Good and evil deeds of man. " Moral and educational conversation “Good and evil. Good and evil deeds of a person "Conversation what is good and evil

GOOD and EVIL - what are these concepts, and in general, why do people need them? I want to tell you about this.

it is important to understand: society and man are two sides of the same phenomenon. Man as a phenomenon does not exist without society, just as society as a phenomenon does not exist without man. They are one, interconnected and interdependent at every moment in time. Society as a whole, and each person individually, form, develop or decompose and kill each other. But they form-develop or decompose-kill; how these processes are started or slowed down - here the concepts of Good and Evil, which we are analyzing, play the main role.

why are the concepts of "Good and Evil" specifically human? the fact is that Man is the only being among other living beings who understands what Death is.

Death, in other words, is the limit of the possibility to exist, the Natural frame set for all living beings as a group of parameters of possible existence - TTX ( performance characteristics) defined for each species in the environment.

But having understood and realized the frame given specifically to the Man, he is inevitably interested in the methods of overcoming it, i.e. overcoming death both instinctively (at the animal level), situationally (at the level of adaptation), and systemically (for example, training as a transformation of the body or medicine as a repair, and most importantly: building systems, the basic of which is Society).

it should be noted that for Nature as a whole, such concepts do not exist in principle. Nature acts regardless of what any living creatures think about it. And living beings (with the exception of the Human), also do not think about anything like that - they simply do not have the problem of Life and Death, because there is no awareness - there is only an unconscious instinct. Their changes and survival are not associated with the modification of current organisms (training) or the creation of systems - everything happens using the mechanism of Death: it works like a sieve, through natural selection accidentally survivors, outside the framework or established systems (not recognized by animals), and then if it matters. Those. we can say that Death is a Natural mechanism for the continuation of life, with the help of which, possibly, a Man appeared. But this is a superhuman mechanism, so it does not suit a Human.

When he realized this (by the way, the tree of knowledge?), He immediately rushed to storm the bounding frame directly himself, without waiting for his genes to be reshuffled and selected by the natural mechanism. This is the meaning of the philosophical plot of expulsion from paradise: in this way man lost that animal goodness of unawareness of death. After all, one cannot say that animals are unhappy - they just live, even at the moment when some other predator is already eating them. Man, in contrast to animals, realizes the problem, but at the same time loses the child-animal feeling of enduring happiness.

Okay, okay. Man is aware of Death. Then he needs to fundamentally distinguish between the processes leading to life (and the volitional overcoming of death) from the processes leading to his death. Good and Evil have become such concepts. Thus,

Good- these are the processes, properties and qualities of the Human / Society system and the surrounding world, leading the Human / Society to the continuation of Life (overcoming the natural frame, Death).

Evil- these are the processes, properties and qualities of the environment leading the Man / Society system to destruction, to the impossibility of overcoming the frame.

Realizing these bases, we can understand the essence of any process that is happening around us.

1. sports. the most obvious attempt to rush to the frame of the limits of the body's capabilities. in the course of countless attempts, training mechanisms and means are developed that allow to radically increase the initial capabilities. Monkeys don’t pull dumbbells to become alphas, and wolves don’t run crosses to expand their range, and so on. And a person does all this and gropes for a frame. And having groped, he is looking for a way to overcome it. Again and again, with and without chemistry, with genetic tricks and mechanical props, this is a purely Human quality and aspiration. This is good in pure form... Sport is good.

2. manned spacewalk. Why send a "body in a tin can" outside the gravity well, if there is emptiness? Not a single squirrel or elephant, not even an intelligent dolphin will ever think about it. What for? But it turns out that if a person in 5 billion years does not find a way to refuel the core of the Sun with hydrogen, then all the descendants of elephants, dolphins and little men will simply die in the expansion phase of the red giant. And nobody cares about it. Only a Human can overcome this frame, no matter how terrible this task may seem today. Going into space is good.

