.

Reinforcement of the base on one side

Sometimes the house can sink only on one side. In order to strengthen the structure, it is divided into several sections at a distance of 2 m.Further, the following work is performed:

• a trench is dug deeper and wider from the old base, for the initial element;
• holes are drilled in the old base for reinforcement with the help of which the old structure is pulled together;
• make punishments to increase the adhesion of the entire building area;
• then the reinforcement cage and rods are taken, they must enter the damaged base, we install them and cement them;
• the formwork is fixed and everything is poured with concrete.

As soon as the concrete dries a little, proceed to the manufacture and construction of the same new elements to strengthen the building. When all the work is completed, all the elements are interconnected by releasing the fittings from them.

Complete base replacement

Replacement of the base of the house is made when it is no longer possible to strengthen and restore it. The whole process is laborious and long. To do this, it is necessary to dig a trench along the entire foundation strip to a depth of 2 m, remove the old structure and fill in a new base. To prevent this method of strengthening, you need to monitor the structure. If cracks, distortions of windows or doors occur, carry out restoration measures.

As you can see, strengthening the foundation can be done on your own, the main thing is to carry out the work in stages, take into account the technology and features of the damage that has occurred.

Strengthening the foundation of a private house

Unfortunately, the service life of the building foundation is limited. It gradually collapses with seasonal soil movements, soil shrinkage, as well as due to material fatigue and external factors. As a result, cracks appear on the walls, window openings are warped, problems with opening doors arise. These signs indicate the need to perform work to strengthen the foundation of the building. Home owners are thinking about how to strengthen the foundation. Let us dwell in detail on the methods for solving this problem.

Why repair the foundation of a private house

The need to strengthen the foundation of a building arises in a number of cases:

• when the load on the base increases. With an increase in the number of storeys, for example, the construction of an attic or second floor, it is desirable to increase the strength of the base;
• with an increased likelihood of soil displacement. The soil may shift if a building with an increased depth of the belt base is being erected in the immediate vicinity;
• with the formation of deep cracks. Violation of the integrity of the bearing walls, a change in the geometry of the openings occurs as a result of deformation processes.

Most of the capital buildings over time need to strengthen the foundation

It is advisable to analyze the risk factors, to pay attention to the change in the structure of the base. This will allow:

• increase the service life of the base of the building;
• prevent the formation of cracks;
• prevent distortions of openings;
• maintain the integrity of the walls.

It is important not to postpone the implementation of recovery activities.

In what situations is it necessary to strengthen the foundation of a private house

A number of reasons are possible as a result of which the base of the building is damaged:

• incorrect calculations. At the design stage, it is necessary to analyze the characteristics of the soil, and also take into account the mass of the structure;
• non-compliance technological process when performing work on laying the foundation. No deviations from technology should be allowed;
• change in the depth of aquifers. In the spring-autumn period, there is an increase in the water level in the soil;
• increasing efforts on the basis. A sharp increase in loads is possible during a major reconstruction of a building or redevelopment;
• construction on the adjacent territory. With large-scale earthworks and the laying of communications, soil shifts are possible;
• the influence of vibration. When exposed to vibration, dynamic loads increase, which violate the integrity of the building base.

Reinforcement is shown to the foundation, which was erected with violations of technology and without taking into account climatic features terrain and soil conditions

In order to determine the method of work, it is necessary to determine the cause of the destruction, prepare for restoration measures.

We are preparing to strengthen the foundation of a private house

At the preparatory stage of work, you should:

• assess the condition of the base;
• carry out preventive work;
• choose the right repair method.

To assess the condition and determine the repair method, deepen the soil around the perimeter of the base, providing access to the defects of the old base. In this case, the deepening of the trench should correspond to the depth of the foundation, and the width should be 0.7–0.9 m.

Pay attention to the following points:

• used material;
• adherence to masonry technology;
• the number of problem areas;
• depth of cracks;
• condition of concrete.

A dilapidated foundation will become stronger if it is girdled with a new reinforced concrete tape, firmly connected to it

The technique for diagnosing the state of the base provides for the following work:

1. Sticking paper beacons on cracks. The decal should be applied perpendicular to the crack while maintaining maximum tension on the paper.
2. Visual check of the integrity of control elements. A break in the paper indicates increased destruction and the need for reinforcement.

