Domestic army body armor. Bulk armor: protection classes. Kevlar body armor (photo) Features of protective equipment

Chernezin shell
Russia came to himself after the defeat from Japan. The army had to be updated. One of the topics that began to develop, were shells. According to a number of sources, Russia among the French, in the Russian-Japanese war, a batch of anti-government kiras - 100 thousand pieces was ordered, but the kings were unsuitable. Also did not work the idea with anti-toll shields. However, the work on the protection of soldiers was not stopped.

Russian kirass of 1915

"The catalog of the shelters invented by Lieutenant Colonel A. A. Cheterzin" is so called a brochure, published by the typographical way and sewn into one of the cases stored in the Central State Military Historical Archive. It provides such information: "The weight of the shelter: the lightest 11/2 pounds (pound - 409.5 g), the heaviest 8 pounds. Under the clothes are invisible. Panciri against rifle bullets, not made by the 3-linear military rifle, have weight 8 pounds. Panciri closes: heart, lungs, belly, both sides, vertebral pillar and back against lungs and hearts. Immediateness of each shell is checked by shooting in the presence of the buyer. "

One of the Russian Bibs and Anti-Top Shields

In the "catalog" there are several acts of testing of the shelves conducted in 1905-1907. One of them was reported: "In the presence of His Imperial Majesty of the Emperor's Soviet, on June 11, 1905 in Oranienbaum, the machine-gun roth was made. They shot from 8 machine guns on the shell from the alloy, invented by Lieutenant Colonel Cheterzin, from a distance of 300 steps. In the shell fell 36 bullets . The shell was not broken, and the cracks did not turn out. When testing was attended by the entire alternating composition of the rifle school. "
Poles were also tested in the reserve of the Moscow metropolitan police, on the order of which they were manufactured. Archery was carried out at a distance of 15 steps. Panciri, as noted in the act, "turned out to be impenetrable, and the bullets of fragments were not given. The first party turned out to be quite satisfactory."

Newspaper "Rus" (N69,1907):
"Yesterday I saw a miracle. Young man of thirty years old, in military form, stood motionless in the room. In half step, the distance to him was invisible to the browning - scary browning. Tserly straight into the chest against the heart. Young man waited, smiling. Shot came. The bullet jumped ...
"Well, you see," said the military. "Almost nothing and did not feel."

"New Time" (February 27, 1908):
"Impedible Panciri and New Kirase, this is a wonderful invention of our century, exceeded the strength of the knight's reinforcements of the old days. The scaly system remained both in an ancient shell, but the metal alloy is another. He is the secret of the inventor. A. A. Cheterzin found the opportunity to explain to me only the basic idea. His discovery. A. A. Cheterzin - Lieutenant Colonel of engineering troops. Having graduated from the Mathematics and Engineering School, he taught Mathematics, was engaged in chemistry, and a number of experiments came across him to fill the pores of chromonicel steel. The alloy was produced at large temperature and hydraulic pressure. Noble metals - platinum, silver, iridium, vanadium, and many others began to add an ordinary recipe. When filling the pores, a large drig and hardness of the metal was obtained, which was 3.5 times tightly. As a result, the semillimeter plate alloy bullet Mauser did not pierce the distance three steps. Panciri and kids, impenetrable for revolving and rifle bullets, which were deformed, but did not give fragments. The danger of contusions and ricoce defeat was eliminated.
Price of Panciri A. A. Cheterzin is quite the road, but life is more expensive. Nutya is a five-dimensional shell who closed his chest and back, I did not find it heavy. Under the surpetuk, he was completely not visible. 7000 shelters, helmets and shields A. A. Cheterzin were sent to the existing army on Far Eastunfortunately too late ... "
The cost of the best shelbs, impeded by any revolvers and fragments of bombs, ranged from 1500 to 1900 rubles. Similar shells made by accurate measure from the figure (for which a gypsum cast was needed), cost from 5,000 to 8,000 rubles. The price of the engine booking (car) from the bomb fragments and from the bullets of any revolvers was 15,000, and the carriages of 20,000 rubles. "
Yury Minkin

As we see, Russia went a little along another way than in the United States. And at that time it was a logical solution - silk body armor kept, predominantly pistol bullets, and a certain caliber, mass production was extremely difficult to establish.

Kings began to actively use the police different countries. Persons were made by individual gypsum casts. But the starry hour of such a body armor has come with the beginning of the First World War.

Bulletproofing on the first world
It is worth noting that the first world fully varied the concept of war, its rules. Tranche, positional war. Barbed wire. Machine guns. Powerful long-range artillery. Aviation. Tanks. The commander had to urgently change the strategy and tactics of hostilities.

One of the options for heavy armor

It immediately became clear that the soldiers need protection from new guns. Shrapnel and fragments scratched warriors of the warring armies, and no normal protection - including KASP - was not. To one degree or another, armor began to develop all countries. But the Germans succeeded in equipping their soldiers.

German soldiers in shells

GrabenPanzer M16 (he SappenPanzer) appeared in the troops in 1916. Armor german army was designed to protect against lung small arms and shrapnel. In production, the newly emerged nickel-silicon (armored) steel was used.

The armor consisted of a breastplate, with 3 enjoying protective sections for the abdomen and groin. 2 The shoulder plates are fixed with 3 rivets on each side. Separate plates were connected to 2 straps straps, which were attached to the inside of the armor, starting with the chest.

Soldiers after battle, Poles are folded into the trench

Rectangular felt gaskets from the horse's hair were between sections and should have reduced the noise level when moving. The thickness of the armor was approx. 3.25 mm, in some cases, increasing to 25 mm. The differences were often related to the fact that at least seven separate enterprises were occupied in production.

Pancier scheme

Armor was released in various modelsBut mostly 2 types can be found when searching for photos and original elements. The first armor is the original type, 1916 year of release.

German breastplate

Test results of the German breastplate

It is minimalist, there are almost no protrusions on it. On the second common model there are 2 additional hooks for auxiliary equipment on. Weight, depending on the manufacturer, ranged from 8 to 10 kg, was supplied in 2 or 3 different sizes.

In all cases, the armor was poorly comfortable, and could be used primarily in a stationary position. The main consumers of this armor were snipers, hour, fighters of advanced parts.

In some cases, Kiraça was put on his back - the chest was covered with a trench.

On the prevalence of this subject can be judged by a large number of photographs of the allies, climbed into a bib for memorable photos.

American soldiers in trophy German shells

Canadian soldier in the German shell trophy

There is also a version of the use of trophy armors at the front. In total, more than 500,000 such armor were released.

British in trophy bibs

Protection of the Turkish Union
Unfortunately, find shots of Cheremisin breastplates on the fronts of the first world or any references about them I could not. Apparently, protection in russian army At that time, either little was used or not used at all.

The offensive of Italian units

In the illustration in protective vests - Germans, French, British

Allies had Panciri in smaller quantities. Most often there are Italian shells. Their kings had pronounced shouting, and covered the chest only to the belt.

Fighter of the Italian Storm Battalion

The Americans who have entered the war later than the rest, in 1917 they developed Brewster Body Shield, very similar to the armor of the Kelly (Australian raid). Armor was surprisingly not bad, kept hitting the bullet from the Lewis machine gun, weighed 18 kg in a heavy version + 5 kg lining, and was used until the end of the war preferably snipers. The states of the staff had several, but Brewer's armor turned out to be remembered.

Brewer Armor, 1917

However, by the end of the war, Americans appeared less creative, but more suitable options for ordinary infantrymen.

Less creative version of American armor

France used old, cavalry kids at the very beginning of the First World War. As practice has shown, for modern Foy They were not suitable.

French kids first world

One of the types of french shelters

French heavy armor

In the late stages of war, the new shells and bibs have appeared. But - in sufficiently limited quantities, and the mention of them is rare.

The British were most equipped with body armor from all allies. At the same time, the body armor is not supplied to the army - they were bought for their money. Often, the vest paid the concerned relatives who were unrulerated by reports from the front. And it is worth noting, the body armor was often saved to life fighters.

British soldiers in body armor

The main owners of the vests were officers - it was they who could allow themselves to acquire this fairly expensive subject. Advertising was often designed for them. In total, there were more than 18 firms in the United Kingdom to produce bulletproof costumes of various species.

Label with body armor

There were only three main types of protective vests. Rigid armor (often consisting of metal plates shed between the cloth and wearable as a vest); Intermediate armor (various forms of small area Metal plates attached to fabrics); Soft armor (from silk / cotton / flax fabric layers). All three types of armor had their own problems. Hard armor was severe and, thus inconvenient and not practical to wear into the attack. Intermediate chain armor did not dissipate, sufficiently blow a bullet or fragment. Fissure vests, although they were sometimes effective, were actually useless in crude weather.

One of the types of bodyrooms produced at the time

One of the most successful was Dayfield Day Shield "Body Armour. It was made of tight khaki tissue, and in four compartments were placed special metal plates. The rifle bullet did not stop this vest, but it was not bad against the fragments, shrapnel and pistol shots. In addition, the British had an important advantage - the vest was comfortable.

One of the most successful body armor of that time is Dayfield Day Shield "Body Armour. In the section - Armor Plastic.

