Climacteric syndrome in women treatment. Menopause and weight gain. Symptoms of lightweight climage

Climacteric syndrome

a complex of vegetative-vascular, mental and exchange-endocrine disorders arising from women against the background of the extinction of the hormonal function of the ovaries and the common age involution of the body. It is a complication of the natural course of the menopausciceric period (menopausal period) and is observed in 30-60% of women.

Pathogenesis. In the pathogenesis K. s. The main role belongs to the mismatch of the activities of the hypothalamic structures of the brain, providing coordination of cardiovascular, respiratory and temperature reactions with emotional-behavioral. The most early and specific manifestation of K. s. - heat to the head, the upper limbs and the upper half of the body. These symptoms reflect disorders in central mechanisms controlling and pulsating hypothalamus neuropeptide emissions (luliberin, thyareoliberine, corticoliberine, etc.), which are involved in the regulation of the secretion of trop hormones of pituitary glands, activities of cardiovascular and respiratory systems, as well as in the regulation and formation of emotional behavioral reactions. With K. s. There are previously occurring violations in the highest regulatory centers, which is confirmed by the presence of a significant number of women of aggravated heredity, concomitant extragenital pathology and paroxysmal vegetative disorders.

Clinical picture. All symptoms K. s. They divide into three groups: vegetative-vascular, exchange-endocrine and mental. Vegetative-vascular symptoms include the heat of the heat of the heat to the head, the upper limbs and the upper half of the body and increased, as well as tachycardia, head, sympathetic and vagidosis (see hypothalamic syndromes) . The group of exchange-endocrine disorders includes trophic changes in the skin, vulva, vagina and bladder, osteoporosis. occupy a large place in the clinical picture K. with. In their manifestations, they are very diverse and nonspecific. This was reflected in the terminology - "Climacteric", "neurosis of anxiety", "psychosomatic", "psycho-finnish menopacteric." In all these cases, it is primarily about border mental (see neurosis , Psychopathy) and psychosomatic disorders; Special menopacteric psychosis does not exist. The main manifestations of mental disorders are affective shifts with the characteristic instability of the emotional sphere, pronounced fluctuations in mental activity and efficiency, deposits, senthenetics. Mood changes easily. According to a minor occasion, and sometimes without such, longing to appear with a loss of interest in the surrounding, feeling of powerlessness and devastation or and anxiety. Very often reduced accompanied by discontent, cavity, capriciousness. Significantly less often arise the states of increased mood with elements of exaltation and sentimentality. The instability of the mood and the corresponding patients sometimes resemble them with hysterical.

Mental activity is also very labile. They can be ordinary, even elevated, but suddenly a sense of fatigue may appear, accompanied by difficulty concentration of attention, the inability to perform everyday mental work. Equally unstable and deductions (, sexual feeling, etc.). Many patients have sleep disorders.

Characteristic to K. with. Vegetative disorders can be combined with sensenestopathies (sensestate) (, tingling, indefinite sensations in different fields of the body). This kind of often determine the development of hypochondriac ideas - such as thoughts about cancer, tuberculosis or any other serious disease.

The basis of the described mental disorders lie peculiar to K. p. Endocrine shifts and concomitant secondary somatic disorders, primarily vegetative (for example, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal disorders), as well as psychogenic factors.

With K. s. True psychogenic reactions associated with feelings and thoughts about the catastrophic ease and the expectations of the corresponding "consequences" may occur, primarily changes in family relations. Typically, such reactions are characterized by an alarming-depressive mood. In these cases, it is necessary to keep in mind that the picture that resembles psychogenic reactions with K. s., Endogenous (see Manico-depressive psychosis may begin. , Schizophrenia) .

Depending on the characteristics of clinical manifestations, three main forms of K. s.: Typical (uncomplicated), complicated and atypical.

For a typical (uncomplicated) form characteristic of "tides" and. The complicated form includes cases of K. s., Flowing on the background of the diseases of the cardiovascular system, digestive organs (, bile disease, stomach and duodenum), as well as other extragenital diseases (for example, hypothalamic diseases syndrome, sugar, thyroid dysfunction). With complicated form K. s. There is an increase in frequency and increased severity of "tides", complaints of pain and a sense of fraud in the field of heart, sleep disturbance, memory.

With atypical form, along with "tides", sympathetic-adrenal crises may be observed, allergic diseases (including) ,. With menopausal myocardiodestrophs, in contrast to the ischemic heart disease, the change is insignificant or absent, despite the pronounced pain syndrome: a negative sample with nitroglycerin, positive tests with overwind and potassium preparations is noted. Atypical is also attributed to the form in which the symptoms of K. p. Cyclically appear (at certain intervals) against the background of the lack of menstruation (cyclic form K. p.); This form often occurs in women suffering from premenstrual syndrome (premenstrual syndrome) in reproductive age. The hyperprolactine form of K. s., Characterized by sympathetic-adrenal crises, the lack of the therapeutic effect on the use of estrogen and the improvement of the condition when appointing bromocriptine (pairlola).

Classification K. with. In the degrees of gravity, in which all its manifestations would be taken into account. The classification of EM is the most common in clinical practice. Wihlyaeva (1966), based on the definition of gravity K. with. By the number of "tides", taking into account the general condition and working capacity of a woman. With a degree climacteric syndrome (easy), there are less than 10 "tides" per day, the general condition and performance is not violated. The II degree (moderate) is characterized by 10-20 "tides" per day in combination with headaches, dizziness, pain in the heart, heartbeat, decrease in working capacity. With menopausal syndrome III (heavy), the frequency of "tides" more than 20 per day, well-being and healthy are significantly disturbed. This classification is acceptable mainly for typical form K. s.

Polymorphism of clinical manifestations K. s. It is often difficult to put in the shown scheme, and its severity is not always determined by the number of "tides".

Based on the results of studying the state of the vegetative nervous system in patients with C. p., It is possible to characterize the characteristics of the clinical picture depending on the type of vegetative reactions, which matters to the correct selection of therapy. With the activation of the sympathetic-adrenal department of the vegetative nervous system, the arterial, which developed in the menopausal period, the increase in the pulse and breathing in peace, the predominance during the "tide" of complaints from the cardiovascular system (heartbeat, pain in the heart of the heart). With a functional predominance of the parasympathetic department of the autonomic nervous system, arterial, vagin-arsular crises are noted in terms of trimming states, a variety of allergic manifestations, and breathing a breath. "" They are accompanied by a feeling of heart felting, lack of air, the appearance of abundant liquid sweat, nausea, dizziness, harsh weakness.

With a long-term severe course of K. s., Especially in combination with a hypertensive disease that developed at a young age is noted dysfunction of both departments of the autonomic nervous system. At the same time, sympathetic-adrenal crises are observed, seizures of paroxysmal tachycardia are pronounced vegetative shifts in the mental sphere. "Flips" are combined with a sense of sharp discomfort, significant emotional disorders.

Diagnosis Put on the basis of characteristic clinical manifestations. In diagnosis atypical shapes K. s. Help data, indicating the connection of the appearance of symptoms with the onset of the menopausal period, the lack of effect on the traditional therapy of existing disorders and the positive effect against the background of treatment with sex steroids or pair model (with hyperprolactichemic form).

Treatment holds a gynecologist with participation in the necessary cases of the psychoneurologist; It is carried out in outpatient conditions or hospital, depending on the severity of K. p. Taking into account the type of vegetative reactions. Using non-drug, drug-nepogram and hormonal therapy. With the easiest course of K. with. You can limit the non-drug therapy. Patients are recommended Morning, classes in health groups 2-3 times a week, walking before bedtime, with a reduced content of animal fats and carbohydrates, restriction of broths, spices, coffee. Complete common, hydrotherapy (pouring, coniferous and sage, contrasting foot baths), balneotherapy (pearl, oxygen, foam and nitrogen baths, patients with K. with. In combination with uterine, endometriosis, thyrotoxicosis - radon and uodobromic baths), electrotherapy ( the anodic galvanization of the brain, the galvanization of the cervical-facial region, the novocaine in the region of the upper cervical sympathetic ganglia, in combination with the collar zone massage, central electrodalgesia with the front of the electrodes) - 8-10 sessions of one of the procedures named after day; Very effective. Psychological disorders can also use psychological correction.

Treatment K. s. Middle severity includes drug-neglonal therapy aimed at normalizing the Ts.S. function and the vegetative nervous system. When activating the sympathetic adrenal level of the vegetative nervous system, the preparations of sympatholytic action are shown: reserpine 0.05 mg.1-2 times a day, survey 10 mg.1-3 times a day. In the case of the prevalence of the influence of the parasympathetic department of the vegetative nervous system, drugs of cholinolitical action are prescribed: TAVEGIL 1 mg.or suprastine 25 mg.1-3 times a day, belladonna tincture of 5-10 drops 2-3 times a day. Patients with dysfunction of both parts of the vegetative nervous system are recommended to combine thefts of cholinolitic and sympatholytic effects (Belloid or Bellataminals 2-3 tablets per day, stamp of 25 mg.2-3 times a day). Regardless of the type of vegetative disorders, drugs of vitamins in 1 and in 6 are prescribed.

