Dirty rivers india. The dirtiest river in the world. The dirtiest rivers of Asia
Volga-one of the largest rivers of Europe and the world, to the pool area of \u200b\u200bwhich accounts for as many as 8% of Russia (1.360.000 km ^ 2), is the most polluted destination of the Russian Federation, and this the dirtiest river in Europe. Special attention is paid to the tributaries of the eye and kama. Experts from the World Bank made a conclusion: the tributaries on environmental conclusion are estimated as "very dirty", and in places "extremely dirty". The mouth of the Volga, according to the research of the group, scientists from the University of California, is among the top ten most polluted coastal zones.
The main reason for such serious pollution is the concentration of major cities in the river basin. There are 50% of the country's agricultural production and almost as many industrial. About 60 out of 100 cities with the highest percentage of air pollution are located near or in the river basin. Another significant causes of pollution are inconsolable and uncontrolled drains, which, after storm rains, carry the volume of oil, oils and other uncleans in the waters of the Volga. The construction of reservoirs led to a sharp change in the natural regime of the river, which turned the Volga in the lakes' series. In the 50s of the last century, the water in the Volga was considered drinking, but in our time it represents only a large unsanitary reservoir.
Expanding along the shores of blue-green algae in the summer - a real catastrophe for the Volga reservoirs. Covering 25-30% of the water surface of the reservoir, these organisms are able to distinguish about 300 different types of organic substances, of which most of the poisonous. Moreover, without monitoring, more than 75% of the substances allocated are unknown. Fixing, algae falls on the bottom, where they are decomposed and create an ideal environment for its self-reproduction. In the process, phosphorus and nitrogen are distinguished, which causes secondary pollution of water.
Pollution is most threatened with small freaks of the Volga. Only in Nizhny Novgorod are such 12. Ruga rust is recognized as the toxic and dirty. Oil-containing products flow from garage cooperatives there, and on the shore there is a real dump from industrial enterprises.
Mississippi
It passed a little more than 300 years, as the first European colonialists were on the shore of the largest North American River - Mississippi. And in just a relatively short period of water time of this river, ranging from the source in Minnesota and ending with the mouth in Louisiana, poisoned. The main reason, oddly enough, became a man and his activity.
A few decades ago, water from Mississippi was so clean that it could be drunk. Many keiders loved spending time on the waves of this river. But today it is here, then there are all the dead carcasses of alligators, fish and other inhabitants of the Mississippi waters.
Indians who lived once on the shores of this river, called her "Father Waters", whose waters are cleaned by themselves throughout the channel. But the industrial era came. Today, hundreds of industrial and agricultural effluents are suitable for the river, which for many years undermine the health of the "Great River".
Already near the source of the river, the researchers discovered chlorine-containing hydrocarbons (widely used in the modern chemical industry), which fall into the water through the atmosphere. Naturally, fishing in these places is strictly prohibited. Conducting an analysis of the air sphere, the environmentalists have discovered about 100 different poisonous substances that are constantly circulating in the US atmosphere. If you get into the river, such substances settle on the bottom, where mixing with sludge occurs, and this is already a nutrient medium for algae, then fish and, directly, man. These chemicals are represented by nitrogen oxide, sulfur, carbon, which are waste from refining, are contained in pesticides introduced into the soil in household chemicals.
"Large dirty", as Americans call Missouri, connects with Mississippi in the state of the same name. Here the river acquires much more stormy. Even the first Europeans were amazed by the velocities of the flow, which easily carried the trees on themselves. After time, both technological were added to this natural pollution: waste from refining, pulp and paper factories, food enterprises and metallurgical plants. And such cities for the river a huge amount.
Readerum
Stretching through the island of Java in Indonesia by 300 kilometers, the River for the Millenniums was a valuable water resource for local residents. Until now, the river is used in agriculture, generation of electricity and water supply of cities.
In connection with the unprecedented growth of the industry in the region, the river deserves the title of the dirtiest river in the world. The protection of the river in terms of ecology did not have time for such a rapid growth rate of industry, measures for the safe and environmental destruction of waste were not taken into account.
