The World Health Organization was organized. World Health Organization (WHO): charter, goals, norms, recommendations. WHO Constitution: principles

WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION

In February 1946, the UN conference decided on the need to create a specialized UN agency on health issues. In June 1946, in New York, by decision of the Economic and Social Council at the United Nations, an international conference on health was convened, in which delegates from 51 countries, representatives of the International Bureau of Public Hygiene, the International Red Cross, the International Labor Office, etc., which developed and adopted the Charter of a new international organization - the World Health Organization (WHO). By its very nature, WHO was called upon to unite in its activities all the peoples of the world. The main goal of its activity is the achievement of the highest possible level of health by all peoples. The WHO Constitution entered into force on April 7, 1948. This day is celebrated annually as World Health Day.

The WHO charter for the first time at the international level proclaimed the right of every person to health, approved the principle of the responsibility of governments for the health of their peoples, and also indicated the indissoluble link between health and international security and the strengthening of science.

The World Health Organization is one of the broadest specialized agencies of the United Nations. There are currently 164 member states of WHO.

WHO structure.

The supreme body of WHO is the World Health Assembly, which is composed of delegates representing the Member States of WHO. No more than 3 delegates are allocated from each country, one of whom is the head of the delegation. Delegates are usually members of their country's health department. They must be highly qualified and specialized in health care. Delegates are usually accompanied by advisers, experts and technical staff.

Ordinary sessions of the Assembly are convened annually. The Assembly determines the directions of WHO's activities, considers and approves long-term and annual work plans, budget, issues of admission of new members and deprivation of the right to vote, the director-general of WHO is appointed, issues of cooperation with other organizations are considered, sanitary and quarantine requirements are established, rules-standards regarding harmlessness , purity and strength of biological and pharmaceutical products in circulation in international trade. In addition, the WHO Assembly reviews the recommendations of the General Assembly, the Economic and Social Councils and the United Nations Security Council on health issues and reports to them on the steps taken by WHO to implement these recommendations.

Between sessions of the Assembly, the supreme body of WHO is the Executive Board, which meets in regular sessions 2 times a year. The Executive Committee consists of 30 members - representatives of states, elected for a 3-year term. Its composition is updated by 1/3 annually. Representatives of Russia, USA, Great Britain, France and China are constantly re-elected, but with a one-year break every 3 years.

The Executive Board considers the program and budget of the organization, administrative and legal issues related to the activities of WHO, hears reports of expert committees and study groups, implements the decisions of the Assembly and prepares recommendations. The WHO Executive Board is empowered to take emergency measures in the event of epidemics, natural disasters, etc.

The central administrative body of WHO is the Secretariat, headed by the Director General, which is elected by the Assembly for a term of 5 years on the proposal of the Executive Board. The headquarters of the secretariat is located in Geneva. The General Director carries out all assignments of the Assembly and the Executive Committee, annually submits to the Assembly reports on the work of the organization, manages the daily activities of the secretariat.

Most of the departments of the WHO Secretariat are grouped into 5 groups:

1) hygiene department environment and the department of sanitary statistics;

2) Department of Strengthening Health Services and Family Health;

3) department of noncommunicable diseases, health personnel development and medicines;

4) department of administrative management and personnel;

5) department of budget and finance.

WHO has established 6 regional organizations... Each such organization has a regional committee, which is composed of representatives of the Member States of WHO within the geographical area. The executive bodies of these organizations are the regional offices.

The following regional organizations currently exist:

1) European organization, office is located in Copenhagen (Denmark);

2) African Organization, with an office in Brazzaville (Congo);

3) Eastern Mediterranean Organization, the office is located in Alexandria (Egypt);

4) Organization of Southeast Asia, the office is located in Delhi (India);

5) Western Pacific Organization, office located in Manila (Philippines);

6) American organization, bureau is located in Washington (USA).

Tasks of WHO.

Under the Constitution, WHO functions as the directing and coordinating body in international health work. WHO develops and improves international standards, nomenclature and classifications, promotes their dissemination, validates and conducts medical research, and provides technical assistance to governments in strengthening national health care. Promotes the adoption and implementation of international conventions, agreements and regulations in the field of health care.