Medicaseous mental disorders depends on clinical manifestations: with light affective (depressive) states, the appointment of small doses of antidepressants and tranquilizers is shown; Under distinct dental doses of neuroleptics (in particular, triftatazine) add low-doses.

In the event of the ineffectiveness of treatment K. with. Middle severity with non-membrane drugs, as well as with severe K. p. held . Combined estrogen-gestagenic preparations (for example, non-Ovice, Beeccurin) are 1/3 - 1/4 tablets 1 time per day for 3 weeks, 3-4 courses with a break of 7 or more days. With pronounced hypoestrogen, 0.5 mg.1-2 times a day or microfollin of 0.025 mg.2 times a day orally or 0.1% solution of estradiol dipropionate 1 ml intramuscularly 1 time in 3-4 days for 2 weeks, then within 7 days (pregrin on 0.01 g.3 times a day under or nigolut 1 tablet per day); Conduct 3-4 courses with an interval of 7 days. In the case of a combination of K. with. With the uterine or mastopathy, gestagens are shown (for example, Nigolut).

When prescribing hormone therapy using estrogen, it should be borne in mind that they are absolutely contraindicated with malignant neoplasms, thrombophlebitis, relatively contraindicated - with changes in the hemostasis system (hypercoagulation), hypertension, diabetes, hepatitis.

Under Ugasania reproductive system Women in the body occur various changes. This period is called Climax. But it comes not immediately, but only after a while. The period is divided into 3 stages, initial of which is premenopause. It is necessary to know the main signs of the preclimberic period in order to facilitate the state.

Climax's offensive depends on the set of factors

Climax comes due to a reduction in the production of sex hormones and termination of ovulation. As a result, the menstrual cycle changes, its abundance is gradually reduced. In the absence of monthly, the reproductive function of the woman is completed.

Climax is divided into 3 stages:

Premenopause. It begins in the presence of menstruation and continues until its complete termination. At the initial stage, the presence of various symptoms that can interfere with a woman are allowed. Most often, the period comes in 45 - 47 years.
Menopause. Complete cessation of menstrual secretions due to the extinction of the reproductive system. Phase appears over 50 years old.
Postmenopause. The period continues until the end of the patient's life. All signs that have been in a woman for 2 phases decrease or disappear completely. But if negative effects managed to harm the body, they will manifest themselves until the end of life.

The preclimacterial period occurs when a decrease in the production of genital hormones.

More this applies to Estrogen, because it responds to many important processes in the female organism. Namely:

stability of the menstruation cycle;
monitoring of metabolism;

During this period, estrogen production falls

formation of a female figure;
attraction to the partner;
maintaining the mucous genital organs in the normal state;
stability of the emotional state;
normal absorption of trace elements (calcium);
the youth of the body;
normalization of memory and concentration.

Premenopause is of particular importance in the life of each woman, because it is an initial period before the onset of Klimaks himself. The stage lasts about 4 years, but each of this period is individual. At the occurrence of premenopause, it is necessary to pay special attention to its body.

What are the first symptoms of changes

The beginning of premopause can be determined by the appearance of the following symptoms:

tides;
change of menstrual cycle;
increased chest sensitivity;
change of hormonal background;
nervousness;
problems with concentration of attention;
lack of sexual entry;
the feeling of discomfort in the vagina region, because due to the decrease in the natural lubrication, the mucous membrane becomes dry;
insomnia;
increased anxiety;
exacerbation of premenstrual syndrome;
pain in the head, reminiscent of migraine.

Many complain about memory problems

How the menstrual cycle changes

When premenopause, menstruation may vary in duration, for example, if a woman earlier, they passed regularly, then in the preclimacterial period there is a possibility of delay. Abundant is also changed. Monthly become scarce, and then can return to their normal state.

Menstruation should not be lingering for a long period. In addition, the allocation cannot be abundant (change of hygiene every 1 to 2 hours) and last longer than 7 days. In this case, it is necessary to refer to the gynecologist, because the symptoms are a sign of various diseases:

myoma;
polyps;
tumor;
violated work of the endocrine system.

It is not necessary to forget that in the preclimptic period of menstruation, although it is disturbed, but ovulation is possible. Therefore, the likelihood of conception is not excluded.

But to endure the child will be not easy due to lowering the level of progesterone, which is the main hormone, which ensured the normal course of pregnancy. Since the hormonal background is unstable, there is a risk of attaching an egg outside the region of the uterus.

There may be problems with blood coagulation

What signs of changes in the work of internal organs

At the first stage of menopause, the work of many organs changes. Symptoms of preclimax are presented in the table.

Organ	Description
Vagina	The preclimax state of the woman is characterized by the sophistication of the mucous membrane and the high probability of dryness. It can manifest itself discomfort and pain during sexual intercourse. To improve sex, use special lubricants that are sold in the pharmacy network. If a woman is concerned about the unpleasant feeling when the bladder is emptying, you need to visit the doctor, because it is a sign of various diseases
Mammary gland	The preclimax state is characterized by changes in the chest and due to this may occur pain. For the health of the mammary glands, it is necessary to follow carefully, because there is a high risk of tumors of malignant and benign character.
Heart and vessels	Preclimax is characterized by the following features: Changing the test indicators; frequent beating of the heart muscle; spasms in the heart; dyspnea.
Stomach	Women may have such symptoms as burning and stomach pain
Thyroid	The work of such an organ as a thyroid gland depends on the level of genital hormones. With their disadvantage, weight may increase

How to facilitate the condition with the help of drugs

It is forbidden to independently select medicines to facilitate the state, as you can aggravate the situation. It is recommended to refer to the gynecologist. At first, the specialist conducts an inspection and asks various questions that concern complaints. Next, the patient is sent to the examination. For this use the following procedures:

blood test and urine;
consultation of other specialization doctors (therapist, mammologist);
ultrasound diagnostics;

To determine the condition of the woman is assigned ultrasound

After receiving the survey results, the doctor discharges the recipe for the necessary drug.

For the treatment of preclimax, a specialist can prescribe a woman hormonal drugs. Indications for use:

tides;
unstable emotional state;
incontinence;
dryness of the mucous membrane of the genital organs;
in order to prevent osteoporosis.

Hormonal therapy has contraindications:

malignant tumor;
high probability of thrombosis;
high blood pressure;
heart disease acute character;
allergic reaction.

In addition, the drugs of hormones must be used with caution in the world, migraine, epilepsy, stones in the bustling bubble. Since these medicines have a large number of contraindications and side effects, they are more often replaced by phytoestrogens.

Reception of phytopreparata stabilizes pressure

Phytopreparations help to normalize the work of many internal organs, namely:

reduce the risk of developing hypertension;
stabilize the nervous system, reduce nervousness and irritability;
allow the body to better assimilate calcium;
normalize the condition of the skin.

The most popular drugs from the group of phytoestrogen is cyclim, Estrovalel, Climadinon. Drugs will be effective only in the event of a strong manifestation of symptoms when signs interfere with a woman to perform natural functions. If the symptoms of premenopause are weak, there is no need to receive medicines, it suffices to change their nutrition and eliminate bad habits.

How to change lifestyle and food

To reduce the symptoms of premenopause, it is recommended to adhere to the rules of healthy nutrition. It is necessary to reduce the use of sugar, fatty varieties of meat products. In addition, it is better to exclude fried, salty, smoked, harmful. The diet should consist of a large number of vegetables and fruits, low-fat products.

When abuse of alcoholic beverages and smoking there is a high probability of developing oncology, thyroid diseases, other violations.

What prevention preclimax

Premanopause prevention has a special advantage. In the body of a woman, the climax is just beginning, so you can influence its dynamics by compliance with the various rules. Preclimacteric syndrome requires preparation for it. Yes, the manifestation to some extent depends on heredity, but the lifestyle of the patient also affects the symptoms. Therefore, preparing to the climax is so important.

At this time it is very important to rest more

Preventive actions:

Fully rest. This item is one of the most important in prevention. With inclipboard or insufficient number of rest, the woman will be suppressed and nervous. All this negatively affects health.
Perform exercise. In the absence of sports in the body, the tone of muscles decreases, and there is a possibility of developing diseases. Therefore, it is better to give time physical activity. The event not only helps to maintain the body in good condition, but also reduce the likelihood of cardiovascular diseases.
Reduce stress. A woman needs to control their emotions, since the operation of the nervous system is disturbed from overvoltage. If it is impossible to exclude stress, it is necessary to relate differently to life situations.
Sex. Sexual intercourse affects the production of hormones. In addition, the process helps to improve blood supply in the abodes of the small pelvis and eliminate the stagnation.
Annually attend a doctor - a gynecologist. It is necessary to pass a complete inspection once a year to eliminate various diseases.

