G naryn kyrgyzstan. The origin of place names. And the cemeteries are incredible
Trip to Naryn
Once I happened to visit Naryn for a day. It took five hours to get to the place, six hours walking around the city and five hours on the way back. I have long been eager to visit that place, as I heard that in Naryn you can still see yurts on pastures. I could hardly believe that I would see them, but when green pastures with yurts that looked like tiny mushrooms in the fields stretched out in front of me, I was seized with great excitement.
In this city I met Turgan, whom Almagul, an employee of the Taalim Fund Forum, recommended to me. We agreed to meet at the Gallery, located in the center of the city and founded by the previous governor. I can't say anything bad about her. It is a well-organized provincial gallery, with an unusually varied and interesting collection. Turgan told us about some of the portraits and introduced us to the works of famous Kyrgyz artists. I also saw the work of several Tajik artists. She then invited us to an early lunch, inviting us to sample their local dish, Bish Barmak. As far as I know, meat in Naryn is considered special for its freshness and environmental friendliness.
Turgan briefly talked about her life and admitted that cinema is her longtime hobby and that she always dreamed of becoming a director. However, unexpected turns of events happen in life, and she gave up her only opportunity to go to Moscow and unlearn to become a film director; she then studied at the medical school and decided to stay in Naryn to become a gynecologist. She believes that the beauty lies in giving people gifts, and what could be better than a newborn baby. In addition, for many years she has been involved in other social issues such as bride kidnapping, as well as other marital problems in society. She founded an NGO to defend women's rights. She is an extremely socially active person and has a sincere interest in art. She was very intrigued when I told her about our artist programs at art residencies. She even expressed a desire to travel to Dushanbe to meet the students and start writing projects.
After our meeting, I took a walk through the gray and gloomy-looking city. I think the weather also influenced my perception. The sky was thickly covered with clouds, it was raining. On both sides of the central street of the city, like a fence, there are low and silent mountains. And I suddenly remembered that I was at an altitude of 300 meters above sea level. I expected that this would make me uncomfortable, but it did not happen. The city is home to the Aga Khan University, which has been offering courses for many years and is currently building a campus.
My next meeting took place at the university itself. Asel, who works at this university, showed me the new office building with its excellent library and well-equipped presentation room. We sat down in the library to continue our conversation. It turned out that Asel was originally from Bishkek and moved to Naryn when her husband got a job here. She said a lot of good things about the city. She claims that over the past few years the city has changed into the better side and young people are hoping to find jobs in one of the many companies that have opened branches in the city. Still, I could not catch this positive spirit, but perhaps because I spent too little time there.
I wanted to come back here because of Kubatbek, a history teacher at the National University. He and his colleague, an art critic, met me, and we briefly discussed the concept of an artist in art residences. Kubatbek especially liked the fact that the underlying idea of \u200b\u200bthe artist in art residences is directed towards micro-narrative, local and individual stories. He himself is interested in the history of Kyrgyzstan in the 1920s-1930s, a significant period of early Soviet influence.
written by Adrienn Hruska
translated by Sukhrob Mirzoaliev
FACTS SHEET of NARYN
Naryn city located at an altitude of 2500 m above sea level, it is a regional and regional cultural and administrative center, here is the Naryn State University, the Museum of Local Lore and the Academic Musical Drama and National Theater "Manas Ruhu".
It is home to about 47,000 inhabitants. For guests of the city it will be interesting to observe the numbing alpine landscape surrounding the city. Naryn is called the gateway to China. Of interest is the cultural wealth and hospitality of Naryn residents.
Since 1927, the city has been the administrative center of the Naryn region and district. The history of the city's origins goes back centuries; it was built near the fortification that stood on the trade route to Kashgar.
The city is located in the eastern part of the Middle Naryn Valley at an altitude of 2020-2040 meters above sea level at the foot of Naryn-Too. The main part of the territory is stretched out in a narrow strip along the southern bank of the Naryn River, with the exception of a small eastern part of the city passing to the northern bank. The Balykchy railway station is located 180 km to the south. The distance to the "Torugart" checkpoint on the border with the PRC is 186 km. The area as of 11/01/1989 was 4051 hectares.