The river banks have become a favorable place of construction of factories and factories, as well as a waste disposal location. Decades of the river was filled with all sorts of poisonous chemicals. A sharp increase in population in Yava increased the number of household garbage. Thanks to these factors, the surface of the river turned into a dense garbage canvas, which is the cause of many diseases. Life in the river has long been almost ceased to exist. In addition, residents of numerous villages use contaminated water in everyday life: wash clothes, believing that chemicals in water will help destroy malicious bacteria; Children bathe in the river and use debris of garbage as toys. Although the inhabitants are well aware in the dangers of waste, some simply lack basic knowledge to realize what damages can cause chemicals. Many fishermen ceased to engage in the usual thing for themselves and began to collect garbage and hand over him for processing, which is much more profitable.
In 2008, 15 million US dollars were allocated for the cleaning of the river, as well as to train the local population to appeal to it. To date, the surface of the river is not so tightly closed with garbage, but the plants continue to drain their toxic waste into it, and for many people of its water replace the sewage. That is why that is the dirtiest river in the world.
Pollution of rivers has been taking more than two thousand years. And if earlier people did not notice this problem, today she reached a global scale. It is difficult to say whether the river planet remained on the planet with more or less clear water suitable for use without prior purification.
Sources of pollution of the rivers
The main reason for the pollution of rivers is the active growth and development of socio-economic life on the shores of the reservoirs. It was first established in 1954 that the cause of people's diseases was polluted water. Then the source of bad water was found, which was the cause of the cholera epidemic in London. In general, the sources of pollution there are a large amount. Let us dwell on the most essential:
- waste household waters of populated cities;
- agochemistry and pesticides;
- powders and cleaning products;
- household waste and garbage;
- industrial wastewater;
- chemical compounds;
- leakage of petroleum products.
Consequences of pollution of the rivers
All the above sources substantially change the chemical composition of water, reduce the amount of oxygen. Depending on the various contaminants, the rivers increase the amount of algae, which in turn outweigh animals and fish. This is the reason for changing the location of populations of fish and other river inhabitants, but many species just die.
Dirty water rivers is poorly cleaned before entering water pipes. It is used as drinking. As a result, cases of people's disease increase, because they drank crude water. Regular use of contaminated water contributes to the emergence of some infectious and chronic diseases. Sometimes some people may not know that the cause of health problems is dirty water.
Purification of water in rivers
If the problem of pollution of rivers is left, then many reservoirs can stop self-cleaning and exist. Cleaning activities should be carried out at the state level of many countries, establishing various cleansing systems, conducting special water purification activities. However, their lives and health can be protected in order to drink only clean water. For this, many people use cleansing filters. The main thing that each of us can do is not to throw garbage in the river and help the savings of the ecosystems of water bodies, less use cleaning agents and washing powders. It should be remembered that the foci of life originated in river basins, so it is necessary to promote the prosperity of this life in every way.
There were those times when bathing in rivers and lakes was safe and pleasure. We are increasingly peering into the water - there is no chemical divorce there, does something strange sing something strange?
Swimming in such water bodies means at least a bad smell, dirt, and even the risk of infection with unusual diseases, up to death.
And places like Lake Karachay or Indian Ganges are generally world leaders in their pollution. Unfortunately, this list is constantly expanding. We will talk about the most dirtiest water bodies in the world.
Citation. At the Indonesian Island, Java flows the most dirtiest river in the world. Its length is only 300 kilometers, but there are more than 500 plants on her shores, many of which are textile. All of them merge their waste in the citrum. Points for receiving garbage here simply does not exist, like toilets in modern form. But only 20 years ago, it was a nine clean river, which served people living on her shores. The citarum gave meals the numerous channels that the surrounding fields were irrigated, people were caught here, there was food and birds. Water even took for household needs. Today, due to garbage emissions from nine million people and hundreds of factories have places on the river, where the surface is not visible at all. About fish and speech can not be - now only plastic bottles are caught here. Although the dive into muddy waters of the cytarum and is dangerous to human health, people are still bathed here. Fishermen began to catch trash out of the water, it is more profitable than former fishery. Garbage collectors earn $ 1-2 per day, but this is fraught with the risk of the disease. Dirty water goes to rice fields where it absorbs into the soil. But the river is still a source of water for drinking and household needs. The decline was the result of the rapid growth of the industry in this region in the 80s. The negative effect is going on and on, after all, the citrum is one of the largest rivers feeding Lake Saguling. There, the French built the largest hydroelectric power station in West Java. Experts believe that garbage will soon become so much that the river fullness will decline. As a result, the HPP generator will stop output full power, which will lead to a lack of electricity for plants. Maybe even though it will allow the river to start breathing again.