Climax is a natural process for the body that does not need to be afraid. It is divided into 3 phases. The initial stage is premenopause. To facilitate the state, it is necessary to know the symptoms and methods of treatment. If signs are not strong, it is recommended to change the diet and eliminate smoking, alcohol. But when the beginning of Klimaks manifests itself strongly and prevents a woman, you can resort to the reception of drugs.

In this video you will find the symptoms of Klimaks, to which you should pay attention to:

It is forbidden to independently assign medicines without consulting a doctor, as it hurts the body even stronger. The specialist will conduct the necessary examination and will result in its results to write a prescription for the necessary drug.

Climax and menopausal syndrome: What happens in the body of a woman? Prerefficers, tides, symptoms and manifestations, diagnosis of climax (menopause). Cleax associated diseases (uterine mioma, endometrial hyperplasia and others)

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The site provides reference information solely to familiarize yourself. Diagnosis and treatment of diseases must be under the supervision of a specialist. All drugs have contraindications. Consultation of a specialist is obligatory!

Climax - It is the depletion of female sex glands - ovaries, which inevitably experiences every woman. And although the climax is quite a physiological process, not pathology, every woman feels various symptoms, requires observation from their gynecologist and treatment.

All the rich symptoms of Klimaks is the result of the lack of female sex hormones, which in the life of a woman play a huge role. Probably there is not a single body in the female body, in the activities of which the sex hormones would not participate. Therefore, when CLIMSAKS, changes affect the entire body as a whole, including appearance, psycho-emotional state and sexual life.

What happens in the body of a woman?

Ovaries at Klimakse

The ovaries in the climax undergo irreversible changes. As it has already become clear, at all the stages of Klimaks there is a change in their functions. The activity of ovaries is reduced in premenopause and completely stops in postmenopausal.

In addition to functions, the ovaries change their shape, dimensions and structure. At the initial stages, the ovaries slightly decrease in size, they still have a small amount of follicles. After the occurrence of menopause, they seem to be shrivened, their size decreases several times, follicles are not determined in them, and the ovarian fabric is gradually replaced. connective tissue - That is, with a cloth devoid of any function.

Changes in the uterus and endometrials during climax

The uterus also reacts to hormonal imbalance. During the normal menstrual cycle, physiological changes needed to prepare for the fastening of the fetal egg are constantly occurring. Special changes occur in the inner layer of uterus - endometrial, it is updated monthly, rejects during menstruation and compacted after ovulation. And all this under the action of estrogen and progesterone.

Involution in the uterus and in the fallopian tubes during the climax:

In Prhenopause The uterus increases slightly in size, but it becomes less dense.
After menopause The uterus decreases in size several times.
Myometrium , or the muscular layer of the uterus is gradually atrophy, in postmenopausa it is replaced by a connecting cloth - that is, it loses contractual functions.
Even at the beginning of Klimaks endometrium uterus , or its inner layer is gradually thinned, it is also replaced by the junction tissue - the inner cavity of the uterus will overgrow.
Cervix Also shortening, the cerval canal connecting the uterus with the vagina is significantly narrowed or overcomes completely. Also disturbed the operation of the mucous glazed glazed glands, which reduces the number of vaginal muculence, or "lubricant".
The uterine pipes are gradually atrophized, their permeability disappears, they also bore with a connecting tissue over time.
Weave ligaments and muscles Supported with appointments in small pelvis. As a result, the risk of loss of vagina and the uterus increases.

How does climax affect the vagina and the external genitals?

Women's hormones are responsible for elasticity, elasticity and moisture moisture, which is necessary for normal sexual life and fertilization. In the extrusion of ovaries and deficiency of estrogen in the vagina, changes also occur, which bring unpleasant discomfort to women.

Changes in the vagina during clicks:

The gradual loss of elasticity and elasticity of the vagina, the thinning of its walls, as a result - it narrows and is poorly stretched during sexual contact, bringing a woman soreness.
Reducing the allocation of vaginal secret, or "lubricant". The vagina becomes dry, poorly lubricated during sexual excitement.
The acidity of the vaginal mucule varies, which reduces local immunity, leads to a violation of microflora (dysbiosis, thrush) and increases the risk of infection with sexually transmitted diseases.
There is a fragility of vessels that feed the wall of the vagina, which can manifest itself with bloody discharges.

When climax, the appearance of the exterior genital organs changes:

large sex lips become flabbles due to the loss of adipose tissue;
small sexual lips are gradually atrophy;
reduce pubic hair.

Processes in lactic glands

The condition of the mammary glands directly depends on the female genital hormones. They constantly occur, changes associated with the menstrual cycle and lactation. When climax, as in the genital organs, there are also changes in the dairy glands (involution, or reverse development), because the sex hormones have become a little, there is no menstrual cycle, and the breastfeeding is no longer useful.

The physiological involution of the mammary glands during the climax:
1. Fat involution - Replacing the ferrous component of the mammary glands with a fatty tissue that does not carry specific functions.
2. Fibrous involution - replacement of iron fabric with a connective tissue. In this form, the reverse development of the mammary glands can be complicated by the formation of tumors and cysts, which are usually benign, but always have a risk of zero-quality. Such a process is called "Fibrozno-cystic involution."
3. Fibrozno-fat involution - Milk iron consists of fat and connective tissue.

What does dairy iron look like after a climax?

In premenopause, the dairy glands can be condensed, to swell and increase somewhat in size.
After menopause, the dairy glands become soft, blamed, change their size, in excess weight, they increase in size due to excess fat, and thin ladies - on the contrary, decrease, can be atrophy completely.
The nipple is changing, he saves, decreases in size, pale.

Climax leather. What does a woman look like after a climax?

Women's hormones are the beauty of a woman, beautiful skin, hair, taped face and figure, attractiveness. And the saddest thing happens during the climax is the emergence of age-related changes, that is, aging. Of course, the pace of aging every woman is different. Everything is very individual. Some girls are already covered with wrinkles in 30, while other ladies still look very young. But with the onset of Klimaks, everything becomes very noticeable, because changes on the skin can not be avoided.

What changes in appearance may appear in women after klimaks?

1. Wrinkles, leather flabbiness. The products of the formation of their own collagen, elastin and hyaluronic acid deteriorate in the skin, that is, the skin frame becomes loose and flabby. As a result - wrinkles, dry skin, saving contours of the face and body.
2. Tired of the morning swelling. Under the action of lack of hormones and cardiovascular problems, skin microcirculation is disturbed, which worsens the metabolic processes in it. The skin suffers from lack of oxygen and nutrients, harmful connections accumulate in it. Subsequently, the skin fades, pale, has a tired view. Red spots associated with extended vascular (cooper) may appear. Morning swelling on face and limbs are connected with poor blood circulation.
3. Inflammation of the skin. Sex hormones regulate the work of the sebaceous and sweat glands, which provide protection of the skin from negative factors ambient. Therefore, with a shortage of female hormones, the skin becomes sensitive, easily annoyed, various inflammatory dermatological problems appear. Seborrhean dermatitis can appear, as well as the acne and acne, which is accustomed to associate adolescence.
4. Age Many pigment spots are more embarrassed than wrinkles and decrepit skin. They are covered not only the body, but also face.
Causes of age-related pigment spots after menopause:

Violation of pigment exchange, in which sex hormones are likely to participate. In this case, the extra pigment melanin is not "utilized", and accumulates in the skin.
The protective layer of the skin is weakened, so it is more susceptible to the sunshine, which stimulate the production of unnecessary melanin.
Cressing ages often appear with liver problems, which also participates in the exchange of pigments.
Many experts believe that pigment spots are manifestations of atherosclerosis, and since during Klimakse, this pathology often progresses, then the stains are becoming more and more.

The age spots on the skin can be in the form of conventional dark specks, which merge interfer (chloasm), freckles that are more located on their hands, as well as plaques (kerats, xantellasm), dangerous at risk of misstitution.
5. Increased Hair loss - they are thinned, become more dry, rigid, brilliance, deprived of shine and natural color. Who has not yet seen earlier, gray appears. Relieve cilia and eyebrows.
6. It may be celebrated hair growth in unwanted places , for example, antennae, separate hairs on cheeks, back.
7. Changes in Figure associated excess weight, With skin sagging, redistribution of fat by body. In addition, over time, posture is changing after menopause, and even a human growth is reduced, which is associated with age-related changes in the bones.

What is dangerous climax for bones?

Throughout life constantly updates bone tissue, or, as this process is called specialists - remodeling. At the same time, the bone tissue is partially absorbed and a new (oste formation) is formed in its place. Remodeling is scheduled at the genetic level and is regulated by many exchange processes and hormones, including sex, this is a very complex process. Without a sufficient number of estrogen in the period of the climax, costh formation is broken, while the bone gradually collapsing. Also as a result of menopause, the absorption of calcium and phosphorus - minerals, which are responsible for the fortress of bones.