Body armor "With a story." Unfortunately, his plates are too thin to stop the rifle shot - but still a little soften the bullet blow, or stop the fragment he could. Belonged to the ordinary tancane, which was injured in 1916 in France and later demobilized in March 1917.

Meanwhile, the First World War approached the end. In Russia, a revolution occurred, Germany lost, and the idea that the metal armor is not the most suitable option, increasingly began to pursue the inventors of the "Village of Life".

They do not make a militant screen, do not sparkle to the surface closest to the mirror glitter, they are not decorated with plumes and chased coat of arms - and often disguised under jackets. But today without these unscrews with the appearance of the Armor, it is simply unthinkable to send soldiers into battle or ensure the minimum safety of VIP-person ...

History of the emergence and development of body armor

Who was the first to come up with a warrior armor, protecting him from the death blow of the enemy, still the question is controversial.

In antiquity, goplitis (heavy ancient Greek infantry) like warriors Ancient RomeThey wore bronze kids, while these kids had the shape of the muscular body of a person, which in addition to the aesthetic considerations and psychological impact on the enemy could also strengthen the design, since these sections play the role of improvised rigid ribs.
According to the strength of the bronze at that time, it was definitely more efficient than iron, due to its viscosity, for the basics of metallurgy and properties of metals, humanity is only beginning to comprehend in full, and the steel plates of the armor were still fragile and unreliable.

Bronze armor, including solid kids, were used in the Roman army until the beginning of our era. The lack of bronze was, in its high cost, in this, in many respects, the Roman army, in many ways, was obliged to the superiority of its infantry on armoredness, with respect to the enemy who did not have effective protection against cold and throwing weapons.
The fall of Rome led to the decline of blacksmithing craft. In the dark century, the main and practically the only armor of the knights was the chain or scales. It was not as effective as Kirase, and quite uncomfortable due to weight, but still allowed, to a certain extent, to reduce the losses in a hand-to-hand fight.

In the XIII century, the so-called "brigantine" was used to enhance the mail, made of metal plates beyond the cloth.

Brigantines were something similar constructively on a modern body armor, but the quality of the materials used in their manufacturing, which was used to be effectively protected, from a direct, stitching hit in close battle. By the end of the XIV century, the Kolchug began to be replaced with more efficient lats, and Brigantine became the lotion of the poor warriors components of light infantry and archers.

For some time, the knightly cavalry protected by steel armor was almost the ideal means of solving the outcome of any battle, while its domination on the battlefield did not put an end firearm.
The heavy armor of the knight turned out to be powerless before the boot and rarely only pulled bullet injuries - bullets and a strip, breaking through a thin steel bib, passing to the departure, ricked by the armor, inflicting additional fatal wounds.

The way out of this situation was one - thanks to imperfection firearms, connected with tempo and accuracy of shooting, save the situation could only speed and maneuverability of the cavalry, and therefore, heavy armor, dressed on the knight, was already a burden.
Therefore, the main armor of the 16-17th century was the main armor, only Kirase remained, determining the emergence of a new type of military equestrian units - Kirassirov and Gusar, whose rapid attacks, not rarely worked out the course of historical battles. But with the improvement of military affairs and the modernization of firearms, and this "reservation" was in the end, the burden.

In the Russian army undeservedly forgotten by several dozen years of kids, returned only by 1812. On January 1, 1812, the highest decree on the manufacture for the cafe of this safety equipment was followed. By July 1812, all the Kirassirian shelves received the kings of a new sample made of iron and coated with black paint.

The kirase consisted of two half - breast and spine, bonded with two belts with copper tips, glued to the dorsal half of the shoulders and boasting on two copper buttons. In ordinary, these hinders had iron scales, the officers are copper.
At the edges of Kirase, it was covered with a red lace, and from the inside had a lining from a white canvas beaten by cotton. Naturally, the bullet did not hold such protection, but in the near battle, a hand-to-hand fight or equestrian sstop, a similar type of armor was simply necessary. Subsequently, with a decrease in the effectiveness of this protection, Kirase eventually remained in the troops only as an element of the front clothing.

The results of the Inkerman battle (1854), in which Russian infantry was shot as targets in a dash, and stunning losses of the Division of George Picket (George Edward Pickett, 1825-1875) in the battle of Gettisburg (Battle of Gettysburg, 1863), literally by the fire of the northerners, forced The commander to think not only about changing the traditional tactics of combat.
After all, the boobs of soldiers were protected from a deadly metal only with a subtle cloth uniform.

While battles were represented by the exchange of muscle volley, followed by a hand-to-hand throat, it did not cause special concern. But with the advent of rapid artillery, falling asleep by the battlefield of the battlefield and fragmentation grenades, rapid rifles, and then machine guns, the losses of the armies monstrously grew.
The generals treated the lives of their soldiers in different ways. Someone respected them and the coast of them, someone considered death in battle for a real man, for someone soldiers were simply consumable. But they all converged that excessive losses would not allow them to win the battle - or even lead to the defeat. Especially vulnerable were the fighters going to the attacks of infantry battalions and acting on the advanced spermnial mouth - on which the enemy and focused its main fire. Therefore, the idea appeared to find a way to protect at least them.

"The crop of death." One of the most famous photos of the American photographer Timothy O'Sullivan (Timothy O'sullivan, 1840-1882), made by him on the day of the battle during the Gettisberg.
Photo: Timothy H. O'sullivan from the archive of the US Congress Library

The first on the battlefield tried to return the old reliable shield. In 1886, the steel panels of the colonel of Fisher, with special windows for firing passed in Russia. Alas, too thin, they were ineffective - because they easily shot out of the new rifles. And the Japanese who used Port Artwork Steel Shields during the siege, the other problem arose.
Having dimensions of 1 m at 0.5 m and sufficient thickness, these shields weighed 20 kg - so it was simply impossible to run with them into the attack. Subsequently, the idea appeared to put such heavy shields on the wheels, which was transformed into the creation of armored boxes - climbing in which, the infantryman moved, pushing his legs. These were witty, but low-oat constructions, because it was possible to push such a cart only to the first obstacle.
Another project turned out to be promising - return to the use of kidra (shell). Fortunately, the idea was right in front of the eyes, because at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries, she was still part of the parade uniform of the Kirassian regiments. It turned out that even a simple kirass of an old sample (intended for protection against cold weapons) from a distance of a couple of tens of meters can withstand 7.62 mm bullet from the revolver Nagana. Accordingly, some of her thickening (to reasonable limits) could protect a person and from something more powerful.
So the revival of Kiras began. It should be noted that Russia responded to Japanese shields to the order for his army 100,000 infantry kiras in the French company "Simone, Geslong and K". However, the goods delivered was unfit. Whether the company was firm, or the interest of Paris was affected in the defeat of the Russians - which led to the whole of Russia in debt bonded to French banks.

The means of protecting the domestic design were reliable. Among their authors are the most famous lieutenant colonel A. A. Cheterzin, who made kids from the same steel alloys developed by him. Of this talented man Without a doubt, you can call the father of the Russian body armor.
"The catalog of the shelters invented by Lieutenant Colonel A. A. Cheterzin" is so called a brochure, published by the typographical way and sewn into one of the cases stored in the Central State Military Historical Archive. It provides such information: "The weight of the shelter: the lightest 11/2 pounds (pound - 409.5 g), the heaviest 8 pounds. Under the clothes are invisible. Poles against rifle bullets, not made by a 3-linear military rifle, have an 8 pounds weight. Panciri closes: heart, lungs, belly, both sides, vertebral pole and back against lungs and hearts. The impenetrability of each shell is checked by shooting in the presence of the buyer. "
In the "catalog" there are several acts of testing of the shelves conducted in 1905-1907. One of them was reported: "In the presence of His Imperial Majesty, the emperor's sovereign on June 11, 1905 in Oranienbaum was made shooting machine-gun rota. It was shot out of 8 machine guns on a shell from the alloy, invented by Lieutenant Colonel Cheterzin, from a distance of 300 steps. 36 bullets fell into the shell. The shell was not broken, and the crack did not turn out. When testing, the entire variable school composition was attended.
Shield-shell, which Sorovovo Plant Society offered during World War II.

Poles were also tested in the reserve of the Moscow metropolitan police, on the order of which they were manufactured. Archery was carried out at a distance of 15 steps. Poles, as noted in the act, "turned out to be impenetrable, and the bullets of fragments were not given. The first batch turned out to be quite satisfactory. "
In the commission of the reserve commission of St. Petersburg metropolitan police, it was said: "The test gave the following results: when shooting in breastplate and spinal shells, covered with thin silk matter, weighing the first 4 pound 75 spools (spool - 4.26 g) and the second 5 pounds 18 spools , closing breasts, stomach, sides and back, bullets (browning), breaking through the matter, deform and produce a deepening on the shell, but they do not break through, while remaining between matter and shell, with no bullet fragments outwards. "
By the beginning of the world's first world kirasso in Russia they were in fashion. They equipped the metropolitan police - to protect against the knives of the criminals and bullets of revolutionaries. Several thousand they were sent to the army. Cyrass of the hidden (under the clothes) of wearing are interested in civilians who were afraid of armed robbery - despite high prices (from 1500 to 8,000 rubles). Alas, together with the first demand for these prototypes, civilian armor appeared the first crooks, they used. Promising that their goods do not shoot from the machine gun, they sold the kings who, to put it mildly, could have endured any tests.