Climate sharply continental, arid. Winter is cold, lasting 145-165 days. average temperature January - 17 ° С, sometimes up to -25 ° -38 ° С. Summers are dry and moderately warm. The average July temperature is + 18 ° С. Average annual precipitation is 250-300 mm.
In the city are located public and economic organizations serving districts and regions, as well as regional and district administrative structures of ministries and departments. The Torugart customs office is located here.
There are travel agencies and hotels in the city such as: "Heavenly Mountains", "Ala-Too," Kerme-Too, recreation area "Salkyn-Tor" with a hotel complex. The free economic zone "Naryn" also belongs to the city.
Complex "Tash-Rabat" - a historical and cultural zone, which includes two ancient monuments: the Tash-Rabat caravanserai and the Koshoi-Korgon settlement. The Tash-Rabat caravanserai is one of the rare well-preserved medieval monuments. It is located at an altitude of more than 3000 m above sea level in the picturesque Kara-Koyun gorge, 60 km from the village of At-Bashi and 90 km from the city of Naryn. Tash-Rabat was built in the 15th century on the ancient trade route from Central Asia to China and was an inn for merchants, ambassadors, travelers and other itinerants. This is the largest construction of Central Asian architecture of that era, built of stone. It differs not only in its size, building material, but also in a kind of layout based on clear symmetry. Lost among the pristine nature, far from settlements, the caravanserai looks harsh, monumental and inaccessible from the outside.
Ancient settlement Koshoi-Korgon located 12 km from the village of At-Bashi. It represents the remains of a fortress city that existed in the 7th-10th centuries on the caravan trade route, in which the headquarters of the Turkic khans was located. On tens of hectares, there is a stone gallery with tens of thousands of black-and-white rock paintings in the upper reaches of the Saimaluu-Tash tract dating back to the period of the 2nd millennium BC - VIII century AD. The gallery is located 30 km south of the village of Kazarman. The variety of plots of drawings is striking: images of animals and people, hunting scenes, ritual signs, episodes of labor and military activities... On the outskirts of the village of Kazarman, the ruins of a settlement have been preserved, reminiscent of the city of the X-XII centuries. The monuments of the Saka and Usun epochs are represented by scattered mounds 3-5 meters high, inside which there are burial grounds.
Son-Kul lake - the largest freshwater and the second largest reservoir in Kyrgyzstan. It is located within the inner Tien Shan at an altitude of 3016 m above sea level, 90 km north-west of regional center Naryn. In summer, the water temperature rises to 11-12oС, from November to May the water surface is frozen. The valley of Lake Son-Kul has been favored by the Kyrgyz since ancient times, they bring herds here to summer pastures, a large number of mounds have been found here. In summer they nest here different types ducks, seagulls and other waterfowl. The lake coast is home to many species of predators ( snow Leopard, red wolf, fox). In July, a festival is held on the high-mountainous Son-Kul lake, which includes equestrian competitions and the preparation of national dishes.
Rampant, impetuous, rushing uncontrollably through mountain gorges the most large river countries - Naryn , 600 km long. It's complicated and interesting riversuitable for extreme water rafting. The main water obstacles of the highest, 6th category of complexity on it, are Ak-Shiyrak gorge and Kambarata canyon. Most people prefer to look at these places from the shore.
The third largest lake in Kyrgyzstan Chatyr-Kol (width 11 km, length 23 km, depth 19 m) is located on the western edge of the Ak-Sai valley between the At-Bashy and Torugart-Too ridges at 3520 m above sea level. The surroundings of the lake are home to many species of animals: red marmots, mountain goats, snow leopards. The southeastern coast of the lake is a favorite nesting site for Red Book Indian mountain geese and a variety of ducks. The Naryn and Karatal-Japyryk state reserves are located on the Naryn River.