Areas of WHO activity.

WHO develops work programs that determine the main directions of its activities, the activities of regional offices, and health policies of the WHO Member States. The work program defines the framework for a new global health policy, which is implemented under the following chapters:

1. Control over epidemic and infectious diseases, including information, quarantine and preventive measures.

2. Execution international tasks, in particular, the tasks defined by the programs "Health for All", CINDI (program to combat factors of increased risk of coronary heart disease).

3. Ensuring compliance with international quality standards for medicinal substances, vitamin and mineral supplements to food, standards of safe consumption.

4. Regular exchange of medical information, including the results of medical research, decisions of expert commissions, the creation of libraries, the publication of books and the training of specialists.

5. Standardization of terminology used in statistics, biology and pharmaceuticals.

6. Research and information exchange.

7. Assisting developing countries with morbidity and mortality control, health policy planning and training.

8. Special joint international programs for health protection: expanded program of immunization, fight against tuberculosis, malaria, AIDS, factors of increased risk of coronary heart disease (CINDI) and deficiencies associated with insufficient intake of micronutrients.

9. Programs to control the spread of drugs and combat drug addiction.

10. Programs of measures for environmental protection, reduction of air and water pollution, which has a negative impact on the ecological situation in neighboring countries and reduces the useable water resources of individual countries.

11. Protection and promotion of health as a component of economic development.

12. Protection and promotion of maternal and child health, including family planning policy, reduction of maternal and infant mortality.

13. Assessment of medical technology.

14. Selection and management of effective and cost-effective health programs.

15. Adequate participation of Member States in financing the activities of the Health for All program.

DEFINITION OF HEALTH WHO

In the preamble to the Constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO) at. health is interpreted as "such a state of a person, which is characterized not only by the absence of diseases or physical defects, but complete physical, mental and social well-being." This definition can be seen as idealized, but it makes it possible to see the broad meaning of the concept of "health".

A variation of this approach can be considered the definition of health as biological and social well-being (K. Bayer, L. Sheinberg, 1997). The biological essence consists in the ability of a biosystem to self-organize through the mechanisms of homeostasis, adaptation, reactivity, resistance, etc. The manifestations of the social function are carried out on a biological basis with the involvement of the highest levels of personality organization - mental and spiritual qualities. (G.A. Apanasenko, 2003).

Brigitte Tobes, in her speech “The Right to Health: Theory and Practice” (WHO, 2006), linked the concept of health with the concept of reliability: “No matter how scientists approach the definition of health, their main interest is focused on identifying those mechanisms that ensure normal organism, its reliability as a biological system. The concepts of "health" and "reliability" in this sense are very close. In both cases, it is assumed that there are no significant violations in the functioning of the body and its constituent parts. There is a lot in common in the ways of restoring the lost norm. The reliability of a biosystem is also ensured by its ability to adapt and compensate on this basis for impaired functions, perfection and speed of use. feedbacks, the dynamism of the interaction of the links of self-regulating subsystems included in it…. The analysis of the essential characteristics of health made it possible to single out four main conceptual models for defining the concept of health: medical, biomedical, biosocial and value-social.

The medical model assumes a definition of health that contains only medical signs and characteristics of health.

The biomedical model considers health as the absence of organic disorders and subjective feelings of ill health in a person.

The biosocial model in the concept of "health" includes biological and social characteristics. These features are considered in unity, but priorities are given to social features.

The value-social model recognizes health as a basic human value, a necessary prerequisite for a full life, satisfying the spiritual and material needs of an individual. This model is most consistent with the definition of health formulated by WHO. "

So, physical health either completely dropped out of the field of vision of B. Tobes, or dissolved in the models she cited. Several studies have asked children to define health in terms of its various dimensions. And although children singled out physical health from many other contexts, this direction actually fell out of Brigitte Tobes's field of vision. But there were two social health issues at once. Tobes's priorities are visible, but this is not a reason to narrow the concept of health in the social field.

