Class hour car weapon of victory with presentation. Presentation - a weapon of the Great Patriotic War period. Maxim machine gun
Slide 1
Weapon of victory Large-scale fortress T-34 tank
The T-34 is a Soviet medium tank of the Great Patriotic War, produced in series since 1940, was the main tank of the Red Army until the first half of 1944, when it was replaced by the T-34-85 modification tank. The most massive medium tank of the Second World War. Developed by the design bureau of the tank department of the Kharkov plant number 183 under the leadership of MI Koshkin. The success of the project was predetermined by the use of the latest highly economical aircraft-type diesel engine: V-2, thanks to which the medium-thick-armored T-34 inherited from the light-thin-armored BT an unusually high power density, which ensured the absolute superiority of the T-34 in cross-country ability, maneuverability, mobility, as well as a weight reserve for modernization, taking into account the accumulated experience of combat use. From 1942 to 1945, the main large-scale production of the T-34 was deployed at powerful machine-building plants in the Urals and Siberia, and continued in post-war years... The latest modification (T-34-85) is in service with some countries to this day.
The T-34 tank had a huge impact on the outcome of the war and on further development world tank building. Due to the totality of its fighting qualities, the T-34 was recognized by many specialists and military experts as one of the best tanks World War II.
Slide 2
Weapon of victory BM-13 "Katyusha"
BM-13 - Soviet fighting machine rocket artillery during the Great Patriotic War, the most massive and famous Soviet combat vehicle (BM) of this class. In 1939-1941 it was created by the staff of the RNII I. I. Gvay, V. N. Galkovsky, A. P. Pavlenko, A. S. Popov. It is most widely known under the popular nickname "Katyusha". weapons of some countries to this day. The weapon is relatively simple, consisting of rail guides and their guidance device. For aiming, swivel and lifting mechanisms were provided and artillery sight... At the rear of the vehicle there were two jacks, which ensured greater stability when firing. One machine could accommodate from 14 to 48 guides. The body of the rocket (rocket) was a welded cylinder divided into three compartments - the warhead compartment, the engine compartment (combustion chamber with fuel) and the jet nozzle.
The RS-132 projectile for the BM-13 was 0.8 meters long, 132 mm in diameter and weighed 42.5 kg. Solid nitrocellulose was inside the plumage cylinder. Warhead weight - 22 kg. The explosive mass is 4.9 kg - "like six anti-tank grenades." The firing range is up to 8.5 km.
Slide 3
Weapon of Victory Machine Gun Maxim
In 1873, the American inventor Hiram Stevens Maxim (1840-1916) created the first model of automatic weapons - the Maxim machine gun. An automatic weapon based on automatic recoil of a barrel with a short stroke. As the shot is fired, the powder gases send the barrel back, setting in motion the reloading mechanism, which extracts the cartridge from the cloth tape, sends it to the breech and at the same time cocks the bolt. After firing the shot, the operation is repeated anew. The machine gun has an average rate of fire of 600 rounds per minute, and the combat rate of fire is 250-300 rounds per minute.
The Maxim machine gun was actively used by the Red Army in the Great Patriotic War. It was used by both infantry and mountain rifle detachments, as well as the navy. During the war, the combat capabilities of "Maxim" tried to increase not only the designers and manufacturers, but also directly in the troops. Soldiers often removed the armor shields from the machine gun, thereby trying to increase maneuverability and achieve less visibility. For camouflage, in addition to camouflage painting, covers were put on the casing and shield of the machine gun. V winter time"Maxim" was installed on skis, sledges or on a drag boat, from which they fired.
Slide 4
Weapon of victory Flying tank Sturmovik IL-2
Designer: S. V. Ilyushin. Produced during the war years: more than 36,000 copies of the Il-2 Sturmovik was developed at TsKB-57 under the leadership of Sergei Ilyushin. It was a machine specialized for attacking ground targets from a low altitude. The main design feature is the use of a carrying armored hull, which covered the pilot and the vital organs of the aircraft. The Il-2 armor not only protected against small-caliber shells and bullets, but also served as part of the power structure of the fuselage, due to which it was possible to achieve tangible weight savings. Until 1944, wood was widely used in the design of the IL-2 - while saving the scarce duralumin .. Throughout the war, the Ilys remained the main means of fighting German tanks... Their high efficiency was achieved through the use of cassettes with PTAB-2.5 bombs. Tiny bombs (Il-2 took four containers with 48 bombs) were dropped in one gulp on a cluster of equipment. The armor-piercing capability of the PTAB was about 70 mm, which was more than enough to hit the tank in the roof. There is an opinion that success in the Battle of Kursk was achieved largely due to the actions of attack aircraft: the Germans began to avoid the accumulation of their troops, and it was much more difficult to coordinate the work of dispersed units. The Germans called the Il-2 "concrete bomber".
Slide 5
Explosive Canned Victory Weapon
One of the wittiest and at the same time effective species weapon was the hand grenade RG-42. Its uniqueness lies in the fact that structurally the body of the grenade was an ordinary tin can of slightly modified dimensions. Only instead of condensed milk, a fragmentation shirt made of rolled thick steel tape with a notch and an explosive charge were placed in it. The fuse was a standard UZRG fuse, the production of which had already been put on stream. The production of RG-42 could be established at any canning factory. At the same time, the fighting qualities of the grenade were not at all inferior to more complex and expensive counterparts. In China, an analogue of the RG-42 is still being produced.