In the absence of breaks in the beacons for a long time, it is possible to conclude that the deformation has stopped and begin to seal the cracks.

Before carrying out work to strengthen the problem basis, the following types of preventive measures can be performed:

• lay the drainage. It will reduce soil moisture and avoid problems associated with its subsidence;
• insulate the foundation. High-quality insulation will protect against destruction caused by deep freezing of the soil.

Perform the drainage device following the given algorithm:

1. Remove soil along the contour of the house to the water level.
2. Dig a drainage well away from the residential building.
3. Route pipes from the drainage ditch to the well.
4. Lay geotextiles on the bottom of the pit.
5. Add a layer of gravel and drainage pipes.
6. Connect the drain to the drain line.
7. Fill the pipes with rubble, fill the pit with drainage mixture.

The work of renovating the basement under the building is laborious, but not as impossible as it might seem

When installing thermal insulation, follow the sequence of operations:

1. Dig a pit along the outline of the house.
2. Place a layer of sand on the bottom.
3. Place expanded polystyrene sheets on the sand bed.
4. Collect the panel formwork in the trench.
5. Drive the pins into the masonry, install the reinforcement cage.
6. Pour M300 concrete mortar.

After performing preventive work, you should decide on the repair technology.

We plan to strengthen the foundation of the old house - ways to strengthen

Various methods are used to reinforce the crumbling foundations of buildings. A number of methods are based on the latest developments, but most developers prefer the old proven methods. It is important to carefully study all the nuances and only then start repair activities.

The following options for restoring the building base are possible:

• construction of a new strip base;
• reinforcement of the base with screw piles;
• the use of pressed supports;
• use of bored technology.

Let's consider the features of each method.

Much faster than the old foundation decays, the lower rims of the log house become unusable

Tape option to strengthen the base

An increase in the bearing capacity of the base strip is achieved by increasing the bearing surface area. This reduces the reaction of the soil to the concrete belt. To restore the foundation, a new reinforced concrete contour is erected along the contour of the structure.

The foundation is the foundation of any building. The longevity of the building depends on its reliability and quality. The wrong choice of the type of foundation, miscalculations during its laying over time cause defects that sooner or later will lead to the destruction of the entire structure. Therefore, at the first signs of deformation, you should immediately establish the causes of its appearance and begin to eliminate them in order to avoid an expensive complete replacement of the foundation.

Signs and causes of partial destruction of the base

Strengthening the foundation must be carried out in two cases: when signs of structural deformation are detected and when it is planned to complete the construction of floors. Before starting work, you need to carefully analyze the condition of the house, assess the degree of destruction of the foundation or the likelihood of defects in the near future, and only after that start strengthening work.

Most often, professionals with special equipment are invited to identify flaws. But you can do the work yourself if you correctly assess all the factors and follow the step-by-step instructions for strengthening the foundation. The only thing that cannot be done when defects are found is to ignore them, so that later the inevitable replacement of the foundation does not result in a round sum.

It is possible to identify the initial stages of destruction by several obvious or latent signs. Obvious signs are visible with the naked eye, these include:

• the appearance of deformations on the floor surface;
• change in soil level and the formation of dips around the base;
• defects in the exterior of the house or its destruction;
• small cracks on the walls and basement;
• local small destruction in the building itself and in the adjacent area.

Faint cracks have already appeared on the basement of this house. If urgent measures are not taken, then all this beauty, unfortunately, will be destroyed.

It is more difficult with hidden defects; special equipment is required here. However, if at least something worries you, for example, part of the decorative plaster on the facade or plinth has peeled off, or the soil around the house has slightly subsided, take the time and money for specialists.

Thus, you will save yourself from more serious problems. Experts will quickly find out the cause and advise on how to eliminate it. And if you wish, you can do the work yourself.

The destruction of the foundation of a house occurs for many reasons. The main ones are:

In addition, the influence of environment: small underground fluctuations, sharp warming, temperature drops, prolonged rains and an abundance of snow, as a result of which the groundwater level rises and the soil heaving processes begin.