In the early days of 1918, France's artillery-technical management conducted a test of old Kiras on the Polygon of Fort de La Peña. The soldiers were shot from a pistol, rifles and machine gun with quite encouraging results with a metal shell. With the beginning of the First World War, the kings and similar means of protection used not only Russia, but also other countries.
The American army experimented with armor for their troops on the Western Front of the First World War

In the German army, helmets were used with special mounted armor. The pins of additional protection fasteners in the standard German helm caused the opponent only the evil judgments about the "stirring" of the Kaiser Army, when, as the product itself, though she protected from direct bullets, but at the same time, the cervical vertebrae of the soldier, making the cervical vertebrae of the soldier, making it fatal in any case.

Checking other elements of armored personnel in the case showed their advantages and disadvantages. Of course, it was a good protection of the body - with his vital organs. However, the resistance of the koraries depended on its thickness. It is too thin and easy at all without protecting the standard rifle bullets and large fragments, the stronger weighed so much that it was impossible to fight in it.
German "body armor" 1916

However, surveys in the field of personal infantry armoredness were not limited to the end of the First World War.
Creation of the Italian Military Thought of the Times of the First World War

Relatively successful compromise was found in 1938, when the first experimental steel bib of CH-38 (CH-1) was in service with the Red Army. As it is clear from the name, he defended the soldier only in front (chest, belly and groin). Due to savings on the protection of the back, it was possible to increase the thickness of the steel sheet, without overloading too fighter.
But all weak sides This decision was shown during the Finnish company, and in 1941 the development and production of the CH-42 Bib (CH-2) began. His creators was the armored laboratory of the Institute of Metals (TsNIIM) under the leadership of M. I. Koryukov - one of the authors of the famous Soviet helmet, consisting of arms so far.
CH-38 CH-38 CHAIR (CH-1)

CH-42 consisted of two plates with a thickness of three millimeters, the top and bottom - since the soldiers could not be injected in a solid bib. He protected well from fragments, from automatic queues (at a distance of over 100 meters), although he did not stand the shot from a rifle or machine gun. First of all, they were equipped with the groups of army special forces - assault engineering and saming brigades (SHISBR). They were used in the hardest sections: Taking powerful fortifications, street battles. At the front they were called "shell infantry", as well as comic "racks".
This "shell" soldiers were usually put on the sleeves on the sleeves, which served as an additional shock absorber, despite the fact that a special lining had a special lining from the inside. But there were cases when the "shell" put on top of a maskhalate, as well as on top of the overcoat.

According to Frontovikov reviews, the assessment of such a bib was the most controversial - from flattering reviews to complete rejection.
But after analyzing the combat path of "Experts", you come to the next paradox: the bib was valuable in the assault parts that "took" large cities, and negative feedback They walked mainly from parts that captured field fortifications. The "shell" prevented the breasts from the bullets and fragments until the soldier walked or fled, as well as in a hand-to-hand fight, so he was more needed in street fighting.

However, in the field conditions, the shtcharzovki moved more in bloody, and then the steel bib was becoming absolutely unnecessary noise. In the parts that the battles were fighting on a weakly-sealed area, these bibs move first to battalion, and then on brigaded warehouses.

In 1942, he was tested in a size of 560x450 mm measured from 4-mm steel. Usually it was worn on the belts behind her back, and in the combat atmosphere, the arrows put it in front of him and inserted a rifle to the provided slot. Recommendable information about the so-called "soldier armor" - 5-mm steel sheet with dimensions of 700x1000 mm and weighing 20-25 kg with inside edges and again the hole for the rifle. These devices used observers and snipers.
In 1946, CH-46 entered the arms, the last steel bib. Its thickness was increased to 5 mm, which made it possible to resist the queues from the machine type of PPS or MR-40 at a distance of 25 m, and for more convenience, it consisted of three parts.

Steel Kirase had three drawbacks: big weight, inconvenience when driving, and when the bullet gets, there are pumping fragments of steel and lead splashes, wounded by its owner.
It was possible to get rid of them through the use of tissue material from durable synthetic fibers.

Alone of the first new remedy created Americans. During the Korean War, they provided their soldiers from a multi-layer nylon. There were several species (M-1951, M-1952, M-12, etc.), and some had some of the real vest - fastening in front. They were impossible against the bullets, and in general were originally intended to protect the crews of military equipment from small fragments. That is why they closed the soldiers only to the belt. Somewhat later, body armor began to issue those fighters that fought on "their two" (that is, infantry). For this, they were lengthened and added protective collars. In addition, to enhance protection, the metal plates began to put the metal plates inside the body armor (sew or invest in special pockets).

The USA has joined the Vietnamese war with these body armor. An analysis of the loss of the American army showed that 70-75% of injuries are fragmentation, and the majority in the body.
To reduce them, it was decided to wear infantry into body armor, which saved a lot of American soldiers and officers from the Russian Academy of Sciences, and even from death. The emergence of a particularly strong synthetic material of Kevlar, developed in 1965 by the American company DuPont, as well as special ceramics, allowed the United States to proceed to the production of body armor, which could somehow defend their soldiers and from bullets.

The first domestic body armor was made in the All-Union Institute of Aviation Materials (VIAM). It began to be developed in 1954, and in 1957 he received the 6B1 index and was adopted on the supply of the USSR armed forces. There were made about one and a half thousand copies laid on the warehouses. Mass production of body armor was decided to deploy only in the case of the occurrence of a threatened period.

The protective composition of the BZ was mosaicized hexagonal aluminum alloy hexagonal plates, followed by several layers of kapron tissue and a lining of batting. The vest protected from the bullet cartridge 7.62x25, released from the gun-machine gun (PPS or PPS) from a distance of 50 meters and fragments.

In the initial period of the war in Afghanistan, a number of these BZ fell into the division of the 40th Army. Although the protective characteristics of these body armor were recognized as insufficient, their exploitation gave positive experience. In February 1979, a meeting was held in the CPSU Central Committee on the equipment of individual armor units of the OCSV divisions in Afghanistan. The representatives of the Research Institute of Research Institute of Research Institute of Research Institute of Research Institutes began to create a vest for the army using constructive solutions previously developed on the order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Broncelet SHZT-71M.

The first experienced batch of such body armor was sent to Afghanistan in March 1979. In 1981, the body armor was adopted on the supply of the USSR Armed Forces called 6B2 (Zh-81).
Its protective composition consisted of titanium armoflastine Adu-605-80 with a thickness of 1.25 mm and a ballistic screen from aramid tissue TSSM-J.

With a mass of 4.8 kg, BZ provided protection against fragments and pistol bullets. He could no longer confront the bullets of the long-life sorrel weapon (bullets of the 9.62x39 bullets pierced the protective composition already at distances of 400-600 meters).
By the way, a curious fact. The cover of this body armor was made of kapron tissue, it was fastened for newcomers then "velcro". All this gave the product a very "abroad" view. What served as a reason for numerous rumors that these BZ were purchased abroad - not that in the Czech Republic, not that in the GDR, but even at all in some coat ...

The war running in Afghanistan demanded the army to equip the army with more reliable means of individual armor, providing protection against small-arms bullets on the real range of existence.

The two types of such body armor are developed and adopted: 6B3TM and 6B4. In the first, the titanium armoflastines are as-605t-83 with a thickness of 6.5 mm, in the second - ceramic hell 14.20.00.000, from boron carbide. Both bodyrooms provided circular anti-pole protection of the PS 9,62x39 bullets from a distance of 10 meters.
However, the experience of military operation showed that the weight of such protection is excessive. So, 6b3tm weighed 12.2 kg, and 6b4 - 12 kg.

As a result, it was decided to make the defense of the differentiated: the breast section of the opponent, and the spinal - anti-cabinet (with titanium broomapinals, similar to those used in the vest 6B2. This made it possible to reduce the mass of vests to 8.2 and 7.6 kg, respectively. In 1985, such body armor were accepted For the supply under the indexes 6b3-01 (zh-85t) and 6b4-01 (zh-85k).

When creating these body armor, for the first time an attempt was made to combine protective functions with the possibility of carrying a combat display. In special pockets of vest covers, 4 stores could be located in AK or RPK, 4 hand grenades, gas masks and radio stations.

Stripping from the accumulated experience, it was decided to make a unified body armor, which, having a single design, could be equipped with various types of armored elements and provide protection for various levels.
Such a vest was adopted for supplying in 1986 under the index 6B5 (Zh-86). The remaining body-made body armor was decided to leave in the troops to their complete replacement (in fact, the BZ 6B3-01 managed to play in the first, and in the second Chechny campaigns).
The first generation ending in a number of Russian vests is a series of body armor 6b5. This series was created by the Research Institute of Steel in 1985 after a cycle of research work on the definition of standardized typical means of individual armor.
Series 6B5 was based on the already developed and operating vehicles and included 19 modifications that differ in the level of protection, area, appointment. Distinctive feature This series is the modular principle of building protection. those. Each follow-up model in the series could be formed from unified protective assemblies. As the latter, modules based on tissue structures, titanium, ceramics and steel were envisaged.