Slide 6
Weapon of victory "Gangster rapid fire" PPSh submachine gun
Designer: GS Shpagin Produced during the war years: about 6 million copies During the Second World War, submachine guns, automatic weapons that use a pistol cartridge were widely used. Submachine guns appeared in the 1920s and quickly gained popularity due to their efficiency and convenience. Initially, the Soviet Union was against the adoption of submachine guns: Stalin considered them a "bandit weapon" unworthy of the Red Army. However, the experience of the Winter War of 1939/40 dramatically changed the attitude towards this type of weapon, and already in 1940, the Degtyarev submachine gun PPD was adopted. This weapon uses one of the simplest and most reliable automation schemes - a free shutter. The shot takes place as follows: the shooter moves the bolt to the rear position, thus compressing the reciprocating mainspring. When the trigger is pressed, the spring pushes the bolt forward, at the same time sending the cartridge from the store and impaling the primer. An important advantage was the ease of disassembly and the ability to quickly replace any part.
Slide 7
Weapon of victory "People's Artillery" Divisional gun ZIS-3
Constructor: V.G. Grabin. Produced during the war: more than 103,000 copies The most massive artillery gun during the war was the ZIS-3 divisional gun designed by Vasily Grabin. Released in more than 103,000 copies, this gun has become a real masterpiece of manufacturability and reliability. Fire from the Grabin cannon could be fired with any Soviet 76.2 mm shells, which greatly facilitated the supply of artillery batteries. It should be admitted that the combat characteristics of the ZIS-3 were inferior to their foreign counterparts (in particular, the British 17-pounder cannon), but in terms of convenience and unpretentiousness, the Soviet cannon was unmatched. Given the low level of training of divisional artillerymen and harsh operating conditions, this was a very valuable advantage - even serious repairs could be carried out by calculation forces.
Slide 8
Weapon of victory "Baby"
The project of mini-submarines for the rapid strengthening of the Pacific Fleet - the main feature of the M-type boats was the possibility of transportation by rail in a fully assembled form. In pursuit of compactness, a lot had to be sacrificed - the service at Malyutka turned into a grueling and dangerous event. Heavy living conditions, strong "bumpiness" - the waves ruthlessly threw the 200-ton "float", risking breaking it to pieces. Shallow immersion and weak weapons. But the sailors' main concern was the reliability of the submarine - one shaft, one diesel engine, one electric motor - the tiny "Baby" left no chance for the careless crew, the slightest malfunction on board threatened the submarine with death. Despite their modest size and only 2 torpedoes on board, the tiny fish were simply terrifyingly "gluttonous": in just the years of World War II, Soviet M-type submarines sank 61 enemy ships with a total tonnage of 135.5 thousand brt, destroyed 10 warships, and also damaged 8 transports.
Weapons of Victory Cannons Assault rifles Tanks Katyushas 1941 - 1945 Completed by: Alexander Sidorkin Grade 8 Supervisor: Margarita V. Kulikova, computer science teacher, Moscow School of Education, Gymnasium No. 3 This presentation is built in the form of an electronic encyclopedia. It contains reference materials, videos, interviews with veterans recorded in the museum of our gymnasium. The presentation has a non-linear structure, so the transitions are made through links IL - 2, T - 34, BM - 13, MO - 4. For Soviet people of the older and middle generations, these combinations of letters and numbers are much more than a simple designation of the brands of aircraft, tanks, guns and ships. More, because in the 1418 days of the Great Patriotic War, of which each charter is prescribed to be counted as three, the life of Soviet soldiers and sailors innumerable times depended on the engines, armor and weapons of these combat vehicles, on the courage and skill of their crews and crews. By the beginning of World War II, the system of small arms of the Red Army as a whole corresponded to the conditions of that time and consisted of the following types of weapons: personal (pistol and revolver), individual weapons of rifle and cavalry units (magazine rifles and carbines, self-loading and automatic rifles), sniper weapons ( magazine and self-loading sniper rifles), individual weapons of machine gunners (submachine gun), collective weapons of rifle and cavalry squads and platoons (light machine gun), machine gun subunits (heavy machine guns), anti-aircraft small arms (quad machine gun mounts and large-caliber machine guns), small arms tanks (tank machine gun). In addition, they were armed with hand grenades and rifle grenade launchers. 7.62 mm pistol - machine gun mod. 1941 PPSh - 41 Shpagin SHPAGIN Georgy Semenovich 29 (17) .04.1897 - 6.02.1952 12.7 - mm heavy machine gun DShK - 38 Degtyarev - Shpagin 7, 62 - mm light machine gun mod. 1944 RPD Degtyarev 7.62 mm submachine gun mod. 1934 PPD-34 Degtyarev V.A. Degtyarev - an outstanding Soviet designer small arms anti-tank gun PTRD - 41 Degtyarev 7.62 - mm pistol mod. 1930 TT Tokarev 7.62 mm rifle AVT - 40 Tokarev 7.62 - mm rifle mod. 1938 SVT - 38 Tokarev F.V. Tokarev - inventor of the best pistol of the Second World War Vasily Alekseevich Degtyarev was born on December 21, 1879 in the city of Tula. In 1901 he was called up for military service. He served in the weapons workshop at the officers' rifle school in Oranienbaum. From 1905 he worked as a mechanic in a workshop at a weapons range. Under the leadership of Vladimir Grigorievich Fedorov, he began to manufacture a sample of the first Russian automatic rifle. This work was then continued at the Sestroretsk Arms Factory. In 1916 he invented and successfully tested an automatic carbine. Since 1918 Degtyarev headed the experimental