Climate change, impact on health. How does climate affect people? Abrupt climate change, consequences Prepare for re-acclimatization

I'm not the only one who misses the hot sun. According to the statistics of the Association of Tour Operators of Russia, for the winter holidays, most Russians prefer to fly from winter to summer: to Thailand, Egypt, the United Arab Emirates, the Dominican Republic ... On average - for 10 days. And this time is enough to get a tan, but not to have a rest after changing the climate without any harm to health.

Impact of acclimatization on human health

“Our body is naturally programmed for seasonality,” says Dmitry Erzin, candidate of medical sciences, associate professor, general manager LLC "Doctor Bio". - And during the cold season, subzero temperatures are natural for us, but not +30. A sharp change in climate in winter is stress for the body. "

In an amicable way to fly in winter warm countries need for at least three weeks. “The body adapts to the heat for at least three days, completely rebuilds new climate in 7-8 days, and then if you follow all safety rules, says Dmitry Erzin. - Therefore, if you flew to Egypt for a week, then you will really start resting only when it’s time for you to go home. But with a two-week vacation, you will have at least 6-7 days without acclimatization. "

If you cannot afford a vacation of the required duration, for the trip it is better to choose a country with a climate that is closer to us. For one week, it is better to go, for example, to the Czech Republic or the Baltic States, and not to the Dominican Republic.

Acclimatization rules

If you do fly from winter to summer, when changing the climate, you need to remember that acclimatization is not just a process in which the body adjusts itself to new conditions for it. He needs to be helped in this, observing the following rules.

1. Pack your suitcase, putting the right things in it. If you are going to the real hell, clothes should be made of natural absorbent fabrics, spacious and light so that you do not overheat. Shoes should be such that the feet do not get tired or swollen. The best option, especially for overweight people, is flat sandals with orthopedic soles.

2. Do not forget about the first aid kit. To a person with chronic disease there is no need to remind about this. However, against the background of a stressful climate change, something can go wrong in a practically healthy body. The heat may increase the pressure, and allergies may appear due to unusual food. So just in case, collect all the essentials: analgesics, antispasmodics, remedies for indigestion, personal hygiene products, hand sanitizer ... For children - all the same medicines in a children's dosage.

Living in the same city for many years, a person gets used to the climate that is typical for this area. Traveling on vacation or moving to another area can affect your health in some way. And this influence is not always positive. Many of us are sensitive to even slight fluctuations in temperature and atmospheric pressure, and even a serious change in climate can have a completely unpredictable effect on health ... Let's talk about it on www ..

Climate change on earth

According to the Russian Emergencies Ministry, the country has warmed by as much as 0.43 degrees over the past decade. The increase in surface air temperature will continue. The culprit is human industrial activity. As a result of which the atmosphere is warming up, glaciers are melting, warm current Gulf Stream. As a result, more warm winters northern Europe. This tendency leads to a redistribution of places and strength of atmospheric precipitation. This leads to a reduction in agricultural land and a drop in food production, to hunger for the poor. High ambient temperatures exacerbate cardiovascular, respiratory and other diseases.

According to the WHO monitoring data, in 2003 due to the arrival of warm air in the August days of rising temperatures, an additional 22080 died. And this is only for 4 countries. So in France - 14802 people, in Great Britain - 2045 people died, in Italy - 3134, Portugal - 2099 people.

The habitats of encephalitis ticks and malaria mosquitoes will expand to more northern territories. Which will require preventive vaccination.

Starting from 2015, heating seasons in Russia will be shorter by 3-4 days. It is true that air conditioning costs will increase as the number of hot days in summer will increase.

How does climate change affect human health?

You didn't go to the Himalayas, didn't you go to Egypt? Certainly, exotic countries are now popular for recreation, but if you are not going anywhere, then hurry up to get upset! Perhaps it is because you are at home that you have preserved your precious health. Why?