The body armor 6b5 was adopted in 1986 under the designation of the F-86. The new vest was a cover in which soft ballistic screens from TCSM-J, and so-called fabric. Mounting boards, in the pockets of which armoflastines were placed. The protective compositions could be used by the Bronoonpanels of the following types: Ceramic Adu 14.20.00.000, Titanium AU-605T-83 and AU-605-80 and Steel Adu 14.05 with a thickness of 3.8 mm.
Early models of body armor had covers from the categorous tissue of various shades of green or gray-green. There were also batch with Cases of X / B fabrics with a camouflage pattern (two-color for divisions of the KGB and VV MTD of the USSR, three-color - for airborne and marine infantry).
After adopting the combination of the combination of camouflage "Flora", the body armor 6b5 was produced with such a camouflage pattern.

The 6B5 body armor consists of a transfer and backs connected in the shoulder area with textile clasp and belt-sketched fastening for adjustment by growth. Before and the back consist of covers, in which fabric protective pockets and blocks of pockets and armor elements are located. Protective properties are preserved after exposure to moisture when using water-repellent covers for protective pockets.
The body armor is equipped with two water-repellent covers for protective pockets, two spare armielements and bag. All models of the body armor are equipped with an anti-skid collar. On the case of the body armor outside, pockets are placed for automatic stores and other elements of weapons. In the shoulders area there are rollers that prevent the scoring of the rifle belt from the shoulder.
During the distance of the 90s, the development of army tools of individual protection was stalled, the financing of many promising projects on the bodyrooms was minimized. But the rampant crime in the country gave impetus to the development and production of individual armor tools for individuals. The demand for them in this early years has significantly exceeded the proposal.
It is not by chance in Russia as mushrooms after the rain began to appear firms and firms offering this products. After 3 years, the number of such firms exceeded 50. The apparent simplicity of the body armor led to this sphere to the mass of amateurs firms, and sometimes of the frank charlatans.
As a result, the quality of body armor, which flooded the Russian market dropped sharply. Evaluating one of these "body armor", experts from the Research Institute of Steel found one day that the usual food aluminum was used as protective elements. Obviously, besides, such a vest was no longer defended from the strike.
Therefore, in 1995, a significant step was performed in the field of personal armor means - the appearance of the GOST R 50744-95 (reference) regulating the classification and technical requirements for body armor.
Progress did not stand still, and the army needed new body armor. The concept of BKE (the basic set of individual equipment) appeared, in which a significant role was played by a body armor. The first project BKE "Barmitsa" contained the topic "took" - a new army body armor, to replace the body armor of the Flower series.

Within the framework of the topic "took" a body armor 6b11, 6b12, 6b13 and was adopted in 1999. What is uncharacteristic for the Soviet period, these body armor are developed and produced by a significant number of organizations and differ significantly in their characteristics. Bulfurgeons 6B11, 6B12, 6B13 are produced or carried out by the Research Institute of Steel, CSM Armokom, NPF Technomcom, Kirase JSC.
In general, 6b11 - the body armor of the 2nd class of protection, weighing about 5kg. 6B12 - Provides breast protection in the 4th Class of Protection, Back - on the Second. Mass - about 8kg. 6B13 - Circular protection of the 4th grade, weighing about 11kg.
Bora carbide, together with corundum and silicon carbide, and today are used for the manufacture of body armor of the Russian army. Unlike metals, these materials do not create fragments when entering the bullet - which then have to smoke surgeons, but to crumble into safe "sand" (like a glass of car).

In addition to several major general-purpose (infantry) models, in service with the army and special services are an innumerable amount of specific: from protective sets of pilots to Space Space Spaces Space Spaces, reinforced by a special framework - which should withstand not only fragments, but also an explosive wave. Not to do without some curiosities: Actually, the body armor is always "reliced" for men, and now women are massively in the army, the figure of which, as you know, have some differences.
In the meantime, the production of body armor is promised to make another revolution. For example, the Dutch company "Heerlen" declared the development of the "Dyneema SB61" fabric from polyethylene fiber, which, according to its assurances, is 40% stronger than Kevlar.
And Specialists of the University of Delaware and "US Army Research Laboratory" (USA) offered a completely original "liquid armor". Their experimental sample is a kevlar tissue, impregnated with stf - a mixture of microscopic quartz particles and polyethylene glycol. The meaning of the innovation is that quartz particles, penetrating the fibers of the fabric, replace the uncomfortable plug-in armor plastic.

As in the case of military kraisami, after the appearance of body armor in the army, they were also marriage. The excitement at them arose immediately after the Korean War - the soldiers returning home told about "magic vests" a lot of fantastic stories.
In the end, the myth appeared that a simple tissue armor was completely impenetrable. Moreover, fairy tales appeared about certain "broncers" - the usual fitness.
Judge for yourself: the shirt is made from one layer of fabric, which is not even enough to protect against miniature "Browning".
To protect yourself, you need to wear at least a kevlar "tag."

Typical civilian armor articles are classified as 1-3 class. The first, of several layers of the fabric, protects the PM and Nagan type gun bullets - but no more! In addition, it will easily pierce the stylet or awl that pass through the kevlar tissue, spreading its fibers (like through the links of the ring).
The second class includes pretty thick dense vests, reinforced in the most vital places with thin inserts (usually metallic). They are designed for a punch punch TT and model of pistols under the cartridge 9 mm.

The third class is less convenient body armor, equipped with armor-plastic. They are designed to protect against shots from light automata - there is no automatic assault carbine Kalashnikov, and the guns-machine gun type PPS, "ultrasound", "Kehler-Koh", etc. All three classes are hidden wearing body armor, which are under a shirt, sweater, jacket. If desired and the presence of additional funds, they will be made to order, on any style and color.
Quite often, customers are asked to perform them in the form of an ordinary vest from a costume or a female corset, sometimes disguise under a jacket or a jacket. This is mainly necessary for aesthetic considerations, so as not to shock others - if his owner is a public person.

It should be noted that the bodyrooms are more extensive circle of owners than it seems at first glance. For example, in Israel, sometimes they are ordered for children - for obvious reasons. And in the UK in body armor, they want to wear police dogs.
The fourth and fifth class of body armor are already referred to professional, combat - and they are intended for the army, militia, special services. These dresses on top of a suit thick and pretty heavy "Panciri" promise that your body armor will protect not only from fragments of the pomegranates nearby, but also will withstand a bullet from the Kalashnikov machine, M-16 and even sniper rifle. But only not to focus, but from a distance of several hundred meters, and a simple, and not with an armor-piercing core - which passes through the Kevlar threads as well as sewn, and breaks the plates.
Theoretically, the body armor can be attached to the plate that will even withstand a bullet from a large-caliber machine gun. But the soldier will not save it in any way. And that's why.

Armor, whether it is steel, kevlar or composite, just delays a bullet or a fragment: only part of its kinetic energy turns into heat in the inelastic deformations of the vest and the bullet itself. However, the impulse is preserved. And getting into the body armor, the pistol bullet causes a blow that can be compared with a good hook of professional boxer. The bullet from the machine will hit the armor-plow with the power of a sledgehammer - breaking the rib and chopping the inside. That is why even for steel kids and bibs soldiers pushed cotton tanks or homemade pillows - for at least some softening of the blow. Now for this use amortizing gaskets from porous spring materials. But they also help partially.

What will happen when the bullet is hit by a 12.7 mm caliber, it is not difficult to imagine. It is unlikely that the poor man with a light and scattered spine smoke even the most experienced surgeon. That is why the strengthening of the bulbs of the body armor is advisable only to a certain turn - for which it is just better not to experience fate.

Since ancient times, man tried to protect himself from the arrows, sword, dart. Armor came many times and left, various options for Kiras, shells, Kolchug and Armpeople replaced one another. Firearms strongly undermined the position of armor. To wear a piece of iron was almost meaningless. However, the inventors were in no hurry to lower their hands.

One of the prerequisites of modern vest invented Koreans. Myeonje Baegab (면제 배갑, 绵制 背甲), first soft body armor. After the invasion of French forces in 1866, the inhabitants of the Kingdom of Coson found that Western rifles exceed all that they have at the moment. The ruler of the state ordered urgently to do something.

By 1871, to the beginning of the US military intervention, the Koreans had the first body armor. It consisted of multilayer cotton fabric (layers were from 13 to 30), was extremely uncomfortable, it was hot in it. But, perhaps, the biggest problem was the absence of fire resistance - a shot from the gun made to glow several Korean soldiers at once, in which fragments got. One of the copies of Myeonje Baegab was captured by the Americans and delivered to the Smithsonian Institute, where he is still in the exposition of the local museum.

Myeonje Baegab.

People did not leave attempts to protect against firear. One of the most advanced protographs of the body armor was the armor of New Kelly, Australian bandit. In the 1880th, the British Crown offered 8000 pounds for the leader of the Shaul - equivalent of $ 2 million today. Ned and his brethren were dressed in self-forged armor. She weighed 44 kg. The bullets literally bounced off her. One little minus - hands and legs were not protected. He looked at Kelly's gang.