workshop of the arms factory, and then the design and development bureau of automatic small arms, organized by V.G. Fedorov. In 1924, he began work on the creation of the first sample of the 7, 62-mm light machine gun, which was put into service in 1927 under the name DP (Infantry Degtyareva). On the basis of the light machine gun, the aircraft machine guns DA and DA - 2, the tank machine gun DT, and the company machine gun RP - 46 were then created. In 1934, the Degtyarev submachine gun PPD - 34 was adopted, which was later developed in the PPD - 38 and PPD - 40 models. In 1930, Degtyarev developed a 12.7 mm large-caliber machine gun DK, which after being improved by Georgy Semyonovich Shpagin in 1938 was named DShK. In 1939, the Degtyarev DS-39 heavy machine gun entered service. During the Great Patriotic War he developed and transferred to the troops a 14.5-mm anti-tank rifle PTRD and a light machine gun model 1944 (RPD) under the 7.62-mm cartridge mod. 1943 Vasily Alekseevich Degtyarev - four times winner of the Stalin Prize (1941, 1942, 1944, 1949). He was awarded three Orders of Lenin, Orders of Suvorov 1st and 2nd degree, the Order of the Red Banner of Labor, the Order of the Red Star and medals. Vasily Alekseevich Degtyarev (December 21, 1879, Tula - January 16, 1949, Moscow) - an outstanding Soviet designer of small arms, Hero of Socialist Labor, major general of the engineering and artillery service, four times winner of the USSR State Prize. Fedor Vasilyevich Tokarev (June 14, 1871 - June 7, 1968) - Soviet designer of small arms, Hero of Socialist Labor (1940), Doctor of Technical Sciences. In 1887, Fyodor Vasilyevich entered the Novocherkassk military and craft school, where he studied under the supervision of the gunsmith Chernolikhov. In 1891 Tokarev graduated from school with a specialty "gunsmith" and was sent to the 12th Cossack regiment as a gunsmith. After graduating from the cadet school (1900), he served in the same regiment as the head of weapons (in the rank of cornet). In 1907, being a student of courses at the Officer Rifle School in Oranienbaum, Tokarev saw the first automatic weapon. With his natural instinct, he immediately determined that this weapon was destined to play an outstanding role, and he really wanted to start designing such systems. In 1908 Tokarev presented the first sample of an automatic rifle based on the Mosin magazine rifle. 1891 Automation operated on the principle of recoil with a short stroke. The artillery committee approved the system, and Tokarev received the War Ministry award. In 1927 Fyodor Vasilyevich developed the first domestic pistol - a machine gun (automatic) for a revolver cartridge. In 1930, the Tokarev self-loading pistol (TT) entered service, and in 1938 the Tokarev self-loading rifle (SVT - 38, later SVT - 40). The TT pistol (Tula - Tokarev) was the best pistol of the Second World War. The Tula-Tokarev pistol of the 1933 model is still phenomenally popular all over the world. In 1940, the designer developed a sniper rifle with a telescopic sight and a high-speed automatic rifle. Automatic weapons invented and manufactured by F.V. Tokarev favorably differed from others created in our country and abroad. Lightweight and easy to operate, it did not have a malfunction, and allowed soldiers to use it in sniper shooting. Tokarev's merit was that he was the first of the Soviet designers to provide the army with an automatic rifle and an automatic machine gun, paving the way for the further development of the design thought of gunsmiths with his work. The role of F.V. Tokarev in the development of automatic pistols is also great. His famous "TT" was tested in many battles and was successfully used in the army for several decades. Pistols - Shpagin's machine guns, along with the famous ZIS-3 Grabin cannons, the famous Koshkin T-34 tanks and the legendary Katyushas were the most popular and beloved weapon by Soviet soldiers during the Great Patriotic War. Georgy Semenovich Shpagin was born in 1897 in the village. Klyuchnikovo of the Kovrovsky district of the Vladimir province in a peasant family. In 1916, Shpagin was drafted into the army, he did not end up in combat units, but was assigned to an infantry regiment as a gunsmith. Being inquisitive, Shpagin quickly studied the Nagan revolver, Mosin's three-line rifle, the Maxim machine gun, and light machine guns of foreign systems. Skillful hands, ingenuity and initiative of the young gunsmith contributed to the fact that a year later he was transferred to the army artillery workshops. His first developments include the design of a ball mount for a coaxial 6.5-mm Fedorov-Ivanov tank machine gun. This work served as the basis for Shpagin's subsequent creation of a ball mount for attaching a 7.62-mm DT tank machine gun in tanks, armored vehicles, and armored platforms. In 1924 - 1926. Shpagin worked actively with Degtyarev on the creation of a light machine gun. Since that time, Shpagin has been entrusted with the development of critical units and new systems of automatic small arms. In 1931, Degtyarev recruited Shpagin to work on the design of his large-caliber machine gun DK - 32. The Red Army and the Navy received a truly effective and very effective tool in 1938 military air defense under the name "12.7 - mm heavy machine gun Degtyarev - Shpagin model 1938" The new machine gun immediately received an excellent rating among the troops. Georgy Semenovich for his successes in creating new types of weapons and military equipment he is awarded the first state award - the Order of the Red Star. Soon he creates the famous pistol - the PPSh machine gun, which has become a symbol Soviet weapons times of the Great Patriotic War. In September 1940, Shpagin presented to the GAU Artkom an original pistol - a machine gun, striking in its simplicity and elementary design. In this submachine gun, new design solutions were applied, which in many respects improved its operational