It has been proven by practice and by the observations of doctors that acclimatization (getting used to a new climate), basically, takes place in a week. This time depends on the area from which you are leaving and where you are arriving. So, if you go somewhere on vacation just for a week, then your body will not have time to get used to a new place. And the first week will be stressful. Then, when it's time for you to return, he's used to it. But you are already going back ... It turns out that the body again needs to adapt, acclimatize to home conditions and work hard again, get a second stress. There are a lot of impressions from such a vacation, but the benefits are not so ... Therefore, while still at home, it is worth thinking about the question of the body's habituation in a new place and choosing a longer stay in a new place, not forgetting about the recovery time upon returning home. It is worth starting in advance to drink the drug that improves the adaptability of the organism - Tsigapan. This product is made from reindeer antler powder. You can read the instructions for the use of Tsigapan on the website by using the search.

And now we will give examples of the body's reaction to climate change using several examples.

How does the body react to being in a mountainous area?

There are several types of terrain, the climatic indicators in which depend on the surrounding nature... So, for high-mountainous regions, low air pressure is characteristic, moreover, than more height, the lower it is. The temperature in such a zone is changeable, sharp fluctuations occur even with the change of day and night. But the air there is incredibly fresh, clean, light, which cannot adversely affect the state of health. But in connection with such atmospheric features, the nervous system becomes more excitable. This is due to the activation of metabolic processes and the stimulation of other organ systems.

Staying in a mountainous climate accelerates all pathological processes in the body, boosts the immune system, which fights viruses more actively. Existing diseases are cured faster: a sluggish recovery is activated almost instantly. And yet, in order to get the maximum beneficial effect, it is necessary to stay in such conditions for at least four weeks - this is called the acclimatization period.

Traveling to the Sea: Is Coastal Air Good for Your Health?

First of all, when we mention the sea, we remember the amazingly fresh air, saturated with a mass of minerals, salt and iodine. It is very useful for the respiratory system, and therefore they go to the southern latitudes not only in the hot season for rest, but also in any season, if necessary, to get rid of diseases of the respiratory system.

The second positive factor is the effect of the marine climate on the nervous system. The very atmosphere that prevails on the coast is breathtaking and at the same time calms the psyche. The excitability of the central nervous system decreases, many processes are balanced. The digestion process is activated, appetite improves, insomnia passes.

The seaside is suitable for people who are weather dependent. For such latitudes, a sharp change in temperature is not characteristic; there is moderate humidity and stable atmospheric pressure in most days of the year. For those who cannot stand the heat, trains in the autumn-spring period are suitable. Doctors recommend staying in the maritime climate for at least twenty-four days for maximum benefit. It's practically ideal conditions for people with various diseases and absolutely healthy, for adults and children.

How can a desert climate affect your well-being?

Staying in such an area may not have the most favorable effect on the work of many organ systems. The desert is an insanely hot area with dry and dusty air, very sparse vegetation, and lack of moisture. All this contributes to the overstrain of adaptive reactions in humans. Persistent heat and drought lead to increased sweating, and this is fraught with loss of fluid on average up to 8-10 liters during the day. Dehydration is unlikely to benefit anyone. However, the effect of climate change on the body of some people is still useful even in the case of a desert. Doctors say that these are favorable conditions for the stay of people with impaired renal function. In this way, the liquid that this organ cannot handle is excreted through the surface of the skin.

Are northern latitudes good for human health?

The nature of the northern regions cannot be called diverse, but this does not mean that it loses the right to be considered amazingly beautiful. Snowy plains or mountain slopes, freezing cold, very short summer with high humidity. In such conditions, the body experiences stress: metabolic processes are sharply accelerated, the nervous system is activated, the mechanisms of the cardiovascular system and respiratory organs are stimulated. All this is due to increased heat generation. Such an impact can be an excellent training and tempering, this kind of climate is suitable for middle-aged people and is especially favorable for the elderly. To benefit from being in a given area, you need to choose the right clothes, thermal underwear and shoes to prevent overheating or freezing.

Despite the high adaptive ability of a person, not everyone can easily adapt to a certain set of meteorological factors. Born in a locality that has its own food character, weather, sanitary conditions, social factors and in the industrial sector, many people find it difficult to accept change. Just think ... Even the water in different parts of the earth is different. And it's not about its taste, but about its composition. Somewhere water contains a lot of potassium and magnesium, but somewhere not. In a few days, the body will definitely let you know that it suffers from a lack of intake of these substances and the heart will ache. We'll have to drink vitamins ... This is just one example of how climate change affects the body when moving. And in our example, the climate is not at all like ... But that doesn't make it any easier. Therefore, before moving to a permanent place of residence, it is still better to consult with doctors about whether this decision will harm your health.

