Ancient weapons. Ancient edged weapons and armor of India (42 photos). When the smell of gunpowder

Few remember that before the 1917 revolution, weapons were freely sold in hunting stores. Mauser, Nagan, Browning, Smith-Wesson, and here are the Parabellums. Ladies' models that fit in a woman's purse. "Velodogi" - revolvers for cyclists, for effective protection from dogs. Without much hassle it was possible to buy even the Maxim machine gun made in Tula ...

Let's open, for example, the Easter issue of Ogonyok magazine, 1914. Peaceful pre-war spring. We read the advertisement. Along with advertisements for "cologne with a wonderful scent of Dralle", photographic cameras "Ferrotype" and the remedy for hemorrhoids "Anusol" - advertisements for revolvers, pistols, hunting rifles. And here is our old friend! The same Browning sample of 1906:

The magazine advertises EXACTLY Browning. In the classic book of A. Beetle "Small arms" the number of this model is 31-6. Production: Belgium, model 1906, caliber 6.35 mm. It weighs only 350 grams, but has 6 rounds. And what cartridges! The cartridges were created specifically for this model. Shell bullet, smokeless powder (3 times more powerful than smoky powder). Such a cartridge was more powerful than a revolving cartridge of the same caliber. The 1906 Browning model was very successful. The size of the pistol was only 11.4 x 5.3 cm and it easily fit in the palm of your hand. What else was needed for a safe trip to the market? Market traders were armed before the revolution. It is not surprising that the concept of "racketeering" in those days was completely absent ...

Browning could be worn discreetly - it even fit in a waistcoat pocket and ladies' travel bag. Because of its low weight and low recoil, women eagerly bought it, and the name "ladies' pistol" was firmly stuck to it. Browning was a popular model among the general public. Russian society long years. Students, gymnasium students, cadets, businessmen, diplomats, even officers - even gardeners! - had it at hand. Due to its low price, it was available even to schoolchildren, and teachers noted the fashion among high school students and students "to shoot for unhappy love." Small-bore pistols were also called "suicide weapons". Large-caliber pistols carried the head like a pumpkin, and after a shot in the head from Browning, the deceased looked good in a coffin, which should have led to tears of repentance from the unfaithful traitor ... But Browning was dangerous not only for its owner.

It was an effective weapon of self-defense. A small-caliber shell bullet pierced the muscle layer and got stuck inside the body, completely giving it its energy. The level of medicine at the beginning of the twentieth century often did not allow to save a person who was struck in the internal organs. Due to its compact size and its fighting qualities, the Browning model of 1906 was the most popular model. In total, more than 4 MILLION of them were made! But how did they look at “exceeding the limits of necessary defense” in tsarist times? not what we are all used to. In the 18th century, there was such a robbery in Russia - river piracy.

Was it not such a knuckle-duster in their pocket that journalists and writers walked around the hot spots, is not this one mentioned by V. A. Gilyarovsky in his book "Moscow and Muscovites"?

Bands of vagabonds attacked and plundered river vessels sailing along the main rivers. Emperor Paul I adopted a decree on the strict deprivation of the nobility of all nobles who were attacked on the rivers and did not offer armed resistance. The nobles then, naturally, were with swords, and if they did not carry out the NECESSARY DEFENSE, they were deprived of this sword, as well as their estates and titles ... Thanks to this formulation of the question, in a very short time the robbers were killed or fled and the robbery on the rivers stopped .That is, the necessary defense - it was a NECESSITY for an armed man to DEFENSE.

The Velodog pistol was very popular in the 19th century. It was developed for cyclists who were often thrown by dogs.

No "limits" existed. In Soviet times, this useful concept was distorted and if it occurs, it is only in the combination "EXCEEDING THE LIMITS of necessary defense." For armed resistance to robbers, a criminal article was introduced, and the weapons themselves were taken from the population. The Bolsheviks confiscated weapons from the population. For the complete "disarmament of the bourgeoisie" detachments of the Red Guard and the Soviet militia did a lot, conducting mass searches. However, some irresponsible "kulaks", as we see, were in no hurry to part with the Browning until the mid-1930s. And I understand them, a beautiful and necessary thing ...

Since then, the pistol has turned from an everyday item in the USSR into a symbol of belonging to the power structures or the highest party elite. The caliber of the pistol was inversely proportional to the position in society. (The higher the official, the smaller the caliber of his pistol.) ... This Browning model was so popular that it gradually fell out of circulation only with the creation in 1926 of the Korovin pistol. Compared to Browning, he had a stronger cartridge and a slightly lengthened barrel, and the magazine capacity increased to 8 rounds. Interestingly, despite its small caliber, it enjoyed great success among the commanding staff of the Red Army.