characteristics. Along with this, Shpagin managed to achieve exceptionally high production and economic indicators of the new weapon. First of all, this concerned a significant reduction in labor costs for its production. For the manufacture of the Shpagin submachine gun, 13.9 kg of metal and from 5.6 to 7.3 - 7.8 (depending on the production capacity) machine tool hours were spent. SHPAGIN Georgy Semenovich 29 (17) .04.1897 - 6.02.1952 In the harsh years of the war, the Shpagin submachine gun was the most loyal friend for our soldiers and a ruthless weapon for destroying enemies.Artillery is one of the three oldest combat arms, the main striking force of the ground forces of modern armies. Artillery has a diverse classification according to its combat mission, types of weapons systems and organizational and staff structure. Talented artillery designers V.G. Grabin, F.F.Petrov, I.I. Ivanov and many others during the war created new, perfect models of artillery weapons. The design work was carried out at the factories as well. During the war, factories produced many prototypes of artillery weapons; a significant part of them went into mass production. 2.3. Several seconds of the war. On June 1, 1941, the Red Army's tank fleet numbered 23. 106 tanks, of which 18 are combat-ready. 691 or 80.9%. In five border military districts (Leningrad, Baltic, Western Special, Kiev Special, and Odessa) there were 12. 782 tanks, including 10 combat-ready. 540 or 82, 5% (repair, therefore, required 2,242 tanks). Most of the tanks (11.029) were part of twenty mechanized corps (the rest were part of some rifle, cavalry and individual tank units). From May 31 to June 22, these districts received 41 KB, 138 T - 34 and 27 T - 40, that is, another 206 tanks, which brought their total number to 12. 988. These were mainly T - 26 and BT. The new KB and T - 34 were 549 and 1. 105, respectively. On June 22 and 23, the 3rd, 6th, 11th, 12th, 14th and 22nd mechanized corps of the Red Army entered heavy battles in the area of Shauliai, Grodno and Brest. A little later, eight more mechanized corps went into battle. Our tankers not only defended, but also counterattacked. From 23 to 29 June in the area of Lutsk - Rovno - Brody they fought a fierce oncoming tank battle against the 1st tank group of General E. Kleist. On the left, the 9th and 19th mechanized corps hit it from the direction of Lutsk, and the 8th and 15th mechanized corps from the south of Brody. Thousands of tanks took part in the battle. The T - 34 and KB of the 8th Mechanized Corps were badly battered by the German 3rd Motorized Corps. And although the counterattack of the set goal (to throw the enemy over the state border) did not reach, the enemy's offensive was slowed down. He suffered heavy losses - by July 10, they amounted to 41% of the initial number of tanks. But the enemy was advancing, the destroyed tanks remained in his hands, and the very efficient repair units of the Germans quickly put them back into operation. Our knocked out or left without fuel and blown up by the crews remained in the hands of the enemy. Although by the beginning of the Great Patriotic War combat missiles were far from a novelty in military affairs, their first appearance at the front was a surprise not only for the Nazis, but also for Soviet soldiers and officers. The weapon is relatively simple, consisting of guide rails and a guide rail. The rocket was a welded cylinder, divided into three compartments - a warhead, a fuel and a jet nozzle. One machine could accommodate from 14 to 48 guides. The RS - 132 projectile for the BM - 13 was 1.8 m long, 132 mm in diameter and weighed 42.5 kg. was inside the cylinder with plumage. Warhead weight - 22 kg. Solid nitrocellulose. Range - 8.5 km. The M - 31 projectile for installing the BM - 31 was 310 mm in diameter, it weighed 92.4 kg and contained 28.9 kg of explosives. Range - 13 km; duration of a salvo for BM - 13 (16 shells) - 7 - 10 seconds, for BM - 8 (24 - 48 shells) - 8 - 10 seconds; loading time - 5 - 10 minutes; for BM - 31 - 21 (12 guides) - 7 - 10 sec. and 10-15 minutes. The production of BM - 13 units was organized at the Voronezh plant named after V.I. Comintern and at the Moscow plant "Compressor". One of the main enterprises for the production of rockets was the Moscow plant. Vladimir Ilyich. During the war, various versions of a rocket and launchers were created: BM 13 - CH (with spiral guides, which significantly increased the accuracy of fire), BM 8 - 48, BM 31 - 12, etc. No country in the world had an aircraft, equal to the Il - 2 in terms of combat qualities, and not a single aircraft in the world was built in such quantity as the Il - 2. This aircraft went through the entire war from the first to last day ... The need for attack aircraft was greater than for any other aircraft, and if in the first half of 1941 249 "silts" were fired, then in total during the war years 40 thousand Ilyushin attack aircraft arrived at the front, which since the beginning of 1944 accounted for one third of all combat aircraft of the Soviet aviation. IL - 2 aircraft designer Sergei Vladi Mirovich Ilya Shin (1894 - 1977) The Il - 2 losses in the initial period of the Great Patriotic War were very high. Part of the reason for these large losses has to be recognized as the design flaws of the aircraft. Despite all its flaws, the Il - 2 was in 1941 the only aircraft successfully operating against the advancing German units, especially armored ones. In theory, the Il - 2 had an alternative. Usually called the armored attack aircraft P.O. Sukhoi - Su - 6, which in many respects surpassed the Ilyushin aircraft. But the prototype of the two-seater version of the Su - 6 attack aircraft was tested only in the fall of 1943. Its real combat advantages were not obvious, and the limited production capabilities of the Soviet aircraft industry during the war did not allow another attack aircraft to be put into production without reducing the