Under the influence of frost heaving, cracks appear on the walls of the house. This indicates the beginning of the deformation of the foundation.

Of course, it is impossible to foresee all the harmful consequences of natural disasters, but it is necessary to calculate the risks even at the design stage of the house.

Preparatory work before strengthening the foundation

Preparation for strengthening the foundation is divided into 2 stages - examination of the foundation and its unloading.

Foundation survey

The revision of the base of the building is planned (periodic inspection so as not to miss the beginning of destruction) and unplanned. The latter is carried out:

The study is carried out in different ways, depending on the approach to the constituent elements of the structure and the magnitude of the destruction. The easiest way is to carry out a visual inspection with fixing the detected flaws in a photo or video in order to observe the defects.

An external check is done in easily accessible, well-visible places without any tools. Basically, they examine the pits, the upper surface of the base, its base and grillage. Pay attention to the corrosion of concrete, exposed reinforcement due to chips, destruction of masonry, the appearance of gaps, rust and cracks, violation of the integrity of the monolith.

Visual inspection is usually carried out during the day, but it does not give such clear results as instrumental examination using special equipment.

Instrumental control is necessary in the following cases:

• when the deformation area of \u200b\u200ball sections in total exceeds 10%;
• in case of violation of the spatial arrangement of the structure (this can be tilt, shift or draft);
• if the depth of the chips reaches 1.5 cm.

Before strengthening the reinforced concrete foundation, it is first determined whether its shrinkage has stopped - beacons are installed across the cracks and monitored for a month. If no changes are found, they begin strengthening work.

Unloading the foundation

This is the final, but very important stage. preparatory work, since it allows you to prevent distortions when strengthening the foundation. And to interfere with the structural basis of any structure, without redistributing the load in whole or in part on temporary structural supports, is fraught with its destruction as a whole.

Partial unloading (redistribution) is carried out using transient wood supports, as well as metal or wooden struts. In the underground room or on the lower floor of the house, at a distance of about 2 m from the wall partitions, support pillows are laid, and on top of them - a bar with racks. The top purlin is attached to the uprights with anchors (as shown in the figure). After that, wedges are driven in between the support bottom beam and the uprights, transferring the load from the floors to the transient supports.

Scheme of partial unloading of the foundation using temporary wooden supports: 1 - foundation, 2 - walls, 3 - ceilings, 4 - upper run, 5 - rack, 6 - wedges, 7 - support bar, 8 - support cushion

Complete unloading of the base is done using foundation beams (they are called rand beams) or transverse and longitudinal beams made of reinforced concrete or metal:

Methods for strengthening foundations

After a survey of the ground structures of the building and the foundation itself, establishing the causes of destruction and partial or complete unloading of the foundation, strengthening work can begin.

It is a lightweight and convenient technology that is suitable for strengthening shallow foundations. You can do it yourself.

Strengthening the foundation with a reinforced concrete cage is a simple and affordable technology that can be used to easily repair a deformed foundation on your own

The work requires concrete grade 400, reinforcement Ø 16-18 mm, wire, anchors and injection pipes (if their use is foreseen).

It turns out a reinforced concrete belt (clip), which rigidly fixes the foundation and prevents its further deformation. If the bearing capacity of the original base is insufficient, the cage is made with a widening in the lower part.

For rubble bases with a large number of voids, injection pipes are used, installed in the foundation so that they protrude 35–40 cm beyond the walls of the holder. Through them, cement mortar is injected into the foundation cavity after the cage has completely solidified. The solution fills the voids and seizes with the foundation surface, and the cage forms an additional contour that ensures the integrity and strength of the base. After two to three days, the injection tubes are cut off.

Reinforcement of foundations with a large number of voids is carried out with the help of a concrete frame and injection pipes

Reinforcement of the foundation with a reinforced concrete jacket

Strengthening the base with a jacket is done in the same way. The only difference is in the size of the coverage - the cage covers the entire perimeter of the foundation, and strengthening with a jacket is done only on damaged surfaces.

The technology of reinforcement with a reinforced concrete jacket has proven itself well for the reconstruction and repair of strip and columnar foundations

This reinforcement method reinforces columnar and strip foundations well.