3. society as a system. society is of a kind " operating system", which allows you to put any" programs "on it to solve specific problems within the framework of the general strategy of Human survival. Everything that destroys society is evil. Everything that develops society is good. By the way, this is why Facebook and VK are basically good, but using them to corrupt society is evil.

the same with energy, etc.

And most importantly, in this way we can finally understand what the New Man is. Its outlines are already somehow looming in technology and culture: this is a person who has received the ability and the ability to radically modify himself and the world, to strive for this or that kind of immortality, for the coverage of spaces and the control of energies.

Class hour for 3-4 class with a presentation. good and evil

Scenario classroom hour for students in grades 3 - 4 "Good and Evil"

Surtaeva Tatiana Alexandrovna, teacher primary grades MOU "Tondoshenskaya secondary school" "Verkh-Biyskaya secondary school", Altai Republic Turochaksky district with. Verkh-Biysk
This class hour will be useful for primary school teachers, it is intended for children in grades 3-4.
Classroom theme:"Good and evil"
Target: Formation in students of ideas about good and evil, kindness, good and bad deeds.
Tasks:
1. To reveal the concepts: kindness, good and evil.
2. Form moral categories and value judgments.
3. Foster feelings of camaraderie, mutual support and compassion, foster a culture of communication.
4. To teach to recognize the heroes and characters of works of art who have such personality traits as kindness, generosity, responsiveness, to teach to do good deeds.
Equipment: presentation (change of slides and images on click), dictionary of the Russian language by S.I. Ozhegov.
Course of the lesson:
1. Organizational moment.
- Good afternoon and good hour!
How glad I am to see you!
Turn to each other,
Smile very sweetly.
After all, a smile, no doubt,
Cheers up!
We don't have to write
And we will not count
We are in class today
We will argue with you.
2. Introductory conversation.
- Guys, look at the screen. (2 slide)

-What unites pictures? (children's assumptions)
- Can you guess what the topic of our lesson is? (children's answers)
- I'll give you one more hint. (3 slide)

- Look at the screen. Familiar heroes? Which common topic combines pictures from fairy tales? (children's answers)
- Guys, the topic of the class hour is "Good and Evil" (slide 4)

3. Conversation on the topic of the lesson.
- Guys, what fairy tales can you remember, where the theme of good and evil occurs? (children's answers) Please remember the heroes who have positive qualities. And what heroes can we call negative? (illustrations of the most popular characters can be prepared in advance)
- Guys, good and evil are special words. What is goodness? What is evil? People have pondered these questions throughout history. Who among you can try to answer the question: what is good? (children express their assumptions)
- I brought with me a dictionary of the Russian language by S. I. Ozhegov. In this dictionary we will try to find the answer to our first question: what is good? (slide 5)

- Please note that the word "Good" has two meanings. (discussion with children)
- And the second question, to which we will try to answer, what is evil? (children express their opinion)
- Let's clarify in the dictionary if you were mistaken in your answers. (slide 6)

- Guys, look at the next slide. (slide 7)

- What do you think these animals have to do with our topic? (children express their assumptions)
4. Viewing the parable "Two Wolves"
- And now I propose to watch a parable called “Two Wolves”. (when watching a parable, the teacher reads the text himself or a student who reads well (slide 8 video)

5. Discussion and analysis of the parable.
- How did you understand the meaning of this parable? (children's reasoning)
- How can you explain the words of the old man: "The wolf that you feed wins"?
- Each person is able to feed a good or bad wolf in himself. Everyone decides for himself which wolf is closer. I would like to wish everyone that you do only good deeds, speak only kind words.
- What is the difference between the words kindness and kindness? (children's answers)
- If now I asked you to draw a picture called "Good", then what would you draw on it? (children's answers)
- And I want to show you this kind picture(slide 9). And read a little rhyme: Do you want to be loved? Do good to people. You will be convinced very soon that you are acting smart!