Meanwhile, in the early 1880s, in Arizona, Dr. George Emery Goodfelow, one of the pioneers of modern forensic medicine, at the opening of the corpse, found that a bullet that fell into a folded silk scarf was stuck in the fabric and in the body Not entered. He described this case, and, subsequently, the doctor's notes took advantage of the doctor who could rightfully be considered the inventor of modern body armor - Casimir Zeglen.

George Emery Gudfelou

The Casimir was strange for the inventor of the bulletproof vest profession. He was neither a trader nor an ordinary inventor nor a military. Zeglen was a Catholic priest. The inventor of the vest was born in Poland. In 1890, Casimir, at the 21st age, and went to America. He fell into Chicago, there he headed the parish, in which there were about 4,000 parishioners - mainly, Poles. In 1893, the mayor of Chicago, Carter Harrison, shot a classic "disappointed" killer - Patrick Eugene Presterngast (he expected after the next victory of the mayor to get a good post and was extremely upset by refusal. Kazimir and previously wondered - how can you save a person from bullets? After the murder of the mayor, he resumed his youth attempt to create a tissue armor.

Kazimir Zeglen

For several years, the priest experimented with various materials: metal chips, horse hair, moss and much more was recalled until finally he stumbled upon the notes of the Arizona Doctor. They opened him the magnificent properties of silk. The material was found. It remains to find a way to weave the desired vest. He visited the factory in Germany and Austria, famous for their progressive technologies and, finally, the necessary method was found.

Multilayer silk of Zeplen design could stretch and extinguish the bullet energy. In the newspapers of the time it is noted that Zeglenovsky bulletproof vests and coatings successfully confront close to ordinary lead bullets, and from afar - steel, as well as bullets of the Dum-Dum. To dispel all doubts, Zeplen arranged a public demonstration. In 1901, his Polish buddy Borzikovsky shot focus from the pistol in his servant. Then, Zeglen himself demonstrated his invention to the public. They were shot from the distance to eight steps, and no bullet was delivered.

The photo taken on the TEGLEN vests of Zeplen vest in 1901.

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In its modern form, the body armor appeared in the early 50s, they were invented by Americans and first applied during the Korean War. They calculated that most of the injuries occur due to the effects of the fragments of shells and mines, which do not have too large kinetic energy. To protect against these factors, a body armor from several layers of high-strength tissues - Capron or Nylon was created.

The first mass body armor M1951 was released in the amount of 31 thousand pieces, it was made of nylon and could be enhanced with aluminum inserts. The weight of the body armor was 3.51 kg. His creators did not set themselves the task of holding bullets, but he was not bad defended the fighter from fragments.

Morpekh in the brandleter M1951.

The mass spread of body armor in the US Army began during the Vietnamese war. The standard American army body armor of this pore is M-1969 (3.85 kg) made of nylon threads.

Body armor M-1969

In the USSR, the first body armor 6b1 was adopted for the supply in 1957, but he was never launched into mass production. Expand its mass production was planned only in the case of a big war.

After the start of hostilities in Afghanistan, the entire supply of 6b1 was immediately transferred to the existing army. However, for the difficult conditions of the mountains, this body armor was too heavy. It was decided to develop a new means of protection, which would have a smaller weight. Specialists of the Moscow Research Institute of Steel were engaged in these works. In the shortest possible time, they created the Soviet body armor of the first generation 6B2, which was held the entire Afghan war.

Body armor 6b1

Body armor 6b2.

The main protective element 6B2 was small titanium plates laid in special pockets. The body armor reliably defended from fragments, but the AK-47 bullet pierced it at a distance of 400-600 meters.

For several years afghan war Several body armor were developed. The main direction of their improvement was to increase protective characteristics.

In the West, the development of body armor was somewhat different ways. War in Vietnam can be called traditional (unlike Afghanistan) and the number of fragmentation wounds significantly exceeded the loss of small arms. Therefore, the Americans were in no hurry with the development of anti-government body armor. In addition, in the mid-1970s, a new promising material for soft body armor - Kevlar began to produce on an industrial scale.

In the early 80s, a new soft kevlar body armor is received on the supply of the American army - PASGT. This body armor remained basic for the American army until 2006. However, after the start of operations in Afghanistan and Iraq, the same problem was the same problem as before the Soviet troops in the 80s. For anti-playing actions, a body armor was needed, providing protection from small arms.

PASGT.

The first such body armor became RBA, adopted on the supply of the US Army in the early 90s. Its main protective elements were small ceramic tileslaid in a vest from nylon fabric. The weight of the body armor was 7.3 kg.

In 1999, the American army received an OTV body armor that protects against fragments. When installing additional protective panels, this body armor can withstand the automatic bullets.

In 2007, the US Army supply was adopted by MTV brand armies with anti-ski protection.

In 1983, the first Soviet anti-top body armor 6b3t appears, in 1985, 6b5 "hive" - \u200b\u200ba universal body armor, which, depending on the configuration could provide different level protection.

6B3T

6B5 "Beehive"

Now in the USA uses different kinds Bulfurgeons, such as IMTV or CIRAS, we still have a model 6B43 "took".

The American IMTV body armor is a modification of the MTV body armor, in which the developers tried to take into account some complaints and wishes of Morpekhov. As a result, the change was touched only by some secondary details of the design, increasing the comfort of wearing, the quality of fitting on the figure (especially in growth), facilitating dressing-removal. Wherein general weight The body armor decreased extremely not significant. As for the area and quality of IMTV protection, it remained at the MTV level.

6B43 "took"

The project "taken" came to the change of the series "Beehive" in the 90s and there are dozens of basic and special modifications. The 6B43 series "took" was adopted in 2010 and became a kind of response to the American developers of the body armor, which arranged a variety in the American "market" of the armor.

Russian developers from St. Petersburg NPF "TEKHINKOM" significantly improved tactical and technical characteristics. The body armor 6b43 in full modification consists of 4 sections that provide full protection of the military housing: the chest plate, the dorsal and two side. The plates are fastened with adjustable connections with fastex clashes in shoulders, at the belt level, which allows you to customize the model for growth and physique.

They do not make a militant screen, do not sparkle to the surface closest to the mirror glitter, they are not decorated with plumes and chased coat of arms - and often disguised under jackets. But today without these unscrews with the appearance of the Armor, it is simply unthinkable to send soldiers into battle or ensure the minimum safety of VIP-person ...

Who was the first to come up with a warrior armor, protecting him from the death blow of the enemy, still the question is controversial.

In daisy goplite's emphasis (heavy ancient Greek infantry) Like the warriors of ancient Rome, bronze kids were worn, while these kids had the form of a man's muscular body, which in addition to the aesthetic considerations and psychological impact on the enemy, also made the armor more durable, since these sections are played The role of improvised rigid ribs.

According to the strength of the bronze at that time, it was definitely more effective, due to its viscosity, for the foundations of metallurgy and properties of metals, humanity is only beginning to comprehend in full, and the steel plates of the armor were still fragile and unreliable.

Bronze armor, including solid kids, were used in the Roman army until the beginning of our era. The disadvantage was, in its high cost, in many ways, in many ways, its victories, the Roman army was obliged to the superiority of its infantry in protectedness, with respect to the enemy who did not have effective protection against cold and throwing weapons.
Rome's fall led to decline to unetny craft. In the dark century the main and almost the only one
The armor of the knights was chain or scales. It was not as effective as Kirase, and quite uncomfortable due to weight, but still allowed, to a certain extent, to reduce the losses in a hand-to-hand fight.

In the XIII century for the effort the chalch should be applied with the so-called "brigantine", made of metal plates boves under the cloth.

Brigantines than it was similar to constructively on a modern body armor, but the quality of the materials used in their manufacture, which was used to be effectively protected, from a straight, stitching hit in close battle. By the end of the XIV century, the Kolchug began to be replaced with more efficient lats, and Brigantine became the lotion of the poor warriors components of light infantry and.

For some time, the knightly cavalry protected by steel armor was almost the ideal means of solving the outcome of any battle, while its domination on the battlefield did not put an end firearm.

Heavy armor was powerless to the boot and rarely only lost bullet injuries - bullets and a strip, breaking through a thin steel bib, passing on the departure, ricked by the armor, inflicting additional fatal wounds.

Exit from this situation there was one one - due to the imperfection of firearms, connected with the tempo and the accuracy of shooting, to save the position could only speed and maneuverability of the cavalry, and hence heavier armor, dressed on the knight, was already a burden.

Therefore, the main armor of the 16-17th century was the main armor, only Kirase remained, determining the emergence of a new type of military equestrian units - Kirassirov and Gusar, whose rapid attacks, not rarely worked out the course of historical battles. But with the improvement of military affairs and the modernization of firearms, and this "armor" was in the end, the burden.

In the Russian army undeservedly forgotten by several dozen years of kids, returned only by 1812. On January 1, 1812, the highest decree on the manufacture for the cafe of this safety equipment was followed. By July 1812, all the Kirassirian shelves received the kings of a new sample made of iron and coated with black paint.

Kirase states from two half - breast and spinal, fastening the help of two belts with copper-opponents, glued to the dorsal half of the shoulders and boasting on two copper buttons. In ordinary, these belts had iron scales, the officers are copper.