text by Kubatbek Asan uulu (project contact in Naryn)
I have moved to Naryn to work it was equal 4 years ago on August, 1st, 2006. My first sensation was: "About, my God where I have arrived that it for a place that it for a city", but for today life in Naryn has very much changed. The city became more brisk, has appeared more youth, shops and markets became same as to Bishkek, and the prices approximately same. Lately in a city there were many representations of the various companies and basically in these companies young specialist are required. And consequently many students the finished universities in Bishkek come back to Naryn, to their home and with their occurrence, the life in a Naryn more better then for years ago. As a whole here the life is cheaper than in Bishkek, for example here the rent of apartment or house twice more cheaply, kindergartens are twice cheaper than in Bishkek though differ nothing. The salary same as in Bishkek, even in some organizations are more and it because of mountain additional factor to wages that influences the family budget. If at you to salary does not remain money for road it too it is possible to solve this problem, it is necessary to walk all before work on foot that makes about 30 minutes of walking.
The greatest part of workplaces on the city of Naryn makes University of Central Asia because such scale works as on construction of buildings nobody spends, except University of Central Asia. On educational spheres we are on the second place after Naryn State University.
For today, my sight at this city I have cardinally changed also I hope that with arrival University of Central Asia Naryn becomes even better both educational sphere and an infrastructure.
text by Asel Botalieva
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Kyrgyzstanuzbeks - 0.4%
dungans - 0.4%
uighurs - 0.3%
Naryn (Kyrgyz.) - a city in, the administrative center of the Naryn region.
Population - 38,800 people (2017). The area of \u200b\u200bthe city is 40.5 km²
Geography
The city is located in the Naryn hollow at the foot of the Naryn-Too ridge, at an altitude of 2000 m above sea level, on the banks of the Naryn River, at the intersection of the Bishkek-Torugart highway. There is a railway station 180 km north of the city on the shore of Lake Issyk-Kul. The distance to the border point "Torugart" located to the south of Naryn on the border with - 186 km.
Climate
The climate is sharply continental with cold, almost snowless winters and relatively cool summers. The average temperature in July is from +15 to +30 degrees Celsius, in January from -15 to -18 degrees Celsius. The average annual precipitation is from 200 to 300 mm.
| Naryn climate | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicator | Jan. | Feb | March | Apr | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average maximum, ° C | −8 | −5 | 4 | 12 | 18 | 21 | 25 | 25 | 21 | 13 | 4 | −4 | |
| Average minimum, ° C | −18 | −17 | −6 | 1 | 5 | 8 | 10 | 10 | 6 | 0 | −6 | −15 | |
| Precipitation rate, mm | 10 | 12 | 20 | 29 | 53 | 48 | 37 | 20 | 15 | 14 | 13 | 10 | 281 |
| Source: Yandex weather | |||||||||||||
Population
Story
Residential buildings of Naryn
Like many other Central Asian cities, Naryn emerged as a small fortification on the trade routes that led from East Turkestan () to Central Asia. Until the middle of the 19th century, there was no city as such in this area. With the annexation of Central Asia to the Russian Empire in 1868, a Russian garrison was placed here, and from that moment the construction of the city began.
After the October Revolution of 1917, Naryn fell under the control of the Red Army, but in 1920 there was a clash between Soviet troops and the White Guards. After bloody battles, the city was recaptured and Soviet power was established here. In 1927, Naryn became the administrative center of the then created Naryn region.
The etymology of the name of the city is not fully understood. Previously, the city was influenced by the Dzungar Khanate, and the name of the city from the Kalmyk (Oirat) language of the inhabitants of Dzungaria sounds like "Nurn" and translates as "UZKY" "UZENKY", from the name of the narrow river "Nurn" - narrow, which sounds, suitable for "Naryn" There is also an opinion that "Naryn / naaryn" in Central Asia is the designation of a dish made from chopped horse meat. Perhaps in these places they cooked it perfectly, especially since horse meat is a national product in Kyrgyzstan.
Today Naryn is the cultural and administrative center of the Naryn region and is located in the free economic zone "Naryn". It is here that the head offices of public, private and public organizations city \u200b\u200band regional subordination, consular department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Kyrgyzstan, customs department "Torugart".
Tourism
Of the cultural and educational objects, the most interesting are: the State University, the Museum of Local Lore, the Music and Drama Theater and the National Theater "Manas Ruhu".