People are constantly under the influence of the microclimate of the area where they live. One and the same weather regime exerts a certain power on a person's working capacity and mood. Even if the final one is accustomed to one, the seasonal change in the weather still affects him to some extent.

Moreover, some individuals, who are scientifically called meteopaths, are very painful to perceive the changes taking place with the weather.

The microclimate itself includes several phenomena: a change in meteorological indicators, atmospheric electricity, clear radiation, landscape, etc. That is, this whole complex of factors has a certain effect on the body.

Influence of microclimate on human health

Individual elements affect a person in different ways. Let's say a high fever environment provokes stretching of peripheral vessels, a decrease in blood pressure and the rate of metabolic processes, blood redivision in the body occurs.

But when the thermometer reads low, there is a contraction of peripheral vessels, an increase in pressure, an increase in pulse rate, an increase in blood flow and an increase in the rate of metabolic processes.

What is the result of environmental factors:

• The nervous system decreases its activity at high temperatures, while at low temperatures, on the contrary, excitability increases. Other body systems operate in a similar manner. They mainly depend on the reaction of metabolism, circulatory and nervous systems. However, it is necessary to consider the individual characteristics of the organism, as well as the degree, duration and speed of the temperature drop. A person's ability to acclimatize also plays a role: in some it is cooler, in others it is almost absent. In the process of life, people develop conditioned reflexes thermoregulation, which in the future are responsible for the stability of the body to air temperature;
• Air humidity is also important. This factor affects heat transfer, which, accordingly, affects the thermoregulation of the body. The movement of cold air cools the body, hot air heats it up;
• At the same time, the wind irritates the thermoreceptors on the skin. Depending on the strength of this phenomenon, it can cause negative or correct emotions;
• If the height of the terrain above the sea level is 200 m and higher, then the barometric pressure indicators change, to which the body reacts by changing blood circulation and hyperventilation of the lungs. The higher the terrain, the more powerful the reaction of the body. This increases the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in the blood. Being in an area with a pressure of 500-600 mm Hg. Art., low temperature, ultraviolet radiation provokes an acceleration of the metabolic process, which is occasionally quite effective in the presence of pathological processes. Traditionally healthy people do not react to small fluctuations in barometric pressure, but patients feel it as impossibly cool.

Seasonal fluctuations in the weather regime provoke a metamorphosis of physiological functions. The nervous system, metabolic processes, heat exchange, and endocrine glands react in a completely different way. A healthy person, due to adaptive physiological mechanisms, does not react to those, while the patient feels the changes keenly.

In the field of medicine, there are several types of microclimates that are capable of exerting a certain physiological power on the body, using all their components.

Changing the microclimate to the sea: health benefits

Such data suggest humidified, fresh, sea-salt-intensive air. The sea, its blue distance and slowly traveling waves invariably have a beneficial effect on the human nervous system.

The picturesque coast of the sea, especially the southern one, the reflected clear radiation, the absence of steep temperature drops - these factors normalize all body functions during the pathological process. The microclimate of the Crimea is a shining example. In addition, the processes of inhibition and excitability in the central nervous system are balanced.

Against the background of such conditions different types therapies have a greater effect on the course of metabolic and trophic processes. As a result, the pathological condition is eliminated. For example, the microclimate of the Crimea is impeccably suitable for health. At the same time, the trip will benefit not only the sick, but also absolutely healthy people - their adaptive functions will increase.

Change of microclimate to mountain: power for health

An exciting result appears when you are in a high mountainous area. This is facilitated by the low barometric pressure at great altitudes, steep changes in daytime and night temperature, Fresh air as well as the landscape. The increased excitability of the nervous system stimulates metabolic processes.

Low blood pressure enhances the hematopoietic functions of the bone marrow. These phenomena can be attributed to favorable stimuli. Going to the mountains is recommended for those who need to stimulate sluggish pathological processes.

At the same time, an increase in the metabolic rate balances the nervous processes, which stimulates the immune system. As a result, the body strengthens the fight against existing diseases.