At the edges of Kirase, it was covered with a red lace, and from the inside had a lining from a white canvas beaten by cotton. Naturally, the bullet did not hold such protection, but in the near battle, a hand-to-hand fight or equestrian sstop, a similar type of armor protection was simply necessary. Subsequently, with a decrease in the effectiveness of this protection, Kirase, in the end, remained in the troops only as an element of the front clothes.

The results of the Inkerman Sagl in which the Russian infantry was shot like a target in a dash, and the staggering loss of George Picket Division (George Edward Pickett, 1825-1875) in the battle of Gettisburg (Battle of Gettysburg, 1863), literally by the fire of Northerners, forced the commander to think Not only about changing traditional battle tactics. After all, the boobs of soldiers were protected from a deadly metal only with a subtle cloth uniform.

While battles were represented by the exchange of muscle volley, followed by a hand-to-hand throat, it did not cause special concern. But with the advent of rapid artillery, falling asleep by the battlefield of the battle with shrapnel and fragmentation grenades, rapid, and then machine guns, the losses of the armies are monstrously grew.

The generals treated the lives of their soldiers in different ways. Someone respected them and the coast of them, someone considered death in battle for a real man, for someone soldiers were simply consumable. But they all converged that excessive losses would not allow them to win the battle - or even lead to the defeat. Especially vulnerable were the fighters going to the attacks of infantry battalions and acting on the advanced spermnial mouth - on which the enemy and focused its main fire. Therefore, the idea appeared to find a way to protect at least them.

»Crop of death." ABOUT the bottom of the most famous photos of the American photographer Timothy O'Sullivan (Timothy O'sullivan, 1840-1882), made by him on the day of the battle during the Gettisberg. Photo: Timothy H. O'sullivan from the archive of the US Congress Library

First on the battlefield lit to return the old reliable shield. In 1886, the steel panels of the colonel of Fisher, with special windows for firing passed in Russia. Alas, too thin, they were ineffective - because they easily shot out of the new rifles. And the Japanese who used Port Artwork Steel Shields during the siege, the other problem arose.
Having dimensions of 1 m at 0.5 m and sufficient thickness, these shields weighed 20 kg - so it was simply impossible to run with them into the attack. Subsequently, the idea appeared to put such heavy shields on the wheels, which was transformed into the creation of armored boxes - climbing in which, the infantryman moved, pushing his legs. These were witty, but low-oat constructions, because it was possible to push such a cart only to the first obstacle.
Another project turned out to be promising - return to the use of kidra (shell). Fortunately, the idea was right in front of the eyes, because at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries, she was still part of the parade uniform of the Kirassian regiments. It turned out that even a simple kirass of an old sample (intended for protection against cold weapons) from a distance of a couple of tens of meters can withstand 7.62 mm bullet from the revolver Nagana. Accordingly, some of her thickening (to reasonable limits) could protect a person and from something more powerful.

So the revival of Kiras began. It should be noted that Russia responded to Japanese shields to the order for his army 100,000 infantry kiras in the French company "Simone, Geslong and K". However, the goods delivered was unfit. Whether the company was firm, or the interest of Paris was affected in the defeat of the Russians - which resulted in a still large retracting of Russia in debt bondage to French banks.
The means of protecting the domestic design were reliable. Among their authors are the most famous lieutenant colonel A. A. Cheterzin, who made kids from the same steel alloys developed by him. This talented person will undoubtedly be called the father of the Russian body armor.

"The catalog of the shelters, invented by Lieutenant Colonel A. A. Cheterzin," so called a brochure, published by the typographic way and sewn into one of the cases stored in the Central State Military Historical Archive. It provides such information: "The weight of the shelter: the lightest 11/2 pound (pound - 409.5 g), the heaviest 8 pounds. Under the clothes are invisible. Poles against rifle bullets, not made by a 3-linear military rifle, have an 8 pounds weight. Panciri closes: heart, lungs, belly, both sides, vertebral pole and back against lungs and hearts. The impenetrability of each shell is checked by shooting in the presence of the buyer. "

In the "catalog" there are several acts of testing of the shelves conducted in 1905-1907. One of them was reported: "In the presence of his imperial Majesty, the sovereign of the emperor on June 11, 1905 in Oranienbaum was made by a machine-gun roth. It was shot out of 8 machine guns on a shell from the alloy, invented by Lieutenant Colonel Cheterzin, from a distance of 300 steps. 36 bullets fell into the shell. The shell was not broken, and the crack did not turn out. When testing was attended by the entire variable group composition. "

Shield-shell Which Sorovovo Plant Society offered during World War II.

Poles were also tested in the reserve of the Moscow metropolitan police, on the order of which they were manufactured. Archery was carried out at a distance of 15 steps. Panciri, as noted in the act, "turned out to be impenetrable, and the bullets of fragments were not given.

In the act of the commission of the reserve of St. Petersburg metropolitan police, it was said: "The test gave the following results: when shooting in breastplate and spine shells, covered with thin silk matters, weighing the first 4 pound 75 spools (spool - 4.26 g) and the second 5 pounds 18 spools , closing breasts, stomach, sides and back, bullets (browning), breaking through the matter, deform and produce a deepening on the shell, but they do not break through, while remaining between matter and shell, and no bullet fragments leave out of the bullet. "

By the beginning of the world's first world kirasso in Russia they were in fashion. They equipped the metropolitan police - to protect against the knives of the criminals and bullets of revolutionaries. Several thousand they were sent to the army. Cyrass of the hidden (under the clothes) of wearing are interested in civilians who were afraid of armed robbery - despite high prices (from 1500 to 8,000 rubles). Alas, together with the first demand for these prototypes, civilian armor appeared the first crooks, they used. Promising that their goods do not shoot from the machine gun, they sold the kings who, to put it mildly, could have endured any tests.
In the early days of 1918 yes, France's artillery-technical management conducted a test of old Kiras on the Polygon Fort de La Peña. The soldiers were shot from a pistol, rifles and machine gun with quite encouraging results with a metal shell. With the beginning of the First World War, the kings and similar means of protection used not only Russia, but also other countries.

The American army experimented with armor for their troops on the Western Front of the First World War.

In the German army, helmets were used with special mounted armor. The pins of additional protection fasteners in the standard German helm caused the opponent only the evil judgments about the "stirring" of the Kaiser Army, when, as the product itself, though she protected from direct bullets, but at the same time, the cervical vertebrae of the soldier, making the cervical vertebrae of the soldier, making it fatal in any case.

Checking other elements of armored personnel in the case showed their advantages and disadvantages. Of course, it was a good protection of the body - with his vital organs. However, the resistance of the koraries depended on its thickness. It is too thin and easy at all without protecting the standard rifle bullets and large fragments, the stronger weighed so much that it was impossible to fight in it.

German " body armor "1916.

However, surveys in the field of personal infantry armor are not limited to the end of the First World War.

Creation of the Italian Military Thought of the Times of the First World War

Relatively successful compromise was found in 1938, when the first experimental steel bib of CH-38 (CH-1) was in service with the Red Army. As it is clear from the name, he defended the soldier only in front (chest, belly and groin). Due to savings on the protection of the back, it was possible to increase the thickness of the steel sheet, without overloading too fighter.

But all the weaknesses of such a decision have shown themselves during the Finnish company, and in 1941 the development and production of the CH-42 boost (CH-2) began. His creators was the armored laboratory of the Institute of Metals (TsNIIM) under the leadership of M. I. Koryukov - one of the authors of the famous Soviet helmet, consisting of arms so far.

CH-38 CH-38 CHAIR (CH-1)

CH-42 consisted of two plates with a thickness of three millimeters, the top and bottom - since the soldiers could not be injected in a solid bib. He protected well from fragments, from automatic queues (at a distance of over 100 meters), although he did not stand the shot from a rifle or machine gun. First of all, they were equipped with the groups of army special forces - assault engineering and saming brigades (SHISBR). They were used in the hardest sections: Taking powerful fortifications, street battles. At the front they were called "shell infantry", as well as comic "racks".

This "shell" soldiers were usually dressed on the sleeve-torn sleeves, which served as an additional shock absorber, despite the fact that a special lining had a special lining from the inside. But there were cases when the "shell" put on top of a maskhalate, as well as on top of the overcoat.

According to Frontovikov reviews, the assessment of such a bib was the most controversial - from flattering reviews to complete rejection. But after analyzing the combat path of "Experts", you come to the next paradox: the bib was valuable in the assault parts that "took" large cities, and negative feedback walked mainly from parts that field fortifications captured. The "shell" prevented the breasts from the bullets and fragments until the soldier walked or fled, as well as in a hand-to-hand fight, so he was more needed in street fighting.

However, in the field conditions, the shtcharzovki moved more in bloody, and then the steel bib was becoming absolutely unnecessary noise. In parts that the battles led on a weakly populated area, these bibs move first to battalion, and then on brigading warehouses.

In 1942, he was tested in a size of 560x450 mm measured from 4-mm steel. Usually it was worn on the belts behind her back, and in the combat atmosphere, the arrows put it in front of him and inserted a rifle to the provided slot. Recommendable information about the so-called "soldier armor" - 5-mm steel sheet with dimensions of 700x1000 mm and weighing 20-25 kg with inside edges and again the hole for the rifle. These devices used observers and snipers.