Such changes in the bone system lead to slow destruction of bone tissue, or osteoporosis, to an increase in the brittleness of bones and various degenerative processes in them.

Climax, heart and blood pressure

Estrogen in childbearing age protect a woman from the development of cardiovascular diseases. But as soon as their level falls, the risk of atherosclerosis, arterial hypertension with all the consequences increases several times.

How does the deficit of sex hormones affect the vessels?

When climax, the exchange of fats is violated. Excess fat, namely cholesterol is postponed not only on the sides, but also on the walls of the vessels, that is, atherosclerosis develops. Atherosclerotic plaques gradually increase and narrow the clearance of blood vessels, which leads to a violation of blood circulation, an increase in the risk of heart attack and stroke.
Climax affects the processes of narrowing and expanding vessels. These processes are necessary for the adaptation of the body in physical or emotional load. Normally, the tone of the vessels is regulated by a vegetative nervous system, and with a lack of estrogen, this regulation is disturbed, which leads to spontaneous vascular spasms or, on the contrary, to a decrease in vascular tone. This is manifested by irritation of blood pressure, the development of arterial hypertension, aggravation of atherosclerosis, the development of arrhythmias and ischemic heart disease.
Blood coagulation increases. Estrogens dilute blood, and with their lack, blood becomes thick, prone to the formation of blood clots and atherosclerotic plaques. As a result, exacerbation of the flow of atherosclerosis, circulatory disruption and increased risk of heart attacks, strokes and thromboembolism.

Climax and thyroid gland

The hormones of the thyroid gland and ovaries are always interrelated. As for the diseases of the thyroid gland, the reproductive function of the woman and when the climax can occur in the work of the thyroid gland.

It's all about the hormones of the central nervous system, which regulate the function of these organs, namely the follicularity and luteinizing hormone (FSH and LH) and the thyrotropic hormone (TSH). They are very similar in their chemical structure. With the restructuring of the body at the beginning of Klimaks, the level of FSH and LH increases, they react to the lack of sex hormones and are trying to "spur" the ovaries to their work. And when stress, which occurs during a climax, the thyroid gland may begin to perceive FSH and LH instead of TG, which is more often manifested by increasing its functions and allocating a large number of hormones. Such an imbalance of thyroid hormones leads to metabolic disorders and requires urgent specific treatment.

Climax and nervous system

The nervous system when climax suffers most. In addition to the fact that women's hormones participate in various "nervous processes", climax and aging for a woman are always stress both somatic (physical) and psycho-emotional. This is what aggravates the development of nervous disorders.

What happens in the nervous system with the beginning of the climax?

Sex hormones affect the vegetative nervous system which is responsible for the work of all internal organs, vessels and adaptation of the body to various environmental factors, that is, all internal processes. Under the imbalance of estrogen and progesterone, the operation of the autonomic nervous system is broken, as a result - the rich symptoms of Klimaks: it is risen, and the violation of the tone of the vessels, the work of the heart and other organs.
The influence of female hormones on the central nervous system. In the brain, the processes of excitation and braking of the nervous system are disturbed, this is manifested by increased emotionality, depression, emotional explosions, sleep impairment and other mental disorders. In addition, lack of genital hormones affect such structures of the brain as the pituitary gland and hypothalamus, which are responsible for the production of many hormones, including serotonin, norepinephrine and endorphins - hormones of happiness.
Mental disorders are aggravated by depression , in which the woman herself "rides". She realizes that she agrees, it seems to her that she became ugly, which did not have time, did not have reached. Besides, sexual life suffers which is known is an integral part of inner peace and satisfaction. And survive tides and other unpleasant symptoms of Klimaks are also hard.

Symptoms and manifestations of climax in women

The shortage of genital hormones during menopause affects many systems, organs and processes in the body. All these violations cannot pass without a trace, therefore various symptoms appear with the beginning of Klimaks, which bring discomfort and some women are brought to despair.

Symptoms and manifestations of Klimaks are very individual. We are all unique, every fifth woman does not feel any changes in their health. Menopause is easier to carry people who lead a healthy lifestyle, have interesting hobbies, in demand in the family and are ready to adequately meet their interesting mature age.

Harbinger

Experts believe that Klimaks's harbingers appear already at the age of 30-40 years or even earlier, long before the onset of premenopause, and this is:

problems with conception and dented child or reduced fertility after 30 years;
hormone-dependent gynecological diseases, such as endometriosis, ovarian cysts;
diseases of the mammary glands, mastopathy;
menstrual cycle, abundant or scant menstruation, menstrual cycles without ovulation.

All these states are associated with the imbalance of female sex hormones and require compulsory treatment of the gynecologist-endocrinologist.

The beginning and first signs of Clemaks, a disruption of the menstrual cycle

Beginning Climax is always characterized by the disorders of the menstrual cycle. Against the background of the failure of menstruals, other symptoms associated with disadvantage of estrogen are also gradually developing. All these manifestations are united in climacteric syndromewhich every woman is manifested very individually. Usually, one of the first symptoms of Klimaks are tides and violation of psycho-emotional state.

The menstrual cycle is completely dependent on hormones, which are produced by the ovaries and the central nervous system (Rilizing hormones, LG and FSH). At the very beginning of Klimaks, the female cycle does not stop, but obvious failures are already noticeable, monthly becomes irregular and absolutely unpredictable. Also, most menstruation take place without ovulation, that is, without ripening the egg.

In what form, and with any regularity there will be monthly, traditionally depends on individual characteristics. But you can define some options for disorders of the menstrual cycle in Prhenopause:

1. Cycle lengthening (more than 30 days) scooty menstruation . This is the most common variation of the menstrual cycle in front of menopause. At the same time, the period between menstruation can be several months, and after 2-3 years it occurs menopause, that is, the complete cessation of menstruation.

2. Sharp cessation of menstruation , you can say in one day. Meets not so often. In this case, the development of two options for the climax flow: a woman almost without any discomfort crosses this step in his life or climax proceeds harder, which is due to the fact that the body does not have time to adapt to the sharp change in the hormonal background.

Why appear tides during CLIMSA?

The mechanism for the development of tides is so complex and multicomponent, which is still not fully understood. But many experts believe that the main mechanism for the development of tides is the "suffering of the" central and vegetative nervous system from a lack of genital hormones.

Modern studies have proved that the main starting link in the development of tides is the hypothalamus structure in the brain, the main function of which is to regulate the production of most hormones and control over thermoregulation, that is, over maintaining the normal body temperature under the action of various environmental factors. When climax, in addition to the ovaries, the hypothalamus is rebuilt, because it violates the processes of production of rilizing hormones that stimulate the pituitary gland and then the ovaries. As a result - thermoregulation is disturbed in the form of a side effect.

In addition, Climax affects the work of the vegetative nervous system, sweat glands and the cardiovascular system. Obviously, the complex of all these organism reactions to the lack of sex glands appear in the form of seizures of tides.

What are the symptoms of tides when climax?

1. The harbingers of the tides feel not all women, many attacks find surprise. Before the adaptation of the tide, noise can appear in ears and headaches - this is due to the spasm of the brain vessels.
2. Throws in the heat - many describe the sharp beginning of the tide, the head and the upper part of the body as if they are whipped with boiling water, the skin becomes bright red, hot to the touch. This increases the body temperature above 38 o C, but in a short time it is normalized.
3. Increased sweating occurs, sweat drops are instantly, which are quickly flocked by the streams. Many women describe that hair and things become so wet as "at least squeeze."
4. The overall health is disturbed - the heartbeat is accelerated, headache, weakness appears. Against this background, nausea and dizziness may appear. Strong tide attacks can even lead to short-term fainting.
5. The feeling of heat is replaced by chills - due to the fact that the skin becomes wet from sweat and the thermoregulation is broken, the woman freezes, the muscular trembling begins, which can still be saved for some time. After an attack, muscles can hurt due to muscle tremors.
6. Violation of psycho-emotional state - during the tide there is a sharp attack of fear and panic, a woman can start crying, can feel the shortage of air. After that, the woman feels devastated, oppressed, develops pronounced weakness. At frequent tides, depression may develop.

It is these symptoms that describe women who survived the strong attacks of tides. However, not everyone suffer climax so. Rays can be short-lived, easier, without disrupting common and psycho-emotional well-being. Often the ladies feel just increased sweating and heat. Some women are experiencing night tides in a dream, while only a wet pillow speaks of the past attack. Many specialists believe that the severity of tides directly depends on the psychological state of the woman, but there are a number of factors that often provoke the development of tides.