WHO defines health through a synonym word. Health is well-being. However, it is important to understand how WHO quantifies this concept. A 2006 WHO report identified healthy life expectancy as a priority parameter. It is important to understand that this primary parameter absorbs many other parameters as a quotient (such as infant mortality, etc.). Interesting is the opinion of the WHO about which secondary parameters affect healthy life expectancy. “Parameters such as income, educational level and employment are of key importance. Although all three determinants are in a certain dependence on each other, they are not interchangeable: each of them reflects independent aspects of the socio-economic status of the population. " In this one can only partially agree. Employment in itself means, if not the amount of income, then at least its availability. Therefore, employment should be considered a kind of tertiary parameter that has to do with income levels. So, according to WHO, we consider the length of a healthy life to be the primary parameter of health, and the level of income and the level of education are secondary in relation to it.

A.A. Polozov Life expectancy terms: what's new? [Text] / А.А. Polozov. - M .: Soviet sport, 2011 .-- 380s.: Silt
www.polozov.nemi-ekb.ru

Health as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being

It can be objectively considered that health is socially conditioned. Modern development social sciences have shown that it is not only a biomedical phenomenon. Social, psychological, cultural, economic and political factors must be considered in the characterization and criteria of health. In the preface to the Constitution of the World Health Organization, health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being in the absence of disease and infirmity. " In Russian literature, "a state of complete physical, spiritual and social well-being, and not just the absence of diseases and physical defects." This definition was later expanded to "include the ability to lead a socially and economically productive life." Human health, like disease, is a new quality in comparison with other living things on earth, a social phenomenon and socially mediated, i.e. containing the impact of social conditions and factors. Health is a harmonious unity of biological and social qualities due to congenital and acquired biological and social impact... When assessing health, there are: individual, group, regional and public health. Individual health is the health of a particular person. Group health is the health of individual communities of people in terms of age, professional, social and other characteristics. Regional health is the health of the population living in certain administrative territories. Public health is the health of the population, society as a whole. WHO experts refer to the criteria of public health: the percentage of the gross national product going to health care; availability of primary health care; infant mortality rate; average duration upcoming life.

Polozov Andrey

In connection with the above, it is necessary to highlight such indicators characterizing public health as the potential of public health or a measure of the quantity and quality of people's health and its reserves accumulated by society, as well as the public health index, which reflects the ratio of healthy and unhealthy lifestyles. In practical work, terms are often used that reflect only one aspect of public health: "mental health", "reproductive health", "environmental health", etc. In the works of domestic and foreign scientists it is shown that health is conditioned by four main factors, which are: socio-economic and lifestyle factors (50%); conditions and factors external environment(20-25%); biological conditions and factors (15–20%); conditions and factors of the health care system and services (10-15%).

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The decision to create the World Health Organization was made in 1946. The organization began its activities on April 7, 1948: on this day, 26 UN member states ratified the WHO Constitution. Since 1950, April 7 has been celebrated annually as World Health Day.
Currently (2015) WHO includes 194 states (including Russia).
The location of the WHO headquarters is Geneva (Switzerland).

The constitutional tasks of WHO are: the fight against especially dangerous diseases and their elimination, the development of international sanitary rules, the improvement of the sanitary state of the external environment, quality control of medicines, etc.

In accordance with the WHO Charter, the goal of the organization is "the achievement of the highest possible level of health by all peoples" (Art. 1).

Definition of "health" in the WHO charter

The term "health" is interpreted in the preamble of the charter quite broadly, which allows WHO to deal not only with the fight against disease, but also with many problems of a social nature. WHO's work is focused on a three-pronged mission: providing services internationally, helping individual countries, and encouraging medical research.

WHO's service to all countries is the publication of aggregated statistics on fertility, disease, epidemics, injuries, causes of death, etc. Assistance to individual countries, upon request, includes scholarships for study abroad, assistance in the elimination of rare but dangerous diseases and in the improvement of special services.

During the existence of WHO, various programs and resolutions were developed and implemented aimed at reducing morbidity and mortality (expanded immunization program; program to combat and eradicate poliomyelitis, smallpox, cancer, etc.; global strategy in the field of diet, diet, physical activity and health, etc.), the international classification of diseases, a list of the main medicines and etc.