In 1946, CH-46 entered the arms, the last steel bib. Its thickness was increased to 5 mm, which made it possible to resist the queues from the machine type of PPS or MR-40 at a distance of 25 m, and for more convenience, it consisted of three parts.

Steel Kirase had three disadvantages: a lot of weight, inconvenience when driving, and when the bullet hit, the crushing fragments of steel and a splash of lead, wounded by its owner. It was possible to get rid of them through the use of tissue material from durable synthetic fibers.

Alone of the first new remedy created Americans. During the Korean War, they provided their soldiers from a multi-layer nylon. There were several species (M-1951, M-1952, M-12, etc.), and some had some of the real vest - fastening in front. They were impossible against the bullets, and in general were originally intended to protect the crews of military equipment from small fragments.

That is why they closed the soldiers only to the belt. Somewhat later, body armor began to issue those fighters that fought on "their two" (that is, infantry). For this, they were lengthened and added protective collars. In addition, to enhance protection, the metal plates began to put the metal plates inside the body armor (sew or invest in special pockets).

The USA has joined the Vietnamese war with these body armor. An analysis of the loss of the American army showed that 70-75% of injuries are fragmentation, and the majority in the body. To reduce them, it was decided to wear infantry into body armor, which saved a lot of American soldiers and officers from the Russian Academy of Sciences, and even from death. The emergence of a particularly strong synthetic material of Kevlar, developed in 1965 by the American company DuPont, as well as special ceramics, allowed the United States to proceed to the production of body armor, which could somehow defend their soldiers and from bullets.

The first domestic body armor was made in the All-Union Institute of Aviation Materials (VIAM). It began to be developed in 1954, and in 1957 he received the 6B1 index and was adopted on the supply of the USSR armed forces. There were made about one and a half thousand copies laid on the warehouses. The mass production of body armor was decided to deploy only in the case of the military period.

The protective composition of the BZ was mosaicized hexagonal aluminum alloy hexagonal plates, followed by several layers of kapron tissue and a lining of batting. The vest protected from the bullet cartridge 7.62x25, released from the gun-machine gun (PPS or PPS) from a distance of 50 meters and fragments.

In the initial period of the war in Afghanistan, a number of these BZ fell into the division of the 40th Army. Although the protective characteristics of these body armor were recognized as insufficient, their exploitation gave positive experience. In February 1979, a meeting was held at the CPSU Central Committee

Individual armor units of OCSV in Afghanistan. The representatives of the Research Institute of Research Institute of Research Institute of Research Institute of Research Institutes began to create a vest for the army using constructive solutions previously developed on the order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Broncelet SHZT-71M.

The first experienced batch of such body armor was sent to Afghanistan in March 1979. In 1981, the body armor was adopted on the supply of the USSR Armed Forces called 6B2 (Zh-81). Its protective composition consisted of titanium armoflastine Adu-605-80 with a thickness of 1.25 mm and a ballistic screen from aramid tissue TSSM-J.

With a mass of 4.8 kg, BZ provided protection against fragments and pistol bullets. He could no longer confront the bullets of the long-life small arms (bullets of 7.62x39 punched the protective composition already at distances of 400-600 meters).

By the way, a curious fact. The cover of this body armor was made of kapron tissue, it was fastened for newcomers then "Velcro". All this gave the product a very "abroad" view. What served as a reason for numerous rumors that these BZ were purchased abroad - not that in the Czech Republic, not that in the GDR, but even at all in some coat ...

The war running in Afghanistan demanded the army to equip the army with more reliable means of individual armor, providing protection against small-arms bullets on the real range of existence.

The two types of such body armor are developed and adopted: 6B3TM and 6B4. In the first, the titanium armoflastines are as-605t-83 with a thickness of 6.5 mm, in the second - ceramic hell 14.20.00.000, from boron carbide. Both bodyrooms provided circular anti-pole protection of the PS 9,62x39 bullets from a distance of 10 meters. However, the experience of military operation showed that the weight of such protection is excessive. So, 6b3tm weighed 12.2 kg, and 6b4 - 12 kg.

As a result, it was decided to make the defense of the differentiated: the breast section of the opponent, and the spinal - anti-cabinet (with titanium broomapinals, similar to those used in the vest 6B2. This made it possible to reduce the mass of vests to 8.2 and 7.6 kg, respectively. In 1985, such body armor were accepted For the supply under the indexes 6b3-01 (zh-85t) and 6b4-01 (zh-85k).

When creating these body armor, for the first time an attempt was made to combine protective functions with the possibility of carrying a combat display. In special pockets of vest covers could be located 4 stores to AK or RPK, 4 hand grenades, and radio station.

Such a vest was adopted for supplying in 1986 under the index 6B5 (Zh-86). The remaining body-made body armor was decided to leave in the troops to their complete replacement (in fact, the BZ 6B3-01 managed to play in the first, and in the second Chechen campaigns).

The first generation ending in a number of Russian vests is a series of body armor 6b5. This series was created by the Research Institute of Steel in 1985 after the cycle of research work on the definition of standardized typical means of individual armor.

Series 6B5 was based on the already developed and operating vehicles and included 19 modifications that differ in the level of protection, area, appointment. A distinctive feature of this series is the modular principle of building protection. those. Each follow-up model in the series could be formed from unified protective assemblies. As the latter, modules based on tissue structures, titanium, ceramics and steel were envisaged.

The body armor 6b5 was adopted in 1986 under the designation of the F-86. The new vest was a cover in which soft ballistic screens from TCSM-J, and so-called fabric. Mounting boards, in the pockets of which armoflastines were placed. The protective compositions could be used by the Bronoonpanels of the following types: Ceramic Adu 14.20.00.000, Titanium AU-605T-83 and AU-605-80 and Steel Adu 14.05 with a thickness of 3.8 mm.

Early models of body armor had covers from the categorous tissue of various shades of green or gray-green. There were also batch with Cases from X / B fabrics with a camouflage pattern (two-color for the divisions of the KGB and BB of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR, tricolor - for airborne and marine infantry).

After adopting the combination of the combination of the camouflage "Flora", the body armor 6b5 was produced with such a camouflage pattern.

The 6B5 body armor consists of a transfer and backs connected in the shoulder area with textile clasp and belt-sketched fastening for adjustment by growth. Before and the back consist of covers, in which fabric protective pockets and blocks of pockets and armor elements are located. Protective properties are preserved after exposure to moisture when using water-repellent covers for protective pockets.

The body armor is equipped with two water-repellent covers for protective pockets, two spare armielements and bag. All models of the body armor are equipped with an anti-skid collar. On the case of the body armor outside, pockets are placed for automatic stores and other elements of weapons.

In the shoulders area there are rollers that prevent the scoring of a rifle belt from the shoulder. The time of the distance of the 90s, the development of army tools of individual protection stalled, the financing of many promising projects on the bodyrooms was minimized. But the rampant crime in the country gave impetus to the development and production of individual armor tools for individuals. The demand for them in this early years has significantly exceeded the proposal.

It is not by chance in Russia as mushrooms after the rain began to appear firms and firms offering this products. After 3 years, the number of such firms exceeded 50. The apparent simplicity of the body armor led to this sphere to the mass of amateurs firms, and sometimes of the frank charlatans.

As a result, the quality of body armor, which flooded the Russian market dropped sharply. Evaluating one of these "body armor", experts from the Research Institute of Steel found one day that the usual food aluminum was used as protective elements. Obviously, besides, such a vest was no longer defended from the strike.

Therefore, in 1995, was a significant step in the field of personal armor funds? The appearance of the GOST R 50744-95 (reference) regulating the classification and technical requirements for body armor.

Progress did not stand still, and the army needed new body armor. The concept of BKE (the basic set of individual equipment) appeared, in which a significant role was played by a body armor. The first project of BKE "Barmitsa" contained the topic "took" - a new army body armor, to replace the body armor of the "Fool" series.

Within the framework of the topic "took" a body armor 6b11, 6b12, 6b13 and adopted in 1999. What is uncharacteristic for the Soviet period, these body armor are developed and produced by a significant number of organizations and differ significantly in their characteristics. Bulfurgeons 6B11, 6B12, 6B13 are produced or carried out by the Research Institute of Steel, CSM Armokom, NPF Technomcom, Kirase JSC.

In general, 6b11 - the body armor of the 2nd class of protection, weighing about 5kg. 6B12 - Provides breast protection in the 4th Class of Protection, Back - on the Second. Mass - about 8kg. 6B13 - Circular protection of the 4th grade, weighing about 11kg.

Bora carbide, together with corundum and silicon carbide, and today are used for the manufacture of body armor of the Russian army. Unlike metals, these materials do not create fragments when entering the bullet - which then have to smoke surgeons, but to crumble into safe "sand" (like a glass of car).

In addition to several major general-purpose (infantry) models, in service with the army and special services are an innumerable amount of specific: from protective sets of pilots to Space Space Spaces Space Spaces, reinforced by a special framework - which should withstand not only fragments, but also an explosive wave. Not to do without some curiosities: Actually, the body armor is always "reliced" for men, and now women are massively in the army, the figure of which, as you know, have some differences.