Strengthening the foundation with ebb tides

This technique is used to strengthen brick and rubble bases. Its principle is as follows: instead of a reinforcing frame, reinforced concrete ebbs are used:

Strengthening the foundation by widening the sole

The sole is a reinforced concrete supporting structure for the base. You can expand it by laying slabs or installing a reinforced concrete cushion. The technology of broadening the sole in both cases is rather complicated, but with the help of a few people it is possible to cope with this task without involving professionals.

Strengthening with shotcrete is an ideal option for repairing the foundation of a brick house. It is very difficult to do such work on your own; it is better to entrust it to specialists.

Scheme of strengthening the foundation with shotcrete: 1 - reinforced foundation, 2 - reinforced brick wall, 3 - reinforced concrete cage, 4 - anchors, 5 - basement floor, 6 - basement floor level, 7 - compressed soil zone of the base

If you are confident in your abilities, then you will need:

• puncher;
• shotcrete gun;
• gravel, sand and cement;
• shovel.

Strengthening the foundation takes place in 2 stages: first, work is done on one side of the base and only after a week they move to the opposite side. This time interval allows you to maximize the strength of the structure. Capture areas must be at least 2.5 m in length.

Reinforcement with shotcrete is considered one of the best reinforcement schemes, since it significantly increases not only the bearing capacity of the foundation, but also its water resistance.

Strengthening the foundation of the house with cementation

Cementation (injection) - filling of base cavities, voids and cracks along the entire length. It is made both to strengthen the base of the house and to prevent excess moisture from seeping into the interior of the structure.

Strengthening is carried out manually or using a special injection pump.

An interval of two to three days should be maintained between the construction of the cage and the filling of the previously inserted tubes. It makes sense to carry out cementation if the foundation of the building has not lost its bearing capacity.

It is also possible to restore the bearing capacity of the foundation by filling cracks, voids and joints using modern mixtures and resins, for example MC-Injekt 2700 (injection resin) and a pump.

Strengthening the foundation with piles

Today, in areas with heterogeneous soil, the method of strengthening the base with screw piles is popular. It is good in that the piles used, thanks to the unique arrangement of the blades, can withstand a load of up to 25 tons. However, this method of strengthening is very expensive, it requires special equipment and the participation of professional builders.

Video: strengthening the foundation - twisting screw piles

Micropiles Ø 150-300 mm

A good way of strengthening is convenient, uncomplicated and affordable. Allows you to combine drilling with injection. The hoses used for this remain inside the pile, which ensures reliability and high quality reinforcement.

Press-in piles

They are used to strengthen the foundations of buildings on solid grounds. To carry out the work, special equipment is required. To ensure a better joining of the foundation with the piles, beams are mounted in the base.

Remote piles

This strengthening method is used in areas with a high level groundwater... The base is taken out on piles, having previously passed a reinforced concrete beam through it, which will hold the structure.

To strengthen the foundation, an iron beam is passed through it and then external piles are brought under it

Bored piles

Deep pits are drilled at an angle to the old base, reinforced and poured with concrete.

1. Places of reinforcement are selected and internal and external wells with a diameter of 170–240 mm are drilled at an inclination of 45 ° to a depth of solid ground.
2. A reinforcement framework made in advance is lowered into them and a concrete mixture is poured under high pressure. After hardening, the entire structure is attached to the base with anchors.

Strengthening the foundation with bored piles is easy to do with your own hands if you have the appropriate equipment

The advantages of this technique:

• all supporting elements are strengthened: foundation, interfloor and attic floors, blind area, walls, basement;
• a large amount of earthwork is not needed;
• suitable for any type of building;
• good results in a relatively short time;
• along with reinforcement, waterproofing of the base is additionally provided;
• this scheme is effective on the most difficult soils.

The main disadvantage of the described scheme is the need to use special equipment. Therefore, despite the fact that the process itself is not very complicated, this technique is used quite rarely.

Strengthening strip foundation technology

Strengthening the strip foundation is carried out in sections, preventing the entire base from being excavated at once. You can speed up the work if you carry out them from different sides at the same time.