In 2003, WHO adopted the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, a document aimed at protecting human health from smoking.

WHO consists of three main bodies: the World Health Assembly, the Executive Board and the Secretariat. The supreme body of WHO is the World Health Assembly; its main function is to define the general policy directions for WHO's work. She also appoints the Director-General of WHO on the proposal of the Executive Board.

The annual sessions of the Assembly are held in May.
WHO has 147 country and six regional offices: European, African, Eastern Mediterranean, South-East Asia, Western Pacific, American.

Official website of the World Health Organization (Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, Spanish)

Log in registration

Contacts

Healthy and Beautiful »Human Health

Human health

A healthy person is a full-fledged member of society. He is able to work normally, reproduce healthy offspring and provide himself with material benefits at the proper level.

Health levels

Medicine defines human health as a state of the body in which all its systems function normally and reliably resist unfavorable environmental factors. In addition, this list includes the absence of anatomical defects and normal physical development. This is the so-called biological health level.

The mental level of health reflects a person's ability to normal behavioral reactions and the state of his intellect, emotions and cognitive functions. Social health is closely related to mental health, which manifests itself in the labor and social activity of a person.

Thus, three components of human health can be distinguished:

  • Biological health
  • Mental condition
  • Social health

Preservation and strengthening of human health largely depends on the level of development of the state in which he lives. Any civilized society cares about preserving the health of each member, because this affects his performance and, as a result, the well-being of the society itself. Therefore, the state is taking certain steps to maintain the health of the population. These are the creation of high-quality health-improving and preventive centers, the development of sports institutions, and labor protection at enterprises.

Social health

V last years the term "public health" appeared, which is an indicator of the state of the population of a country as a whole. This indicator takes into account the incidence rate, degree physical development, average life expectancy. This also includes mortality and fertility.

Between human health and disease, there is an intermediate state that combines the signs of both.

1.Definition of health given in the WHO statutes:

More than half of the population of any country is in this position. The person does not seem to be sick, but his vitality is significantly depleted. For example, a vitamin deficiency does not immediately lead to illness, but it can occur over time.

According to medical statistics, 90% of the population of our country suffer from a lack of vitamin C. By itself, this figure is not catastrophic if it is a periodic (seasonal) problem. But the constant lack of vitamin C leads to rather serious consequences: the elasticity of blood vessels decreases, the resistance to infections decreases and there is a risk of tumor diseases. Therefore, you need to start supporting the body even before the problems make themselves felt.

GENERAL CONCEPT OF HEALTH

“In general, 9/10 of our happiness is based on health.

Charter (Constitution) of the World Health Organization

With him, everything becomes a source of pleasure, while without him, absolutely no external benefits can give pleasure, even subjective benefits: the qualities of the mind, soul, temperament weaken and die out in a painful state. It is not at all unreasonable that we first of all ask each other about health and wish it to each other: it is truly the main condition for human happiness, ”said the famous German philosopher of the 19th century. Arthur Schopenhauer. Indeed, health occupies the most important place among the life values ​​of a person.

There are a number of definitions of health, but they usually all contain the following five criteria:

Lack of disease;

Normal functioning of the body in the "man - environment" system;

Complete physical, spiritual, mental and social well-being;

Ability to adapt to constantly changing conditions of existence in the environment;

Ability to fully perform basic social functions.

There is the concept of individual and public health.

Individual health is the health of an individual. This concept today has a fairly broad meaning, it implies not only the absence of diseases, but also such forms of human behavior that allow him to improve his life, make it more prosperous, and achieve a high degree of self-realization. Thus, the charter of the World Health Organization (WHO) states that health is "a state of complete physical, spiritual and social well-being, and not just the absence of disease and physical defects."

You can achieve well-being only through work aimed at expanding and realizing your spiritual, physical qualities and social capabilities.

Well-being concerns all aspects of a person's life, not just their physical condition.