And all that is left for an ordinary Russian man in the street, exhausted from street crime, is to look longingly at the pages of pre-revolutionary magazines: ““ REVOLVER WITH 50 CARTRIDGES. ONLY 2 RUBLES. A safe and reliable weapon for self-defense, intimidation and raising the alarm. Completely replaces expensive and dangerous revolvers. Strikingly hard. It is necessary for everyone. No license is required for this revolver. 50 additional cartridges cost 75 kopecks, 100 pieces - 1 r. 40 kopecks, 35 kopecks are charged for postage by cash on delivery, and 55 kopecks to Siberia. When ordering 3 pieces, ONE REVOLVER is attached FREE OF CHARGE. Address: Lodz, Partnership "SLAVA" O. "

For the sake of fairness, it must be said that there were some restrictions on the circulation of firearms: 1) the highest approved by Nicholas II Opinion of the State Council of June 10, 1900 "On the prohibition of the manufacture and import of firearms from abroad samples used in the troops" 2) the highest the decree of the emperor "On the sale and storage of firearms, as well as explosives and on the arrangement of shooting ranges." Accordingly, customs restrictions on the import and export of military-grade firearms were tightened. There were also secret circulars of the tsarist government, ordering local authorities, at their discretion and taking into account the current situation, to confiscate weapons from disloyal subjects.

Here is what the professor of the Imperial Moscow University I.T. Tarasov: “Despite the undoubted danger from careless, inept and malicious use of weapons, the prohibition to have weapons in no way can be general rule, but only an exception that occurs when:

1. unrest, indignation or rebellion give a solid reason to fear that the weapon will be used for dangerous criminal purposes;
2. the special situation or condition of those persons, for example, minors and minors, crazy, hostile or warring tribes, etc., which give rise to such fear;
3. the past facts of careless or malicious use of weapons, established by the court or in any other way, indicated the advisability of taking the weapons away from these persons. "

It is safe to say that in the Russian state, then the Russian state, the right to arms was an inalienable right of every law-abiding and mentally healthy citizen; it was naturally subject to some time and local restrictions. Over time, this right has undergone changes to meet the needs of the era. the granting of the right to weapons to citizens, their acquisition, storage and use can be considered as a progressive phenomenon, since at that time such a right did not exist in all countries. In the course of evolution, legislation has developed a rather strict procedure for the storage, carrying and acquisition of firearms by citizens. Since the 17th century, the right to bear arms was granted only to certain categories of persons. At the beginning of the 20th century, they were persons whose weapons were part of their uniforms (for example, police or gendarmes), who needed them for self-defense; for some, carrying a weapon was obligatory by virtue of a custom not prohibited by law; for hunting or sports purposes.

With the development of firearms, legislation began to divide it into types: military - non-military models; rifled - smooth-bore; guns - revolvers, etc. Thus, from 1649 to 1914 in The Russian state a harmonious legislative system was formed, which avoided the extremes of permissiveness, on the one hand, and a universal ban, on the other.

A.S. Privalov, expert of the III category. Weapons legislation in Russia in the XIX

PURCHASED WEAPONS LET'S CARRY WHILE SHAPED

On donation army weapons since the 18th century, the most often commemorative inscriptions were made: “For courage”, “God is with us!”, “Army of free Russia.” Freedom as a state of society exists as long as the possession of a weapon is recognized in it as a natural right. Society ceases to be free when the natural right to own weapons is replaced by a privilege granted by the state. Since the time of the Roman Empire, the main difference between a slave and a free citizen, along with political rights, has been the right to carry and use weapons - from a dagger under a tunic to a Berdan in a barn or a pistol in a holster. polls are armed (as, indeed, and the inhabitants of neighboring Europe), up to the middle of the 20th century.

"Clement" and "Bayard", comfortable for concealed carry:

People without weapons easily fell prey to robbers on the highways or nomads on the borders, as well as wild animals. Everyone had weapons - even the serfs. While the liberal journalism proceeded with bile about "wild Asiaticism" and "serf slaves", the "slaves" owned hunting rifles and edged weapons. This did not require any licenses and permits. They freely carried weapons where it was dictated by local customs not prohibited by law - for example, in the Caucasus or in places where Cossacks lived, but this mainly concerned cold bladed weapons. By the way, in the Caucasus, not only local "mountain eagles" were free to carry weapons - Russians who came to the Caucasus had weapons with them almost without fail, and not only daggers, but also pistols.

Weapon culture in Russia developed in a very peculiar way. It had very significant differences in the regions, there were also differences between the city and the countryside. In the European part of Russia, revolvers and pistols were considered "master's weapons" and absolutely useless for the rural economy. Long-barreled rifled weapon were armed "risky people" - hunters, Siberian explorers and Cossacks, these passionaries of that time had a rifle or a carbine in every house. Another thing is a gun - a useful thing in all respects. Coachmen, especially in the postal service, did not set out without a gun. The innkeepers kept him under the counter, with cartridges loaded with coarse salt. The watchmen, keeping the master's good, used it. The traveling doctors were armed with pistols, and the right to acquire, store and carry weapons was practically unlimited.

In the 17-18 centuries, the first acts began to appear, establishing the categories of subjects who could own weapons, and the further, the more of these categories became. Somewhere from the 19th century, in some regions of the Empire, the acquisition system formally became permissive - the governor-general or mayor issued licenses to mentally healthy and law-abiding residents to acquire "non-combat" types of firearms (except for hunting, his possession was free). They, in the presence of "extraordinary circumstances" (unrest, riots, as well as specific facts of careless or malicious use of weapons), could deprive a person of weapons or introduce a special procedure for selling them, but only for the duration of these circumstances. But in practice, weapons were obtained everyone who applied, because then the state did not yet suspect in every student a Marxist and Narodnaya Volya, and in every officer a Decembrist. The code of laws of the Russian Empire established responsibility for violation of the regime of carrying weapons, but the same Code minimized cases of its use.