production of another. Therefore, the Su - 6 did not enter the series. Maybe it was a mistake. In the Soviet Army from 1919, first an aircraft mechanic, then a military commissar, and from 1921 the head of an aircraft repair train. Graduated from the Air Force Academy. prof. N.E. Zhukovsky (1926; nowadays VVIA). During his studies at the academy, he built three gliders. After graduating from the academy, the head of the section of the scientific and technical committee of the Air Force. Then he worked at the Air Force research airfield. Since 1931, the head of the Central Design Bureau of TsAGI. In 1933 he headed the Central Design Bureau at the Moscow plant named after V.R. Menzhinsky, which later became the Ilyushin Design Bureau, whose activities were associated with the development of assault, bomber, passenger and transport aviation. Since 1935 Ilyushin was the chief designer, in 1956 - 70 - the general designer. He created his own school in aircraft construction. Under his leadership, the serially built Il - 2, Il - 10 attack aircraft, Il - 4, Il - 28 bombers, Il - 12, Il - 14, Il - 18, Il - 62 passenger aircraft, as well as a number of experimental and experimental aircraft were created. Ilyushin's attack aircraft during the Vel. World War II formed the basis of Soviet ground attack aviation as a new type of aviation, closely cooperating with ground forces. Il - 2 - one of the mass aircraft of the war period. Sergei Vladimirovich Ilya Shin (1894 - 1977) Soviet aircraft designer, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Colonel General of the Engineering and Technical Service, three times Hero of Socialist Labor (1941, 1957, 1974). THE USSR. A few minutes next to the workers In the class of the defense circle. Actors of the Moscow Maly Theater are studying Degtyarev's machine gun. September 1941 During the war, 6 new and 3 modernized models of small arms, 7 samples of grenades were adopted. Tests of new samples took place not only at the scientific and testing range of small arms and mortar weapons in Shchurovo and at the training range of the "Shot" courses, but also directly at the fronts. Major scientists and engineers were attracted to work in the bodies of the State Defense Committee and the NKV. They replaced those who had gone to the front. Leningrad. In total, during the war years, Soviet industry produced about 13 million rifles, 6, 1 million pistols - machine guns, 1.7 million pistols and revolvers, 1.5 million machine guns of all types, 471, 8 thousand anti-tank rifles. For comparison - in Germany during the same period, 8, 5 million rifles and carbines, 1 million pistols - machine guns, 1 million machine guns were produced. During the war, we called submachine guns "submachine guns", and so far this inaccuracy in the name often causes confusion. The role of the main automatic weapon of the Second World War was taken by the submachine gun, in general, by accident: being considered an auxiliary weapon before the war, during it it turned out to be the simplest and most affordable means of increasing the density of fire. The 1942 Infantry Combat Regulations (BUP - 42), which embodied the experience of the war, read: "Fire, maneuver and hand-to-hand combat are the main methods of infantry action." The infantry sought fire superiority over the enemy primarily by increasing the density of rifle and machine-gun fire and mortar fire. If in August 1941 the German infantry division outnumbered the Soviet rifle division in the total number of pistols - machine guns and machine guns three times, and in mortars - twice (having, moreover, 1.55 times more personnel), then by the beginning of 1943 this number roughly equal. At the beginning of 1945, the usual Soviet rifle division was approximately twice as large as the German infantry division both in pistols - machine guns and machine guns, and in mortars, with an approximately equal number of personnel for the Soviet machine gunner. As the battle became more mobile, the infantry was expected to be more mobile. It is no coincidence that, since the beginning of 1942, demands have been made to facilitate various types of small arms. December 21, 1940 adopted the "pistol - machine gun mod. 1941 Shpagin (PPSh - 41) ". In addition to the widespread use of cold stamping and spot welding, PPSh was distinguished by a very small number of threaded connections and press fits. The weapon turned out to be outwardly rough, but the reduction in labor intensity, metal consumption and time made it possible to quickly replenish the loss and increase the saturation of troops with automatic weapons. If in the second half of 1941 submachine guns accounted for about 46% of all automatic weapons produced, then in the first half of 1942 - already 80%. By the beginning of 1944, the active units of the Red Army had 26 times more pistols - machine guns than at the beginning of 1942. The machine gunner is the son of a regiment with the legendary PPSh Anti-aircraft gunners in the defense of Moscow. In the background you can see the building of the "Government House" on the street. Serafimovich. An anti-aircraft gun on one of the buildings on Gorky Street in Moscow. 1941 Soviet troops used 76, 2-mm anti-aircraft guns and 37-mm automatic cannons Moscow to defend against enemy air raids. Antiaircraft gun on Commune Square near the Red Army Theater. 1941 Howitzers at the firing line. August 1944 In 1943, the Nazi command, planning an offensive on the Kursk Bulge, pinned great hopes on the use of new heavy tanks "Panther" and "Tiger", as well as self-propelled artillery installations "Ferdinand". In response to this, in the spring of 1943, the TsAKB design team launched work on the creation of a 100-mm anti-tank gun. The 100 mm field gun they created had good tactical and technical characteristics: firing range - 20650 m, direct firing range - 1080 m, the armor-piercing projectile, due to its high muzzle velocity (895 m / s) at a distance of 500 m, penetrated armor up to 160 mm thick, and at 2000 m up to 125 mm, and on May 7, 1944, the gun was put into service under the name "100 mm BS - 3 arr. 1944 field gun". German rocket mortar 15 - cm - Nebelwerfer 41. German heavy siege weapon shelling Leningrad. The capture of the village by a Nazi military unit. Self-propelled artillery mounts are on the way. Victory parade. June 24, 1945 Soviet tanks on the streets of Berlin. Soviet soldiers often made various inscriptions on the military equipment entrusted to them. Tank column "Dimitry Donskoy", built at the expense of believers. 