Naryn River (in the vicinity of Naryn)
But of course, local attractions are the main tourist interest. In general, Naryn and the adjoining region have tremendous tourist potential, because 70% of the local territories are mountains, so picturesque passes, turbulent mountain rivers, deep gorges, eternal snows and glaciers, stunning lakes and waterfalls, as well as an ancient distinctive culture - make these places perfect unique.
Naryn is the starting point for many tourist routes running through the Tien Shan mountains. Hunting tours for mountain ibex and argali Marco Polo, as well as multi-day hiking and horseback expeditions going to the peaks, are collected from here.
Statue on the main square of Naryn
Perhaps, the Naryn River is the main tourist attraction of the city, and the point is not even the fabulous beauty of the coastal landscapes. Calm and unhurried on the plain, in the mountains she seems to go crazy. Swift and violent, it unrestrainedly carries a white-foam stream along the mountain gorges, roaring the whole area with its roar. The river is a coveted dream of those whose body needs constant surges of adrenaline. Rafting of all categories of difficulty is what attracts extreme lovers from all over the country and neighboring countries.
The rafting season on this recalcitrant river lasts from April to November, and the difficulty level changes depending on the season. Experts advise to go rafting here on the most "stable" water - at the end of August and September.
For ecotourism lovers in the vicinity of Naryn, a real paradise.
Trolleybus in Naryn
Transport
In 1994, a trolleybus service was opened in Naryn. Naryn is one of the smallest cities in the world with a trolleybus.
As of January 2015, minibuses to Balykchy, Bishkek and Karakol, as well as regular buses leave the bus station in Naryn every day.
1-2 go to Balykchy per day (depending on the number of passengers), the fare is 300 soms per person.
To Bishkek at the request of the passenger, or by minibus or taxi, all day long. The cost for a minibus is 350 soms, for a taxi 500 soms for a minivan, and 600 soms for a car. To Karakol on Monday only by minibus.
Also, if there are interested parties, a minibus can be formed to the village of At-Bashy, but fees can take up to 2-3 hours.
You can get to the village of At-Bashy by taxi, the cost is 100 som one way, 200 som per person there and back.
Schools
- Naryn State University named after S. Naamatova
- University of Central Asia
- Naryn medical school
- Naryn Pedagogical School
- KSLA College
Notable natives
Muratbek Ryskulov - playwright, Zhumamudun Sheraliev - composer, Tattybubu Tursunbaeva - theater and film actress Musa Baetov - komuzchu, singer
Notes
- Footnote error: Invalid tag ; for footnotes Ethno2009 Naryn no text specified
- Naryn. Asia Travel. Retrieved 4 July 2015.
- Population census of the USSR (1939)
- Population census of the USSR (1959)
- Population census of the USSR (1970)
- Naryn fortification // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Naryn, Kyrgyzstan. Advantour.
- Naryn State University named after S. Naamatova
- University of Central Asia
Links
- On the website of the Association of cities of Kyrgyzstan
Naryn is called the most Kyrgyz city. It has about 40 thousand inhabitants, 90 percent of whom are Kyrgyz. Tourists call it a city two kilometers above sea level or a city of one street.
How to get there
The city is located in the Naryn basin at the foot of the Naryn-Too ridge at an altitude of 2 thousand meters above sea level. Balykchi railway station is 180 kilometers away. The distance to the Torugart border checkpoint located south of Naryn on the border with China is 186 kilometers.
You can get to Naryn only by road. From the Western Bus Station of Bishkek, you can leave by bus or taxi. The journey will take approximately four hours.
What to watch
Photo by IA "site". Tourist places of Naryn
The construction of the city began only in the 19th century, when tsarist Russia placed a garrison in Naryn in 1868. In 1920, after bloody clashes between the Red Army and the White Guards, the city finally came under Soviet control. In 1927, Naryn became the center of the region created at the same time.
Naryn Museum of History and Local Lore belongs to the museums of the third category of the Kyrgyz Republic. Its fund includes about 2 thousand exhibits. They tell about the history of the region, present ancient samples of the ancient distinctive culture of the Kyrgyz.