- Guys, do you know the proverbs and sayings about good, evil, kindness? (work with children. Children can be offered proverbs on the screen, or you can distribute them on pieces of paper and make out the meaning of several proverbs and sayings). (slide 10)

6. Working with proverbs and sayings.
- Each of you has a kind heart, I know that for sure. Look how many of these hearts are in our class - a whole garden! And I'm so happy about that! (slide 11)

- I really hope that in our garden there will always be beautiful flowers, strong roots and many fruits. Do you promise to try?
7. Generalization of the obtained material.
- Guys, today at the lesson we discussed a lot, expressed our opinions. What advice can you now give to your little brothers and sisters, and maybe even older ones? (children's answers) I suggest that you formulate several useful tips that we will keep in our memory. (you can invite children to draw a poster) (slide 12 with a song)

- Which cartoon character always urges you to live together? Of course, Leopold. And now I invite you to listen to his song "A Song of Kindness."
8. Summing up.
- Guys, remember how our favorite fairy tales end?
-Good triumphs over evil! And I wish you the same in your life! (slide 13)

- And at the end of our lesson, I want to read you a small poem (slide 14 a).

It's good that kindness
lives in the world with us.
Without kindness you are an orphan
Without kindness, you are a gray stone!
-I hope that our lesson was not in vain and you will take a lot with you into your life!
9. Homework.
- I ask you at home to compose your little fairy tale about good, evil, kindness.
(slide 14 b). Thank you for the attention!

Presentation on the topic: Scenario of a classroom hour for students of 3-4 grades "Good and Evil"

Form of carrying out: class time thinking.

Target: Formation of moral values ​​among students, ideas about good and evil, the essence of mercy; motivation for moral self-improvement, for active actions in the name of good.

Tasks:

• To reveal the concepts: good, evil, mercy, racism, genocide, extremism, to acquaint with works of literature, painting about the war.
• Form moral categories and value judgments, instill a culture of discussion.
• Foster feelings of rejection of evil, camaraderie, patriotism and compassion, the desire to do good deeds.

Basic concepts:

• good and evil
• kindness
• mercy

Teaching methods:

• Conversation
• Exercises
• Group work.

1. Psychological warm-up

Social teacher: Girls and boys! Dear guests, hello. I'm glad to see you on our class hour... My friends, are you ready to go? If so, please look at everything at me. I have to ask you. I will ask you to sit in a circle, relax, and join hands. Thanks. Now close your eyes and listen to the overture. You feel how this music flows directly into our hearts, fills them with confidence and tranquility. Mentally tell each one to himself: “I feel good! I'm good! I feel good! " (Now please open your eyes and give each other smiles. How did you feel? And why do you think? Children's answers.

Social teacher: You are right, the music, your smiles, your touching each other, the feeling of a friendly shoulder - all of this influenced your mood. I looked at your smiling faces and noticed that the class became brighter. This is probably because kind, warm-hearted people have gathered here. After all, kindness is the sun that warms the soul of a person. Let's read the words of M. Prishvin: "Everything good in nature is from the sun, and all the best in life is from man." I think you can now tell what we are going to talk about today. Children's answers.

Social teacher: I invite you to talk about good and evil. The topic of our class hour: "Good or evil is your moral choice."

Social teacher: Look at the screen, please. The following definitions of these concepts are given in Dahl's dictionary (these definitions are compared with the answers of children).

- This is what an old Chinese parable tells about it.

3. Staging

Young man: Oh, wisest, take me as your disciple, I want to know the truth.

Can you lie? the sage asked.
- Of course not! - answered the young man.
- And steal?
- No.
- And kill?
- No...
- So go, - exclaimed the teacher, - and know all this. And once you know, don't do it! What did the wise man want to say with his strange advice?

Social teacher: What do you think, the young man should have learned to be hypocritical, trick, kill? Children's answers.

Social teacher: Of course, the thought of the sage was this: whoever did not recognize and did not experience evil, he cannot be truly, actively good. Do you think good and evil are related? Children's answers.

Targets and goals:

Education of ethical standards of behavior, feelings of kindness and compassion, love and mercy;

Motivation junior schoolchildren on moral deeds and deeds.