If you do the repair yourself, you can do without piles. After cleaning the old foundation, a reinforcing structure is created in the trench. They make a formwork and fill it with concrete.

Video: strengthening the strip foundation

New high-tech ways to strengthen the foundation

One of the new reinforcement methods is DEEP INJECTION (deep injection), which helps to restore and strengthen the bearing capacity of the foundation. It requires a lot of excavation work and the use of heavy construction equipment.

With the help of deep injection technology DEEP INJECTION, geopolymer composition is injected directly under the sole of the foundation

The method is based on the point introduction of a two-component polymer resin into the earth. Thanks to the action of the polymer, voids are filled, moisture is displaced from the pores, the base of the house is compacted and rises to the previous level. At the same time, the bearing capacity of all structural elements increases.

If the house is built on a weak site and has already begun to sag, then it is time to try another know-how - the POWERPILE technology, which strengthens the soil and restores the bearing properties of the foundation.

To a depth of 6 m, injection pipes in a kevlavov casing are inserted into the ground and filled with a geopolymer composition under pressure, which expands and hardens. A kind of polymer pile is formed. It resists shear and fracture loads equally well, therefore it significantly increases the strength of the base.

Also noteworthy is the SLAB LIFTING technology, which will stop the subsidence of the concrete floor slab, raise the structure to the level provided for in the project, and increase the bearing strength of the foundation.

Video: DIY foundation repair

It is, of course, impossible to describe all the technologies for strengthening foundations. Each technique is developed individually, taking into account the results of examinations and design indicators... Owners of private housing construction need to remember - do-it-yourself strengthening work can be carried out only after a thorough examination, obtaining the results of examinations and the corresponding conclusions.

Prolonged use of the house leads to damage to its foundation. Destruction occurs due to mistakes made by builders when laying it; technology violations; changes in the composition of the soil under the foundation.

Also among the causes of destruction - an increase in the level of groundwater; the appearance of buried buildings nearby; vibrations in the seismological zone.

Ways to strengthen the base

The first thing that should concern the owner is the appearance of cracks. To assess their condition, a simple technology is used. It is necessary to stick paper strips on the cracks, which will serve as beacons. If the beacon slips or breaks, it is necessary to urgently repair the bases. This means that the destruction processes have not stopped. If the paper remains intact, then the destruction processes have stopped and a simple repair can be carried out - sealing the joints with cement mortar.

There are the following ways to strengthen the foundation private (country house or not - it doesn't matter) at home with your own hands:

1. Perimeter reinforcement.
2. Strengthening the corners.
3. Strengthening the walls.
4. Installation of ebb tides.
5. Installation of piles.

The meaning of the first method is to gird the base. It is suitable for its belt type, since the technology requires a complete enclosure of the structure along its entire length. This is the easiest and cheapest way.

Reinforcement of the corners is carried out pointwise: actually near the corners or through every four meters of the foundation, if it is too long. In places where it is necessary to carry out fortifications, mini-pits are dug into which they are installed and poured with concrete. This method protects the structure from collapse of the foundations and is suitable for summer cottage construction.

The technology of strengthening the walls is based on working with "bulls" - corner fasteners. To carry out strengthening the foundation of a private house, a trench is being dug between them, which should expose the base wall. It is impossible to expose all the walls around the perimeter, because the building may become thinner. Work should be carried out in stages, especially if the method for assessing the state of the structure showed a high rate of its destruction. A reinforcement cage is laid in the trench, which is connected to the walls of the bases and "bulls".

The technology of the classical method of strengthening the strip foundation

Laying the encircling foundation along the existing one is the most popular way how to strengthen the foundation of an old housedo it yourself. It can be used to repair a country house, brick or wooden. The technology includes the following stages:

1. Dig volumetric holes 100 × 100 cm in the corners of the house so that they are completely exposed. The excavation depth is determined by the depth of the foundation, in which you need to add another 50 cm.
2. Make a reinforced frame with cells with an area of \u200b\u200b20 × 20x20 cm. Connect the intersections of the rods with wire or welding. The main thing is that the mounts are strong.
3. Place the grate in the hole and cover with concrete.