Great North American lakes. On the border between Canada and the United States there are huge lakes - Michigan, Erie, Huron, Upper and Ontario. But today it is pretty dirty reservoirs, ahead of all others on the continent. Initially, lakes are natural wealth, there are not only a lot of fresh water, but also a rich animal world. But a person could not protect great lakes from typical environmental problems. The situation in them deteriorated sharply due to the surrounding chemical plants, metallurgy, oil refinery. These industrial facilities supply lakes to toxins, which makes the water with a real poisonous soup. The struggle of the US and Canada governments for the purity of the lakes is still unsuccessful. The largest foreground lake Planet is the largest area - the top has already changed its temperature mode. This leads to a change in the directions of wind and flows, which will change the appearance of a unique natural object.
Yangtze. The Chinese river is the third in the world in the world after Nile and Amazon and the longest in Asia with an indicator of 6,300 kilometers. But in the WWF ranking, it firmly ranks first, only by such a controversial criterion, like the dirtiest river in the world. The fact is that 17 thousand Chinese cities on the shores of Yangtze do not have a cleansing system. That is why all waste are dropped into a giant river. But for the largest megalopolises of the country - Shanghai, Uhanny and Nanjing Yangtze is the only source of water. That is why the state of this river for China itself is an urgent problem. About 500 million people live on the banks of the river, it contains 40% of all water reserves of the country. The authorities themselves declare that the quality of water is generally good. But the volume of polluted water in Yangtze is 34 billion tons. But according to officials, it is not enough about the trillion tons of annual flow. And every year this indicator increases by 2 percent. On the banks of the river there are 400 thousand chemical plants, 5 large steel mills and 7 oil refinery. In addition, on the river, about 300 thousand tons of such dangerous goods such as oil, liquid gas, fuel oil, gasoline are transported every day.
Ondaga Lake. This American lake is located in the state of New York, not far from Syracuse. In the US themselves, natural reservoir is indicated as an extremely dangerous place. But at the end of the XIX century, many resorts were built along the coastline. But the industrial revolution and the growth of cities led to a massive discharge of dirty water here, which led to the degradation of the lake. Today, there are nitrates, phosphates, mercury and dangerous bacteria here in abundance. In 1901, the authorities were forbidden to assemble years from Onondagi, and in 1940 they were banned here. In 1970, mercury pollution led to a ban on fishing. The law and clean water and the closure of large industrial pollutants in 1986, as well as the installation of clearative systems, did not help. Only in our time the fish gradually returns to the lake, the poultry decreased the content of chemicals in water. But until the complete victory is far away.
King River. This river is the most dirty in Tasmania. And the cause of such a phenomenon was the copper mine, which began to work at the end of the XIX century next to Kuinstaun. Tens of years in water dropped millions of tons of waste, and smoke from the pipe caused acid rains in this area. This water also stocked in King River. Until 1995, about 1.5 million tons of sulphides were discharged annually into the river. Even the closure of the mine did not particularly change the situation - after all, heavy waste is at the bottom of King River. The whole person dropped about a hundred million tons of waste into the river.
Huanghe. The famous Chinese Yellow River is the second largest in the country with an indicator of 5464 kilometers. Yellow color of its waters is associated with the nanos. But today the color of the water has become brown, and in some places and red. All wine - chemicals that are reset the neighboring plants into the river. The permanent installation of dams and the change in the flow of Juanhe leads to its drying on some segments. And rapidly growing Chinese cities only exacerbate the situation. In 2008, a report was officially published, which states that serious pollution made a third of the river generally unsuitable for agricultural or industrial use. Every year, 4.3 billion tons of waste drops in the yellow river, while the share of industry - 70%, and households - 23%. This is twice as bigger than resets to the river in the 80s and exceeds the possibilities of the river on the independent restoration of the balance. Even economic damage is calculated from such pollution - up to 15 billion yuan annually. The water of the yellow river is actively used by agriculture, which takes up to 90% of the total water used. As a result, the health of farmers under threat, and even additionally spend the filtering.
