Presentation of Natural Communities of Belarus. Plant and animal world of Belarus. Berezinsky biosphere reserve
Lesson on the subject of man and world
Topic: "Plant and animal world. What is a natural community? "
Objectives lesson:
1 ) cognitive
begin to form the concept of a natural community in which the living and non-fat nature is interrelated;
to convince schoolchildren that the violation of these ties is accompanied by significant changes in any natural community.
2) developing
to form skills: observe, analyze, compare, draw conclusions and conclusions, express judgments.
3) educational
help students learn how to build their behavior in nature on the basis of knowledge of the relationships in it and the appropriate assessment possible consequences His actions.
During the classes:
1. The organizational moment. (Slide 1)
Guys! Today is a wonderful day, because the sun shines, which everyone loves and warms.
Imagine a small star in your heart. Mentally direct the rays that are carryinglove, peace, good .
And now direct the rays that are carryinghealth, joy, warmth, light, tenderness, affection .
Our asterisk has become big as the sun.
Sit down.
Children, I want you to remember what you now feel and took the ability to listen and hear, think and generalize.
Today, at the lesson, I will need your attention, support and help.
Close your eyes, lower your head and listen in words:
"If we close your eyes, I will not see anything. Nothing before was not, except for darkness. And it was as long as the blue sparkling ball appeared is the earth. Life begins ... The world is blinding dazzling. And it is important that it continued forever. " (Open your eyes)
What do we need in class? (Slide 2)
- Work together.
- Be able to listen to each other.
- listen to others without interrupting,
carefully.
- be able to distribute duties
among themselves, clearly know the share of work
each.
- be able to negotiate, help
each other.
2. Check d \\ s: (test) on the topic "Rivers and Lake" (Slide 3)
The river is a reservoir that has sources and mouth.
2. The deepening for which the river flows is called the river.
3. The beginning of the river is called mouth.
4. Exit underground water On the surface is called a lock.
5. Small rivers, which fall into large, are called tributaries.
3. Mini - Uch-smi projects by groups: (Slides 4, 5, 6)
1 group - lake Naroch
2 Group - Lake Svityaz
3 Group - River Neman
Lake Naroch - "Pearl" of the Belarusian land. It is so huge that in cloudy weather, the opposite coast is lost in the haze, and then it seems as if you stand on the shores of the Mysterious Ancient Sea. Located in the Milliel district, the Naro River pool, on the territory of the Nar National Park. Included in the narrocal group of the lakes and is the resort area. It is the largest natural reservoir in Belarus. Its area is 79.6 sq. Km. At the same time, the depths of the Narius are small - an average of 8.9 meters.
It is safe to say that the lake of Naroch is in Belarus first place for purity and transparency of water. The bottom, eliminated by sand and stone, is viewed to 5-7 meters in summer and up to 10 meters in winter. There are Lin, Nalim, Amur Sazan and others. The catch usually prevails bream, pike, roach. In the lake there is also an eel
In order to preserve the wealth of the lake, a set of security activities is provided - a water protection zone has been allocated around the lake with a special mode of use of natural resources.
Water in a lake Naroch is surprisingly clean and transparent. In clear weatherless weather at the depth of six meters without difficulty, it is possible to consider numerous inhabitants of the lake, and if you are lucky, in addition to bleak, perch, roach, pikes can be seen.
The lake is distinguished by the wealth of waterfowl, on it and in its surroundings, the nesting of rare for Belarus swan-hipuna, paint small, skops, and mild cakes are noted.
Lake Svityaz Located in the river basin of the River Talk, almost in the center of Novogrudskaya, 3 km to the SD from the village of Valevka Grodno region. Its area is about 170 hectares and it has a rounded form. From the Svatiusi flows a small river svorevost. There are no surface watercourses (rivers and streams) flowing into the lake. The lake is framed by a massive emerald necklace - a tight rings of a kilometer width. In 1970, Lake Svityaz and the territory adjacent to it were declared an ecological reserve. On the shore of the lake is a sanatorium.