Study factors provoking tides:

Duchot: poor ventilated premises, a large cluster of people, increased humidity On a hot day.
Heat: Long stay under the sun, clothes are not for the season, heating the premises by fireplaces and other heat sources, a bath or sauna.
Anxiety: stress, emotional experiences, nervous exhaustion, fatigue and lack of sleep.
Food and drinks: Hot, acute, sweet, too spicy food, hot and hot drinks, coffee, sturdy tea and overeating.
Smoking, namely, the dependence on nicotine. Often, the tide appears during a large break between the cigarettes and at a strong desire to smoke.
Embossed clothing , poorly transmitting moisture and air, leads to overheating of the body, and wearing such things can provoke a tide.

In principle, if a woman will avoid exposure to these factors, to control her under force, and if you add good emotions to this everything, the climax will be much easier.

How many tides are tilt when climax?

Tide attacks themselves can last from a few seconds to a few minutes, it is very individual. There are no such attacks per day, and maybe several dozen.

Individually, and how much time they will have to worry at all. Statistics show that almost all women are tested at least 2 years (from 2 to 11 years old). But some "happy" have to experience these heat attacks many years after menopause and even all their lives. The duration and severity of tides are largely dependent on when they started: with early climax and a long period of premenopause, the heat seizures are preserved longer.

What affect tides?

Psycho-emotional state of a woman, self-confidence.
Immunity - Disruption of thermoregulation reduces the body's ability to adequately respond to infections and other external factors.
Fears may appear to leave the house so that people do not see it in such a state.
Prolonged depressed against the background of heavy tides are not only a manifestation of psychological problems, but also increase the risk of developing other pathologies, such as psoriasis, diabetes, arterial hypertension and many "spiritual" diseases.
Some women so hard tolerate tides that even have to resort to emergency medical care.

It is necessary to remember that the tides and the climax itself is a normal response of the body that is not any pathology, especially something shameful and shameful. Moreover, many modern women are not only shy, but they are ready to discuss it. It is important to be prepared to be prepared in advance, change your lifestyle, to get everything from life, especially positive emotions, listen to your body. All this will not simply facilitate the symptoms of Klimaks, but also will allow you to easily and dignity to go to a new life stage.

Climacteric syndrome

As already mentioned, the climacteric syndrome has every woman proceeds in different ways. It is a huge complex of symptoms and manifestations from various organs and systems. Many of these symptoms still experiences the majority of women in one degree or more severity. Violation of the menstrual cycle and tides are mandatory components of the Climax. Other manifestations may be absent or unrecognized, often ladies bind poor health with fatigue or other diseases.

Symptomatics depends on the climax phase. Thus, more vivid symptoms are observed in premenopause, and after menopause, the risk of developing many diseases, which often do not associate with the manifestations of Klimaks.

The symptoms of the premopause period - from the first manifestations of Climaks up to 2 years in the absence of menstruation

Symptoms	How do you manifest?
Riding	sudden feeling of heat; profuse; redness of the skin; increasing body temperature; chills; pronounced weakness and impairment of the heart; psycho-emotional disorders.
Increased sweating	may accompany tides and be a separate manifestation of estrogen deficiency; often occurs at night; many women because of this, the symptom has to be changed several times a day and use the most "powerful" antiperspirants.
Increased body temperature	increased temperature can be associated with tide or manifest itself a separate symptom; during tides, the temperature may exceed 38 o C; a long subfebristitet may be observed or temperatures up to 37 o C.
Discomfort in lactic glands	swelling and swelling; drawing chest pain; changes cease to depend on the menstrual cycle phase.
Insomnia and drowsiness	at night heavily fall asleep; during the day I always want to sleep; often women in Klimakse will shoot bad dreams, which are so bright and realistic that they retain the negative for the whole day.
Headache	may be pronounced or nourishing; often develops without visible reasons, at any time of day, including in the morning and at night; often wears the character of migraine (acute pain in one half of the head); it is hard to stop conventional analgesics.
Weakness, increased Tired	this symptom accompanies almost all women in the menopacteric period; often weakness and fatigue arises in the first half of the day, both after mental or exercise, and without it; the performance is reduced, memory, concentration and attention deteriorate, decommissioned.
Irritability , plasticity, anxiety and comes in the throat	even the most restrained women can break up on loved ones because of the trifles, often this symptom is accompanied by an attack of hysteria; ladies become touchy and impressionable, it seems to them that no one understands them; constant or sudden anxiety, many have bad "premonitions" of the impending misfortune, all this is accompanied by pathological fears; "Pesssimism" prevails over "optimism", and negative emotions over positive; a woman can stop enjoying life as earlier, but it is interesting that in the period of postmenopause love and joy to life not only return, but also become much stronger than in young years.
Depression, chronic stress	this is the result not only the lack of hormones, but also reluctance to realize the fact of the onset of Klimaks; "Butter in the fire poured" nervous exhaustion due to fatigue, poor sleep, lack of sex, tides and other manifestations of Klimaks.
Sensation of heartbeat	Most often, the increase in cardiac rhythm or tachycardia appears. Usually tachycardia occurs spontaneously and passes independently.
Violation of urination	risk of cystite development increases.
Sex, fertility and premenopause	decrease in sexual entry (libido); there is insignificant dryness in the vagina; sexual intercourse can become painful (dispensing); natural pregnancy is still possible.
Other manifestations	the first signs of skin aging: dry, shallow wrinkles, reduced skin tone, etc.; there appears hair lone and nails; can increase cholesterol in blood; some women begin to gain extra weight.

Symptoms of postmenopause period - 1 year after the last menstruation and until the end of life

Symptoms	How do you manifest?
Tides, sweating and psycho-emotional disorders	tides usually become less likely and proceeding easier, in a few years most women have tides completely; irritability, weakness, fatigue, but with each month and year it becomes easier; insomnia and weakness are preserved for several more years, and some women do not fall out for a long time.
Excess weight	many women gain weight, which is associated with a sedentary lifestyle, slowdown in metabolism, as well as the fact that the body is trying to fill the lack of estrogen by developing its adipose tissue; the type of figure is changing, and the redistribution of fat is being redistributed to the abdomen and upper shoulder belt, the skin saves, the posture changes.
Muscular weakness	the lack of hormones leads to the weakening of muscle tissue, the muscles are accused, and their performance is significantly reduced; "Pump up the muscles" with sports is becoming much harder than in a younger age.
Dry vagina	soreness during sexual intercourse; a sense of discomfort during the wearing of narrow linen and clothes; the high risk of the development of thrush and other inflammatory processes of the vagina.
Allocation from the vagina, itching and burning	allocations from the vagina are normal after menopause if they are transparent, odorless and color, their number is scarce and most importantly, do not deliver any discomfort and itching; the presence of itching, burning and unusual discharge speaks about the presence of inflammatory and other problems, are not a normal state, the appeal to the gynecologist is required; yellowish sequels without smell, itching and discomfort during sexual proximity speak of the dysbiosis of the vagina - the most frequent state of the genital organs after the occurrence of Klimaks; curd discharge with sour smell speak of the candidiasis of the vagina (thrush); discharge with a specific smell talk about the attachment of various pathogenic infections, including sexually transmitted; brown and bloody discharge from the vagina can be associated with the increased fragility of the vessels of the vaginal mucosa, in which case the blood appears to a greater extent after the sexual intercourse, but also blood from the vagina can be a sign of tumors in the uterus and appendages, including malignant.
Violation of urination	urinary urges are much more studied; a very high risk of developing urethritis and cystitis, as a result - the risk of the development of kidney inflammation (pyelonephritis); some women may have incontinence of urine, especially with exercise, and the saying "you can refrank laughter" becomes not so fun.
Sex and fertility	libido continues to decrease, although some women - on the contrary, there is a special interest in sex, such that was not in the youth; pains are intensified during sex due to dryness of the vagina and bad elasticity of its walls; natural pregnancy is no longer possible.
Leather, hair and nails	there is a noticeable aging of the skin, it becomes a dry, flabby, saves, deep age wrinkles appear, and not only on the face; natural blush disappears, the skin of the face dawns, looks tired, problems with eels, acne appear; often appear enemy ages; hair sees, become thin, dull, sad, and also there is an increased loss, with the time of the Spit becomes much thinner; relieve nails for beautiful manicure It is getting harder, they are brittle, often lose their color.
High risk of developing various diseases	osteoporosis is the deformation of bone tissue; cardiovascular pathologies (arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis, arrhythmia, angina and other); diseases of uterus and appendages (mioma, ovarian cysts, polyps, oncological diseases), loss of vagina and uterus; milk glands pathology (mastopathy, cancer); diabetes mellitus, thyroid pathology and adrenal glands; diseases of the nervous system (vegetative-vascular dystonia, strokes, mental disorders and diseases); diseases of the digestive system (biliary disease, constipation, hemorrhoids); infectilation of the urogenital system and others.