1943 German heavy tanks knocked out by Soviet soldiers. Guards mortars at the Victory Parade Soviet industry in July 1941 - December 1944 manufactured about 30 thousand Katyusha combat vehicles and over 12 million pieces of rockets for them (of all calibers). The first vehicles were manufactured on the basis of domestic chassis (only about 600 pieces - almost all, with the exception of units, were destroyed in battles), after the start of "Lend - Lease" deliveries, the main chassis for BM - 13 (BM - 13 N) became an American truck "Studebacker" (US 6) - about 20 thousand. cars were supplied by the USA for our "fighting girl". BM - 13 - a combat vehicle with shells of 13 cm caliber - could fire 16 shells within 15 - 20 seconds at a firing range of 8 - 8.5 km. If the same task is set for barreled artillery, 16 guns will be needed, the total weight of which is ten times the weight of one automobile launcher. The speed of the BM - 13 on a good road reached 50 - 60 km / h. Only 1 - 2 minutes were required for its transition from traveling to combat position. It took 3-5 minutes to reload after a volley, so in an hour one combat vehicle could make 10 volleys and fire 160 shells. Soldiers load Katyusha The rocket launcher was originally installed until 1943 on ZiS trucks, which, according to the military's characteristics, were poorly controlled and poorly passable - due to one driving axle! Therefore, cars got stuck in a muddy road, and often went out of order, with which large losses of cars were associated: out of 30,000 vehicles produced, 20,000 died during the entire war or were blown up by their crews - or captured by the Wehrmacht and the SS! After the start of lend - lease deliveries of the Studebaker brand trucks, the car became more or less passable ... weapons - rocket mortars ("Katyusha") In the picture ... Rocket mortar - the legendary "Katyusha. Mortar on the square Preparing for takeoff The very first days of the war showed that the Il - 2 was the best and most needed aircraft for the ground forces.In April 1942, by the resolution of the Council of People's Commissars, S. Ilyushin was awarded the State Prize for the same aircraft - Il - 2 for the second time. it looks like a “flying tank.” The appearance of the IL - 2 on Eastern Front was a big surprise for the Germans, but the German fighter pilots quickly studied the weaknesses of the Ilyushin attack aircraft and learned how to deal with it. Attacking the Il - 2, they came from behind from the side and from above, and from close (up to 50 m) distances they shot it with all available weapons with complete impunity, trying to get into the engine, pilot or gas tank unprotected from above. However, at such a distance, even the armor could no longer protect either the aircraft or the pilot, and the poor view back and the absence of a rear gunner from the single Il - 2 allowed German fighters to easily take an advantageous position for an attack. It must be said that the Il - 2 armored hull was designed only for "sliding" strikes from fighter weapons. And in this case, the armor significantly increased the survivability of the attack aircraft compared to aircraft with conventional duralumin sheathing.
Slide 2
History
In the weapons system of any army, small arms have been and continue to be the most massive of all weapons. The issue of improving small arms in our country, especially in Soviet time, has been and is receiving great attention. Domestic small arms withstood a severe test during the Great Patriotic War. The high combat qualities of Soviet weapons were recognized by all our opponents. For example, the fascist leadership even demanded that their gunsmiths surpass the rate of fire of the Soviet air machine gun. However, 1800 rounds per minute remained an unattainable target for German designers.
Slide 3
History
The most productive year for new designs was 1943 - the year of a radical turning point in the Great Patriotic War. Our army has finally secured the strategic initiative in its hands. "Soviet weapons, created by Soviet designers, made by Soviet workers, at Soviet factories, from Soviet material," said the participant Battle of Stalingrad, Hero of the Soviet Union Ya. F. Pavlov - the best in the world. It is infinitely dear to the heart of every soldier of our army ... "
Slide 4
Revolver revolver system
An important feature the revolver was pushing before the shot of the drum with cartridges on the breech of the barrel, which eliminated the breakthrough of powder gases between the barrel and the drum.
Slide 5
Maxim machine gun
Legendary weapon civil and World War II. After the Russian-Japanese war of 1904-1905, the design of the machine gun was improved by the Tula gunsmiths P.P. Tretyakov and I.A.Pastukhov.
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Degtyarev light machine gun
The RPD was the first Soviet serial machine gun for a new cartridge adopted in 1943, which occupied a position between the pistol and rifle in terms of power.
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Automatic rifle of the Simonov system and self-loading rifle of the Tokarev system
When automatic firing from ABC, a blade bayonet was used as an additional support, which rotated 90 ° with respect to the axis of the barrel. In 1938, in the USSR, the next competitive tests of self-loading rifles took place, in which the weapon of F.V. Tokarev won.
