Sequence of first aid when snake bite. Snake bite. Symptoms, consequences, prefigure help. Snakes in Russia
- In the world annually from bite poisonous snakes More than 2 million people suffer from which about 120 thousand dies.
- The aggressiveness of snake grows during their molting and marriage period.
- Most often, the snake attacks man only in the case of self-defense.
- Snake speed during an attack can reach 3.5 meters per second. During the throw, the snake overcomes the distance to 1/3 from its length.
- In 70% of cases, snake bites fall into the lower limbs of a person.
- The most difficult bites of poisonous snakes proceed with women, children and persons in alcoholic intoxication.
Types of poisonous snakes
In Russia, 14 species of poisonous snakes are found, the person most often suffers from the bite of reptiles of three families: 1) family of recoverable, 2) Family of the Gadyukov, 3) family of aspids.The family is more like
:
Median ordinary
Snake data bites do not pose a danger to health and life. However, the bite is accompanied by painful sensations and the injection of wounds can develop.
Family Gadyukov
Gaduki head in shape resembles a spear tip. The covering head of the shields are small and practically no different from those on the torso. The eyes of small sizes over which there is a small roller. The head of the body is separated by a sharp cervical interception. The body is short, thick. The tail is stupid short. Snake is quite peaceful, it bits only if it is being pursued, they are enough with hands or it is coming. At the sight of a man, the viper is always in a hurry to hurry, hide or calmly lies.
Mortality after the bite of violence ordinary is about 1%. This is due to the fact that Viper injects a small amount of poison sacrificed. She saves it, as the production of poison is a very energy-intensive process and takes a lot of strength at the snake.
Mechanism of injecting poison
Vajuk has hollow large fangs with a deep chute. The snake injected the poison due to the reflex reduction of the temporal muscles that surround the dummy glands.
When the yad bite can get under the skin, in the muscular tissue or in the clearance of the vessel of the victim. The bite is heavier in the clearance of the vessel, due to the fact that the poison faster spreads through the body causing various violations. There may be cases when the bite occurs with one fang, as a result of which the smaller dose of poison and poisoning is injected easier.
Poison components and their impact on the body
The main components of the poison are enzymes that are splitting different kinds tissues (hyaloroneidase, phospholipase, protease), as well as toxic amino acids, proteins and carbohydrates.
- Haluronidase - splitting connect fabric, destroys the walls of small capillaries, increases the permeability of the tissues for water and ions.
- Phospholipase - splitting the lipid layer of erythrocytes, leads to their destruction (hemolysis of red blood cells).
The poison of viper - contains hyaluronidase and phospholipase and destroys the walls of blood vessels, erythrocytes, proteins, forms blood circulation inside vessels, leading to blood circulation disorders. In addition, the poison disrupts the heart function and the function of the liver, as well as the water-mineral equilibrium disrupts.
The organism poison is predominantly propagated by lymphatic vessels, less with blood flow and nerve fibers.
Election of poison is carried out through the mucous membrane gastrointestinal tract, glands of external secretion (dairy glands) and kidneys.
How does Vijuk attack?
Symptoms of the bite of a poisonous snake
Most often, the bites of non-union snakes leave only small scratches on the body. The bite of the poisonous snake leaves deep punctures from the teeth through which the poison is injected.
Local symptoms of vichuk bite
- 1 or 2 punctures from snake teeth in the form of small points
- Relatively weak pain in the bite
- Burning
- Redness
- Even in 10-30 minutes, sometimes significant
- Perhaps the presence of fine-point hemorrhages, bloody bubbles
- Possible areas of skin die
- The skin becomes a crimson-blue color
- Nausea
- Drowsiness
- Dizziness
- Heartbeat
- Lowering body temperature
With severe intoxication:
- Concision confusion
- Weakness
- Pallor of skin
- Dizziness
- Nausea
- Sweating
- Cooling limbs
- As the symptoms increase, there is a heat, shortness of breath, it is possible to loss of consciousness, the development of renal failure.
3. Family of aspids
- Central Asian Cobra
Description: The color of the top of the body from the light-olive to brown, the abdomen is light, yellowish. Pupil is large. Transverse stripes than younger than the snake, the more brighter, with the age of the strip on the trouser disappear. Snake scales smooth. Cobra warns about the attack: expands the neck, publishes a loud hiss, raises the front of the body. Often a cobra performs a false attack without bite. With this attack, Cobra only hits the enemy head with a closed mouth, thereby protecting poisonous teeth from a possible breakdown and keeping poison.