Among them are kitchen utensils and dishes, agricultural implements used by local residents since ancient times, medieval household items from the caravanserai Tash-Rabat, samples of weapons found by archaeologists in the ruins of the 7th-10th century fortress Koshoi-Korgon.
You can devote separate days to visiting the fortresses. Tash-Rabat is located 90 kilometers from Naryn at an altitude of 3600 meters. One of the stone fortresses on the Great Silk Road — settlement Koshoi-Korgon - located 25 kilometers west of the village of At-Bashi.
The etymology of the name of the city is not fully understood. Here beshbarmak - a dish of meat and noodles - is called naryn. Since ancient times, these places have been famous for the abundance of meat. According to another version, the name of the city comes from the Mongolian "sunny" or the Chinese "narrow", which sound very much like the Kyrgyz "naryn".
Photo from the Internet. Naryn trolleybus
Indeed, the city is stretched out in length. The main street, which has been named after Lenin since Soviet times, stretches for 14 kilometers. Almost the highest trolleybus in the world runs along it. 4-5 trolleybuses leave the line every day. In 2008, the traffic was suspended in order to extend the line.
Park "Alma-Bak" was closed for a long time. There was no money for its reconstruction. In 2011, $ 100,000 was spent on new attractions, lighting and even a pool. The local population ranks the park first among the places recommended for visiting. The indoor ice rink is in second place, and Smart Park is in third.
Photo from the Internet. Salkyn-Tor National Park
State natural national park "Salkyn-Tor" occupies 10.5 thousand hectares. Of those listed in the Red Book of the Kyrgyz Republic, four species of mammals, six species of birds, ten species of insects live here, and two species of plants grow. The territory of the natural park is of great importance for the restoration of the maral population.
Photo from the Internet. Rafting on the Naryn river
The most powerful river in Kyrgyzstan originates in Naryn. The length of the Naryn River on the territory of the republic is 600 kilometers. The cities of Naryn, Tash-Kumyr, Uch-Kurgan are located along the river bed.
A social survey showed that 55.3 percent of Naryn residents would not move to another place if they had the opportunity. They are completely satisfied with their lives.
Music and Drama Theater named after Muratbek Ryskulov founded together with the establishment of the Naryn region. In 1949, all regional theaters were disbanded. They were restored ten years later. In 2008, the Naryn theater received the status of an academic. This is the only musical and drama theater in the republic.
What to bring
Photo from the Internet. Kochkor shyrdak
Naryn is considered the heart of felt. The Kyrgyz say: make a shyrdak so that you will not be ashamed to give it to your children. Felt carpets last up to 40 years. Excellent products - from the craftswomen from At-Bashinsky region and Kochkorka. Cattle breeding is developed in Naryn oblast. The raw materials are available and of high quality.
It is known that products made from natural, environmentally friendly wool of sheep help a person to relieve symptoms of joint diseases. They are also used for other diseases.
Photo from the Internet. Making felt
The carpet is made of two types of felt, the upper layer is made of thin felt, on which a colored pattern is applied, the lower layer is of thick brown or black felt. Pieces of dyed felt are folded together and stitched together. Among the traditional designs of the shyrdak are animals, deer antlers, as well as inscriptions that are an encrypted message for the owner of the carpet.
What science studies the origin of place names? Each person can easily list hundreds of geographical objects associated with his place of residence: villages, cities, rivers. When studying the past, their names can tell a lot. Try to figure out why this area or river is called that and not otherwise. You will definitely hear interesting stories... Scientists have long established that, due to their stability, geographical names serve the oldest monuments, allowing to penetrate into the depths of human history, culture, language. Many geographical names tell about the tribes and peoples who created them. Sometimes with the help of geographical names, the territorial boundaries of various nationalities can be determined, they also provide interesting materials about the nature of the terrain, vegetation in the distant past, or the initial occupation of the population. Geographic names help to identify foreign language elements in a given language. Thus, geographical names are valuable material for history, ethnography, archeology, and botany. There is a special science of toponymy (from the Greek words "Topos" - place and "onyma" - name), which studies geographical names - their origin, meaning and many other aspects.