Diseases with climax

One of the manifestations of Klimaks after the onset of menopause is the risk of developing various diseases. This does not mean that all women in the period of Klimaks must begin to hurt with all diseases. It all depends on much from the level of hormones, as from the lifestyle, genetic predisposition, and many environmental factors. In addition, many of these diseases can develop without Klimaks in a younger age. And men, not as dependent on estrogen, also suffer from these ailments. But many scientific research has proven that it is the deficit of sex hormones that is a launch mechanism for the development of many of the "age" pathologies. Consider some of them.

Cleax associated diseases:

Disease	Factors and reasons that increase the risk of disease	Basic symptoms	What is dangerous?	How to reduce and prevent disease manifestations?
Osteoporosis - Reducing the density of bones, the lack of calcium, phosphorus and other minerals in them leads to gradual destruction of bone tissue.	heredity; smoking; alcohol; sedentary lifestyle; excess weight; rare stay under sunshine; unbalanced nutrition; diseases of the digestive and endocrine system.	pain in the bones, especially "on the weather"; disruption of movements in some joints; weakness, Reduction physical strength, nervousness; the deformation of the spine is manifested by disruption of movements and posture, pain and reduction of growth; deformation of the fingers and legs and other bones; litness of nails, teeth disease and hair loss.	Pathological fractures of bones that may occur even at the slightest injuries and just unsuccessful movements. Fractures are seriously stranged and can permanently shorten a woman to bed. Violation of cerebral circulation as a result of osteochondrosis of the cervical and / or thoracic spine.	Proper lifestyle; food rich in calcium and phosphorus; moderate sunbathing; moderate physical exertion, the correct mode of operation and recreation; overweight; avoid falls, injuries, awkward movements; hormonal replacement therapy by sex hormones reduces the manifestation of osteoporosis; reception of calcium preparations: calcium D3, Ergocalciferol and many others.
Mioma uterus is a benign tumor of uterus, associated with violation of the balance of sex hormones. Momom can be of different sizes, single or multiple. It often occurs on the background of Klimaks, and after the onset of menopause, small myomatous nodes are able to solve themselves.	Abortions and operations in the uterus; lack of labor; endometriosis; irregular sexual life; chronic stress; early menarche (first menstruation); excess weight; animal food abuse; alcohol abuse; heredity; late pregnancy can aggravate the growth of Moma.	Long, frequent and abundant menstruation; blood discharge not related to the monthly cycle; an increase in abdomen in volume; frequent urges for urination; constipation; soreness during sexual intercourse.	Uterine bleeding, including massive. Pelvioperitonitis associated with the flip of the legs of the Miomatics node requires operational intervention. Cancer - Largeness of the tumor.	Replacement hormone therapy; healthy image life; regular sex; prevention of venereal diseases; overweight; regular observation at the gynecologist.
Cysts ovarian - Benign extensive education. Climax often occurs dermoid, endometrioid and other types of non-functional cysts, as well as polycystic ovarian polycystosis.	Endocrine diseases of the thyroid gland, adrenal glands, brain; abortion and operations; inflammatory diseases of the organs of a small pelvis; sexually transmitted infections; genetic predisposition; reception of contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy by sex hormones.	Abdominal pain, lower abdomen or lower back, amplifying during exercise and sexual intercourse; impairment of urination and constipation; asymmetric increase in abdomen; separating bleeding; painful menstruation in premenopause.	Cancer - non-functional cysts have a big risk of illustrative. The breakdown of the cyst, the ovarian break and twist the legs of the cysts - states requiring urgent surgical treatment.	Annual examination of the gynecologist and timely treatment of gynecological problems; if necessary, surgical treatment; prevention of venereal infections; healthy lifestyle and no carcinogens.
Uterine bleeding - Blood discharge from vagina of various nature, related either non-monthly related.	In the premenopause of bleeding are often associated with hormonal perestroins of the climax and a disruption of the menstrual cycle; endometriosis; myoma uterus; polyposis; pathology of cervix; polycystosis and other ovarian cysts; spontaneous abortions.	Oremptic bleeding options in the period of premanopause: long and abundant menstruation (more than 6 gaskets per day and more than 7 days); periodic oscillations of discharge bleeders, not related to monthly; the presence of large blood clots, lumps during menstruation or between them; frequent monthly (more often than every 3 weeks); blood seals appearing after sexual intercourse; prolonged bleeding of various intensity (more than 1-3 months). After the occurrence of menopause, any bleeding should be alert.	Cancer. The uterine bleeding can be a sign of severe diseases, including cancer. Anemia - with long and abundant bleeding lead to loss of blood. Hemorrhagic shock - can develop with massive uterine bleeding, requires urgent resuscitation, surgical intervention and transfusion of blood products.	Timely appeal to the doctor to clarify the causes of bleeding and their correction; food rich in protein and iron; control over the number of lost blood.
Mastopathy - benign tumor of the mammary glands.	The involution of the mammary glands associated with hormonal restructuring; early occurrence of monthly and early puberty; various diseases of the uterus and appendages, especially inflammatory; lack of lactation or short period of breastfeeding; lack of pregnancies under the age of 30; abortions and miscarriages; stress; excess weight; reception of contraceptive and other hormonal drugs in large doses; endocrine pathologies. heart attack; heart failure.	Proper lifestyle and nutrition; Regular physical activity; overweight; control of diabetes; regular reception of drugs containing aspirin; arterial pressure control; timely appeal to the doctor and compliance with its recommendations.

Climax-related diseases can be prevented not only by substitution hormone therapy, often recommended during severe climax, but also in the right way Life and regular surveys at their gynecologist.

Climax is one of the reasons for panic attacks in women (the opinion of the psychotherapist) - video

Diseases when climax: obesity, diabetes, uterus omission, thrombosis, Alzheimer's disease - video

Diagnosis of Klimaksa

Climax is not a disease and, it would seem why it is necessary to diagnose, because everything is understandable - tides, disruption of the menstrual cycle, the onset of menopause and addictive organism to live on small doses of sex hormones. But there are situations when you just need to know whether Climax began, and on what stage he.

Why do I need to diagnose klimaks?

differential diagnosis of Klimaks and other diseases;
identification of complications and diseases associated with climax;
examination before appointing substitution hormone therapy and contraceptives.

What is included in the climax survey plan?

1. Analysis of the history of life and complaint (the time of the onset of menarche, the presence of pregnancies, abortion, the regularity of the menstrual cycle and so on).
2. Inspection of the gynecologist, taking of smears, bakposev from the vagina, cytological study of swabs from the cervix. Inspection of the mammary glands.
3. Blood test for sex hormones.
4. Ultrasound uterus and appendages.
5. Ultrasound of the mammary glands or mammography.
6. Ostosomometry - measuring the density of bone tissue.
7. Electrocardiography (ECG)
8. Biochemical blood test: glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, lipoproteins, blood coagulation factors, calcium, phosphorus, etc.
9. Analysis on HIV and syphilis.

Sex hormones (estrogens, progesterone, FSH and LH) in blood test when climax:

The period of life of a woman	Gomon level indicators in blood, norm *
The period of life of a woman	Estradiol, pg / ml	Progesteronenmol / l	FSH. (Folliculizing hormone), honey / ml	LG (luteinizing hormone), honey / ml	Index LG / FSH
Reproductive period to menopause: 1. Phase ripening follicles (1-14th day of the menstrual cycle).	less than 160.	up to 2.2.	to 10	less than 15.	1,2-2,2
2. *Ovulation (14-16th day).*	more than 120.	to 10	6 – 17	22 – 57
3. *Lutein phase (16-28th day).*	30 – 240	more than 10.	up to 9.	less than 16.
Premenopausa	Women's sex hormones gradually decrease **, menstrual cycles are observed without ovulation.		more than 10.	more than 16.	about 1.
Postmenopausa	5 – 30	less than 0.6	20 - 100 and above	16 - 53 and above	less than 1.

* All norms are approximate. For each laboratory, there are their reference (normal) values \u200b\u200bthat are usually indicated in the score with the answer. This is due to various techniques and test systems that are used in the process of laboratory research. Therefore, it is necessary to consider those reference values \u200b\u200bthat the laboratory gives.

** Interestingly, at the beginning of the premenopause, the deficit of progesterone is especially expressed, and not estrogen. And by the time menopause, progesterone is formed in very low doses, and estrogen - just half less than in childbearing age.

Hormonal background Each woman is very susceptible to environmental factors, emotional state and various diseases, therefore, at the same woman, the hormone levels change.

When to take blood test to sex hormones?

Analysis on sex hormones during premanopause, that is, with preserved menstruation, it is necessary to take in certain periods of the menstrual cycle, accurately indicating the day from its start. Usually FSH and LGs are recommended to take on the 3-5th day from the beginning of the monthly, and estradiol and progesterone on the 21st day. After the occurrence of menopause, the analysis can be passed on any day.