Spiritual well-being is associated with reason, intellect, emotions. Social well-being reflects social ties, financial situation, interpersonal contacts. Physical well-being reflects the biological capabilities of a person, the state of his body. Human well-being includes two components: spiritual and physical.

At the same time, its spiritual component is of great importance. About 2 thousand years ago, the ancient Roman orator Mark Tullius Cicero said so about this about 2 thousand years ago in his treatise On Duties: what seems harmful and get yourself everything you need for life: food, shelter, and so on. The common desire for all living beings to unite in order to produce offspring, and care for this offspring. But the greatest difference between man and beast is that the beast moves as much as his feelings move him, and adapts only to the conditions surrounding him, thinking little about the past and the future. On the contrary, a person endowed with reason, thanks to which he sees the sequence between events, sees their causes, and the previous events and, as it were, the forerunners do not escape him, he compares similar phenomena and closely ties the future with the present, easily sees the entire course of his life and prepares for himself everything he needs to live. A person is inherent, first of all, a tendency to study and investigate the truth. "

Spiritual and physical health- two integral parts of human health, which must constantly be in harmonious unity, ensuring a high level of health.

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There are three types of health: physical (somatic), psychological and social.

Physical health(somatic) - the most important component in complex structure the state of human health. It is determined by the body's ability to self-regulate.

Physical health is a state of the human body, characterized by the ability to adapt to various environmental factors, the level of physical development, physical and functional readiness of the body to perform physical activities.

The degree of a person's physical health is reliably established by medicine, using special differential diagnostic techniques.

Mental health indicators are represented by a number of domestic authors (Grombakh A.M., 1988; Tkhostov A.Sh., 1993; Lebedinsky V.V., 1994; Karvasarsky B.D., 1982, etc.)

Taking into account complaints about the health of the person himself, stand out four groups of people:

ü 1st group - perfectly healthy people, no complaints;

ü 2nd group - mild functional disorders, episodic complaints of an asthenic-neurotic nature associated with specific psycho-traumatic events, the tension of adaptation mechanisms under the influence of negative micro-social factors;

ü 3rd group - persons with preclinical conditions and clinical forms in the stage of compensation, persistent asthenoneurotic complaints outside the framework of difficult situations, overstrain of adaptation mechanisms (in the anamnesis of such persons, pregnancy, childbirth, diathesis, head trauma and chronic infections);

ü 4th group - clinical forms of the disease in the stage of subcompensation, failure or breakdown of adaptive mechanisms.

The transition from the psychological to the social level is conditional. Mental health is affected social factors, family, communication with friends and relatives, work, leisure, religious affiliation, etc. Only people with a healthy psyche feel like active participants in the social system, and mental health itself is usually defined as involvement in communication, in social interaction.

Mental health criteria are based on the concepts of "adaptation", "socialization" and "individualization" (Abramova G.S., Yudchits Yu.A., 1998).

The concept of "adaptation "includes a person's ability to consciously relate to the functions of his body (digestion, excretion, etc.), as well as his ability to regulate his mental processes (control his thoughts, feelings, desires). There are limits to individual adaptation, but an adapted person can live in the usual him geosocial conditions.

Socialization determined by three criteria related to human health.

ü The first - is associated with the ability to respond to another person as an equal. "The other is as alive as I am."

ü The second criterion is defined as a reaction to the existence of certain norms in relations with others and as a desire to follow them.

ü The third criterion is how a person experiences his relative dependence on other people. There is a necessary measure of loneliness for every person, and if a person oversteps this measure, then he feels bad. The measure of loneliness is a kind of correlation between the need for independence, solitude from others and one's place among one's environment.

Individualization, by K.G. Jung, allows you to describe the formation of a person's relationship to himself. A person himself creates his qualities in mental life, he realizes his own originality as a value and does not allow other people to destroy it. The ability to recognize and maintain individuality in oneself and others is one of the most important parameters of mental health.

Each person has the possibilities of adaptation, socialization and individualization, the degree of their implementation depends on the social situation of his development, the ideals of the normative person this society at this particular moment.