Here, even in the lake, many relict plants grow, which could rightfully be called "kings" - Lobelia Dortman, the nauda is flexible, the seams of the lake and a rare coastal one-deplex coastal.
But the most mysterious seems to have a very rare plant form in the lake, which grows only on the island of Java, and the habitat here is mollusk - known only for lakes of France, Belgium and Germany
Lake Svityaz announced by the reserve along with a forest area of \u200b\u200b847 hectares. Here, mixed plantings from oak, spruce, grab, ash, maple, aspen on small squares alternate with clean threshers, ashranniks, birchings, forming more than 25 different types of forest.
In well-preserved forests, many blueberries, lingers, strawberries; In peat meadows, interesting insectivorous plants - Rosyanka Rounded and girlfriend ordinary, and in forest thickets among a wide variety of herbal vegetation - rare orchids.
Nemanwhich proceeds through the territory of the region - the third largest river in Belarus. Its total length is 937 km, and within the Grodno region - 360 km.
Begins under the name Nemman on the column plain. , flows through the Minsk and Grodno region of Belarus. Blows to the Baltic Sea.
The channel is winding, a lot of chalks and focate, sandy islands. Width places reaches 640 m.
Above the city of Grodno The width of the valley places does not exceed 300-400 m, and the depth reaches 35-45 m. The river here resembles a rapid mountain stream. Her shores are littered with pebbles and large boulders. In line, the boulders often form real thresholds. The slopes of the valley are cut by numerous deep ravines.
Nemman naughty snow, raindling and groundwater. During the spring flood, the water level in the river rises by 2-3 m or more. In the Grodno, the rise of water in the spring reaches 8 m. Summer and autumn after heavy rains there are short-term floods.
Freezes in the second half of December, revealed in the 3rd decade of March. The maximum ice thickness is 65 cm. Spring iceshirt lasts 7-15 days. Spring flood passes by several waves. The average excess of the water level is 4 m. Increases downstream.
There are perch, pike, roach, bream, crucian, bleak, valuable view - Sudak.
On the river are the city of Grodno, bridges, columns
According to scientists, more than a million years ago, Neman existed an ancient river. Later this territory has not been covered by the glaciers who came from Scandinavia. But when they retired, Neman again and again revived and made his way to the sea. People first appeared on the banks of the river about 11-12 thousand years ago.
Neman - shipping river. Regular navigation binds Grodno with the Lithuanian city of Druskininkai, and during high water River ships with forest, building materials and other goods rise above the place of failure in Neman Berezina River. There is on Neman and a hydroelectric station (from the city of Kaunas Lithuanian Republic). A large reservoir, which is called Kaenas Sea, spread out before the HPP dam.
4. And now, guys, I want you to look at the movie and thought about what we will talk to the lesson today?
(video about nature)
Game "Board Lord" (slide 7-8)
Look at my dear friend
What is around?
Sky light - blue,
The sun shines golden
The wind is playing,
Tuchka in the sky swims,
Field, river and grass,
Man and season -
It's all around nature.
5. -Catalization of knowledge (slide 9-11)
What is nature? (That's all that surrounds us, which is not done by the hands of a person).
What two groups shares nature? (Live and non-resident).
What objects relate to wildlife? (Man, plants, animals, mushrooms and microbes).
And what objects relate to inanimate nature? (Sun, Air, Water, Relief).
Is there any interrelation between live and inanimate nature? (Slide 12)
I see guys, you find it difficult to answer this question, so let's start working in groups,after all, saying Easier to solve questions.
6. Work in groups. Studying a new material.
Each group has pictures with depicted nature objects and simply nature objects.
1) setting the problem (slide 13)
We have one problem. You need to choose suitable, in your opinion, nature objects for a specific territory. In the process of work, you can consult by finishing the work, representatives of the groups will prove why these objects of nature are located in this territory.
The first group has a forest.
The second is river.
The third swamp.
As soon as you are ready, lift the signal card with the image of a red circle.
2) solution problem
All ready?
We provide the word group that the first completed the task.
What are all those objects that attributed to the forest? Why?
And why did you put the protein there?
Or maybe protein exist without a forest?