The components of the poison and their impact on the body:
- Main toxins: neurotoxin - acting on nerve cells, as well as toxin acting on the heart muscle - cardiotoxin;
- Damaging enzymes: phospholipase, hyaluronidase, cholinesterase.
Local symptoms:
- Burning pain in the field of bite (subsided for several hours)
- Edema (not so expressed compared to swelling from the bitus bite)
- Skin color in the bite area is not changed
- From the ranks for some time the blood fluid
- The functions of the affected limb are violated, paralysis develops, which begins to spread up, capturing the muscles of the body, the face, fall of the eyelids, the lower jaw, the movement of the eyeballs is disturbed.
- Inxication develops quickly, almost immediately after bite
- Weakness
- Unclear concern
- Move coordination violation, shaky gait
- Difficulty breathing
- Nausea
- Ikota
- Vomot
- Violation of swallowing
- Salivation
- A speech is disturbed, which becomes unbearable, silent.
- Cardiac activity is weakened
- Perhaps involuntary urination and defecation
- Death can come from respiratory stop in 2-7 hours
What does the severity of bite depends on?
- The mass of the body of the victim, the less weight, the harder the reaction to the bite flows. Snake bites are especially hardly tolerated.
- Health condition (the presence of concomitant diseases);
- Bite's place (more dangerous bites in the area of \u200b\u200bthe neck and head, as well as when the bite falls into the blood vessel);
- The higher the air temperature, the faster the symptoms of intoxication develop;
- Snake size (the larger the snake, the greater the poison);
- The amount of injected poison. Sometimes it happens that the bite can be absolutely harmless and does not contain poison. Such a situation can occur if the snake recently used poison and he still did not have time to work out. Poison Gadyuki accumulates gradually.
How to assess the severity of poisoning?
| Snakes | Power severity poisoning | Pain | Edema | Blood bubbles | Fabric destruction (necrosis) | Surfing the muscles | General signs |
| Vortyuki and jams | Easy | Local and only in the first hours after bite | Insignificant in the bite | not | not | not | In rare cases, small shortness of breath and heartbeat in the first hours after bite |
| Average | Burning | expressed | Seldom. When applying a harness - often; | seldom | not | Dyspnea, heartbeat, rare nausea and temperature increase, circulatory disruption | |
| Heavy | Burning with distribution | Pronounced, applied to the entire finiteness or part of the body | often | often | not | Drowsiness in the first hours, shortness of breath, heartbeat, nausea, vomiting, violation of the liver and kidney function, sharp circulatory disorder. | |
| Aspida I. sea snakes | Easy | The pain is local 1-2 hours after bite. | seldom | not | not | not | Short-term sensation of stiffness and impaired sensitivity of the affected limb. |
| Average | Also | seldom | not | not | Weak, fast passing, tremor of the eyelids and fingers | The general weakness, sense of numbness and stiffness of the affected limb, violation of the function of the lower extremities. | |
| Heavy | Undefined character with distribution throughout the body. | minor | not | not | Pronounced, especially limbs, cramps muscles fingers hands | Lost, drowsiness, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, difficulty breathing, paresis and paralysis limbs, lips, language, violation. | |
First Aid when snake bite
What can you do when snake bite?
- Put the harness. Harness dramatically disrupts blood circulation in the bite and significantly increases the degree of damage to the tissues. The imposition of a harness for 20-30 minutes deteriorates the overall state of the patient.
- Making cuts, in order to flow "poisoned blood", a high probability of damaging the nerve, a vessel or tendon, as well as infection.
- Conduct the place of bite.
- It is impossible to take alcohol, it only accelerates the spread of poison.
- Slip the place of bite of novocaine or adrenaline, worsens local blood supply, aggravates tissue damage.