However, one can also notice the insufficiency of these criteria for a complete description. internal health picture ... In particular, it is also connected with the fact that any person potentially has the opportunity to look at his life from the outside and evaluate it ( reflection ). Essential feature reflective experiences is, the fact that they arise against the will and individual efforts. They are the prerequisites for a person's spiritual life, in which, in contrast to mental life, the result is the experience of life as a value.

The spiritual health of a person, as many psychologists emphasize (A. Maslow, K. Rogers, etc.), manifests itself, first of all, in the connection of a person with the whole world. This can manifest itself in a variety of ways - in religiosity, in feelings of beauty and harmony, admiration for life itself, joy from life.

Experiences in which communication with other people is carried out, compliance with a specific ideal of a person and constitute the content of the internal picture of health as a transcendental, holistic view of life.

Characteristics of healthy people (according to A.

WHO Constitution: principles

1) The highest degree of perception of reality

2) A more developed ability to accept oneself, others and the world as a whole as they really are

3) Increased spontaneity, immediacy

4) Better ability to focus on the problem

5) More pronounced detachment and a clear desire for solitude

6) More pronounced autonomy and opposition to familiarization with any one culture

7) Greater freshness of perception and richness of emotional reactions

8) More Frequent Peak Breakouts

9) Stronger identification with the entire human race

10) Improvement in interpersonal relationships

11) a more democratic character structure

12) High creativity

13) Certain changes in the value system

Social health is reflected in the following characteristics: adequate perception of social reality, interest in the surrounding world, adaptation to the physical and social environment, culture of consumption, altruism, empathy, responsibility to others, democratism in behavior.

A “healthy society” is a society where the level of “social diseases” is minimal (Nikiforov GS, 1999).

Social health includes:

· The social significance of certain diseases due to their prevalence of economic losses caused by them, their severity (i.e., the threat to the existence of the population or fear of such a threat);

· The influence of the social structure on the causes of diseases, the nature of their course and outcomes (i.e. the possibility of recovery or death);

· Assessment of the biological state of a certain part or all of the human population on the basis of integrated statistical indicators that make up social statistics.

Thus, promising areas of health psychology are the study of health mechanisms, the development of health diagnostics (determination of health levels) and borderline states, the attitude of the health care and prevention system to healthy clients. A practical task is to create simple and accessible self-application tests to determine health and the initial stages of diseases, to form a variety of preventive programs.

Despite the fact that mental health problems have been actively studied by domestic psychologists, health psychology as a separate area of ​​knowledge is more widespread abroad, where it is more actively introduced into the practice of medical institutions. V modern Russia health psychology as a new and independent scientific direction is going through the stage of its formation.

The World Health Organization was created by the United Nations in 1948 to address international issues health care and health protection of the world population. Today it has 193 member states. WHO is headquartered in Geneva.

WHO draws up plans followed by health research, sets norms and standards, and monitors the health situation by assessing the dynamics of change. WHO is mainly comprised of member states of the UN system, but according to the Charter, states that are not members of the UN can also be admitted.

History of the creation of the World Health Organization

The first body that was involved in organizing interethnic cooperation in these matters was called the Constantinople High Council for Health, it was formed in 1839. He was supposed to control foreign ships in local ports and carry out anti-epidemic measures that would prevent the spread of cholera and plague. Later, similar organizations were created by Morocco and Egypt.

In 1851, 12 countries, including Russia, took part in the I International Sanitary Conference in Paris. As a result of the meeting, it was decided to adopt the International Sanitary Convention, which would help determine the sea quarantine in the Mediterranean. However, the results were only achieved closer to late XIX centuries.

The early 20th century saw the founding of two more intergovernmental health organizations called the Pan American Sanitary Bureau and the European Public Hygiene Bureau. They mainly disseminated information on general medical issues (especially infectious diseases). In 1923, the operation began The International Organization health protection at the League of Nations in Geneva, and in 1946 in New York international Conference on health protection decided to establish WHO. The charter of this organization was ratified in April 1948, since then April 7 has become World Health Day.