And what objects turned out to be superfluous? (A fish).
Why? (She can't live without water, algae)
We provide the word group that the second performed the task.
What objects of nature did you attribute to the swamp? (Cranberry, Heron, Frog, Peat).
What objects turned out to be superfluous? Why? (Hedgehog - because it lives on dry territory, feeds on mice, mushrooms that are not in the swamp).
We provide the word to the representative of the Third Team:
What objects did you attribute to the river territory? (Fish, algae, pebbles).
What objects are unnecessary? (Squirrel).
Why?
7. Generalization (Slide 14 - 15)
Guys, you have now told how in nature everything is connected and one.
Here is such a unity of living and inanimate naturewhich develops under certain conditions ambient, callednatural community.
There are a lot of them: it is the meadow, and the lake, and the field.
And what communities spoke in groups? (About the forest, about the swamp, about the river).
In more detail about the natural communities you will learn in the following lessons.
And now, guys, the owner of the forest "Lesovka" invites you to relax.
8. Fizminutka (Music Forest Fisminet)
9. Working with a textbook
Open the tutorial and find the answer to the question - what is the natural community?
So guys, what is the natural community? (This is the unity of living and inanimate nature, which consists in certain environmental conditions.
The game "Who is superfluous" (slide 16 - 17)
Work in pairs
10. Forest - Basic Natural Community of Belarus (Slide 18)
Plants and animal forests are related to each other invisible threads - Food ties. (p. 44)
11. Man - Part of Nature (Slide 19)
Nature, like a wounded bird, shouts, asks for help! We need to know how to keep natural resources For those who will live on Earth after us.
For a long time, people are engaged in the land of the farm. Build cities, roads, cultivate fields. All this is necessary. But for this you have to destroy the forests. Cut down trees and for wood, necessary people. That is why every year on earth remains less than forests.
The air, water is increasingly polluted. And we know that they are necessary for the life of plants, animals, man. But with plants and factories in the air, smoke falls, and in rivers and lakes - wastewater with various harmful substances ...(Slide 20).
First of all, it is necessary to comply with the rules of behavior in the forest, in the meadow, on the river. Let's repeat these rules.
1. (Slide 21) on excursions, during trips and walks Do not break the branches of trees and shrubs! The plant is a living being and branches along with the leaves help him breathe, separated oxygen into the air, dust delay. Where there are many plants, it is easy to breathe!
2. (Slide22) Do not damage the bark of trees. Understand, it hurts them! They cease to grow and die for a long time, just can not say about it.
3. (Slide 23) Do not RVI colors in the forest and in the meadow! After all, the flower in a vase is a prisoner sentenced to death. Let this miracle pleases the eye, rejuvenates the heart, the soul of those who will come after us. It is the habit of tearing flowers led to the disappearance of many plant species.
4. (Slide 24) in the forest, try to walk along the paths, so as not to get the grass and the soil. Folk wisdom says: "One person leaves a trail in the forest, a hundred people - a trail, and thousands - a wasteland."
5. (Slide 25) You can not take eggs from the nest, to break the anthills, dig holes and disturb the forest inhabitants.
6. (Slide 26) Do not divide the fire in the forest, if there is no need for this! The fires are wounds in the inspection cover of the forest. For their healing required 15-20 years. Fire may arise from the fire!
7. (Slide 27) Do not knock the mushrooms, even inedible. The one who stifles a stick of mugs, does not respect the forest, does not understand him. Amaniars help grow trees, they feed proteins, moose, Soroki.
8. (Slide 28) In the forest it is forbidden to include tape recorders, raise a cry and noise. From this beasts and birds leave their holes and nests. It is necessary to appreciate, protect the eternal wise silence, be able to listen to the magic sounds of the forest.
9. (Slide 29) Do not leave a mess after yourself in the forest. Remember! Abandoned paper decomposes 2 years, canning bank for at least 70 years, plastic bag will lie for a very long time, since there are no bacteria on earth that can destroy it, and the glass shard in sunny weather It is able to play the role of lenses and cause a forest fire.