The names of the cities are living evidence of history.Have you been interested in the history of your city? What is its name related to? When is it named that? Finding answers to these questions begins the study of the history of your city. Let's travel together into the history of the names of some of the major cities of our republic.
Among the mountain gorges of Kyrgyzstan is the city of Naryn - the administrative center of the Naryn region. The city was named after the Naryn River, on the banks of which it is located. The Naryn River is mentioned under various names in history. So, for example, ancient Greek and Roman authors called her Silik. In the 7th-8th centuries, the Turks called it Yenchu-Uguz ("emerald river"), the Chinese - Yosha, Arab and Persian authors - Hatlam. From the end of the XIII century, that is, during the Mongol rule, the river became known under the names Narin, Naryn, Naringol. The epic “Manas” also mentions the Naryn River.
What does the word mean "Naryn"? According to some scholars, it comes from the Mongolian word "nariyi", which means "Narrow", "tight"... In addition, it is known that this word was the name of one of the Mongolian clans. Indeed, the Naryn River mostly flows through narrow and cramped mountain gorges, hence, perhaps, the name of the river. On the other hand, it may be plausible that one of the Mongolian families that settled on the banks of the river gave it a name, which then passed on to the future city.
In the middle of the 19th century, during the time of the Kokand Khanate, a fortification was erected here, at the end of the 19th century a settlement arose. In 1927 Naryn became a city.
Osh city - the most ancient city of Kyrgyzstan, it is 3000 years old, but there is still no final clarity about the origin of its name. Legends associate its foundation with the great commander, the king of ancient Macedonia, Alexander the Great, and even with the prophet Solomon. According to legend, sometime in the distant past, the prophet Solomon plowed the land on oxen. Suddenly the oxen stopped, Solomon shouted to the oxen: “Osh!”, But raising his head, he saw that the team was buried in a rocky mountain. It was later named Sulaiman-Too (Solomon's Mountain), and the nearby district was named Osh. The city of Osh is mentioned in written sources of the 9th-10th centuries. According to the information contained in them, Osh was the third largest city in the Fergana Valley. It is interesting that Osh, whose history is replete with interesting events, has retained its ancient name unchanged over the centuries.
On the territory of the capital of the republic - bishkek city archaeologists have found items dating back to the second millennium BC. e. The finds indicate that people have lived in this place since ancient times. The settlement began to be called Bishkek at the end of the 18th century in memory of a Kyrgyz batyr named Bishkek. A funeral mausoleum - kumbez was erected here. In 1825, in its place, the Kokand rulers built a fortification called the Bishkek fortress. The settlement that grew around the fortress was at first called Bishkek, but later, when it came under the control of the Russian Empire, the name was distorted: the settlement began to be called Pishpek. In 1878 Pishpek received the status of a city. In 1926 the city was named after M.V. Frunze - a prominent Soviet military leader, statesmanwho was born in Pishpek. In 1991, the city returned to its historical name - Bishkek.
The word "bishkek" itself literally translated into Russian means "whorl" - an item used to stir up kumis, a favorite drink of the Kyrgyz.
Consequently, the history of the origin of the name of a village, settlement, city is an inseparable part of the history of the emergence, development of the settlement itself.
What do the names of objects of the surrounding nature say? Along with the names of villages and cities, the names of rivers, lakes, mountains, forests and other natural objects around us can act as concrete evidence of history.
Issyk-Kul is one of the largest lakes in the world. In the ancient Turkic language, the word “ysyk” means “hot”, “warm”, it also contains the meaning “sacred”, “wonderful”, “revered”, “sacrificial”. The word "kul" - (correctly not "kul", but "kel") meant "lake". The Kyrgyz (Turkic) name of the lake suggests that Turkic peoples have lived on the shores of Issyk-Kul since ancient times.
Chu - the river that gave the name to the valley through which it flows. The word is found in ancient Chinese written sources, the works of Arab and Persian travelers of the 9th-11th centuries and means “water, water bed”. According to some information, the place and the river got their name from the name of the Türkic tribe Chui, which is mentioned in the ancient Türkic written monuments. This version is also supported by the presence of a locality with a similar name in Altai.