In order to do the repair of the tape base with your own hands in this way correctly, it is important to adhere to two rules:

• do not stretch the process over time, since the base of the house will remain bare, without supporting it with soil;
• to use the reinforcement of maximum rigidity, since the strength and efficiency of the structure depends on it.

If there is a danger of further collapse due to the significant weight of the building, strengthening the foundation of a brick house it is necessary to do it around the entire perimeter of the base, connecting the corner structures to each other. For this you need:

1. Conditionally divide the entire length of the tape into segments of 1.5-2 m.
2. On one of the sections, excavate soil according to the type of trench up to 0.5 m wide and with a depth at the level of the old foundation.
3. Drill holes in the old foundation and place pieces of reinforcement up to 40 cm long in them.
4. Install a ready-made reinforcing cage with the same parameters that were used to strengthen the corners into the groove.
5. Fill the trench with concrete.
6. Carry out such a strengthening on all sections of the foundation in turn.

Concrete work should be carried out at an air temperature within +5 - + 30˚С.

Reinforcement of soil under the foundation of a wooden house (drainage)

Sometimes easy, wooden house begins to sink due to the movement of groundwater closer to the earth's surface. To minimize their impact on the foundation, it is necessary to carry out drainage work. How to strengthen the foundation of a wooden house using conventional drainage? Consider below:

1. Carry out excavation in the form of an annular trench to the depth of the possible appearance of water.
2. Connect the trench with a drainage well, which will be correctly removed outside the site.
3. Lay a geotextile with permeability to one side at the bottom of the trench, fill it with a layer of rubble and put a drainage pipe in the recess.
4. Connect the pipe to the well with a main pipe with a slope of 1 cm by 2 m of pipe.
5. Pour a layer of rubble on top of the pipe, and
   1. Reinforcement of the old foundation with a new concrete belt. This is the classic version described above.
   2. Additional reinforcement.
   3. Introduction of piles.

   You can use ready-made piles of one of three types:

   • screw (piles are screwed into the ground, leaving a small section above the ground);
   • pressed in (used only under the guidance of specialists and cannot be used for dilapidated buildings;
   • bored.

   For a brick house, the use of bored piles is the most high-tech and effective option, which allows you to significantly extend the life of the structure, even if the donkey is the foundation of the house, which can still be used for a full stay. Repair includes the following stages:

   1. Drill the old foundation under a strong slope on both sides up to the hard ground detection point in steps of 1.5-2 m.
   2. Pour cement into wells formed as a result of drilling.
   3. Install the reinforcement frame in them and wait for the structure to completely harden.

   This repair of the foundation will help to move the pressure of the brick house from the base area to the corners of the piles.

A wooden house is beautiful, warm and environmentally friendly. But, unfortunately, it is short-lived. The reasons for the destruction are different. Let's dwell on how to strengthen the foundation of an old wooden house with our own hands. The reasons for the violation of the foundation are different: a shift in soil layers, the work of heavy equipment near the house, an incorrect initial device. Whatever the reasons, one thing is clear - the foundation must be restored.

Causes and types of foundation destruction

When starting to strengthen the foundation of an old wooden house with your own hands, you first need to correctly determine the cause of its deformation.

There can be several factors for the appearance of destruction:

• Due to changes in load, soil properties may change. Such changes are caused by soil erosion, a high level of groundwater. If new buildings appear near the house, then this can also lead to certain changes. The buildings seem to squeeze out the soil and thereby violate its density. The consequence of all this is the subsidence of the house or its distortion.
• Poor initial foundation arrangement. When laying the foundation, it is possible that the work was performed poorly, errors were made in calculating the depth of soil freezing or in choosing a grade of concrete.

Determining the cause of structural deformation is only an initial step. The next step is to determine the degree of destruction. They are divided into four types:

• Minimal damage is visible defects. These include slightly exfoliated plaster. This damage is repaired very quickly.
• Medium damage. These include different kind cracks. To eliminate defects, their nature should be investigated. Horizontal cracks pose little threat. Vertical or zigzag defects deserve more serious consideration.

Cracks usually occur as a result of foundation subsidence. Therefore, it is important to determine whether this process is progressing or is temporary.