The outcome of the lesson. Poem:
On our ball's ball,
Where we were born and live
Where in herbs summer dew
Blue skies
Where is the sea, mountains, steppes, forest -
Full mysterious wonders.
In the forest wanders grey Wolf, and the valley is thin blooms,
In the steppe kobyl, like a gentle silk,
Combhes the breeze.
It rattles on the rocks of the waterfall, and the splashes of Rainbow fly.
And in the blue sea thick whale -
Large as a house, sleeps on the waves.
Do not destroy this world
Girls and boys,
Otherwise these wonders
Will be only in the book.
So that was in the sources of Narzan.
From the clearing - strawberries,
Be careful how Tarzan,
Bear with nature wild.
You are also part of her miracles,
And for you darkens the forest,
And the river is light flows,
And in the spring lilac flowers.
And we must try
We do not part with it.
Republic of Belarus is in Eastern Europe. The boundaries of this republic pass through Lithuania, Poland, Latvia, Russia and Ukraine.
Each city of Belarus is historically important for the whole world. Arriving here, tourists try to visit every corner of this country: Minsk, Gomel, Polotsk, Vitebsk, Brest. These cities keep a lot of historical secrets. The ancient buildings are the attraction of each of them - the Brest Fortress, Belovezhskaya Pushcha, Gorodnishchina, various palaces and national parks.
Vegetable world of Belarus
The Belarusian Flora is quite beautiful and diverse. Forest vegetation prevails over the rest of the plant species. Here you can see wide pine forests, as well as small areas occupied by other forest formations.
Forest-forming trees are: pine, alder gray, birch and oak. Also on forest expanses, maples, limes, ash and aspen are growing.
Pribiz-Popede is famous for the fact that the sandy meadows and floodplain forests are found in its territories. Such vegetation is very rare in Belarus. As a rule, they seem to be taiga forests, juniper gentlemen and pesty wastelands.
In the floodplains of rivers you can see the preserved eutrophic and power meadows.
The lands of Pribuzhsky Polesia are suitable for growing various vascular plants - the piston of the magnifier and palate of the ordinary. Also growing mint of forest and mistletoe Australian grows here.
From subarctic species there are Tochannik and a richness, from Pontic - Klever Mountain, Silver, Timofeevka Steppe, Poleskaya oatmeal. Representatives of boreal species are: a female jigger, a triliste, blueberry watch, blueberry, a lingonberry, a year old, Willow, and spruce. Nonoral species are represented by an ordinary, elm smooth and rough, lime.
The vegetation of swamps is also diverse. Here are growing, dying-diluted, cereal and sediments and large types. The main swamp plants are: Iva, alder black, fluffy birch, as well as a rod, cranberries, myrtol marsh, hypinous moss.
There are many growing in Belarus medicinal plants, whose main representatives are: sage, calendula, sea buckthorn, coltsfoot, valerian medicinal, rosehip, peppermint mint, plantain, Medicarian medicinal, chamber, immortelur and saber, marsh.
Poisonous Belarusian plants - ordinary shock, milestone, spotted Boligols, Lily of May and Wolf Lyko.
Interesting is the insectivore plant - Alded Street bubble.
Animal world of Belarus
Belarusian fauna is also distinguished by variety of species.
Forests are the most populated ecosystems of the republic. The main representatives of forests are: Moose, boars, noble deer, roe. Also here you can see Zaitsev, hedgehogs, lasoms and kunits. Rare representative of the Red Book of Belarus European Bison.
But not all animal forests are often found. From rare species, you can distinguish trot, badger and brown bear, Cute. From rare and protected animal species there are: bison (inhabitant of Belovezhskaya forest).
IN wide forests Green and white-spiny woodpeckers, clintuhi, whiskers and small mukholovki mukholovki, felki, bullfinch, cedishes, muddy owls and others.
In the areas of rivers and lakes there are extrition, paint storks black and blocral, and cerebridge.
In the reeds and cane thickets you can see a small sink, the satuned blue and nightingale cricket.
Water areas are found rare view Ducks - whitebire black. A rare species of birds living in the meadows is a big Veretnik.