In addition, in the villages and rural settlements, where most of the population lived at that time, there were no gendarmes or officials at all, and each peasant considered it his duty to keep a gun behind the stove from robbers. Such liberalism, by the way, gave rise to a very controversial practice of dueling. For hot students, young poets, proud officers and other nobles, it has never been a problem to resolve a male dispute by force of arms. The government did not like this practice, which led to the prohibition of duels and strict punishment for participating in them, but never - to the restriction of the right to weapons. Well-known pre-revolutionary Russian lawyers (Koni, Andreevsky, Urusov, Plevako, Alexandrov) drew attention to the fact that the subjects of the Russian Empire very often used handguns for self-defense, defending the right to life, health, family and property. Needless to say, most of the lawyers educated in the spirit of European freedoms directly supported the right of the Russian people to free use of weapons.

In cities until 1906 pistols "Nagant" or "Browning" could be purchased completely freely at an affordable price of 16 - 20 rubles (the minimum monthly wage). More advanced "Parabellum" and "Mauser" cost more than 40 rubles. There were cheap samples, for 2-5 rubles, however, they did not differ in special quality. After the first Russian revolution, the seizure of firearms began. Now only a person who presented a personal certificate (similar to a modern license) issued by the head of the local police had the right to buy a pistol. During 1906 alone, tens of thousands of revolvers and pistols acquired by the Russians before the adoption of the new rules were seized (in Rostov alone, 1137 "barrels" were seized). But this campaign also affected only powerful pistols (over 150 J of muzzle energy) and military models. Rifles and carbines of a military model, in indigenous Russia, were also confiscated, including from the "gentlemen", except for the award and prize copies. The “civilian public”, for hunting in the European part of Russia, was considered allowed single and double-barreled rifled fittings or “tees”. Yes, and on the "outskirts of the Empire" people were still quite armed.

The exceptions were army and navy officers, police and gendarmerie officials, border guards, as well as government bodies who had the right to acquire personal property, for official use, of any small arms... These "sovereign" people could and even were obliged to use weapons for personal self-defense or maintaining public order and off-duty. Upon retirement, these categories of civil servants retained the right to own weapons.

At the beginning of the century, when scientific and technological progress was gaining momentum, and residential buildings and hotels were already appearing in Russia in all respects, modern, where there was hot water, elevators, telephones and refrigeration units. Electricity illuminated not only apartments, rooms and entrances, but also the territories adjacent to new buildings, where city trams were running briskly on electric traction.

At the same time, a new word was said in the field of self-defense weapons - a hammerless semi-automatic (self-loading) pocket pistol, combined the compactness of a small-caliber revolver, or derringer, but the safety and amount of self-loading ammunition:

The hammerless pistols allowed a potential victim to use such a weapon without much preparation. A fragile, frightened and confused lady could hit an attacker without even damaging her manicure. However, there were various kinds of hybrids that were quite successful and in demand.

1. A hammerless gun of the "Liège Manufactory" according to the Anson and Delay system. Steel barrels of the "Liège Manufactory" tested by smokeless powder, left choke-boron, guillotine bar, triple breechblock with Greener's bolt, block with cheeks protecting the barrels from loosening, a safety lock on the neck of the stock, if desired, the drummers can be lowered smoothly without hitting the piston, Perde's forend , small English engraving, caliber 12, 16 and 20. Price 110 rubles 2. The hammerless cage gun of the "Liege Manufactory" according to the Anson and Dealey system. Steel barrels of the "Liège Manufactory" tested with smokeless powder, both chock-boring, guillotine bar, four-fold "Rational" bolt with a Greener bolt, a block with cheeks protecting the barrels from loosening, a safety lock on the neck of the stock, if desired, the drummers can be lowered smoothly without hitting the piston , Perde handguard, fine English engraving, 12 gauge, 17 vershoks barrels, about 8 lbs. Price 125 rubles. There were also much cheaper and quite reliable single-barreled and double-barreled guns available to the poor, at a price of 7-10 rubles.

Anatoly Fedorovich Koni, Chief Prosecutor of the Criminal Cassation Department of the Governing Senate (highest prosecutor's position), member of the State Council of the Russian Empire "On the Right of Necessary Defense": "A person has a sense of self-preservation. It is inherent in him both as a morally reasonable creature and as the highest creation of an animal. This feeling is embedded by nature in a person so deeply that it almost never leaves him; a person strives for self-preservation, on the one hand, instinctively, and on the other, realizing his right to exist. measures to disgust her; - he has a right to this and, moreover, the right, which should be considered as innate. Conscious of his right to exist, a person protects this right from any other people's encroachment, from any wrong. "The most reliable pistol was nevertheless revolver, a misfire of one cartridge, did not lead to the withdrawal of the revolver from the bo state, because the next time the trigger was pulled, another cartridge was fed. And the drums of small-caliber Velodog revolvers held up to 20 cartridges:

In addition to hunting rifles, the purchase of which in Russia, until 1917, no one and no one was required permits. There were also pistols, which in fact were sawn-off shotguns of single and double-barreled hunting rifles, both the simplest ones and stylized as antique or combat pistols. in demand among those who did not want to burden themselves with a trip to the police station or, due to the specifics of the work, transferred it, for example, from one watchman to another or from one seller who handed over a shift to another:

Almost all coachmen and car owners had such a pistol or a cheaper, but no less effective domestic analogue under their seats, the abundance of which was provided by various artels and partnerships, which did not need advertising because of their cheapness. And the state Imperial Tula Arms Factory (ITOZ), in addition to the low price, also ensured high quality thanks to constant research and testing. ready to use. Catching the owner of such a weapon by surprise is very difficult even for an experienced robber:

The pragmatic Russian peasantry, as a rule, enjoyed the greatest demand for domestic hunting rifles, they, in addition to the always necessary practical use, were also an excellent guarantee against any encroachments from uninvited guests. , on the free Russian market civilian weapons. Here are such "economy class", but excellent quality and reliability of a gun, even offered by expensive metropolitan arms stores:

Naturally, with the onset of 1917, the beginning of mass desertion from the front, and the weakening of the government, control over the armament of citizens dropped significantly. In addition, soldiers leaving the hated war often returned home with rifles and pistols, or even heavier ones. Thus, the general armament of Russian times Civil War contributed not only to bloodshed, but also the self-defense of the inhabitants of Russia from numerous gangs, as well as, for example, the expulsion of the interventionists and a wide partisan war against Kolchak in Siberia without any Red Army. An interesting moment - after the October Revolution, the Bolsheviks were able to immediately gain a foothold only in the central provinces of Russia, whose population was less armed than in the Caucasian and Cossack outskirts. The tough actions of the food detachments did not meet any resistance only in central Russia, from which people most willingly went to the Red Army - weapons returned a sense of freedom.

Having seized power, the Bolsheviks tried to limit the right to own weapons by introducing a corresponding ban in the Criminal Code. However, the Criminal Code of the RSFSR in 1926 contained a completely ridiculous sanction at that time - six months of correctional labor or a fine of up to a thousand rubles with confiscation of weapons. In 1935, imprisonment for up to 5 years was established, when the situation in the world became complicated, and terrorists of various sizes were operating in the country, the "authorities" actually turned a blind eye to the violation of this article. Plus, this did not apply to hunting weapons. Smooth-bore rifles, berdanks, "small guns" were sold and stored completely freely, like fishing rods or garden tools. To purchase them, you had to present a hunting ticket.

Here it is important to understand that the Bolsheviks did not forbid, but simply transferred the possession of weapons to another plane. And "screwing the nuts" was compensated by the free circulation of hunting weapons and general militarization civil life... In addition, most of the civilian passionaries of that time - the heads of factories, party commissars and all politically important people up to the leaders of collective farms had a pistol with them and could open fire on those who seemed to them to be a bandit or terrorist. In a period of constant tension at the borders, weapons were generally an integral attribute of tens of millions of people living in threatened territories. And, for example, "excesses on the ground" during collectivization immediately met with an adequate armed rebuff, which served as one of the reasons for adjusting the course and recognizing "dizziness. from success ”. The operational reports of the NKVD administrations of that time are full of reports of how the peasants met especially zealous "collectivizers" with merciless shooting.

After 1953, there was also a legislative weakening of the procedure for the circulation of weapons among the population. Thus, citizens were given the right to freely purchase hunting from trading organizations. smoothbore weapon without "troubles" with hunting tickets. At the same time, a group of lawyers of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR prepared the first draft law on weapons. According to him, “trustworthy citizens” (as in tsarist times, loyal to the regime) were supposed to be allowed to acquire firearms, including short-barreled ones, on the basis of personal property rights. It was supposed to sell to citizens the samples of weapons removed from service (except for automatic ones), as well as trophy and lend-lease ones (no restrictions on the power of the ammunition used were planned). The law was approved by almost all instances, except for one, the most important - by the end of the 50s, the "nuts" came to their original position.

Everything changed in the late 1960s. The free possession of even hunting weapons was prohibited and the requirements for hunting tickets were reinstated. Since then, no one, except the police and the military, has been able to freely own weapons. Weapons have become the privilege of militiamen and chekists. For an ordinary citizen, even a hunting rifle meant a humiliating "reference". A campaign to surrender the "hunting minimum" began, which resulted in the police permitting system. And the number of policemen has increased fivefold.