Arstanbap - the name of the unique massifs of walnut-fruit forests in the Jalal-Abad region. The origin of the name of the area is associated with the name of the sage Arstan-baba who lived in the Middle Ages. Arstanbap is revered by the Kyrgyz as a sacred place. Until the middle of the 19th century, prominent people, national heroes were buried in Arstanbap. The largest walnut forests in the world are located here. At one time, Alexander the Great, seeing nuts for the first time, was delighted with their taste and nutritional value. The nuts he took from here then became known to the whole world under the name of walnuts.
Often the originality of the nature of the area, its natural features are directly reflected in place names. For example, the names Kyzyl-Suu (red water), Ak-Kiya (white rock), Tash-Komur (coal), Mailuu-Suu (oil water), Ak-Sai (white channel, or hollow), Ak-Suu ( white (clear) water), Ak-Talaa (white valley), Jety-Oguz (seven oxen), Kumtor (sandy elevation), Sary-Bulak (yellow spring) are directly related to the peculiarities of their appearance, shape and other distinctive qualities.
Names of people in place names. Until the 19th century, the Kyrgyz rarely called settlements and natural objects by the names of people. Only a few of them are known and, first of all, they are associated with the names of folk heroes and outstanding personalities: Manas-Ata, Arstan-baba, Babash-Ata, Dolon-biy, Gyulyna-Ene, batyr Bishkek. Starting from the second half of the 19th century, after the annexation of Kyrgyzstan to Russia, many settlements and geographical objects began to be named after Russian tsars, tsarist ministers, generals, travelers, etc. Until now, in Kyrgyzstan, you can find the names of villages - Petrovka, Novopavlovka, Alekseevka, Aleksandrovka, Romanovka and others, named in the late 19th - early 20th centuries in honor of the Russian tsars. The center of the Issyk-Kul region, the city of Karakol - from 1889 to 1921 and from 1939 to 1991 bore the name of the Russian traveler N.M. Przhevalsky; one of the mountain peaks is the name of the Governor-General of Turkestan Kaufman, who led the conquest of Central Asia. Many geographical names of that period reflect the peculiarity of that historical period - the colonial nature of the policy of the tsarist autocracy in relation to Kyrgyzstan.
After the overthrow of tsarism and the establishment of Soviet power, the process of renaming began. Now streets, villages, cities, etc. assigned the names of party and Soviet leaders - Lenin, Stalin, Kalinin, Voroshilov, etc. The names of the localities immortalized the names of the Kyrgyz people who showed heroism during the Civil and Great Patriotic Wars. Thus, the villages of Sidorov and Sagyndyk in the Kara-Kuldzhinsky region are named in memory of the soldiers of the Red Army who died in battles with the Basmachi. The names of the heroes of the Great Patriotic War the villages of Taigaraev in the Kara-Suu region, Konkino in the Issyk-Kul region, the city of Shopokov in the Chui region, the village of Cholponbai in the Talas region are named.
The tradition of assigning the names of outstanding historical figures who made a great contribution to the development of the Kyrgyz Republic to settlements and geographical objects was continued after Kyrgyzstan gained independence. The memory of historical figures of the past who lived in the XVIII- XIX centuries: Ormon-khan, Kurmanjan datke, Shabdan batyr, Baytik batyr, etc. On the one hand, this is a tribute to the descendants of their outstanding ancestors. However, on the other hand, this can lead to the disappearance of the original historical names of settlements or geographical objects.
Folk legends about the origin of place names. Many Kyrgyz legends tell about the origin of certain geographical names. In the south of Kyrgyzstan there is mountain Altyn-Beshik (Golden cradle)... The legend tells about the origin of its name. In the XIV century, when the ruler of Fergana Babur fled from enemies, he left his newborn son in a golden cradle in the mountains, fearing that the child would die on the way. Babur hoped that people would find the child and save him from death. And so it happened. Local residents found the boy, gave him the name Altyn-Beshik and began to take care of him. Since then, the mountain has been called Altyn-Beshik.