The predatory representatives of the feathers are: Orlen-Belochvost, Skop, Berkut, Cheglock.
Among the manacked representatives of Belarus most often meet: the widecale is European and nightnight Nattera.
The main inhabitants of the marshes are turtles, reed toads, frogs, lizards, custody and viper.
The world of invertebrates is very wide, but little studied. It is known that in the wrappers of trees there is a waxer, a hermit, and on the swamps - a butterfly black Apollo and a large alloy spider.
Text materials:
1 text
The natural community is a group of animals, plants, microorganisms adapted to the conditions of existence in this area that have a continuous impact of not only each other, but also on the environment of their habitat.
Natural communities divided
by area on:
- large-scale (mainland, ocean, taiga, steppe);
- middle and small (meadow, river, lake, pond)
by grouping method on:
- natural (forest, sea);
- artificial (field, aquarium).
In each natural community there may be only certain plants, animals, microorganisms that are adapted to the living conditions in a particular area. Wolves and foxes live in the forest, do not meet them in the ocean. Sea fish can not live in fresh water rivers.
The main form of the inhabitants of the natural community - food.
Food chain: Plants - herbivores - predators.
For example, plants - caterpillars - insects - insectivores - predators.
Important in biocenosis (natural community) are organisms that contribute to the decomposition of organic substances (excrement, the corpses of the dead animals) are a graveer beetle, wormer, worms, mold mushrooms, bacteria.
Thus, in the natural community there is continuously cycle of substances.
Communities also closely interact with each other, forming an ecosystem. These high levels of the organization are also associated and form the Biosphere of the Planet Earth.
Natural communities may vary under the influence of:
- biotic factors;
- human activity;
- abiotic factors.
For example, lake - swamp - forest. This process takes hundreds of years. It is performed under the influence of natural reasons: the remnants of animals and plants are accumulated at the bottom of the lake, the shore will overgrow the reed, Russian. Organic residues form peat deposits. The reservoir microclimate changes, therefore the species composition of animals changes. Etc.
Changes in the natural community "River - Punting Pond" occur due to the destructive impact of human activity for several years.
Biocenosis has a property to restore after the cessation of harmful external influences. However, the influence of man's business should not exceed a certain threshold, after which the ecosystem is no longer capable of self-regulation and recovery. This is the only condition for preserving the ecological balance in nature.
Abiotic factors are an unregulated impact of inanimate nature: shiny shift Climate, volcanic eruption, fluctuation of solar activity.
The natural community has a long history. This is especially clearly observed in forest biocenosis: the tops of the most high trees - Lower trees - underols (shrubs) - herbs - mushrooms, moss and lichens. Underground Liar has a mirror structure: forest litter - Small roots of grassy plants, - roots of shrubs - deep in the soil root of the highest trees.
The presentation describes what the natural community is what they are and as classified. The life of the meadow is considered in more detail. Presentation is rich in illustration. The basis of this presentation was the textbook " The world. Grade 3. "
2 text
Natural communities.
There are as the unity of living and inanimate nature: the union of animals, plants, microorganisms living in a certain territorial region affecting each other and the environment.
Types of misaliest natural communities
- mainland
- oceanic
- pusty
- Taiga
- Steppe
- Pond
- Swamp
- Lake
Small are part of the major.
Community communication.
Main - Food:
- Plants are obtained nutrients From soil and water, use the energy of the Sun for growth and development.
- Plants feed on vegetable animals (caterpillars).
- They feed predators (birds and beasts).
- Petition animals (rainworms).
- With the help of mold mushrooms and bacteria, the remains decompose.
Thus, cycle of substances occurs through the food chains.
Forest - a multi-storey house
- Mossi, lichens
- Shrub, grass
- Shrub
- Trees.
These floors share animals, birds, insects. Animals in the forest are less than plants.
Mushrooms in the forest
Edible: boletus, boomes, white.
Inedisible: Amanitors, Radiers.
Insects forest.
Ants ladybugs, Forest bedbugs, beetles-koroeda.
Forest birds and beasts.
Predators: wolves, foxes.
Herbivores: hares, moose.