What to do, step-by-step guide
| Step by step guide: | How? | What for? |
 |
| After the bite, the poison instantly begins to spread through the vessels of the lymphatic and circulatory system. Outputing the punctures made by the teeth of the snake increases the effectiveness of the extraction of poison. The fact that the poison can penetrate the body from the oral cavity and cause poisoning, especially with wound or patients with teeth only the theory, which is not confirmed in practice. Thousands of professional snakes enjoy these techniques, and there have never been registered cases of poisoning. Timely suction of poison saves life and reduces the number of complications after a bite. On time, the initiated intake of poison is capable of extracting up to 50% injected poison. |
 | Any antiseptic is suitable, but it is better not to use alcohol and alcohol solutions, as the alcohol accelerates the penetration of poison to the body:
| Wound disinfection is performed in order to prevent infection and the development of the valve process. The poison of viper has antimicrobial effects, thus, the disinfection of the wound is carried out only if the poison was satisfied. |
 | After the bite, completely limit the movement in the busting limb. Put a tire. If possible, take a horizontal position, keeping full peace and calm. Remove the rings and bracelets if the bite fell in hand. | Any movements in the limb accelerate blood movements and lymphs according to vessels, which speeds up the spread of poison in the body. Rings and bracelets can aggravate swelling. |
 | Wrap over the entire limb in which the bite came. The bandage must comprehend the limb comfortably, while not to deliver anxiety, so that the finger could easily penetrate the bandage. On the upper limb, the dressing pressure should be 40-70 mm.rt. and 55-70 on the lower limb. | Moderately tight bandage, squeezes lymphatic vessels and superficial veins, which slows down the spread of poison in the body and does not break the nutrition of the tissues that is carried out at the expense of deep veins and arteries. However, excessive dressing pressure can cause local tissue damage due to the complete absence of blood circulation in this area. |
 | You can use ice, be sure to turn it into a towel or other tissue. Beware of frostbite, as soon as you feel unpleasant sensations, remove for a while (5-7 min.). | The cold on the bite area slows down the spread of the poison and the development of the inflammatory reaction, reduces swelling and pain. |
| Take antihistamines: Suprastin, Dimedrol, Pipolfen - introduce intramuscularly 1 ml 1% or inside Supratine: 2 tab. 3 r. per day, Loratadine: 1TAB. in a day; Levocetyriazine: 1 tab. in a day; If possible, introduce glucocorticoid preparations:
| Antihistamines Block the action of histamine, one of the basic substances of inflammation and allergic reactions. Hormonal means as prednisone - have a powerful anti-inflammatory, antiallergic and anti-aggregate effect. |
|
| A large amount of fluid adopted accelerates the removal of toxins from the body. Alkaline drink reduces poison toxicity viper. Vitamins accelerate the metabolic processes of neutralizing toxins. |
 |
| Cordiamin - stimulates respiratory and cordially vascular function. Ephedrine- increases the strength and frequency of heart abbreviations, narrows vessels, reduces swelling, increases pressure, expanding bronchi, stimulates the central nervous system. Caffeine- stimulates the respiratory and vasomotor center, increases the strength and frequency of heart abbreviations, increases pressure, expands bronchi, increases the formation and removal of urine. |
 |
For prophylaxis anaphylactic shock Serum is introduced according to certain rules. At the beginning, 0.1 ml of serum is introduced, after 10-15 minutes 0.25 ml, if the reaction did not cause the rest of the other serum. The serum can also be used in the bite of cobra, Karakurt and Scorpio.
| Serum binds components of poison and eliminates the destructive effect of poison on the body. In time, the entered serum will save life! Serum is most effective in the first hours of intoxication. |
Forecast
In the context of modern treatment, the forecast in the bite of poisonous snakes is favorable. Deadly outcomes are rare, more often because of the treatment or severe accompanying diseases of the victim.Prevention
- Do not provoke the snake! Snake is a peace-loving animal and will never attack.
- Do not come to the snake, be careful and look under your feet.
- At the sight of the snake, do not shout, and do not make sharp movements.
- When entering a potentially dangerous zone, wear high boots and tight clothing.
- Before walking on thick and high grass, make sure there is no snake. Use a stick or other screwdriver.
- Choose a suitable place to sleep. It is better that it was an elevation with flames and low vegetation, away from rocks and holes.
- Do not leave the tents open.
- Before you get into a sleeping bag, check whether there are snakes there.
Summer in full swing - season of hot weather and vacation. Many of us do not mind spending the summer time in the campaigns. One of the dangers that can suck you in nature, these are snakes, or rather, poisonous snakes.
Every year more than 2 million people suffer from snake bites. In this regard, it is very important to distinguish with snake bites, as well as provide the first assistance to the victim.
What is dangerous poison?
First, it is worth noting that the poisons of different snakes act on our body in different ways. There are two types of basic poisonous substances that are armed with creeping reptiles. The first variety of serpentine poison is paralytic substances. When the poison enters the body, the respiratory organs are paralyzed. In this case, a person dies very quickly from choking.
There are still snakes whose poison is dangerous for blood cells. Blood cells are destroyed, including those responsible for clotting. Vascular spasms arise, and then the edema of tissues and organs.
Rest in moderate latitudes
Samoa poisonous snake Ukraine is considered to be viper. There are 5 species on our territory. Mostly, viper live in the southern and southeastern regions of the country. And only one species is a violent, represented everywhere.