The impact of the microclimate of the temperate zone on human health

The conditions of the steppes and forests are characterized by insignificant temperature fluctuations, moderate and stable humidity. These factors are excellent training for the body of healthy people. Patients are also advised to visit such an area, because the local regime will not cause damage.

The middle lane is characterized by a distinct change of seasons - winter, spring, summer and autumn. A change in weather conditions is certainly accompanied by a change in physiological reactions. Ultraviolet radiation is happy here, weather data is stable.

This allows the microclimate to be used for people with quite different pathologies. It will have an exceptionally excellent effect on those who suffer from mental and vascular diseases.

Desert climate and health

Hot air, plains covered with modest vegetation, burning dusty soil - these factors inherent in the desert microclimate provoke an overstrain of adaptation reactions. For the patient, such an arrangement is not invariably favorable.

For example, persistent dry and hot weather leads to the task of profuse sweating and a person can lose up to 10 liters of fluid per day. However, this method of dehydration, flowing through the skin, is used to treat people suffering from kidney disease.

Climate and human health in northern latitudes

Monotonous plains, sometimes covered with forests, lakes, winter cold, short, warm, damp summers - these factors are inherent in northern areas. Being here will be a wonderful workout for the body, because there is a tempering effect.

With an increase in heat generation, the rate of metabolic processes increases, the regulatory nervous mechanisms of the respiratory and vascular systems are activated, and this, in turn, has a beneficial effect on physiological functions. It is recommended to be treated in these latitudes for many patients, exclusively for the elderly.

What microclimate is better for health

Moving from one zone to another activates the human body, evokes favorable emotions, but only on condition that he is healthy. Rest from work, everyday life, change of air, metamorphosis of other environmental factors - all this has a great effect on the physical and sensitive state.

If you combine new climatic data with healing procedures aimed at eliminating a specific pathology, then the healing process will go much faster. But the exception is, first of all, people suffering from pathologies of the heart and blood vessels. For them, a sharp change in conditions makes it difficult to adapt.

However, in most cases, a trip to resorts in the above-mentioned zones for rest or treatment helps to enhance the physiological reactions of the body.

The weather regime is widely used in every zone for treatment and general strengthening when carrying out appropriate measures.

When traveling to distant countries, not everyone thinks that it may be fraught with some health complications. Long flights by plane, abrupt climate change, unusual food and water, “different” sun with a new level of ultraviolet radiation can have an adverse effect on the traveler's body.

The change in the state of the body with a sharp change in climate and environmental conditions is usually called "Acclimatization" , in which the general well-being worsens. Usually, such changes are temporary, while the body gradually adapts to new conditions.

Doctors consider several main factors of climate change that can affect the body:

• air temperature;
• humidity level;
• oxygen content in the air;
• the length of daylight hours;
• Timezone (match / non-match with the usual belt);
• weather;
• new composition of drinking water;
• new food products;
• the degree of ultraviolet radiation.

How does climate change affect the body?

A tourist who had to move to an area where weather and climatic conditions very different from those that are familiar to his body. Experts believe that the difference of 10-15 ° C is significant, but the most dangerous is coming to a country where the temperature level is much higher (or lower) than the temperature to which the body is accustomed.

According to experts, acclimatization represents several adaptive states of the body:

It should be noted that the time of the phase, symptoms and other consequences of climate change are always individual in nature. Most people easily tolerate acclimatization and do not observe any ailments in themselves.

Some may notice a deterioration in general well-being during the first days after flying to another country, while others suffer from acclimatization symptoms for more than one week. Doctors cannot answer with precision why all people endure the processes of adaptation of the body to new environmental conditions in different ways.

Perhaps an important role in this is played by:

• age,
• body endurance,
• current state of health,
• having a blood pressure problem and cardiovascular disease.

How to avoid the consequences of climate change?

To better endure a sharp climate change and avoid feeling unwell when traveling to distant countries, you need to adhere to the recommendations.

Special "equipment"

If you are traveling to a region with a hot climate, provide yourself and your companions with the necessary equipment that will help you avoid the effects of climate change and hot weather: be sure to bring a hat, sunscreen, Panthenol ointment for burns, and a bottle or thermos with water.