Omnivores: bears, boars, hedgehogs.
Drozda, nightingales, foams, sitsy, zhavrons.
An example of the supply chain of the Forest Community.
Grains of plants - Mouse - Owl.
Meadow
These are plots with herbal vegetation. If they are small, they are called lawns, large - meadows.
Flusted and alpine.
If the meadow is flooded with water, it is called fuse. Here the grass grows more actively.
Alpine meadows are located in the peas. The higher the mountains, the stronger the natural landscape: the foot of the mountains are growing, which shrubs are replaced on the slopes, and closer to the top of the meadow.
Plants.
Feathers: clover, blacklist, mouse peas, fox.
Flowering: Dandelion, bell, yarrow.
Poisonous: Buttercup, Boligol, Chemeritsa.
Mushrooms: Opel, Champignon, Raincoat.
Meadow insects.
Butterflies, bees, bumblebees, ladybugs, grasshoppers, beetles.
Beasts and birds.
Mice, moles, toads, lizards, enter foxes, wolves, hares.
The shaking, quail, the corner.
An example of the supply chain of the community "Meadows".
Clover-butterfly-- Dragonfly - Frog - Already - Predator - Fox.
Natural community arising due to excess water in the soil. These places in the swamp, where the highest humidity is called tops. There are many bacteria, microorganisms and insects (mosquitoes).
Swamp plants and animal world
Moss, berries (cranberries), Source, Baguchik, Heather, Air, Valerian, Sveta, Rosyanka.
Amphibians (frogs, tritons), snakes (viper), heron.
An example of a swamp community power supply chain.
Frog - Komar - Stork.
Plan Abstract Ecology lesson in grade 3. Fore met man and world
Topic lesson: What is the natural community? What is ecology?
Objectives lesson:
- to form an idea of \u200b\u200bthe natural community, the concept of "ecology", to systematize and summarize the knowledge of the relationships in nature;
- develop the ability to establish natural relationships, predict the consequences of a violation by a person equilibrium in nature;
- Create conditions for the formation of belief in nature, everything is interconnected that violations by a natural equilibrium person can lead to the death of the whole living, including a person that every person is responsible for the preservation of natural ties.
Equipment:forest plants drawings, cards for modeling links in the forest, cards with assignments, table "Protected territories", Exhibition of books about national Parks and the reserve of the Republic of Belarus.
During the classes
1. Organizational moment
2. Checking homework
Students choose themselves to perform any task from any level.
| 1st level | 2nd level | 3rd level |
| 1. Name the letter with the correct answer. Boloto is: a) a plot of land, where the plants grow under excess moisturizing; b) a plot of land where the mains are the trees. | 1. Answer to the question. What kind of alive are the plants of the swamps? | 1. Answer to the question. What are the plants of the swamps in excessive moisturizing? |
| 2. Emphashane among the plants listed plants of swamps: cranberries, blueberries, blueberries, rowl, pine, peat moss. | 2. Divided the listed plants into groups: cranberries, blueberries, blueberries, strawberries, rods, rogoz, lily of the village, Rosyanka, Pine. | 2. We divide the listed plants into possible groups: cranberries, scolish, blueberries, strawberries, a rod, rogoz, lily of the village, Rosyanka, Pine, Birch, Leschina. |
| 3. Find out the description of the plant: Round small reddish leaflets covered with hairs with large bubbles at the ends, which highlight the droplets of the adhesive juice. | 3. Emphasha, which of these signs belong to cranberries. Lastly small, large, leathery, soft, brilliant dark green on top, silver-colored with a wax chain; Stems short, long filamentines; Pinkish, dark red berries, sour, sweet. | 3. Learn the plant by description, correct errors in the description. Large, oval, bluish-blue berries with a sizhy ripple, inside black; The leaves are large, oval, on top of dark green, pepper, covered with a bluish wax. |
| 4. Finish the proposal. On the swamp you can meet such birds like owl, ... | 4. Finished Proposal. Many marsh birds are long ... | 4. Completeness of the sentence. And the adaptation of birds to life in the swamp is: ... b) most marsh plants have small leaves, which is a device to a smaller ... |
| 5. Insert the missing. Speech - Komar - ... - Stork | 5. As these living organisms are interconnected by each other: a plant, a frog, stork, mosquito. | 5. As these living organisms are connected with each other: crane, frog, mosquitoes, plants, midges, heron. |
The first level tasks are estimated at 1 - 2 points, 2-thro levels of 3-4 points; The third - in 5 - 6 points. To evaluate the results, you can use the following table:
| Number of points | Mark | Number of points | Mark |
| 1 | 1 | 11 — 14 | 6 |
| 2 – 3 | 2 | 15 — 18 | 7 |
| 4 – 6 | 3 | 19 — 20 | 8 |
| 7 — 8 | 4 | 21 — 25 | 9 |
| 9 — 10 | 5 | 26 – 30 | 10 |
The number of tasks can be reduced, instead of one of those presented in the table, the students offer questions compiled by them or tasks on the topic.