On the eastern shore of Issyk-Kul, there is the San-Tash area (from the words “count” and “stone”), known for two stone mounds. It is with them that folk tradition connects the origin of the name. Emir Timur, heading to conquer East Turkestan, stopped here with an army. Before starting off, Emir Timur ordered each soldier to take a stone and throw it at the indicated place. A huge stone mound was formed. Returning from the campaign, Timur again ordered the soldiers to take a stone and throw it next to the first mound. A new mound was formed, but it was already half the size of the first. Emir Timur was saddened when he saw how many soldiers were killed in the battles. Over time, people began to call this place San-Tash (a few stones).
There are a great many such legends and traditions among the people. And each of them is associated with historical events that took place in this area.
Naryn is a city stretched out in a narrow strip along the Naryn River, running between high steppe cliffs. Most often, Naryn serves as a stopover for tourists on the way to or from Kashgar. Unfortunately, many Western sources are not very complimentary about the city.
The city of Naryn was founded in 1868 as a Russian garrison city, and quite a few military utensils have survived in the modern city.
The name of the city, according to legend, means the name of horse meat soup. Other sources say that the name came from the Mongolian word, which means "sunny", or from the Chinese word "narrow".
In November 1920, a clash between soldiers of the revolutionary communist government and the White Army, led by two generals, took place in the city. The collision claimed many lives and the government erected a memorial in the city center to commemorate the victims.
Naryn lies at an altitude of 2800 meters above sea level, 350 km from Bishkek and 200 km from the Chinese border. Naryn is considered the coldest city in Kyrgyzstan. average annual temperature here is -6 ° C. The downhill temperatures reach -40 ° C. However, the summer in Naryn is hot and dusty. The population of the city is 45,000 people, the Naryn region is 260,000 inhabitants. 99.9% of the population is Kyrgyz, the main language of communication is Kyrgyz.
The Naryn River is the most long river in Kyrgyzstan (535 km). The river has been known since antiquity, its former name sounds like Syr-Darya. The river carries its waters to the Aral Sea, like the Amu-Darya.
The water of the Naryn River is used for irrigation, the river also has significant energy resources, there are the Toktogul HPP, Tash-Kumyr HPP, Uchkurgan HPP, Kurpsay HPP with corresponding reservoirs.
Naryn located at an altitude of 2500 m above sea level, on the banks of the river of the same name, at the intersection of the Bishkek-Torugart highway. The city of Naryn is a regional and district cultural and administrative center, here is the Naryn State University, the Museum of Local Lore and the Musical Drama and National Theater "Manas Ruhu".
It is home to about 40,000 inhabitants. It will be interesting for the guests of the city to observe the numbing alpine landscape surrounding the city. Naryn is called the access to the gate of China. Of interest is the cultural wealth and hospitality of Naryn residents.
Since 1927, the city has been the administrative center of the Naryn region and district. The history of the city's origins goes back centuries; it was built near a fortification that stood on the trade route to Kashgar. Now it is located in the eastern part of the Middle Naryn Valley at an altitude of 2020-2040 meters above sea level at the foot of Naryn-Too. The main part of the territory is stretched out in a narrow strip along the southern bank of the Naryn River, with the exception of a small eastern part of the city passing to the northern bank. Balykchy railway station is located 180 km to the south. The distance to the "Torugart" checkpoint on the border with the PRC is 186 km.
Climate sharply continental, arid. Winter is cold, lasting 145-165 days. The average January temperature is 17 ° С, sometimes up to -25 ° -38 ° С. Summers are dry and moderately warm. The average temperature in July is + 18 ° С. Average annual precipitation is 250-300 mm.
The main religion is Islam. In the city there are public and economic organizations serving districts and regions, as well as regional and district administrative structures of ministries and departments. Here is the Torugart customs office, the consular department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Kyrgyz Republic. In the city there are travel companies and hotels such as: "Heavenly Mountains", "Ala-Too," Kerme-Too, recreation area "Salkyn-Tor" with a hotel complex. The free economic zone "Naryn" also belongs to the city.