Gift miniature Colt revolver chambered for the central battle in an original case with accessories (modeled on the Colt naval revolver Model 1851 for officers of the Russian fleet, 44 caliber). Steel, bronze, wood, bone, forging, casting, stamping, gilding, hand engraving, bluing. Overall length - 11.6 cm; barrel length - 6.6 cm; caliber - 0.25cm. The barrel is steel octahedral, with an unregulated domed front sight. The entire surface of the barrel is decorated with hand-engraved floral ornaments. The COLT PAT stamp is engraved on the inside of the barrel in the breech end. Under the barrel there is a lever that pivots on a hinge, designed for tightly pressing bullets into the drum chambers. The lever is engraved with the COLT brand. The drum is bronze, has six chambers and a channel in the center through which the axis moves. The surface of the drum is decorated with an engraved floral ornament, has teeth that secure the drum when it turns. The striker is absent, but easily recoverable. A trigger with a knurled needle. The handle of the revolver is formed by two wooden cheeks, pulled together by a bronze frame. At the bottom of the handle there is a bronze safety ring. The trigger guard is made of bronze, the trigger is C-shaped. Single action firing mechanism, in need of minor repairs. The original wooden case with a bronze latch, covered with green velvet inside and has cradles for a revolver and accessories. The size of the case is 19.7x11.6x3.3 cm. The set includes a screwdriver, tweezers for loading and removing spent cartridges, a ramrod, 7 rounds. All tools have carved bone handles and blued steel parts. A plaque with the engraved inscription 1851 Navy Colt fircarms Russland is fixed inside the case. On the underside of the case is the original Colt label # 35. This was the first sample of weapons produced by Colt not for the army and civilian use, but for collecting. In Russia, the Colt appeared in the middle of the 19th century. The production of Colt revolvers began in Tula. Back in 1851, craftsmen Peter, Nikolai and Ivan Goltyakovs produced individual copies of Colt's naval revolvers (model 1815), and on April 6, 1854, a revolver produced by Tula gunsmiths was presented as a gift to Nicholas I. The emperor, appreciating the weapon, ordered to make 400 of these copies worth 30 silver rubles for the soldiers of the guards naval crew and 70 revolvers for officers of the rifle regiment of the imperial family. This model is not represented in the collections of Russian museums, which increases the antique value of the gift revolver. Extremely rare. USA, 1850s - 1860s. It is an antique weapon of historical and cultural value. This weapon, as having cultural value, is not subject to the Rules for the circulation of civil and service weapons and cartridges for them on the territory of the Russian Federation, approved by the Government of the Russian Federation of July 21, 1998 No. 814 On measures to regulate the circulation of civilian and service weapons and cartridges thereof in the territory of the Russian Federation ...

Hunting rifle, double-barreled with capsule locks, master Artari - Colombo in Moscow, 1855. Steel, white metal, walnut, horn, forging, engraving, gold and silver inlay, carving, oxidation. Overall length - 113.6 cm; barrel length - 61.3 cm; rifled barrel caliber - 2.1 cm; smooth barrel caliber - 2.2 cm. Steel barrels, round, blued gray. One bore is rifled, the other bore is smooth. The muzzles and breeches of the barrels are decorated with silver inlaid in the form of a stylized geometric ornament. On the breech of the rifled barrel, the head of a bear is inlaid with gold, and on the smooth barrel there is an image of the head of a tiger. The barrels are connected by a bar-bar. The master's name is inlaid in silver on the receiver bar: "ARTARI V'MOSKVE". Sights consist of a round front sight and a high rear sight with a triangular slot. The barrels are attached to the stock with hooks and bolts. A horny plate is placed under the latch. Under the breech of the barrels there is a tide with a groove for attaching the forend. On the inside of the trunks are embossed: the date "1855", twice the master's name stamp in the form of the letter "A". The union has capsule locks on both sides and two brand tubes on each barrel. Each barrel held two charges, making it a four-shot weapon. On the right side of the key board there is an engraved image of a running wolf and an engraved inscription "Artari", on the left there is an image of a running dog and an engraved inscription: "a Moscоu". The neck of the butt is decorated with a carved mesh in the shape of rhombuses. The forend reaches the middle of the trunks and is trimmed with a horn plate. The butt without cheek. The neck of the butt is decorated with a carved mesh in the shape of rhombuses. The device consists of two triggers, a trigger guard with a short front vein and a long rear veneer, a horn butt plate and a wooden ramrod. A round swivel is attached to the lower ridge of the butt. The veneers are decorated with engraving. State of preservation is good, slight oxidation wear on the trunks, minor scratches on the stock, a metal cover for the valve of a later period. The presented gun was intended for hunting a large game and was custom-made by the Moscow craftsman Artari, who worked in Moscow, in a weapons workshop located at 8 Spassko-Sadovaya Street, from 1835 to 1871. Artari became famous for his fittings for hunting big game and original guns and pistols, decorated in the pseudo-Russian style. No more than 15 - 20 guns were produced per year. The master made weapons only by hand, so each of his items is distinguished by high quality workmanship, beauty of decoration and originality of design. The works of the master at exhibitions in Moscow in 1853 and in St. Petersburg in 1861 were awarded small gold medals, and at the exhibition in 1865 - a large gold medal for the high quality of weapons and for making them from domestic materials. There is a version that two gunsmiths, Artari Ivan and Artari - Colombo Peter worked. Russia, Moscow, master Artari - Colomba, 1855. It is an antique weapon of significant historical and cultural value, has a museum value. It can be a worthy addition to any collection. Extremely rare for the antique market. This weapon, as having cultural value, is not subject to the "Rules for the circulation of civilian and service weapons and ammunition for them on the territory of the Russian Federation" and approved by the Government of the Russian Federation of July 21, 1998 No. 814 "On measures to regulate the circulation of civilian and service weapons and cartridges for him on the territory of the Russian Federation ". There is a conclusion of the State Historical Museum, registered with Rosokhrankultura.