Preparation for the surcharge of blood analysis on sex hormones:

an analysis is surrendered strictly in the morning on an empty stomach, in the evening light dinner;
before analysis, it is worth abandoning the admission of alcohol, coffee and drugs, not smoking;
when receiving contraceptives, the results are adjusted taking into account their doses;
the day before the blood is given, it is recommended to refuse sex and heavy physical exertion;
before surrendering blood, it is necessary to fully relax, sit calmly at least 10 minutes.

With the help of blood test to sex hormones, the doctor can identify the beginning of the climax or the occurrence of menopause whether pregnancy is possible and to wear it. Also, depending on the level of hormones and the severity of symptoms, you can determine the severity of the climax. Heavy Klimaks speak high FSH rates, as well as the LG / FSH coefficient: what it is lower, the woman's body is harder to transfers the lack of sex hormones and the more brightly express symptoms and diseases associated with the climax.

UZI-Survey at CLIMSAKS

With the arrival of menopause often come and female health problems. This is, first of all, various tumor formations, both benign and malignant. It is for their identification and observation that an ultrasound diagnosis of small pelvis organs is necessary, and annually. In addition, the ultrasound helps to diagnose the starting climax and determines the possibility of late pregnancy.

Uzi-signs of the Coming Climax:

With the help of ultrasound you can reveal the presence or absence of follicles In the ovary and their number. The closer to menopause - the less follicles, and the less chances to get pregnant. After menopause in the ovaries, follicles are not defined.
Ovaries gradually decrease in size They lose their echoism. After menopause, they can not be completely defined.
The uterus decreases in size , it becomes more dense, moma of small sizes may be observed, which after menopause most often are resolved independently. Also changing the location of the uterus in a small basin, it is somewhat shifted.
Life after Klimaks - what is she? Sex and sexual relationship. Is it possible to get pregnant at klimaks? Recommendations for proper nutrition for women before and after menopause. Does climax have men?

The nature of merciful to the woman and warns in advance of many events. Anticipants of the offensive appear a few years before the start of large-scale changes in the body. This makes it possible to morally and physically prepared for the difficult time, which, according to the laws of nature, is experiencing every woman. The preclimacteric period begins approximately after 45 years. It is impossible to say more precisely because it depends on the individual characteristics of the body.

Need to know! During the preclusion period, the ability to conceive is maintained, so it is necessary to continue to use contraceptive methods.

Features and signs of the preclimacteric period

The main change is to reduce the production of estrogen, female sex hormone. In his youth, he regulates many important processes:

gives the stability of the menstrual cycle;
responsible for metabolism, emotional stability;
participates in the development of collagen responsible for the condition of the skin;
affects the work of the brain, especially the departments responsible for attention, memory, analytical abilities;
helps to absorb calcium.

These valuable abilities are reduced, in proportion to the number of female sex hormone. Within 4 years before the immediate start of Klimaks, changes are beginning in well-being, mood, the work of the body systems. They are still poorly, but you need to carefully follow yourself, so as not to miss the symptoms of the preclusion period. They differ in intensity, can appear gradually or in the complex.

The beginning of the organism restructuring can be determined by a number of symptoms:

The most weighty argument will violate the menstrual cycle. This concerns not only the deadlines, but also the amount of selection. Moreover, their absence within 2 - 3 months is not a guarantee of their complete termination.
Frequent malfunctions in the work of the cardiovascular system. They are characterized by pressure surges, heartbeat, sudden spasms, shortness of breath. Symptoms are manifested even with low loads. It is necessary to take action at the first signs and then carefully monitor positive dynamics.
The symptoms of the preclimberry period in women include both improved breast sensitivity, exacerbation of mastopathy. The formation of tumors, the starting mechanism for which the hormonal imbalance is served.
There is an instability of an emotional background, a decrease in the concentration of attention, memory worsens.
Sexual attraction fades. To a large extent, it is associated with discomfort in the intimate zone. The amount of lubrication is reduced, the walls of the vagina become dry, microcracks can be observed. In such conditions, psychological barriers arise, fear of sexual intercourse.
Preclimacteric syndrome is also characterized by sleep disorders. They can be short-term, but sometimes go to chronic form. It occurs a kind of circle when the intense waiting for falling asleep disrupts the sleepy reflex.
Anxiety and imperidity have a wave-like manifestation, sometimes turning into neurosis and depression. They are especially dangerous during the preclusion period.
PMS also comes out of control, exacerbations are observed.
Periodic headaches and attacks of migraine are becoming a serious problem.
The state of the skin, hair, nails deteriorates

The list of problems is really serious, but do not forget about the effect of prevention, which is capable of reducing the manifestations of unpleasant sensations. Timely helping the body lies in the early diagnosis of disorders and the use of vitamin complexes and drugs for the purpose of the doctor.

Features of the flow of premanopause

The beginning of changes in the body is almost unnoticed, but it is important to notice them in time. The reserve of time donated by nature should be used with maximum benefit. The offensive is individually, but a number of external factors affect its deadlines, among which heredity plays a leading role. It depends on it the speed of growing and starting regular menstruation.

Near the time of extrusion of the ovarian function. Harmful habits, neurological and endocrine disorders. With childless women, the climacteric syndrome (more) is manifested much earlier. Exposure, work in harmful industries and chronic diseases can also be the cause of the shortened period of premopause.

The reason for the failure of the menstrual cycle lies in the change in the ratio of types of hormones. The follicularity of the hormone becomes more, and estrogen and progesterone gradually decrease.

It affects external and sexual attractiveness. The first signs of aging appear, the libido is reduced. There is a strong reduction in discharge or abundant bleeding for a long time. Significant fluctuations in body weight are possible.

Important to remember! All changes are a normal biological process and do not need urgent drug treatment.

At the beginning hormonal changes First of all, the genitals, vessels and CNS, mucous membranes, skin, kidneys, liver, heart are reacting. Signs appear gradually, before all the reactions of the psycho-emotional sphere, vasomatical disorders, the coordination suffers. Behind the skin and urogenital changes appear, then the bone and cardiovascular system occurs.

If violations in the work of the body's systems are becoming pronounced and threatened with health, they will have to start receiving supporting drugs. The first step should be the appeal to the doctor. He appoints a complete examination, since it is necessary not only to figure out individual features, but also to exclude some reasons. For example, abundant bleeding can be caused by non-aging reasons, but inflammation. Therefore, in the survey process it is very important to fulfill all the recommendations, so that the clinical picture turned out to be clear. Usually, in addition to a complex of blood tests and urine, the doctor prescribes an appeal to those skilled in the art. There should be an inspection and give conclusion a cardiologist, an endocrinologist, a mammologist, a gynecologist, it is possible to attract other specialists. It takes a blood test to the level of hormones, ultrasound, ECG, cervical cytology.

Well, if the survey is available on scheduled dispensarization. Then all visits will be free and priorities, without long waiting.

After the full picture has developed, the doctor thinks over the most effective supportive therapy. It includes sedatives, phytoestrogens, hormone-processed, drugs for treatment chronic diseases, Vitamin complexes.

Preparations for stabilizing hormonal background

The main cause of violations becomes a hormonal shift, the task is to compensation for missing species and reduce excessive. For this, a number of preparations of plant origin are used. Phytoestrogens are similar to estradiol, which has a positive effect on:

normalization of the work of the heart and vessels, reduce the risk of developing hypertension, atherosclerosis, heart attack and stroke;
stabilization of the central nervous system, restoration of full sleep, reduce susceptibility to external stimuli, aligning the processes of reoperation processes;
the process of calcium assimilation, which affects the structure of bone tissue, preventing the development of osteoporosis.

Most often, the doctor appoints Qi-Klima, Climadinon ,. They have a soft effect, do not contain steroids, do not affect the change in body weight.

If the symptoms of preclosure syndrome are pronounced pronounced, then you have to resort to substitution hormone therapy. It is carried out under the strict observation of the doctor with the implementation of constant control of blood composition.

Attention! Independently to take preparations of the group of the UGT cannot, they can provoke the development of cancer.

A positive attitude and emotional stability are important for successfully overcoming the premopause and the menopausal period. But literally looses the composure of even calm and balanced women. Spontaneous mood swings start, increased anxiety, unmotivated hysterics, passing into apathy, sleep disturbances are often observed. In some cases, neurosis and long-term appearance arise. Do not leave such manifestations without attention.

To support the nervous system and reduce the manifestation of such symptoms, doctors recommend tools based on herbs, for example, new passite, tenoten, Grandaxin, Pans. They have a storage effect, so you need to tune in to the course reception. But they have no side effects in the form of inhibition, drowsiness. Preparations do not affect the ability to driving transport, the reaction rate remains. The use of sedatives is justified at:

high sweating;
excessive fear;
violation of cardiac rhythm;
sharp mood drops;
frequent dizziness.

Climacteric syndrome is a complex of vase gestative, endocrine and psycho-emotional disorders associated with the focus of the female reproductive system. Symptoms of syndrome are closely connected with each other and can manifest themselves with different intensity depending on how ready to change the body turned out to be. In one way or another, 40-80% of women is manifested in one way or the measurement syndrome.