Immediately reassure our readers and say that the number of deaths due to the bitus bites is negligible. Over the past 40 years, perhaps, on your fingers, you can count the amount of lethal outcomes from the ukuuses of viper. And that, such an unfavorable outcome caused inadequate treatment.
However, it is impossible to relax in any case, and if you still overtook the evil fate, then know how to behave correctly.
What to do?
If not a poisonous snake was biting you, then the first aid procedure is minimized. It is enough just to handle the rink of hydrogen peroxide, iodine or green, that you will have at hand. If there are no machining tools, you can rinse the wound flowing water And attach a plantain. As a rule, the bites of non-poisonous snakes leave small scratches on the body. If a poisonous snake was bitten, then punctures remain at the ends of scratches, where the snake injected poison.
In this case, the first thing to do is not to panic! If you do everything competently, nothing terrible with the victim does not happen.
First you need to carefully inspect the bite. If the snake was stung through clothes, it must be removed, as it may contain a significant portion of the poison. In addition, footprints can be on the skin near the bite. The poison must be carefully removed so that the drops of the hazardous substance are not crushed into the wound. Remember that all these procedures must be made as quickly as possible and at the same time with a cold sober mind.
Immediately after the bite, you can grab the wound and press up slightly so that the poison focus out. Doctors advise to make special cruciform cuts so that blood flows intensively, and with it and the remains of poison. However, it should be done only by a prepared person.
After pressing the poison, you can suck your mouth. For some time you can feel some numbers of the language, which over time passes. However, in no case cannot be done if you have bleeding gums or other bleeding damage in the mouth. Thus, the poison will penetrate into your body, and you will already need ambulance. It is worth noting that the peak suction can be effectively only for 10-15 minutes after the bite. And remember that sucking the poison is only if the nearest medical institution needs to get more than 1 hour.
Minimum movements and more drinking
As you know, the poisons of snakes are mainly distributed through lymphatic pathways. Therefore, the sacrifice of the serpent bite is necessary in the shortest possible time to immobilize. If the snake bit down his leg, then it is necessary to tie it with a bandage to another leg, and in the lying state to transport a person to the nearest medical institution.
If the snake bit the hand, then it must be bent in the elbow and tie up to the hand remain in such a state. The zoologist-Herpetologist of the Kiev Zoo Kirill Sulima also advises to immediately remove rings and other decorations. - When the snake bite, the fingers of the hands swell, and the rings will interfere with blood circulation, "says a specialist.
It is impossible to walk or sit in patients who are bruited snakes, since they often torment them headaches, dizziness, vomiting, nausea and a faint condition.
The victim need to drink a lot of water. Abundant drink will minimize intoxication.
What do not do!
When snake bite, the imposition of harness is not allowed. If you in this way, stop the outflow of venous and arterial blood, the poison will be absorbed through deep bone veins. In addition, such a tightening leads to damage, which contributes to the connection of poison with tissue metabolism products. As a rule, after removing the harness, the condition of the victim is significantly deteriorated.
Snake poisoning poisoning is not as a rare phenomenon. Quite often, snake bites occur in nature - for example, in a campaign or on field works, therefore the foundations of clinical toxicology, the rules of behavior in the bite of snakes and the symptoms should know absolutely everything.
On Earth there are quite a lot of snake species, but a person most often suffers from the bites of reptiles of only three species - viper, more like and aspid.
Table of contents:Types of poisonous snakes and characteristics of their bites
The family is more like
most often there are ordinary and median. The bites of these snakes are not dangerous for human life, and health will not be able to dramatically. But the bite immediately is accompanied by powerful painful sensations, the injection of wounds can develop.
Family Gadyukov
The brightest representative of this species is an ordinary viper. This snake of peace-loving, biting a person only in the case of direct anxiety - for example, if a person is grabbing with his hands, comes to her. In general, having seen a man, the Viotuk, the ordinary tries to eat in the direction, hide or continues to lie calmly, watching the potential enemy.
Mortality after the bite of this type of poisonous snakes is only 1% of the total mass. This low indicator is associated with the fact that the snake injected into the human body a small amount of poison, it saves it - the creation and accumulation of the next portion is too tedious for reptiles.
The violent poison of violence with a bite can get into the muscle tissue, under the skin or in the clearance of the vessel. The last option is the most difficult - the spread of the poison instant, the symptoms are too heavy.
ASPID family
The bright representative of this species is Cobra Central Asian. Often Cobra first warns the enemy about the attack, it can even simulate bite - she gets into a characteristic rack, expands the neck, makes a loud hiss and makes a sharp throw to the lower limbs of a person, hitting them head with a closed mouth.