WHO's work and its role in the world

The tasks that are in the center of attention and are solved by the organization include a lot. Among the most important are:

  • Reducing the health, social and economic burden infectious diseases(for example, assistance to countries in the Southeast Asia region);
  • Conducting the fight against HIV / AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria (under the program for the elimination of malaria), the elimination of smallpox in the world;
  • Preventing and reducing the prevalence of diseases, disabilities and early deaths caused by chronic noncommunicable diseases, mental disorders, violence, injury and visual impairment;
  • Reducing morbidity and mortality and improving health during the most important stages of life, together with pregnancy, childbirth, neonotal period, childhood and adolescence, as well as improving sexual and reproductive health and promoting active and healthy way life in old age for all people;
  • Reducing the health consequences of emergencies, natural disasters, crises and conflicts and minimizing their social and economic impacts;
  • Promote health and development and prevent or reduce health risk factors associated with tobacco smoking, tobacco, alcohol, drug and other substance abuse, unhealthy diets, physical inactivity and unsafe sex;
  • Impact through policies, WHO projects and scientific programs that seek to strengthen equitable attitudes towards health and to include a focus on low-powered people, gender-sensitive and human rights-based approaches;
  • Strengthening primary preventive measures and influencing public policy across all sectors to address the root causes of environmental health risks;
  • Improving nutrition, safety food products and food security throughout life and the maintenance of public health and national health and sustainable development;
  • Improving health services performance through improved WHO governance, funding, staffing and management with reliable and accessible evidence and research.

Core functions of the World Health Organization

In order to achieve its goals, WHO has the following core functions:

  • Providing leadership roles on issues critical to health and building partnerships and collaboration where collective action is required;
  • Developing agendas for scientific research and stimulation of collection, development and dissemination of invaluable knowledge;
  • Setting norms and standards, assisting in their observance and carrying out appropriate control;
  • Linking ethics concepts to evidence-based policy development concepts;
  • Providing technical equipment, catalyzing change and building sustainable institutional capacities;
  • Control over the circumstances in the field of health care and assessment of the dynamics of its changes.

These core goals and functions, as well as other global commitments, are pursued in most of these organizations under the WHO Director-General. In addition, health policy is reflected in the General Program of Work. It also provides information on health, basic information about the structure of programs of work throughout the organization, budget, resources, publications of participating countries, programs and projects, guidance documents and results.

WHO program: highlights

The World Health Organization operates in an ever-increasing and rapidly changing environment. Public health action is not clear-cut and concerns many other sectors that influence potentials and health outcomes. To address the challenges facing the Organization, the WHO work program is used in six directions: two health objectives, two strategic needs and two operational approaches.

The program consists of:

  • In promoting development;
  • Strengthening health security;
  • Strengthening health systems;
  • In the use of the results of scientific research, information and factual information;
  • Strengthening partnerships;
  • Improving the bottom line.

WHO governing bodies

The World Health Assembly is the highest decision-making body of the World Health Organization. Its annual sessions, in which the majority of delegations from all member states of the organization participate, are usually held in Geneva, Switzerland. The Health Assembly is responsible for defining general policy directions in the activities of the World Health Organization. The Health Assembly appoints a Director-General who is in charge of overseeing the financial policies of the Organization and reviewing and approving proposed program budgets. In addition, it reviews reports issued by the Executive Board.

The executive committee has 34 members, technically qualified health professionals, elected for a three-year term. At the main session of the Committee, held in January, the agenda for the forthcoming session of the Health Assembly is agreed upon, and resolutions are adopted for the Assembly. While in another, shorter session, held in May, they are dealing with issues related to administration. The main functions of the Committee are the implementation of decisions and policies adopted by the Assembly, providing it with advisory assistance and general support for its activities.

The Secretariat of the World Health Organization has approximately 8,000 experts not only from the field of health, but also from other fields. In addition, it includes other fixed-term staff at headquarters, all the regional directors of the regional offices of WHO and some other States. The organization is led by The Director General appointed by the Assembly and represented by the Executive Committee.

Exceptionally the presence of activity - active, creative and consistent for the good of all mankind - can help all people to remain always in health and happiness. This is precisely the doctrine of the World Health Organization, which can be understandable and accessible to every person. Achieving all the tasks set before the Organization will require a concerted effort that can be made by all governments and all peoples.