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Degtyarev submachine gun and Shpagin submachine gun
The PPD was an improved version of V. A. Degtyarev's submachine guns of the 1934 and 1934/38 model. The PPSh had a simple design and high reliability. This is the most massive sample of automatic weapons during the Great Patriotic War.
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Magazine rifle 1891/30
Created as a result of modernization of the famous three-line rifle S. I. Mosin model 1891. In 1924-1927, significant changes were made to the design of the three-ruler, expressed in the installation of a new sector sight, spring stock rings, a needle bayonet with a stronger spring latch and a simplified chamber chamber.
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Heavy machine gun of the degtyarev system - shpagin
As a powerful firepower for infantry, the DShK was intended to destroy air and lightly armored targets, machine-gun nests and anti-tank artillery enemy.
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Rapid-fire aircraft machine gun of the spit and komaritsky system
This machine gun was used on all pre-war combat aircraft and many machines during the Great Patriotic War. In terms of its rate of fire, the ShKAS was superior to all foreign aircraft machine guns.
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Goryunov system machine gun
In May 1943, the SG-43 replaced the Maxima machine gun of the 1910 model. It was distinguished by the reliability of automation and was reliable in the most extreme conditions battle.
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Dragunov self-loading sniper rifle
Developed in 1958-1962. To hit targets, the rifle is supplied optical sight PSO-1.
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PM and APS
A special feature of the APS is its ability to fire bursts. APS is much more effective and reliable, for example, the German M-712 M-712 model of 1932 - a pistol of a similar class. PM is in service with officers of the Soviet Armed Forces as a weapon of self-defense. Compared to the TT pistol, it has a higher rate of fire due to the use of a self-cocking trigger.
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The presentation was made by students of grade 10 "B": Antonyuk Dmitry and Dzyurich Ilya
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Infantry weapon
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This famous rifle served faithfully from 1891 to 1960. During the war years, 12 million of these rifles were produced. Rifle S.I. Mosin
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Military films usually show PPSh - 41 with a disk magazine. Decipher the acronym. Shpagin submachine gun, 1941 model
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M.I. Puzyrev designed the RPG-41 in 1941, which penetrated 25 mm armor. Name this weapon. Anti-tank grenade
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For light machine guns, the "survivability" of 10 thousand shots was considered normal, the "survivability" of this weapon was 75-100 thousand shots. Name the machine gun. Degtyarev light machine gun
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This easel machine gun was invented back in 1883 by an American engineer, however, this weapon came in handy during the Great Patriotic War. Filled with 250 rounds of tape, the machine gun aimed at 2.5 kilometers, making up to 300 rounds per minute. Easel machine gun "Maxim"
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Artillery
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On July 14, 1941, a salvo of a BM-13 rocket artillery combat vehicle rang out across German echelons at the Orsha railway station in Belarus. The soldiers affectionately called this weapon ... "Katyusha"
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When the head of the artillery department of the Krupp company examined the 76 mm ZIS - 3 cannon, he exclaimed: "This is a real Masterpiece!" How many shots with a firing range of 13 kilometers could this gun of designer V.I. Grabin? 25 rounds per minute
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This gun is designed for mounted shooting at open targets, therefore, in the combat position of this gun, the barrel is raised up. What is the name of this weapon? Howitzer
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By the end of World War II, it was this weapon (for example, MT - 13) that became one of the main types of artillery. Mortars
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Personal weapons of the commanders of the Red Army
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By the beginning of the war, this revolver was the personal weapon of most of the commanders of the Soviet army. Its creator is the Belgian designer and gunsmith Leo Nagant. Name the revolver. Revolver
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In the 1920s, pistols were tested at firing ranges: German - "Parabellum" and "Volt", American - "Browning" and several Russians. The TT pistol was recognized as the best. Name the constructor. Tokarev pistol
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The most powerful tank of the Second World War is considered this heavy tank, through and through the armor of the fascist "Panther". Named after the leader of the USSR. IS - 2
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The KV - 1 heavy tank was named after the first marshal of the Soviet Union. Name the marshal. Kliment Efremovich Voroshilov
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Which tank has thicker armor: T - 34 - 85, Tiger or Panther? T - 34 - 85 "Panther" "Tiger" 90 mm. 80 mm. 100 mm.
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Heavy tank KV -1 designed by Zh.Ya. Kotin was called a fortress on caterpillars. The tank moved at a speed of 35 km / h and could pass 250 km without refueling, sweeping away everything in its path. How many people were the crew of this tank? 5 people
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48 - kilogram shells of SU - 152 tore down the towers of "Tigers" and "Panthers", for which the soldiers called her "St. John's Hunter". Name the combat vehicle. Self-propelled installation
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Cars
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Most often, this particular car was encountered on military roads - GAZ - AA and GAZ - OM - V. What were they called in everyday life? Lorry
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The legendary Katyusha rocket launchers were on this tractor. ZIS - 6
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The light all-terrain vehicle GAZ - 64/67 was created by the designer… V.А. Grachev
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It was these vehicles that were used for reconnaissance and fire support for the infantry. Armored cars
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In 1936, I-16 fighters were sent to help Spain. Pilots appreciated them for their maneuverability and amazing survivability. Name the designer of these planes. N.P. Polikarpov
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What famous pilot tested I-16 aircraft Valery Chkalov
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In the spring of 1944 German command It was forced to send an order to its pilots: when meeting with this new Soviet fighter, they should evade the battle. fighter Yak - 3
Weapon of Victory. Weapon Great Victory in the Great Patriotic War years. Compiled by: AE Isin KGKP "ESTK". Pavlodar region.