In the meantime, the production of body armor is promised to make another revolution. For example, the Dutch company "Heerlen" announced the development of the "Dyneema SB61" fabric from polyethylene fiber, which, according to its assurances, is 40% stronger than Kevlar.

And Specialists of the University of Delaware and "US Army Research Laboratory" (USA) offered a completely original "liquid armor". Their experimental sample is a kevlar tissue, impregnated with stf - a mixture of microscopic quartz particles and polyethylene glycol. The meaning of the innovation is that quartz particles, penetrating the fibers of the fabric, replace the uncomfortable plug-in armor plastic.

As in the case of military kraisami, after the appearance of body armor in the army, they were also marriage. The excitement at them arose immediately after the Korean War - the soldiers returning home told about "magic vests" a lot of fantastic stories. In the end, the myth appeared that a simple tissue armor was completely impenetrable. Moreover, fairy tales appeared about certain "broncers" - the usual fitness. Judge for yourself: the shirt is made from one layer of fabric, which is not even enough to protect against miniature "Browning". To protect yourself, you need to wear at least a kevlar "tag."

Typical civilian armor articles are classified as 1-3 class. The first, of several layers of the fabric, protects the PM and Nagan type gun bullets - but no more! In addition, it will easily pierce the stylet or awl that pass through the kevlar tissue, spreading its fibers (like through the links of the ring).

The second class includes pretty thick dense vests, reinforced in the most vital places with thin inserts (usually metallic). They are designed for a punch punch TT and model of pistols under the cartridge 9 mm.

The third class is less convenient body armor, equipped with armor-plastic. They are called upon to protect from shooters from light automata - it is not in mind that no automatic assault carbine Kalashnikov, but a gun-machine gun type PPS, "Ultrasound", "Kehler-Koh", etc.

All three classes are hidden wearing body armor, which are under a shirt, sweater, jacket. If desired and the presence of additional funds, they will be made to order, on any style and color.

Quite often, customers are asked to perform them in the form of an ordinary vest from a costume or a female corset, sometimes disguise under a jacket or a jacket. This is mainly necessary for aesthetic considerations, so as not to shock others - if his owner is a public person.

It should be noted that the bodyrooms are more extensive circle of owners than it seems at first glance. For example, in Israel, sometimes they are ordered for children - for obvious reasons. And in the UK in body armor, they want to wear police dogs.

The fourth and fifth class of body armor are already referred to professional, combat - and they are intended for the army, militia, special services. These dressed tops are thick and pretty heavy "Panciri" promise that your body armor will protect not only from the fragments of the pomegranates nearby, but also will withstand a bullet from the Kalashnikov machine, M-16 and even sniper rifle. But only not to focus, but from a distance of several hundred meters, and a simple, and not with an armor-piercing core - which passes through the Kevlar threads as well as sewn, and breaks the plates.

Theoretically, the body armor can be attached to the plate that will even withstand a bullet from a large-caliber machine gun. But the soldier will not save it in any way. And that's why.

Armor, whether it is steel, kevlar or composite, just delays a bullet or a fragment: only part of its kinetic energy turns into heat in the inelastic deformations of the vest and the bullet itself. However, the impulse is preserved. And getting into the body armor, the pistol bullet causes a blow that can be compared with a good hook of professional boxer. The bullet from the machine will hit the armor-plow with the power of a sledgehammer - breaking the rib and chopping the inside.

That is why even for steel kids and bibs soldiers pushed cotton tanks or homemade pillows - for at least some softening of the blow. Now for this use amortizing gaskets from porous materials. But they also help partially.

What will happen when the bullet is hit by a 12.7 mm caliber, it is not difficult to imagine. Even the most experienced surgeon will be able to collect the poor man with a lighter and scattered spine. That is why the strengthening of the bulbs of the body armor is advisable only to a certain turn - for which it is just better not to experience fate.

Today we consider the body armor of Russia, classes, a device and history of occurrence.

Armored vest is a means of individual protection, the purpose of which is torso protection from injury by bullets, pomegranate fragments and elements ambient In the explosions.

To date, it is reliably unknown who invented protect the body of a warrior armor. However, many nations still in antiquity used various protective apparels.

So, soldiers Ancient Greece (Goplites) and Legionnaires Rome wore porses from bronze (quite expensive material for that time), which were performed in the form of a muscular body of an athlete. It should be noted that the muscles relief was used not only for the aesthetic beauty of protection, but also for practical. The fact is that all the transitions of the structure of the torsa (breast muscles, press) were ribbies of rigidity, which strengthened the design.

Antique armor - Kirase

After the fall of the Roman Empire, many crafts fell into decline, including a blacksmithing case. Therefore, for a long time, the warriors were used to protect the less efficient and relatively heavy mail in a compartment with stinting iron armor. In the 13th century invented protection in the form of metal plates, beaten under the cloth. In shape, such protection resembled a modern body armor. Brigantine was put on the chalch, which were mainly poor warriors who could not afford to acquire protective armor.

And although the Knight's armor allowed the detachments to successfully win battles, it turned out to be impoted against the exhausted firearms. But the imperfections of the guns could be overcome only by the swiftness of movement. For this, the soldiers had to abandon heavy armor and return to the pancer (two oval plates for the back and abdomen, pulled by leather belts). Kids were used almost all european countries, including Russian soldiers in the war of 1812.

Device of modern body armor

Modern worldwareties of Russia differ from the ancient prototypes with ergonomics and high resistance to one or another effects. However, in their design, they look like pines and brigantines, as they include sections to protect the back and chest. They are also connected by the shoulder and side straps (velcro, lightning, buttons).

The body armor consists of ergonomic elements based on MTMPE materials, titanium, steel and metal-ceramic plates, an anti-crystal layer and damping pads.

The anti-crochete layer is a rubberized layer of 5-10 mm thick, which is designed to protect the body of the fighter in the event of a bulleting of the bullet or a fragment of the outer layer of the body armor (protective plate or part of weapons), which can cause injury.

Material of the TSSMPE, Armidic Fibers and Fabric Rusar in all indicators are superior to such analogues like a beast (Europe) and Kevlar (USA). Domestic materials are not only better, but also ahead of foreign on many physicochemical properties.

"The TSMMPE material is ultrahonomolecular polyethylene, characterized by buoyancy and high resistance to ballistic impact. The material intensity is superior to the popular Kevlar and the beard with 40%, and 10 times tightly steel. "

Most of the vestments produced today in Russia are constructed according to the modular principle, which makes it possible to increase or decrease the area of \u200b\u200bprotection depending on the situation. Also they may vary external species Cover that is intended for the distribution of armored plates. In some cases, it can be used as a unloading vest for carrying a grenade, shops with cartridges and other things. However, the fabric for all types of body armor is made of heat-resistant and waterproof fabric. Also covers differ in cut, depending on the type of wearing - hidden with cut shoulders, opened with unwrapped shoulders.

Bulfurgeons are divided into classes that differ in the level of protection. So, they can be equipped with additional shock-absorbing inserts (antishes), shouting, paha protection sections, neck area and screens to protect the side parts of the torso. In addition, body armor is equipped with a special ventilating system from the inside of the vest, which consists of polyethylene strips.

Russia's body armor: protection classes

Bulfurgeons belonging to the first class consist only of tissue layers (from 5 to 10), designed to protect against PM or "type pistols." The weight of the vest varies from 1.5 to 3 kg. The main disadvantage is that such protection is easily pierced by a sharp object like a style or sewn due to the flucta fiber splen.

1 protection class

The second class includes tissue vests reinforced with metal plates, which are located in the most significant places to save lives. Weight - from 3 to 5 kg. Such protection can withstand bullets 9 mm from TT type pistols.

2 class protection

The third class of body armor is characterized by reduced characteristics of comfort due to an increase in the number of tissue layers up to 25 and enhancing the design of armor-plastic over the entire area, as well as a demmporetic gasket. Weight - from 9 to 11 kg. The inconvenience of the vest is compensated by protection against ultrasound machine guns, PPS and other light small arms.

Grade 3 Protection

Russia's body armor 1.2 and 3 classes are available to civilians and are intended for secretive wearing under clothing. Often, they are used public people, employees of private and public services security.

The fourth and fifth class of vests is intended for use by police officers, army parts and special forces. A distinctive feature of this type of vest is the abundantly ability to quickly remove the vest in case of prompt need. These are professional products that cannot boast of comfortably movement. But, despite the enough heavy weight of armor-piercing protection, vests of these classes are withstanding shots from the Kalashnikov machine, as well as the grenade break in close proximity to the fighter. In addition, the classrooms of these classes are completed with additional protection of the groin area and "collar" (neck protection).

4 class of protection

The modern market offers various body armor produced by USA, Germany or Israel. And although they differ externally, they produce them almost everywhere in the same principle and from materials similar in their functionality and strength. But, as already mentioned, Russian products are significantly superior to world counterparts. In this case, it is necessary to understand that the body armor does not give full protection. Often, a trauma derived from the blow of a bullet to protection is much more serious.

We reviewed Russia's body armor, now you know a little more about them.