If you have any questions - leave them in the comments below the article. We or our visitors will be happy to answer them.

Hello dear friends. Today we will talk about what the World Health Organization (WHO) is, what tasks it performs, what it does and why it is needed. The main task of this organization is to ensure a healthy and secure future for all inhabitants of the planet Earth.

WHO bases are located in 150 countries of the world. The organization itself was founded on 04/07/1948 in order to eliminate the consequences of the Second World War and help residents different countries... This day, April 7, is celebrated annually as World Health Day.

What does it do

WHO leads and coordinates the action of all medical organizations all over the world under the auspices of the United Nations (UN). To accomplish this goal, it performs the following tasks:

  • Supports partnerships between countries in addressing joint health challenges.
  • Leading in all matters related to the health of the population of the entire planet.
  • Coordinates research activities in the field of health protection and the fight against various diseases.
  • Organizes educational activities in the field of prevention and prevention of dangerous diseases.
  • Supports the implementation of healthcare standards around the world.
  • Helps countries to introduce new areas of medicine into practice, provides support with medical devices and specialists.
  • Develops new types of medical care and assesses the health status of the population, both in individual countries and in general around the world.

Activities

Since WHO faces global challenges that can help improve the level of health of people around the world, it is interested in the emergence and development of strong health systems in all countries.

It helps leaders in countries interested in improving health and living conditions its residents, organize effective system medical care.

This structure organizes the process of providing medical and humanitarian assistance in the event of natural disasters, major accidents and man-made disasters. In addition, WHO is addressing the following problems:

  • Particular attention is paid to the prevention and treatment of diseases such as strokes, oncology, diabetes, asthma, heart and lung diseases, mental illness, as well as trauma and the consequences of violent actions that cause premature death in 70% of all cases of premature death. And 80% of all these diseases occur in developing countries, which, unfortunately, according to these indicators, can be attributed to Russia.
  • Monitoring the ecological situation around the world, as well as striving to improve the standard of living of the population of third world countries, which will increase their life expectancy.
  • Fight against foci of infectious diseases, especially such as AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, development of the field of application of preventive vaccinations.
  • Prompt response and assistance in cases of environmental disasters, monitoring the situation in the field of health and life protection.
  • The international cooperation in the field of health care is provided by seven thousand WHO staff in 150 countries of the world.

Programs and projects

Below we will tell you about the most popular programs and projects implemented by WHO. One of the directions of programs to improve the nation's health is the fight against hepatitis. According to WHO estimates, 257 million people are infected with hepatitis B on the planet. Is it a lot or a little?

Considering that 7.52 billion people currently live on the planet, more than 3% of adults and children are infected. Given that hepatitis is treatable with antiviral drugs, stopping the growth of the disease and localizing its foci is the most important task for WHO and health authorities around the world.

Tobacco control

It is no secret that diseases caused by smoking tobacco products are among the top ten causes of premature death. Therefore, in 2007, WHO announced the fight against tobacco smoking as one of the main programs for the health of the nation.

This year, the results of the past decade were summed up. Many countries, including Russia, have supported the WHO initiative to limit the possibilities of purchasing tobacco products and smoking them in public places.

Age classification for the right to purchase tobacco products helps to limit the addiction to tobacco at an early and young age. More than 60% of the world's population are aware of the dangers of smoking, and their number has quadrupled in 10 years. This speaks to the undoubted success of the anti-smoking program.

Vaccination campaign

WHO informs that every tenth child from the group of children under 1.5 years of age has not been vaccinated against whooping cough, diphtheria and tetanus, although it has been determined that it is at this age that such vaccinations are most effective and protect against these deadly diseases.

Only 130 countries out of 194 can guarantee that babies are vaccinated at 90% or more. So, in this direction, WHO still has many unresolved tasks. As a minimum program, it is the implementation of vaccination at every contact of the unvaccinated population with medical services.

V Soviet time our state actively cooperated with the WHO and many programs were successfully implemented in the USSR and are still in operation.

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