A pair of dueling pistols in their original case with accessories. Steel, wood, forging, bluing, engraving. Pistol length - 42.5 cm; trunk length with a tail - 32.5 cm; trunk length without tail - 25.6 cm; caliber - 1.3 cm; rifling - 10. Steel barrels, rifled, with a damask pattern, octagonal, with adjustable front sight and rear sight on the shank. The breeches of the trunks and tails are decorated with engraved floral designs. Brandtubes are located on the right side of the curly tides. Cap locks, with smooth boards, decorated with light engraving of stylized curls. On the cheeks of the locks, the master's mark is affixed: "HENRY PERON A S-t OMER". Walnut handles, curved, widened in the lower parts, dripped. The device of the handles consists of: a trigger guard with a sub-finger curvature, decorated in the same style as the key board, figured engraved larvae and fasteners and studs. The bed is decorated with beautifully carved curls. The barrels are fixed to the forend of the stock with pins with oval caps. The butt plates of the handles are steel figured, decorated with light engraving, with stepped tails. The case (46.2x26.9x8.1 cm) is wooden, smooth, polished, with brass corners and a handle, lined with brown velvet inside with sockets for pistols and tools. The kit includes: a wooden ramrod with a brass tip for winding rags and cleaning the barrels, steel ramrod, steel bullet, socket wrench, scoop for lead, mallet, steel vise, powder flask, two ramrod tips, lead bullets in the amount of 7 pcs., Oiler. France, Saint-Omer, gunsmith Henry Peron, second half of the 19th century. It is an antique weapon of historical and cultural value.

Revolver "Smith-Wesson" No. 3 "Russian third model" arr. 1874 Steel, wood, forging. Overall length - 32.6 cm; barrel length - 16.5 cm; caliber - 1,056cm (44 "Russian"); rifling 5. The barrel is steel, rounded, with an unregulated front sight and the whole. Outside it has a T-shaped comb to strengthen the barrel and reduce the height of the front sight, which goes into the upper wall of the frame with a slot for fastening the frame; a lug with a channel for the extractor rod, which has a thread for the drum axis, and an eyelet with a hole for the axis connecting the barrel part of the frame to the frame base. The name of the manufacturer's company in Russian is engraved on the crest: "Smith and Wesson Arms Factory G. Springfield America". The number of products delivered under the contract to Russia is about 41 thousand; produced from 1874 to 1878. Break barrel with simultaneous extraction of sleeves. The drum rotates counterclockwise and has a capacity of 6 rounds. The handle is formed by two wooden plates, fixed with one screw. On the bottom of the handle there is a number 9897 and a lanyard or belt ring. But the lateral surface of the frame is pierced: "sample 1874". In working order. America for Russia, 1870s. It is an antique weapon of historical and cultural value.

Pair of travel primer pistols in original case, with accessories. Steel, wood, fabric, engraving. The total length of the pistol is 15.8 cm; barrel length - 7.6 cm; caliber - 1.25cm. Steel barrel, rifled, round in cross section. On the lower part of the barrel the "M" stamp is pierced. Cap lock, with the right brandtube. Steel oval trigger bracket with engraved floral ornament. The handle is steel, teardrop-shaped, lowered down. The handle is decorated with floral designs. On the outside of the hilt, a gunsmith's clemo is pierced: "Vincent Brevete S.G.D.G." (Worked in Saint-Etienne in 1854-1870). The headset consists of a screwdriver, a bullet, an oiler, a jar for primers. All items are housed in a wooden case covered with black leather. There is a brass handle on the front cover. Case size 22.2x23.2x:, 3cm. France, Saint-Etienne, 1854-1870. It is an antique weapon of historical and cultural value.

A pair of dueling flintlock pistols in a box with an instrument. Damascus steel, metal, wood, forging, engraving. Overall length of the pistol - 28.3 cm.; barrel length with a shank - 19.0 cm; barrel length without shank 14.5 cm; caliber - 1.3 cm. The barrel is made of forged twisted Damascus steel, round in the front and octagonal in the breech. Equipped with an unregulated brass front sight. Battery-type flintlock lock. On the right cheek, the manufacturer's inscription is engraved: “Dumarest S-t Ettiene”. The left cheek of the lock is also steel, curly. The stock with the handle is walnut, carved, at the shank it is decorated with floral ornamentation made in silver. Trigger brace, ramrod entrance, bushing and apple - steel, cast, curly. The ramrod is wooden with a horn tip, the second pistol has a steel corkscrew for wiping. The device includes: a measure for gunpowder, a caliber bullet, a powder flask with gunpowder, a screwdriver, a mallet, 5 bullets. The box is wooden, carved, veneered with walnut burl. Box size - 35.5X26X10cm. Lined with green velvet inside, equipped with a lock with a key for locking. France, Saint-Etienne, late 18th - early 19th century. It is an antique weapon of historical and cultural value.