7.62 mm (3-line) rifle, model 1891, Mosin rifle, three-line - magazine rifle, put into service Russian army in 1891. It was actively used from 1891 until the end of the Great Patriotic War. The name of the three-line comes from the caliber of the rifle barrel, which is equal to three Russian lines, that is, 7.62 mm. Russian smokeless powder of satisfactory quality was obtained in 1889 thanks to the successful experiments of Mendeleev. In the same year, Colonel Rogovtsev developed a 7.62 mm cartridge. In 1932, the serial production of the sniper rifle arr. 1891/30 In total, pieces of sniper rifles were produced, they were used during the Soviet-Finnish and Great Patriotic War and have established themselves as a reliable and effective weapon. Currently sniper rifles Mosin's are of collectible value (especially the "personalized" rifles, which were awarded to the best Soviet snipers). The last version of the rifle was the carbine model of the year, which was distinguished by the presence of a non-removable needle bayonet and a simplified manufacturing technology. The shortening of infantry weapons was an urgent requirement put forward by the experience of the Second World War. The carbine made it possible to increase the maneuverability of the infantry and other types of troops, since it became more convenient to fight with it in various earthen fortifications, buildings, dense thickets, etc., and its fighting qualities both in fire and in bayonet combat compared to a rifle practically did not decrease.
In 1943, in the occupied territory of Belarus, a railway engineer Shavgulidze developed the design of a 45-mm rifle grenade launcher, in total, in the years, in the workshops of the Minsk partisan formation, Soviet partisans manufactured 120 rifle grenade launchers of the Shavgulidze system, which were installed on the Mosin rifles. Production of the main rifle arr. 1891/30 was discontinued in early 1945.
The Tsukerman system bottle thrower - a rifle grenade launcher - a bottle thrower designed by V.A. Tsukerman, invented and put into production in July 1942. Intended for throwing bottles with flammable liquid "KS". The weapon was used mainly in defense besieged Leningrad... The tests were carried out on July 14 - August 1942 at the "Shot" course. A small batch entered service with the troops. The shooting of bottles from this mortar was carried out with a regular blank cartridge, or with a self-empty live cartridge from a Mosin rifle. The Zuckerman system bottle thrower is a muzzle-loading system. Mortar was attached to the barrel bayonet connection... A bottle with a self-igniting combustible mixture "KS" embedded in it was supported through a wooden wad on a perforated membrane, the shot was fired with a blank (throwing) cartridge. Shooting was carried out with the butt resting on the ground or shoulder. Range aimed shooting the bottle was indicated at 80 m, the maximum m. The bottle-thrower was serviced by a crew of two people: a gunner and a loader. The gunner's duties included: carrying and installing the bottle thrower, aiming at the target and shooting. The loader carried the ammunition of the bottles with the KS mixture, assisted in the installation and aiming of the bottle launcher, and charged the mortar with a bottle.
DP (Degtyareva Infantry) - a light machine gun developed by V. A. Degtyarev. On December 21, 1927, the machine gun was adopted by the Red Army. DP became one of the first samples of small arms created in the USSR. The machine gun was massively used as the main weapon of fire support for the infantry of the platoon squadron until the end of the Great Patriotic War.
Anti-tank rifles of the Red Army during the period.
Anti-tank rifle - "PRTS".
Anti-tank rifle - "PTRD".
Anti-tank rifle - "BOYSA".
Revolver Nagant arr of the year (Belgium - Russia).
Pistol mod g. (TT, Tula, Tokareva).
RGD-33 (Dyakonov's hand grenade model of the year).
Anti-tank hand grenades RPG-40, RPG-41 and RPG anti-tank hand grenade RPG, 3 - offensive hand grenade RG - 42, first issues and the main serial sample 4 - anti-tank grenade RPG - 41 ("Voroshilovsky kilogram")
RPG-6 - hand-held anti-tank grenade of directional impact, designed to destroy armored vehicles, its crew, weapons and equipment, ignite fuel and ammunition. With the advent of heavy tanks "Tiger", "Panther", as well as self-propelled artillery installations of the "Ferdinand" type with frontal armor of mm or more (side armor was mm), it became necessary to create more powerful anti-tank weapons, including grenades ...
Katyusha is the unofficial name of the barrelless field rocket artillery systems that appeared during the Great Patriotic War (primarily and initially - BM-13, and later also BM-8, BM-31 and others). Such installations were actively used Armed Forces USSR during the Great Patriotic War. Rocket projectile RS-132 caliber 132 mm and a launcher based on truck ZIS-6 BM-13 were put into service on June 21, 1941; It was this type of combat vehicles that received the nickname "Katyusha" for the first time. The first volley of the Katyusha battery on the Leningrad Front was fired on August 3, 1941, near Kingisepp (battery commander Senior Lieutenant P. N. Degtyarev). Since the spring of 1942, the rocket mortar was installed mainly on British and American four-wheel drive chassis imported under Lend-Lease. The most famous of these was the Studebaker US6. During the Great Patriotic War, a significant number of variants of RS projectiles and launchers for them were created; In total, Soviet industry during the war years produced more combat vehicles of rocket artillery.