Lake Victoria. Access to this unique reservoir has three countries - Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania. As a result, disputes are being conducted and about who should take care of the lake. The reservoir was without the owner and although there are rules for local residents and guests, no one keeps them. Someone ishes a car here, and the neighboring settlements and the wrathor enterprises are discharged by wastewater. And this is despite the fact that in the lake bathes and fish. Meanwhile, the situation with water pollution is already so serious that contact with it can cause cholera, diarrhea and heavy skin diseases. Algae rapidly multiply in the lake, about half of the fish population disappeared.
Sarno River. Many call this river in the central part of Italy not only the most dirty in the country, but in general in Europe. Sarno passes through Pompeii and carries his waters to the Bay of Naples. Chemical fertilizers come here with fields, urban wastewater. The measures taken by the authorities do not give results. But Sarno's water is still used for irrigation. In addition, the river is often bottled, which further aggravates the ecological situation in the surrounding lands.
Mississippi. The main river of North America proceeds through 10 US states. Initially, the river valley covered with a thick layer of orst deposits was a fertile place. From the moment the Europeans came here, just three hundred years have passed. Now the largest water artery of the continent was poisoned by human activity. Recently, the river itself cleared its waters, but industrial drains and agricultural activities have significantly undermined the health of Mississippi. Today, the river carries toxic wastewater, it contains millions of cubic meters of waste and harmful bacteria. Chlorine-containing hydrocarbons fall into the river from the atmosphere. Sulfur oxides, nitrogen and carbon, as well as industrial waste, household chemicals, pesticides are abundantly present in the waters of Mississippi. Once there, they settled on the bottom, mixed with the sludge, becoming part of the fish diet. It is no coincidence in many places Fishing Here is generally prohibited. Below Minneapolis in Mississippi, the Water "Big Mud" - Missouri is strengthened. In the lower reaches, the river gives petrochemical plants. As a result, in Louisiana you can see huge oil spots on the river. In the last major city at Mississippi, New Orleans, in the 70-80-EN heights of oncological diseases. Drinking raw water here is categorically not recommended. And the mouth of the Mexican Bay at all appears this "zone of death". Not only exactly the whole garbage falls here, so because of him there is also a low oxygen concentration. This makes it impossible to habit of the aquatic organisms.
Karachay. In the twentieth century, the pollution of a new type appeared - radioactive. A classic example of such an inhuman treatment of nature - Lake Karachay in the Chelyabinsk region, Russia. On the shores of the reservoir since 1948, the Mayak plant began to operate, which processed the spent radioactive materials. Since 1951, this object began to use for the repository of waste liquid waste not the leak river, as before, but the lake Karachay. Currently, about 120 million Curie such radioactive materials such as cesium and strontium accumulated there. Over time, it was decided to fall asleep the lake completely, which was started in 1986, but not finished. Today, the caracha coast is almost the most dangerous place in the world. It is believed that the watch stay here can kill a person. True, with the backfill of the lake, the problem will not finally disappear, because soil waters will continue to inflate.
Ganges. The main Indian river is the third in the world. For a long time, it is considered sacred for Hindus, a pilgrimage is committed to it, but at the same time they make cremation on the shores of Ganges and ritual ablutions will be performed. Today, the river is considered one of the most dirtiest rivers in the world. But from the water of Ganga dependes the health and life of more than 500 million people living in her pool. Starting with the most upperwings, the river becomes dirty due to the overpopulated cities and the effluent of numerous enterprises. In addition, Ganga is also raised seasonally, collecting all the sewage and waste of human life. Even bathing in the river, not to mention drinking, provokes various infectious diseases. For example, a plot near the city of Varanasi contains 120 times more fecal enterobacteria than allowed. This is actually not a river, but a brown court from excrement and stocks. In this sacred place, cremate the deceased, and many dead and generally just dump into the river. Every year, 1.5-3 million people die from one of the swimming in Ganges and subsequent diseases, mostly children. State plans to create sewage treatment facilities failed. It is good that the river has long known self-cleaning abilities, simply not giving to multiply dangerous bacteria above a certain level.