The main component of the poison of the Central Asian Cobra is neurotoxin - it blocks the sensitivity of the skin, worsens the carrying of a nervous impulse, provokes the development of paralysis and pares.
Symptoms of bites of poisonous snakes
It may occur so that a person does not notice the bite of the snake, so you need to know the basic symptoms of snake poison poisoning to be able to provide medical care.
Symptoms of the bite of violence ordinary:
If a severe intoxication develops, the above symptoms will be accompanied by the following features:
- severe weakness;
- clearly defining the pallor of the skin;
- limbs become cold;
- there is a confusion of consciousness;
- heat and shortness of breath may develop, loss of consciousness and renal failure.
Symptoms of the cobra bite of the Central Asian:
- in the place of bite there is an acute, burning pain, which pohes only a few hours later;
- the color of the skin at the site of the bite is practically not changed;
- there is a swelling in the area of \u200b\u200bthe wound, but not so pronounced, as with the bite of violence ordinary;
- blood transparent liquid may be frozen from the wound;
- the functions of the affected limb are broken, paralysis is developing in the upstream direction;
- the face muscles suffer - the eyelids and lower jaw are involuntarily descended, the movement of the eyeballs is disturbed.
With the bite of cobra Central Asian and the symptoms of general intoxication are developing rapidly:
Note: If a person after the bite of the Central Asian Cobra does not turn out to be medical assistance, then his death occurs within 2-7 hours from the respiratory stop.
What depends on the severity of symptoms after the bite of a poisonous snake:
- Age of a bite man. The most intense symptoms of snake poisoning poisoning are manifested in children and the elderly. Also plays the role and availability of internal diseases, level of immunity and general health.
- Type of snake, its size and age. It is believed that violence is less dangerous than Cobra Central Asian, although in any case the bite of these representatives of reptiles causes serious violations of health. Less dangerous bites of young snakes, small in size.
- Status of the snake teeth. If they are infected, then the penetration of pathogenic microorganisms will be a mandatory moment - it aggravates the development of symptoms.
- Place bite. The lower limbs are most often affected, and then the symptoms will develop slowly. But the bits of snakes and in the neck, and in the face, and the location of large blood vessels - symptoms will develop rapidly.
- Man's behavior after bite. If the bite will actively move and run, the spread of the serpentine poison in the body will be faster - the intensity of symptoms will be powerful.
First assistance in the bite of a poisonous snake
So, everything already happened - a man bit a poisonous snake. What in this case to do how to help the victim and prevent the development of severe complications?
First, it is necessary to put a busting position and try to calm down - anxiety, hysterics and panic will not definitely help. If the snake was fixed on the skin at the bite (such, by the way, it happens often), it must be removed and destroyed, but not to throw out anywhere - the reptile may need to inspect the specialist.
Secondly, you need to immediately cause ambulanceContact rescuers or leisure base, hotel. While you do all these actions, watch the victims carefully - the absence of burning, edema and pain in the place of bite, most likely testify to the non-Tea Snake.
Thirdly, the affected part should be released from clothes and decorations - they can put pressure on the place of bite and provoke the strengthening of the edema.
note: If the symptoms indicate that the person bites the poisonous snake, then it is necessary to provide medical care immediately, without waiting for the arrival of the ambulance brigade!
Urgent Care:
- If the poisonous snake bit under the limb, then it needs to be immobilized - on foot or hand you can put a bandage or Longeta from the girlfriend (board, branch).
- Embossing poison from the wounds is advisable for a maximum of 10 minutes after the incident. If there is a rubber pear with him, then we work, if not, we use the mouth. First you need to pinch the wounds from the bite between your fingers and to smoke them slightly - it will help "reveal" them, then wrap their teeth to the bite and begin to actively suck the poison, helping with the fingers (as if "squeezing"). The poison with saliva is immediately spoiled, the duration of this procedure should not exceed 20 minutes - during this time you can remove 50% of the entire number of poison.
- We process the place of bite with a disinfectant - hydrogen peroxide is suitable, chlorhexidine, green. It is impossible to handle the wound with alcohol.
- On the wound impose a bandage from the bandage or any segment of pure fabric. In no case should it be a tight - this fact is checked by the exposure of the finger under the bandage (it should be freely passing).
- Cold is applied to the place of bite - the optimal option will be ice. If this type of cooling is used, then every 5-7 minutes you need to take a break in the procedure for 5 minutes - this will prevent the frostbite of the tissues.
- The victim gives antihistamine drugs - Tueguil, Dimedrol, Loratadine. If there is an opportunity, such funds are injected intramuscularly.