A pair of dueling pistols in their original case with accessories. Steel, wood, forging, engraving, carving. Pistol length - 42.6 cm; trunk length with a tail - 32.3 cm; trunk length without tail - 23.9 cm; caliber - 1.16 cm; rifling - 27. Steel barrels, rifled, hexagonal, with adjustable front sight and rear pillars on the shank. The breeches of the barrels, muzzle and tails are decorated with engraved floral designs. A number of brands are pierced on the barrels and the breech: number 22056, "cal.44", letters "RS", number 700, etc. Brandtubes are located on the right side of the curly tides. Cap locks, with smooth boards, decorated with light engraving of stylized curls. Oak handles, curved, widened in the lower parts, dripped. The device of the handles consists of: a trigger guard with a sub-finger curvature, decorated in the same style as the lock board. The barrels are fixed to the forend of the stock with pins with oval caps. The butt plates of the handles are steel curly, with stepped tails. The case (49.8x29.9x7.2 cm) is wooden, smooth, polished, with a brass cartouche in the center, lined with crimson velvet inside with sockets for pistols and tools. The kit includes: a wooden ramrod with a brass tip for winding rags and cleaning the barrels, steel ramrod, steel bullet, socket wrench, mallet, powder flask, ramrod tip, wooden jar for primers, lead bullet. Western Europe, end of XIX century. It is an antique weapon of historical and cultural value

Belgian revolver Smith - Wesson ".44 Double Action 1st edition", (.44 Russian). Steel, wood, forging, casting, carving. Overall length - 28.9 cm; barrel length - 15.0 cm; caliber - 1.1cm (.44) Russian; rifling - 5. Steel barrel, rounded, with a T-shaped raised aiming bar, with an unregulated front sight and the whole. Equipped with a spring lock. Break steel barrel with simultaneous extraction of sleeves. On the upper part of the trunk there is an inscription: “RUSSKI MODEL. "SMITH & VESON" "Double action trigger mechanism. The drum bears verification marks in the form of the letters "LEG" with an asterisk in the oval and the letter "E" under the star. On the cheek under the drum, on one side, the brand is punched: "S&B", on the other "E" with a star, on the frame under the drum there is a stamp "LN". The handle is formed by two wooden corrugated cheeks, fastened with one screw. At the bottom of the handle there is a ring for a safety cord. Revolver in very good condition. At the end of the 19th century, these revolvers were popular among Russian officers, as they were lighter and more compact than service weapons and had a double-action trigger mechanism. Belgium for Russia, late 19th century. It is an antique weapon of historical and cultural value.

Revolver five-shot capsule gunsmith Reinhard Stahl in Hassfurt. Steel, wood, engraving. Overall length - 30.1 cm; barrel length - 14.1cm, caliber - 0.9cm; rifling - 5. Steel barrel, octagonal, rifled, with adjustable steel front sight and entirely on the receiver. There is a loading mechanism at the bottom of the barrel. On the right side of the barrel, near the receiver, the number is punched: "NOT 1253". The drum has five chambers. The name of the gunsmith is engraved on the drum in a circle: "REINHARD STAHL in HASSFURT", on the side surface of the drum the number "2" is punched. Single action trigger mechanism. Steel trigger bracket. Polished striped maple grip, fixed to the frame with one screw. All steel parts are decorated with light grapevine engraving. Gunsmith Reinhard Stahl worked in Hassfurt am Main in 1865 - 1873 and offered the submitted revolver model to the government to arm the officers, but was refused. Revolver in good working order. Extremely rare in the antique market. Germany, Hassfurt, master Reinhard Stahl, 60s of the XIX century. It is an antique weapon of historical and cultural value.

In the catalog dedicated to medieval melee weapons in all its diversity, you will find long and short swords, daggers, swords, sabers and axes. Exact copies of a variety of cold and firearms created by European blacksmiths, halberds and brushes - all the achievements of weapons thought from different eras are at your service at a price much lower than the offers of the antique market.

You can safely use our hand weapons in historical reconstructions from the Middle Ages. Ammunition and armor from various eras and periods in the history of the ruling dynasties. Here you will find the sword of the Macleod clan, and the armor of the Templars, dagi of the Viking age.

Cold steel weapons of the middle ages

To purchase replicas of weapons from the Middle Ages, go through the simple ordering procedure. After choosing a souvenir in our catalog, fill in the data for registration of delivery. We will promptly deliver to the specified address in Moscow after agreeing with you the details of the order. Across Russia, the purchased goods are sent by the selected transport company.

Quality assurance

Our online store is an official seller of goods from reputable well-known manufacturers. A guarantee is provided for all copies of gift edged weapons; before sale, all souvenirs are manually checked by our specialists. Our replicas are not inferior in quality and historical relevance to many antique pieces, be it a knife or a gun.

We wish you pleasant shopping at the "Old Knight"!

Since ancient times, people have made and used various. With its help, a person earned food, defended himself from enemies, and guarded his dwelling. In the article we will consider some of its species that have survived from past centuries and are in the collections of special museums.

From stick to club

Initially, the first human weapon was an ordinary strong stick. Over time, for convenience and greater efficiency, they began to make it heavier and give it a comfortable shape. By shifting the center of gravity to the end of the gun, they achieved maximum acceleration and a heavier blow. This is how an ancient weapon appeared - a club. For use in a collision with enemies, wedges made of stone or metal were driven into the branch. Manufacturing was cheap and did not require any specific skills to use. Any strong man could use it, unlike a spear, in which throwing one had to train in advance.