The teacher should have prepared the verses used in this scenario in advance.

Description of the class hour

The situation "What are good and evil?"

Teacher: Guys, today I would like to talk to you very interesting topic“What are“ good ”and“ evil ”? How do you understand this?

In the history of mankind, this issue has been discussed for hundreds of years. The battle between good and evil, moral and immoral, goes on wherever there are at least two living beings. The controversy between decency and immorality, sacrifice and selfishness, good neighborliness and hatred is between people different countries and peoples.

We all face this battle in life and strive to do everything in our power for the triumph of good, to do good deeds, acts related to mercy and charity. What is fair and what is unfair? What are good and evil?

We live in a time when these questions are not easy to answer. Behavior that is viewed as unacceptable by one group of people may appear wonderful to another. Yesterday's bans can be surprising in today's daily activities. There is probably no universally accepted model of fairness and injustice. To lead a righteous life full of meaning, we must be able to distinguish between good and evil, choose a system of values ​​that guides our behavior.

The concepts of good and evil are at the heart of the ethical assessment of human behavior. Considering any human act "good", "good", we give it a positive moral assessment, and "evil", "bad" - negative.

Good and evil are most often associated with two aspects of a person's life: thoughts (thinking) and his actions (action). It is not enough to “think about good”, it is important to do a good deed.

Buying bread is not an act, but if a person shares bread with a hungry person or takes it away from a suffering person, these are actions that receive a moral assessment.

V real life people do both good and bad deeds. The idea that there is a struggle between "the forces of good and evil" in the world and in man is one of the fundamental ideas that permeate the entire history of culture. How is this struggle developing? What dominates the world - good or evil? Is man by nature good or evil? There are various answers to these questions. And in this regard, the culture of a person's upbringing in the spirit of ethical norms of life can be viewed as a means of overcoming evil.

Guys, what is good and evil? (Students' reasoning)

Think and Say Situation

Teacher: Now, guys, listen to a few aphorisms about good and evil and express your opinion: do you agree with this statement or not? How did you understand these aphorisms?

In whatever appearance good and evil did not collide, their battle is always full of great meaning, directing the fate of the world. Here is what Ibn-Hakim, the purest of thoughts and the most penetrating, said on this occasion: north or south, and there were eyewitnesses to this case or not; in the same way, in evil and good there are no insignificant, insignificant deeds, for from the totality of small causes great consequences arise ... (L.V. Soloviev. From the "Tale of Khoja Nasreddin")

Good alone is immortal,

Evil does not live for a long time! (Sh. Rustaveli)

The source of evil is vanity, and the source of good is mercy ... (F. Rene de Chateaubriand)

We love people for the good that we have done to them, and we do not love for the evil that we have done to them. (L.H. Tolstoy)

The smarter and kinder a person is, the more he notices goodness in people. (F. Chesterfield)

He who does good to another does good to himself; not in the sense of consequences, but by the very act of doing good, since the consciousness of the good done by itself already gives great joy... (S. Lucius Annay.)

Kindness is to the soul what health is to the body: it is invisible when you own it, and it gives you success in every business. (L.N. Tolstoy)

(The reasoning of the guys)

Teacher: Guys, listen to the verses, and then we will discuss them:

Good and evil. Eternal war

The first is stronger, then the second.

Victory is no doubt valuable

They say: good without fists,

The good that does not know how to defend -

Not even worth a couple of kind words

Good is invincible in all ages,

So we were taught from childhood, but alas -

God works in mysterious ways

And they are not always, as it seems, right ...

(Excerpt from Goyakli's poem Good and Evil.)

Teacher: Have you guessed what these lines are about? (The guys' reasoning) Indeed, that sometimes you have to fight for good. It is important for each of us to be not just “kind”, but to show kindness to the people around us, animals and nature every day. Yes, indeed, sometimes the truth, goodness must be defended in a dispute. But the power of good will only increase when, in difficult situations, we are able to prove truth, goodness and justice.