- The bite must consume a lot of fluid - up to 5 liters of water per day. This will help reduce the manifestations of intoxication of the body. It is necessary to give a patient with vitamins K and C, and if possible, put a dropper with glucose (5% solution in an amount of 400 ml).
- The victim is given glucocorticosteroid drugs (prednisolone or dexamethasone), you can introduce them intramuscularly.
- If a person bit the Central Asian Cobra, then his breathing can break. To facilitate its condition, you need to periodically apply a math moistened with ammonic alcohol to the nose.
- If respiratory and heart failure are developing rapidly, caffeine, ephedrine or Cordiamine is bruited.
- In the case of complete respiratory stop and heartbeat, artificial respiration and indirect heart massage is carried out.
What can not be done with the bite of a poisonous snake
The problem is that people in the bite of a poisonous snake begin to perform actions that can lead to the development of severe complications. It is necessary to clearly remember that in no case cannot be done with the condition under consideration:
- fault the bite;
- apply heat to the place of lesion;
- put the harness on the affected limb - this leads to the rapid and deep spread of poison in the tissue;
- cut the place of bite for outflow of poison;
- take any alcoholic beverages;
- long-time limbs for a long time;
Antidia
Snake poisoning poisoning implies the introduction of specific sera (antidote) - it is advisable to do in the first day after the bite. In the future, if necessary, it will be possible to introduce another dose of serum.
Serum "Antiguriz"
If a person bit the snake of the form of the guy, then he needs to be introduced in the first hours after the defeat considered the type of antidote. This tool will help prevent the development of anaphylactic shock. Moreover, it is necessary to introduce it according to a specific scheme and only to the subband region subcutaneously:
- 0.1 ml of means are injected;
- after 15 minutes, 0, 25 ml is introduced;
- if there are no signs of anaphylactic shock, then the patient is introduced the rest of the remaining serum (it is produced in ampoules of 500 meters).
If the degree of poisoning is light, then the person is administered to a maximum of 1000 meters of serum, with a moderate degree - 2000 IU, with a severe degree - 3000 IU.
Somework "ATICWORD"
Such serum is introduced in the bite of snake from the family of aspid and Central Asian cobra. This antidote is introduced in the amount of 300 ml with simultaneous intravenous infusion of the sample solution and the atropine sulfate solution of 0, 5 mg every half hour.
Note: Treatment in the bite of a poisonous snake is carried out only in the medical institution under the control of medical workers. Appointments are made in a strictly individual order, taking into account the overall well-being of the victim, its age and the intensity of symptoms of poisoning.
There are no specific prophylactic measures to prevent the bites of poisonous snakes. But there is a list of rules of behavior when meeting with similar reptiles:
The bite of a poisonous snake is unpleasant and even dangerous. But if you take measures to prevent the spread of poison in the body, competently hold first medical care, then the consequences will be not terrible to human health and life.
Tsygankova Yana Aleksandrovna, Medical Observer, therapist of the highest qualification category
Snakes are the most peculiar creatures on the planet. They amazing the imagination of a man with their external species, original way of movement. This causes increased human interest to this species. Studying snakes, it is impossible to forget that many of their kinds of poisonous. What to do with snake bite and how to give first aid, read in the article.
Poison snake
In some reptiles of this species, there are parole glands, secreting poison. With the help of ducts, they are connected through the channels with two upper teeth. When the snake bites a person, the poison enters blood and causes severe poisoning, often leading to death. The question arises, when the snake bite what to do? Immediately provide first aid. But it is not necessary to kill snakes, as they are the source of the poison necessary for the manufacture of drugs.
The degree of poisoning of the snake poison primarily depends on its dose, concentration and place of penetration. Therefore, the consequences are different. Of great importance is the age of man and the state of his health. The most dangerous bits in the head and torso area are the most dangerous. If the poison at the bite falls immediately into a blood vessel, a person can die in five to ten minutes. For example, twice as more dangerous in intramuscular hit than subcutaneous. What do you need to do when the snake bite? Urgently, without losing a minute, to provide first aid. How to do this, read in the article.
When can Snake bite?
For example, does not take active actions to attack. This happens when a person comes to her, trying to touch his hands or accidentally falls into her nest. In this case, its attack has an excuse: it protects its territory. To avoid you need to be extremely careful in its habitats.
Snake is deaf, but it perfectly feels the slightest vibration of the Earth, which is a man. She will not get closer, but just crashes. The greatest probability to meet Vijuku in a mushroom hour. So that this does not happen, you need to take any stick and tapping it on the ground in front of yourself.