Technologies for strengthening the foundation of an old wooden house

Depending on the degree of destruction of the base of the old house, certain work is carried out to strengthen it. The simplest and easiest to do with your own hands is to repair cracks, which usually occur with a slight subsidence of the house. To do this, you need to slightly widen the crack and clean it of dirt. Then prime it well and seal it up with sand-cement mortar. Also, partial repairs to the support of the house can be performed if the building has gone into the ground.

For this, the structure is raised. To perform this procedure, first of all, we reduce the load on the base. It is necessary to remove all furniture from the house, disassemble the floor and remove the stove if it does not have its own foundation. If the house is small and light, then you can lift it with the help of vag. For this, a wooden beam with a section of 80 × 80 mm is placed under the corner of the structure. Then they use the wagi as a lever, focusing on the log, and raise the house.

Heavier houses are lifted using a jack, which is placed in certain places. After the building has been raised to the desired height, the old base of the house should be built up with brick or concrete. For more serious deformations of the foundation, one side of the foundation is usually reinforced or, if necessary, completely around the perimeter. Let's consider several types of strengthening the supporting structure.

Base repair by strengthening corners

Sometimes, to strengthen the supporting structure of a wooden house, they are limited to strengthening the corners.

In order to properly perform this work, you must first expose the corners of the base. To do this, a hole is dug near each corner of the house, the diameter of which is about a meter. The depth of the hole should be half a meter lower than the depth of the old foundation. Reinforcement is carried out using a reinforcing grid. The dimensions of the cells are 20 × 20 cm.

On the old foundation, reinforcement is cleaned of concrete in some places, to which a reinforcing grid is attached. In this case, the connection should be made by welding. After the grating has been installed, concrete is poured in layers and left to harden. In order to increase the degree of reinforcement, it is possible to strengthen not only the corners. In some places, along the perimeter of the dwelling, every one and a half or two meters, ditches up to half a meter wide are prepared.

The depth of the ditches is equal to the depth of the old support. Then, reinforcing gratings are attached to the steel rods of the old base and again poured with concrete. Thus, reinforcement occurs both in the corners and along the entire perimeter. This is easy to do with your own hands and significantly increases the bearing capacity of the foundation.

The concrete must be poured gradually in layers. This can be achieved by filling the recesses one at a time.

Strengthening the base with an armored belt

An often used and reliable way of doing foundation reinforcement with your own hands is a device around the old base of a monolithic reinforcing belt. Watch the video on how to strengthen the base with an armature belt.

For its construction, a certain algorithm is used:

• Prepare a trench around the house. It must be such that there is free access to the base and the possibility of unhindered work. Its width can be 50-60 cm. The depth should be at least 0.6 meters lower than the old support.
• For better adhesion of the old base and the reinforcing belt, thoroughly clean the walls of the foundation from foreign objects. It should be cleaned efficiently, it is best to use a metal brush. Next, deep priming is carried out.
• A sand and gravel cushion is poured at the bottom of the trench, which is well spilled and compacted. It must be well sealed.
• Formwork is mounted from boards or plywood.
• We prepare holes in the old base with a diameter of a large cross-section of reinforcing rods by one millimeter. It is best to use reinforcement with a diameter of 12 mm or 14 mm. We install steel rods by driving them into the prepared holes. The distance between them should be 25-30 cm. It is better to arrange the rods in several rows.
• A new reinforcing belt or reinforcing mesh is attached to the hammered rods.
• They begin to pour concrete in layers. The thickness of the layers should not exceed 20 cm.
• The reinforcing belt is waterproofed and a blind area is arranged.

Reinforcing the supporting structure in this way allows the load to be evenly distributed over the double area.

Strengthening the foundation by installing piles

The foundation of an old wooden house can be strengthened with piles, and there are several ways to carry out such work with your own hands:

• Bored method. On both sides of the base, holes about two meters deep are drilled every one and a half meters. Then we carry out the reinforcement and waterproofing of the recesses. After completing all the preparatory work, the wells are poured with concrete.
• Using screw piles. This is a less time consuming method. True, in order to complete it correctly, several people are required. It is necessary to simultaneously monitor the position of the rods and directly carry out work on their deepening.

After the installation of the piles, they are attached to the house using anchor bolts.