3. Studying a new material
Answers to the textbook's questions.
Looking for communication
On the board or on cards, a couple of words are written, between which students are looking for connections:
Reservoir - fish; Forest - trees, wood - woodpecker, bump - woodpecker, squirrel - Cuckit, oak - mouse, forest - mushroom, meadow - butterflies; swamp - frog; Oak - Coyuka; Lake - toothless, flower - butterfly.
- Take out what kinds of links are reflected here (you do not need to explain the links in each pair of objects).
Based on the game, knowledge is updated that there are "apartment" and food links between plants and animals.
Formulation theme lesson
- What natural homes are named in this game?
On the board are set cards with the words: forest, meadow, swamp, reservoir.
- These natural houses are called natural communities.
On the board over the already exhibited cards appear a card Natural communities.
- How do you understand the word "community"?
- Consider the drawings in the textbook reflecting the food links in the meadow in the water reservoir (work in pairs) and establish how the depicted organisms are connected.
Output: plants and animals are interconnected by food bonds.
- In the forest, all plants and animals live together. Let's prove it. We simulate already familiar forest "floors".
On the board drawings of forest plants, located in three rows (if there are no drawings, the names of the plants are recorded). Pupils identify plants in the upper row (first tier) and check whether all plants are in place; If there are errors, correct. Similarly, the two next rows are checked.
- Could the plants live in the forest, not located in different tiers?
- Take a conclusion why some plants grow in the upper tier, others in the second and third?
- Thus, Lieznost is a fixture of plants to joint accommodation.
Didactic game "Pautinka" (work in pairs)
On cards (as well as on the board), students are proposed as follows:
- With the help of a pencil, the links that exist between the specified objects.
Discussion of the results obtained on the basis of the scheme shown on the board (the scheme is built using harvested cards, connections on the board with chalk).
- What do you remind the resulting drawing?
- What conclusion makes the resulting web?
- Consider in the textbook drawing of the food network in the Dubrava and answer the question of the textbook.
Output: in the natural community, the power chain is intertwined between themselves and form a single food network.
- And again we return to the scheme on the board and argue over the question: what will happen if all insectivore birds disappear in the forest?
As students are answered, the teacher removes the card with the names of plants and animals from the map.
A scheme appears on the board.
- Comment on the scheme using the textbook text:
In the comment process, the scheme is complemented by generalizing materials:
- What will happen if the plants do not get nutrients, enough water, light and heat?
- What will happen if the plants disappear?
- What will happen if they disappear herrocking animals?
- What will happen if microorganisms disappear, the bugs-gravers?
- Why do you need to know existing in nature in nature and why you can not violate them?
- The output is compare with the text of the textbook.
Reading text textbook
- What is the importance of science of ecology for a person?
- So, the ecology meets us the question of why and how to protect the nature that exist in it.
- Based on the table, find out what the reserves differ from the reserves and national parks:
Protected areas
Work on the tasks under the heading "Ratish" (work in pairs).
4. Fastening studied
- Read the tutorial output.
Task for those who want: to prepare a message about one of the national parks or reserve of the Republic of Belarus.
See also lessons:
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