Symptoms of poisoning poison
- Sex traces are noticeable - two wounds having a triangular shape.
- There is a pain and a feeling of burning.
- Flushing fabrics around bite.
- Edema that quickly applies.
- Hemorrhage.
- Weakness in the whole body.
- The head is spinning.
- The pallor of the skin, nausea and vomiting with blood appears.
- The body temperature rises to forty degrees.
Signs of strong poisoning
In case of heaving hemorrhage, stains are distributed beyond the bite space. The affected area of \u200b\u200bthe body acquires the crimson-shiny color, and the skin is covered with bubbles filled with blood flow, turbid liquid. Often the condition of the victim is complicated by the occurrence of vein thrombosis, lymphadenitis. It may come 8-36 hours after serpentine bite when the poison is introduced into the human body. In this case, there is a strong increase in the amount of affected area. Ranks for a long time bleeding, later formed ulcers and necrosis. What to do with bite to avoid negative consequences? First of all, to properly assist and urgently take the victim to the hospital.
What to do with snake bite
- The first assistance to the victim should be provided by a person who knows how it is done. Incorrect actions can be harvested.
- It is extremely rare, but it happens that the snake, for example, a viper, firmly clinging and wants to let go. It needs to take off the skin by the skin.
- When bite snakes what to do? While the wound began to delay, you can suck poison. Only a person in the mouth should not be any wound, otherwise he will poison himself.
- What to do when snake bite? First aid turns out to prevent the spread of poison throughout the body, so the victim need to ensure peace, and not to move it from place to place.
- To impose a squeezing bandage to the place of bite, but do not harness above or below it.
- What to do when the snake bite, if he fell on his hand or leg? First of all, you need to remove everything that wee on the limb. The poison always causes significant swelling, all the decorations and accessories of hygiene will interfere with blood circulation, which can lead to gangrene.
- When bite snakes what to do? If there is at hand, then drink a tablet from allergies.
- For the fastest removal of poison from the body, the victim need to ensure that at least three liters of water should be used or a little sweetened tea. Drink fluid needed with small sips.
What can not do
- The most dangerous and widespread error in providing first aid to the victim is the use of a harness that is imposed on hand or leg. This will not help the spread of poison, as it is more aggressive and still will penetrate the body. But the branched place will suffer. The fact is that the poison provokes such a process as tissue necrosis. If the snake bit the leg or hand, the harness can lead to gangrene.
- It is unacceptable to cover the wreck, you can apply infection.
- It is impossible to catch a bite. This will not help, as the viper injected his poison deeply. By cauterization only once again injured the place of bite.
- Do not take alcohol, it accelerates the effect of poison.
- Do not wonder the time by chasing the snake.
When bite snakes what to do? The main thing is to keep calm. Panic will not lead anything good. If a person is confused and fear will settle in it, you can miss the time. It should be known that the Bite of Vauki very rarely leads to a fatal outcome, even if the victim did not apply for medical help.
- In nature, there are two thousand six hundred species of various snakes. In most cases, they hunt for a moving subject. The exceptions are those snakes that feed on Padal. For example, the snake is egg-mounted.
- Sleeping species when detecting risk fall on the back with an open mouth, pretending to be dead. At the same time, the stench smell is coming from them. This is a kind of protection against the attack of predators. They do not like Padal with a bad smell.
- On the head of Vijuki, Rachek and Python there is a body that instantly reacts to any temperature changes, thanks to which the snakes are wicking up at night.
- It is considered the fastest snake itself, the speed of its movement is sixteen kilometers per hour. Coloring does not correspond to the first word name. This snake gray, green or brown color. It does not happen black.
- The longest snake on the planet is Python Puffistics - a resident of the Ohio State Zoo. His length is seven meters thirty one centimeter. This is a representative of the Guinness Book of Records.
- You probably have repeatedly heard that in Mexico there is a snake herbivore, the body of which is covered with thick wool. It is saying that she has long become a pet, children love to play with her. Perhaps we will disappoint you, but such a snake does not exist, actually herbivores of shaggy reptiles are a myth.
Poisonous snakes are found everywhere, however, the contact of a person with them happens quite rarely. More often snakes attack people and bite them, although it happens. Fortunately, in our areas there are practically no snakes, whose bite would be definitely mortal, nevertheless, it is impossible to exclude such a meeting, and in addition, not even a strong snake poison may cause a heavy reaction in people with increased sensitivity.
Snake toxin, even in no mortal concentration, can cause heavy local and general reactions, so you need to know how to provide first aid in the bite of snakes - until the delivery of the victim in the hospital.