When looking at these pictures, captured by a river killed by a man, you realize that pollution of nature can bring the death of mankind!
River Marilao, Philippines
Marilao is one of the 50 dead rivers in the Philippines. Industrial drains of numerous industrial enterprises and garbage, which emit 250 thousand inhabitants in its shores, killed all living things in the river. Today Greenpeace began a campaign to save Marilao, however, the government of the Philippines is so far, alas, do not interest.River Khan, China
The Khan River is fully covered with a layer of algae due to severe water pollution by industrial runoff.
River Yamuna, India
Yamuna is one of the sacred rivers of India and the main source of drinking water for the city of New Delhi. But the inhabitants and municipal authorities of New Delhi, it seems, does not care: 58% of the plum of urban sewage are sent straight to Jamun. In her waters you can find anything, - from dead tel to toxic impurities and domestic garbage. India's authorities recognize the problem, but for some effective measures do not take.
River Citarum, Indonesia
This river is officially recognized as the most dirty on the planet. More than 5 million people live on her shores, and annually about 50 thousand of them die because of its pollution. The most offensive thing is that the main source of pollution is household garbage, which residents are familiar to the water. Today, according to expert estimates, about 6 million tons of garbage accumulated in the waters of the citarum.
River Huangpu, China
Huangpu is the main source of drinking water for Shanghai. At the same time, in the waters of the river full of domestic garbage and toxic chemicals. To this, Shanghai residents seem to be accustomed. However, the incident, which happened in 2013, shook even them. Then local farmers dropped 16 thousand pigs in Huangpa. True, when the wave of disturbance was noted, everything remained.
Niger River, Nigeria
The Niger River Delta is the main place of production of Nigerian oil and at the same time the riche delta in the world is the most polluted petroleum products in the world. Every year at the Niger Delta is reset up to 240 thousand barrels of oil. For 25 years, from 1976 to 2001, these environmental disasters associated with large emissions of petroleum products in the Niger Delta every year. However, the government's government is more concerned with oil production than ecology.
River Pasig, Philippines
According to the Pasig River, local residents have long been walking, Aki Huhm. But this is not a miracle, but the result of the fact that the Philipins living on the shores of Pasiga are massively dumping household garbage into the water. About 1,500 tons (!) Domestic waste falls into the Pasig daily.
Red River, China
Red river is located in the Chinese district of Venjou. True, she received its name quite recently. The waters of the River blushed in 2014, when one of the local enterprises dropped a unknown chemical dye here. Over the past two years, the authorities did not manage to find the culprit, the water of the river, which used to be a source of drinking water for hundreds of thousands of people, and did not return their original color, and the new name of the river had already become familiar to the local residents and, it seems to remain with It is forever.
River Gang, India
The Gang River is the largest and most sacred river of India. In the waters of Ganges, numerous religious ceremonies are performed every day, including the funeral, during which the body of the deceased is simply released in sailing on the sacred waters of Ganges. After that, the Hindus without embarrassment do in Gange in the ablution, bathe and even drink from the river!
Mississippi, USA
Mississippi has always been considered the most religious river of America. But today she is also the dirtier in the United States. And all thanks to the industrial runoff. In 2010, the US industrial companies have dropped 12.7 million tons of poisonous chemicals in Water Mississippi. And in 2014, General Electric completed the case, dropping 31 thousand gallons of crude oil in Mississippi. So today to swim in Mississippi is not categorically recommended.
Lake Rajastana, India
Rajastan lakes system - Lake Jal Mahal, Jaisamand and Udaisagar - is considered the most dirtiest lake system in the world. The plants located on the shores of the lakes, decades dump in them garbage and merge the drains contaminated with poisonous chemicals. The director of the Indian Center for the Study of the Environment of Sunita Naine beats anxiety, stating that the pollution of the lakes threatens the nature of India as a whole. But while the lakes covered with garbage and remain ulcers on the body of the Earth.