When moving to colder climates (eg Greenland, Iceland), also take care of warm clothes, spare wool socks, hats and scarves that will save you from the wind and cold. A thermos for hot tea will also be useful.

Avoiding alcohol in the early days

You should not drink alcoholic beverages and try unusual exotic dishes and products in the very first days of your stay in a foreign country. Your body is going through a difficult period after a sharp change in climate, so unusual food and alcohol will become an additional burden for it.

First aid kit is always with you

Not only in your suitcase, but also in the carry-on bag with which you will travel around the city, you should have all the necessary medicines and supplies that can help in an unexpected situation outside the hotel. If you plan to travel to rainforests, deserts or other excursions to wild places where there is no civilization nearby, it is important to first familiarize yourself with the possible risks and take with you everything that your guide or instructor advises.

When compiling a list for a "manual" first aid kit, it should also be borne in mind that in some countries a number of drugs may be prohibited for use without a doctor's prescription. Check out the list of such medicines before traveling abroad.

How to properly prepare for a sharp climate change?

Move to a new time in advance, but gradually. If the time zone difference is only 3-5 hours, you can easily afford to change your sleep and wake modes long before traveling. But it's best to do it gradually. Set the alarm for a new time, go to bed earlier (or later), try to eat in the new regime of the day, too. This will allow the body to move to the new time zone faster.

Climate is a long-term weather regime inherent in a particular area, one of the main characteristics of nature and geographic landscape. The climate is determined by the following factors: temperature and relative humidity air, atmospheric pressure, quantity sunny days in the year, by the strength and direction of the wind, the amount of precipitation, etc. Conditionally, you can distinguish two bands of tropical climate, two temperate and two cold. The weather conditions of a particular region depend not only on the climatic zone, but also on its geographic location... The further this or that area is removed from the sea, the more different the seasons there. This feature is noticeable in Central Europe - in the north dominates maritime climate, meanwhile, the climate in the Alps is completely different.

The impact of climate on humans

The weather conditions of a country or region greatly affect the lifestyle of the population. The climate depends on which residential buildings are being built in a particular region, what is the daily routine and appearance residents. The impact of climate on health can be extremely negative.

Climatic resorts

Climatic conditions can have an irritating, calming and tonic effect on a person. In many countries there are many climatic resorts. When choosing a resort, you should consult your doctor.

Climate fluctuations tire

In those regions where climate fluctuations are weak, the human body is exposed to less stress than in those where the difference between the seasons is felt very strongly. True, certain climatic factors can affect a person's health, for example, ultraviolet rays are necessary for normal bone growth.

The amount of heat given off by the body depends on the air temperature. At low ambient temperatures and inadequate protection of the body, a person can freeze. With very high temperature the environment in humans, sweating increases, thus, the body regulates body temperature. Sweating leads to a large loss of fluids, and this can adversely affect human health. On the high altitude due to too low pressure, the function of the labyrinth of the ear may be disrupted - dizziness occurs; if air with low oxygen content is inhaled, altitude sickness can develop.

Some people are very sensitive to weather changes. Of course, the weather in this case is not the true cause of the deterioration of health, but only one of the factors that cause this condition. Such ailments are divided into increased sensitivity to changes in the weather, manifested in a decrease in working capacity, and "meteorological stability", in which pains of a rheumatic or neuralgic nature arise. Comparative observations have shown that certain weather conditions can provoke the occurrence of certain diseases, deterioration of well-being and even death of patients suffering from certain diseases. When the warmth moves through the area atmospheric front, in patients suffering from diseases of the cardiovascular system, there is a deterioration in well-being. When the cold atmospheric front prevails, people suffer from colic and spasms.

Climate change of the planet

The assertions of old people that earlier the winter was colder and the summer was warmer are true. When burning coal, oil and natural gas a large amount of carbon dioxide is emitted, and therefore the Earth's climate becomes warmer. Meteorologists believe that this warming is strongly affecting the climate and health of the entire planet. It is assumed that the so-called "greenhouse" effect is the cause of many natural disasters. The destruction of the ozone layer, which filters Sun rays... Due to the increased level of ultraviolet radiation, the earth's surface will become warmer, which will entail a change in the temperature regime, the regime of winds and rains, and an increase in sea level.