What to do if the snake bit
Most often, we have to face non-union snakes, so if a person bit the snake, one should try to soberly assess what happened. If after the bite does not occur the rapid deterioration of the overall state, the busting part of the body does not swell, does not change its color, and the pain from the bite quickly passes, then, most likely, the snake was not a poisonous. In this case, it is enough to handle the score of the antiseptic.
If, after the bite, local and general changes began to act quickly, however, it should be acting quickly, but at the same time not to fuss and not allow the extra movements of the victim - the fact is that the serpentine poison, hitting the body, spreads through the blood and lymphatic vessels, and reduce the muscles strengthens Blood and lymphaticism, thereby faster than the spread of the poison in the body.
So, the first assistance in the bite of the snake is as follows:
- As soon as possible, stop contact with the snake. If the snake clung to a person and does not let go, it is necessary to dance it, because the longer a bite will last, the more poison gets into the body. It is advisable to have time to consider the snake to be able to describe it - this will help subsequently choose the optimal treatment;
- After the bite of the victim, it is necessary to immobilize (for the reason described above). If there are rescuers next to the victim, a person needs to be laid, slightly raising the legs in such a way that they are above their heads. If no one turned out at the time of the bite nearby, it should at least immobilize the injured part of the body (most often it is a hand or foot);
- From the victim, you need to remove all the decorations and weaken tight fasteners. This must be done so that the developing edema does not lead to traumatic squeezing of tissues;
- To impose a tight bandage on the affected part of the body above the bite. An indicator that the bandage is superimposed correctly is the possibility of promoting between it and the skin of two fingers. Too tight bandage, which does not allow this to do, will cause circulatory disruption at the bite area, which subsequently with a high degree of probability can lead to gangrene;
- From the wound, it is necessary to intensively suck the poison within 10-15 minutes. To do this, in the place of bite, it is permissible to make one or two small skin cuts to facilitate the removal of toxin. The poison that fell into the oral cavity is ten times less dangerous than the blood flowing, so it is necessary only to make a rescuer, sucking poison, there was no damage to the mucous membrane of the oral cavity. However, the content cannot be swallowed, and you need to spit. If you begin to do it quickly and quite vigorously, you can remove up to 50% of the serpentine poison that has fallen during the bite;
- One of the important measures of first aid in the bite of snake is the flow into the body of the liquid. The victim should be offered water or any other drinks, with the exception of alcoholic. Abundant drink will reduce the concentration of poison;
- If the condition of the victim is rapidly deteriorating, he loses consciousness, breathing and cardiac activity ceases to carry out resuscitation activities (indirect heart massage, artificial respiration of mouth-in-mouth, mouth-in-nose);
- As soon as possible to deliver the victim to the hospital, where it will be able to introduce antitoxic serum. At the same time, it is advisable to transport a person in a position lying on her stretches, if a child suffered from the bite of a snake, it can be carried in his arms.
It should be remembered that the antitoxic serum, which destroys the snake poison that fell into the blood is most effective in the first 30-60 minutes after the bite, so it is important that the victim gets into a medical institution as early as possible, preferably for an hour after the bite.
What is forbidden to do when the bite of poisonous snakes
Sometimes, sincerely wanting to help, rescuers commit actions that, instead of relief, exacerbate the condition of the victim. Therefore, you should know that it is categorically not recommended to do during the provision of first aid when snake bite.
So, when the bite of poisonous snakes is prohibited:
- Give the injured alcoholic (including low alcohol) drinks;
- Such a harness instead of the gulling bandage, as this will lead to tissue necrosis, resulting in the blood flow, in addition to the poison of the snake, also toxic food decomposition products will also come;
- Catch up with any (including solutions of the ignition actions) place of bite;
- Influencing the affected area is thermally imposed on the imposition of both warming compresses and dressings and cooling. Maximum permissible - cooling directly the very bite zone, in order to slow down local blood circulation.
Prevention of snake bites
In our areas, poisonous snakes are rarely found in densely populated places. As a rule, the contact of a person with a snake occurs away from urban noise, in tourist campaigns, country trips, etc. Therefore, going on a journey or for the city, it should be provided with the possibility of such a meeting. If there is information that there are poisonous snakes in the area of \u200b\u200bstay, moving there in clothes, leaving as few open areas of the body (long trousers, long-sleeved jacket, high rubber boots, etc.). If a long journey is assumed, with you to take polyvalent antitoxic serum - it is an antidote for the toxins of most poisonous snakes. In distant campaigns, this serum should always be with you within the half-hour reach.