Riot-de Janeiro River, Brazil
The whole world with horror learned about the monstrous level of pollution of the Rio de Janeiro water basin on the eve of the Olympic Games 2016. Athletes-vodds with indignation talked about rowing competitions in monstrously dirty water, which the country's authorities did not have time to clean to the Olympiad. But after the games, nothing was known. Industrial enterprises Rio still drain waste to urban rivers, and the federal legislation of Brazil does not allow you to punish the perpetrators. Tens of thousands of fish that came up with a belly up, have long been the usual part of the local landscape.
River Kujag, Ohio, USA
River Kujag in Industrial Cleveland One of the first in the world experienced all the environmental "charms" of industrialization. Her pollution by industrial runoff continues from the beginning of the 20th century. In 1969, the factory burned down on the bank of the river, after which the condition of water deteriorated sharply. During this time, more than a dozen species of water inhabitants were extinct in Kuyagoga.
Matans Riachuelo, Argentina
Seven million people living on the banks of the Matance Riachuelo River in Argentina are constantly experiencing health problems. But industrialists do not care: enterprises located on the banks of the river, dump poisonous stocks right into the river. Justice should notice that residents of the surrounding areas also contribute to the pollution of the river by the household garbage. As a result, about 3 million cubic meters of dirt fall into Matans Riachuelo daily - from chemical production waste to domestic garbage.
Jinghe River, China
Familiar look, right? But this is not a red river, but a bloody river. Her official name of Jingch, but the locals do not name it for a long time ago, since the local plant for the production of Christmas decorations and fireworks began to merge in Jingch industrial estates containing dyes. The most incredible that government agencies persistently declare: the water in the river is quite clean, and it is not necessary to pay attention to her color.
The water artery of our country mainly suffer from pollution by petroleum products, compounds of metals and organic substances containing nitrogen. The main role in this is played by the estates of industrial enterprises, as well as waste of rural and utilities. Recently, damage is increasing due to secondary pollution. So, The dirtiest rivers of Russia. Top 10:
The tenth place of our rankings occupies the Siberian River Tom. In the area of \u200b\u200bthis river, measures are practically not carried out to improve the environmental situation.
Mass extinction of fish, garbage mountains on the shores, oil spots and bad smell from water is an incomplete picture of the impact of human hands on nature.
On the ninth place is located the Oka River, whose environmental state worsens every year. The most contaminated area at the place of signs of the Moscow River.
The eighth place from the Pechora River originated in the Urals, which is exposed not only to emissions of chemical waste and household garbage. The negative impact on the ecology of the river has a gas pipeline crossing many of its tributaries.
At the seventh place, the Lena River is located, the main sources of pollution of which are gold and diamond-producing enterprises. The vessels and objects of the river fleet play not an unimportant role.
The Iset, which occupies the sixth place of our rating is another Siberian water artery that has fallen into a black list of ecologists. It has extremely high pollution by manganese, copper and oil industry products. Often to the river there is a massive reset of waste sewage and domestic garbage.
Water Resource Saving Program, which is located in the fifth place of the rating the dirtiest rivers of Russiaheld in recent years allowed a little to reduce the position of this rating. However, the situation is still depressing.
The origins of Irtysh, located in the fourth place of our ranking, are located in China, the country with, to put it mildly, with a spray attitude towards rivers. Several Chinese rivers are considered the most polluted in the world. Further, collecting harmful waste in Kazakhstan, the water of the river come to the territory of Russia already in a deplorable state. We add trash, nitrogen-containing substances, heavy metals and oil refining products to this "hello mixture".
Not honorable, the third place is occupied by Yenisei, which passes through the whole Siberia. The main source of contamination of Yenisei is the sewage waste of large Siberian cities. Compounds of iron, zinc and copper, petroleum products are also typical for the water of this river.
Ob firmly ranks second among the leaders the dirtiest rivers of Russia. The main supplier of pollution is its influx of Irtysh and Tobol, in the "purity" of which Kazakhstan contributes a considerable lept. By adding industrial waste to the Siberian metallurgical and oil refineries, we received one of the most polluted rivers.
The championship in this list occupies our Mother Volga. 38% of all wastewater in Russia is reset in this river. The average annual toxic load on the river ecosystem is 5 times higher than in other regions of the country. The reservoirs located on the Volga come in huge amounts of petroleum products, copper and iron compounds, organic.
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