Thus, good and evil are among the most general concepts moral consciousness, distinguishing between moral and immoral.

Good is associated with the concept of good, which refers to what is useful to people. It follows from this that the good is not the good itself, but only that which benefits (people, the animal world, nature); so evil is not harm itself, but that which causes harm, leads to it.

Like all moral and ethical norms, good is the unity of motivation (motive) and result (action).

Both the goal and the means to achieve it must be good. Even the most benevolent, good goal cannot justify any, especially immoral, means.

As personality traits, good and evil appear in the form of virtues and vices. As properties of behavior - in the form of kindness and malice. good person always responsive, attentive, cordial, able to share someone else's joy, even when he is preoccupied with his own problems, fatigue, when he has an excuse for a harsh word or gesture. A kind person radiates warmth, generosity and generosity. He is natural, approachable and responsive, while he does not humiliate with his kindness and does not set any conditions.

Evil is the opposite of good. These are qualities such as envy, pride, revenge, arrogance, and atrocity. The feeling of envy disfigures the personality and relationships of people, it arouses in a person a desire for another to fail, unhappiness. Envy prompts a person to commit immoral acts. It is no coincidence that envy is considered one of the most serious sins in the Christian religion, for all other sins can be viewed as a consequence or manifestation of envy.

What kind of person can be kind? (The reasoning of the guys)

What rules of kindness do you think must be followed in order to be kind? (The reasoning of the guys: to love people, acquaintances and strangers, to encourage others to have good relationships, to do good for loved ones, friends)

Listen folk proverbs and sayings about good:

Kindness without reason is empty.

Whoever loves good deeds, life is dear to him.

Do good to others - you yourself will be without trouble.

A good deed nourishes both the soul and the body.

A good person lives in goodness for a century.

What did you guys do good? How have you helped people? (Students' reasoning)

Let's listen to good verses about good.

The guys come out and read poetry.

1st student:

When on the slopes of eternal vanity

You will get tired of running away from failures,

Guide your steps along the Path of Kindness

And help someone find joy.

(I. Romanov)

2nd student:

No matter how life flies -

Do not regret your days

Do a good deed

For the happiness of people.

To make the heart burn

And did not smolder in the darkness,

Do a good deed -

That is why we live on earth.

(A. Lesnykh)

3rd student:

Oh, how we need kind words!

We have seen it ourselves more than once.

Or maybe not words - deeds are important?

Deeds - deeds, and words - words.

They live with each of us

Souls are kept at the bottom for a while,

To pronounce them at that very hour,

When others need them.

(M. Lisyansky)

4th student:

Faces and dates are erased

But all the same until the last day

I remember those who once

They warmed me at least with something.

Warmed with your raincoat tent

Or in a quiet, playful word,

Or tea at a shaky table,

Or simply a kind face.

Together:

Like a holiday, like happiness, like a miracle

Kindness goes on the ground.

And I won't forget about her,

How I forget about evil.

(Yuri Drunina)

Teacher: And now I ask you to give examples of kind, deeply moral actions of people, their comrades or acquaintances. Why do you think that the example you gave is a good deed and a moral deed? (Students' reasoning)

Teacher: Guys, you understand correctly that in modern world there are many temptations for bad deeds. But the task of every person is to do right choice, to commit only those actions that do not contradict the law, moral norms and rules of etiquette. And now the guys will read you poems that you can take as a basis for your actions and deeds.

1st student:

Good and evil are eternal choices

The most important choice of a person

The fate of its root cause and the meaning of its earthly age.

2nd student:

Moments of choice are a great gift

The opportunity to touch eternity,

But it is important to distinguish darkness from light,

So that this choice is not deceived.

3rd student:

Do not allow pride, lies and fear

Into yourself.

Then the evil darkness will recede

And the light will be able to break through to you.

4th student:

When it seems to you

That you know everything to the end

Rather, chase this thought:

She is only worthy of a fool.

(Yu. Novikov)

The teacher thanks the active children and brings them to the main idea - every person should do good deeds every day.