More and brighter, the symptoms of the vegetative nervous system disorder are shown. To them, first of all, are familiar with almost every woman "stuffing". It is worth noting that it is possible to encounter them not only in 45-50 years, when natural menopause comes, but also with an early or artificial climax. Therefore, every woman, regardless of age, you need to know how the climacteric syndrome is manifested to be ready for him. What kind of vegetative symptoms can be expected, and how to cope with them?

Climacteric syndrome can manifest itself in any of the Phases of Klimaks, which are distinguished by three:

Premanopausal - begins at 45 years and can last from 2 to 5 years. It is characterized by changing the duration of the menstrual cycle and a decrease in the amount of blood secured. During this period, symptoms of the syndrome are found in 35% of women.
Menopausal - in this phase, the period is completely stopped. The most dangerous stage - with vegetative signs of Klimaks, up to 70% of women.
Postmenopausal. During this period, the level of estrogen falls to a minimum, the body is finally rebuilt. The woman's body gets used to new conditions and begins to function normally; Cases of vegetative disorders in this phase are relatively rare.

The pathological state, thus, is usually lasts for several years, but sometimes menopacteric syndrome can be delayed until 10-15 years.

Located with menopacteric syndrome with age-related changes in the highest departments of the central nervous system. At the same time, the vegetative nervous system is inevitably affected, which leads to the manifestation of various symptoms of the violation of its work.

First of all, the functioning of the hypothalamus, pituitary glands and ovaries changes. The hormones secreted by these glands form a unified system that regulates the reproductive cycle. When they cease to be correctly secreted in one of the organs, the work of the entire system is disturbed. When climax, the next chain of disorders is obtained:

Age-related changes occur in the hypothalamus, as a result of which the iron ceases to respond to the stimulation of estrogens secreted by the ovaries. The need for them increases, but the development remains at the same level.
Without receiving enough estrogen, the hypothalamus begins to synthesize more gonadotropic hormones - proteins acting on the secretion of follicularity and luteinizing hormones by hypophysome.

The ovaries are physically not able to allocate more estrogen, but, riddled by the hypothalamus, begin to work more active - sex hormones no longer become, but together with them "misunderstanding" compounds that are intermediate products of estrogen synthesis begin to stand out.
The ovarian function fuses, but the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland do not stop their work. Because of this, the neighboring departments of the endocrine and nervous system suffer, which leads to vegetative disorders.

It can be said that at a certain moment of life, the woman's body simply stops understanding how he needs to work. Advanced bark comes to the rescue, which plays the role of prudence in the endocrine system - sex hormones are also produced in it, although in smaller quantities than in the ovaries. Part of women secret this emergency gland is enough to mitigate the leakage of the climax and avoid discomfort when restructuring the body.

A number of factors contribute to the manifestation of pathological symptoms:

frequent physical or mental overwork during life;
regular stress;
diseases of the endocrine system or CNS;
gynecological diseases;

complications during pregnancy, childbirth or during feeding period;
inflammation or surgical interventions in the field of small pelvis;
overweight;
work in harmful conditions;
bad habits.

Thus, it is possible to avoid vase gestative manifestations of menopausal syndrome, only by following its physical and mental health throughout the youth.

Vegetative climacteric syndrome disorders

The first signs of vegetative disorder can appear after 1-3 months after the start of the premenopausal stage of Klimaks, with the first disorders of the menstrual cycle. In most cases, the climacteric syndrome is not constantly manifested, but wave-like, having a seasonal character with spring or autumn exacerbations.

Riding and how to cope with them

The most typical vegetative symptom of Klimaks - heat tilles to the upper half of the body, mainly to the head and face. It is found in 90-98% of cases. Provoke such an attack may stress, a sharp change of weather and other stimuli. The cause of tides is the violation of the thermostat function of the nervous system.

The tide of the heat has the following signs:

an increase in temperature on the surface of the skin by 5 ° C;
expansion of blood vessels;
attacks of paroxysmal tachycardia and other heart rate disorders;
increased sweating;
hypoxia;
skin hyperemia;
nausea and dizziness;
weakness.

All symptoms immediately appear rarely. Disturbance of heartbeat and evenness of breathing are found with a more serious hyperventive syndrome. Due to the lack of air, a strong headache can begin, similar to a migraine. To such a severe state, there is a lack of magnesium and calcium, without which the amount of estrogen in the body drops to a critical level. Functional, and not an organic character of the respiratory system disorder is proved by the state of panic - a woman is fear of suffering.

To reduce the frequency of tides or at least facilitate them, you need to try to avoid stress, less often in stuffy and hot rooms, moisturize the air in the house, take complexes of vitamins and trace elements, get rid of bad habits (first of all, smoking and excessive coffee use). A fruit-vegetable diet will also help - this is due to the fact that phytoestrogens are contained in plant food.

Other symptoms

In addition to the tides, the following symptoms of menopausal syndrome are characteristic of many women:

redness of the neck area and decolte area;
blood pressure jumps;
hypertensive crises;
numbness of the limbs, cramps in the legs, paresthesia;
nervous breakdowns.

Problems with arterial pressure are concerned about 2/3 women in the menopausal period. A sharp increase in blood pressure may occur both in physical activity and in calm condition; Sometimes hypertension can be provoked by an emotional splash.

The pressure lability is due to the functional changes in the work of the vascular system caused by changes in the hormonal stimulation of the body, as well as partial organic rearrangement of blood vessels. Under the action of changes in a hormonal background, a vegetative nervous system begins to incorrectly adjust the arteries tone, which leads to spasms, increase resistance to blood flow and, as a result, increase in pressure. In addition, the hypertension leads a delay in water and sodium in the body, which leads to the following symptoms:

an increase in blood volume;
tissue swelling;
nausea;
heartbeat;
flies before eyes;
headaches.

Any sign of the cardiovascular disorder should attract special attention, as it may indicate not only a violation of the vegetative regulation of organs, but also independent diseases - angina or myocardial infarction. Vegetative-vascular disorders are manifested in 13% of patients.

In addition to the cardiovascular system, the gastrointestinal tract may suffer. This is manifested in:

diarins;
meteorism;
screws.

This is due to violation of the regulation of the digestive system.

On the basis of the severity of the flow, three degrees of menopacteric syndrome are distinguished:

I degree, light shape of the syndrome - with rare and non-heavy tides, occurs at half of women;
II degree - characterized by 10-20 tides per day and additional symptoms, occurs in 35% of women;
III degree, the most severe course and the brightest manifestations of pathological disorders. Diagnosed in 18% of women.

In addition, menopausal syndrome can be divided into typical, nonypical and combined species based on existing symptoms. However, such a classification is not clearly distinguished by cases of pathological disorders.

Pain with Climax

Vegetative climax disorders are the reason for the supersensitivity of the nervous system to normal stimuli, the reason for which is a hormonal failure. Pain receptors can also be affected, which leads to pain in a variety of organism departments.

First of all, they can hurt internal organs - Like the heart already discussed above. Pain in this case is a symptom of accompanying tachycardia and other cardiovascular disorders. If other organs hurt, it is also necessary to differentiate the excitability of the nervous system from independent diseases:

digestive system - ulcers, gastritis, spasms, hernia;
pancreas - pancreatitis;
the liver, kidneys - colic;
reproductive system - tumor neoplasms, inflammation;
light - inflammation.

One of the consequences of the violation of the hormonal background is osteoporosis. It manifests itself in the form of night pain in the limbs, skin paresthesides.

As tides, headache in different areas - temporal, dark, frontal can be caused by external irritants. At the appearance of the symptom influence:

blood pressure drops;
spasms of vessels in the brain;
irritation of nervous endings due to hypersensitivity;
diseases of the cervical spine.

Since the headache may indicate serious neurological diseases, with a thorough diagnosis of such a symptom when the symptom occurs. Typically, the pain under the climax is a consequence of depression, blood pressure and intracranial pressure jumps.

One of the symptoms of menopausal syndrome is cyclic chest pain (milk glazers). In fertile age, they are considered a normal phenomenon; During menopause, they testify to failures in the process of restructuring a hormonal background. Cyclic pain may have different intensity, appearing at night or in the morning, accompanied by heat tides.

Non-cyclic pain (arising after unequal intervals) has other characteristics:

not always bilateral - only one breast can be sick;
occurs with sharp movements or touching the chest;
may be constant.

Pain in the chest of hormonal nature should be differentiated with injuries, infectious diseases and tumor neoplasms.

Thus, the vase gential signs of menopausal syndrome are distinguished by a large variety - this is due to the fact that the vegetative nervous system, affected by the restructuring of the hormonal background with a climax, is regulated by all organism systems. As a rule, physiological disorders are accompanied by psycho-emotional, which helps to properly diagnose menopacteric syndrome.

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Last

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