Heroic mace

In connection with the constant conquest of territories and the outbreak of wars, the requirements for weapons as a destructive tool grew. The club made of wood did not cope with the tasks assigned to it. Therefore, they began to bind it with iron and equip it with thorns. This is how the next ancient Russian weapons, which became known as the mace. At the end of its handle there was a stone or metal pommel with spikes or iron feathers. Reasonable distribution of power made it possible to shorten the weapon. There was no longer the need to carry it on the shoulder, it was enough to shove the mace into the belt. In addition, its effectiveness sometimes surpassed the quality of the sword. A blow with a mace stopped the enemy faster than slashing a sword through armor.

Melee weapon

Along with the club, the warriors used such ancient edged weapons as an ax and a sword. The ax is one that was used in close combat. The chopping part of this tool is made in the shape of a crescent. The usefulness of the ax was that the rounded blade could cut through helmets and shields without getting stuck in them. The handle of the ax differed from the clumsy one in that it was straight and easy to grip from one hand to the other. The balance was maintained either by the weight of the butt or by the presence of a second blade. The chopping blows of the ax were very effective, but they expended a lot of the warrior's strength. It was impossible to swing it as often as a sword. The advantages were that the ax was easy to forge, moreover, the dull blade did not reduce the force of the blow. The ax was capable of breaking the neck and ribs under the armor.

It is worth noting here that such an ancient weapon as a sword, although it was combat, was created using expensive technology, and only mercenaries and aristocracy had it. He was capable of inflicting cutting, chopping and stabbing blows. In Russia, swords appeared in the middle of the 8th century thanks to the Scandinavian warriors, who exchanged them for beaver and fox fur. Their origin is evidenced by the marks on the blades found on Russian lands. The rest of the details of swords were produced or improved by ancient Russian craftsmen. Later, the sword was replaced by the saber, which was borrowed from the Tatars.

When the smell of gunpowder

With the invention of gunpowder in the X-XII centuries, ancient firearms arose, which began to be used in China. The first use of cannons in Russia is mentioned in the description during a collision with Khan Tokhtamysh in 1382. Such a weapon was called a handgun. It was a metal tube with a handle. The gunpowder, poured into the barrel, was set on fire through a special hole with a hot rod.

At the beginning of the 15th century, a wick lock appeared in Europe to set fire to the contents, and then a wheel lock. When the trigger was pressed, the cocked spring launched the wheel, which, in turn, rotating, rubbed against the flint, striking sparks. In this case, the gunpowder ignited. It was a sophisticated ancient weapon that could not replace the wick ignition, but became the prototype of pistols.

Since ancient times, people have made and used various types of weapons. With its help, a person earned food, defended himself from enemies, and guarded his dwelling. In the article we will consider ancient weapons - some of their types that have survived from past centuries and are in the collections of special museums.

From stick to club

Heroic mace

In connection with the constant conquest of territories and the outbreak of wars, the requirements for weapons as a destructive tool grew. The club made of wood did not cope with the tasks assigned to it. Therefore, they began to bind it with iron and equip it with thorns. This is how the next old Russian weapon arose, which began to be called the mace. At the end of its handle there was a stone or metal pommel with spikes or iron feathers. Reasonable distribution of power made it possible to shorten the weapon. There was no longer the need to carry it on the shoulder, it was enough to shove the mace into the belt. In addition, its effectiveness sometimes exceeded the quality of a sword. A blow with a mace stopped the enemy faster than slashing a sword through armor.

Melee weapon

Along with the club, the warriors used such ancient edged weapons as an ax and a sword. The ax is a battle ax that was used in close combat. The chopping part of this tool is made in the shape of a crescent. The usefulness of the ax was that the rounded blade could cut through helmets and shields without getting stuck in them. The handle of the ax differed from the clumsy one in that it was straight and easy to grip from one hand to the other. The balance was maintained either by the weight of the butt or by the presence of a second blade. The chopping blows of the ax were very effective, but they expended a lot of the warrior's strength. It was impossible to swing it as often as a sword. The advantages were that the ax was easy to forge, moreover, the dull blade did not reduce the force of the blow. The ax was capable of breaking the neck and ribs under the armor.

It is worth noting here that such as a sword, although it was a combat one, was created using expensive technology, and only mercenaries and aristocracy had it. He was capable of inflicting cutting, chopping and stabbing blows. In Russia, swords appeared in the middle of the 8th century thanks to the Scandinavian warriors, who exchanged them for beaver and fox fur. Their origin is evidenced by the marks on the blades found on Russian lands. The rest of the details of swords were produced or improved by ancient Russian craftsmen. Later, the sword was replaced by the saber, which the Russian soldiers borrowed from the Tatars.

When the smell of gunpowder

The silicon shock lock appeared in the middle of the 16th century. In it, sparks igniting the gunpowder were carved by the flint inside the trigger and hitting the flint. The cartridge, which contained a lead bullet and a charge of gunpowder, was introduced into use at the end of the 17th century. Later, the weapon was equipped with a bayonet, which made it possible to participate in close combat. In the Russian army, the principle of operation of the weapon did not change, the differences were only in certain types of structures corresponding to each

Ancient weapons. Ancient edged weapons and armor of India (42 photos). When the smell of gunpowder

Cold steel weapons of the middle ages

Quality assurance

From stick to club

Heroic mace

Melee weapon

When the smell of gunpowder

From stick to club

Heroic mace

Melee weapon

When the smell of gunpowder

The last

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